Automatic Fecal Eggs Counting in Ruminants Using Xilinx DPU Leiva, Elías Lucas; Constanzo, Bruno Eduardo Nicolas; Vazquez, Martin Osvaldo; Toloza, Juan Manuel Parasite control is vital in the cattle industry. Infection control is based on counting parasite eggs on samples obtained from animals, and processed later in laboratories by human technicians using optical microscopes. This traditional monitoring method affects the yield of production, delaying the start of treatment of infected animals. It also implies an additional cost of mobility of the veterinary expert who determines the treatment. Therefore, it is convenient to have a portable device for automatic fecal egg counting. This work presents an embedded algorithm for this type of analysis, with the ability to implement a portable solution. The implementation is based on Deep Learning, running on a MPSoC (Multiprocessor System-on-Chip) using Xillinx DPU. Our proposal has resulted in significantly lower sample processing time compared to other existing solutions, greater flexibility and a low power consumption.

Natural Occurrence, Exposure Assessment & Risk Characterization of Alternaria Mycotoxins in Apple By-Products in Argentina Pavicich, Maria Agustina; De Boevre, Marthe; Vidal, Arnau; Mikula, Hannes; Warth, Benedikt; Marko, Doris; De Saeger, Sarah; Patriarca, Andrea Rosana Data on the natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in apple by-products is lacking in Argentina and the risk of exposure to these mycotoxins has not been characterized before. The levels of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), altertoxin-I (ATX-I), altertoxin-II (ATX-II), alternariol 3-sulfate (AOH-3-S), alternariol 3-glucoside (AOH-3-G), alternariol monomethyl ether 3-sulfate (AME-3-S), and alternariol monomethyl ether 3-glucoside (AME-3-G) were determined in clarifed and cloudy apple juices, marmalades, and applebased infant food from the Argentinean market, and the risk of exposure was characterized. Detectable levels of AME, TEN, TeA, AME-3-S and AOH-3-G were found in clarifed juices, while the same mycotoxins plus AOH were found in cloudy apple juices in higher concentrations. AME, TEN, TeA and AOH-3G were detected in marmalades, and AOH, AME, TEN and TeA in apple infant food. Probabilistic exposure assessment and risk characterization were carried out for children between 6 months and 5 years old in Argentina. The highest risk of exposure afected children between 6 and 23 months from the consumption of apple infant food and mainly associated with the alternariols. Better control strategies to prevent the incorporation of Alternaria mouldy core into the process line and the establishment of legislation for Alternaria mycotoxins are needed in Argentina.

Cabo Dos Bahías y el manejo del guanaco en la Patagonia argentina; Cabo Dos Bahias and guanaco management in the Argentinean Patagonia. Marino, Andrea Ivana; Rodriguez, Maria Victoria En el año 2000, un evento de mortalidad masiva redujo drásticamente la población de guanacos (Lama guanicoe) de la reserva Cabo Dos Bahías, Chubut, Argentina. Este evento se convirtió en un caso emblemático de la dinámica de las poblaciones de guanacos en el que se da por hecho que la falta de mecanismos de regulación indujo un exceso poblacional que deterioró el recurso forrajero de tal forma que la población colapsó por falta de alimento. A pesar de la escasa representatividad de los entornos ecológicos relevantes, el caso presenta una influencia desproporcionada en la discusión sobre el manejo de las poblaciones de guanacos. Incluso, algunos autores argumentan que el riesgo de propagación de este fenómeno al resto de la Patagonia hace necesario que las mismas se controlen extractivamente. En este trabajo buscamos sintetizar la evidencia publicada hasta el momento y socializar los resultados obtenidos durante los últimos 15 años sobre la dinámica de la población de guanacos y la vegetación en Cabo Dos Bahías, con el objetivo de aportar a la discusión sobre las causas y consecuencias del evento del año 2000 bajo un marco de razonamiento ecológico. La evidencia evaluada indica que la densidad poblacional es compatible con la disponibilidad de forraje y está acoplada a sus variaciones interanuales. La vegetación en la reserva luego de 50 años de pastoreo por guanacos presenta un estado similar o incluso más conservado, según el indicador considerado, que los campos vecinos con manejo ganadero tradicional. Nuestro análisis indica que si bien Cabo Dos Bahías presenta densidades altas y más fluctuantes que otras poblaciones, no hay evidencia que apoye la falta de regulación, exceso poblacional o deterioro ambiental. Finalmente, discutimos las implicancias de estos resultados en el contexto de la discusión actual sobre el manejo del guanaco en Patagonia.; In 2000, a massive die-off resulted in a drastic reduction of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) population of Cabo Dos Bahías Reserve, Chubut, Argentina. This event became an emblematic example of guanaco population dynamics in which it is presumed that the lack of regulatory mechanisms induced a population excess that damaged forage resources to an extreme that the population crashed due to starvation. Although this case poorly represents the relevant ecological scenarios, it has a disproportionate influence on current debates regarding the management of guanaco populations. Some authors even claim that, unless guanaco populations are culled, this degradation process will propagate across Patagonian rangelands. In this paper we aimed to synthetize the available evidence and to socialize the results obtained after 15 years following guanaco and vegetation dynamics at Cabo Dos Bahías to contribute to the discussion on the causes and consequences of mentioned guanaco die-off. The available evidence shows that population density is compatible with forage availability and it is coupled with its inter-annual variability. Range condition at the reserve is similar or better, upon the indicator considered, than range condition at neighbouring ranches with traditional livestock management. Our analysis indicates that, although Cabo dos Bahías presented high guanaco densities, which fluctuated more than other populations, there is no evidence to support the lack of regulation, population excess or environmental damage. Finally, we discuss our results in the context of the current debate about guanaco management in Patagonia.

Buenas prácticas en visualización de datos Fasano, Maria Victoria; Kudraszow, Nadia Laura Las gráficas nos permiten descubrir y comunicar la información contenida en nuestros datos. En este artículo realizaremos un recorrido por las prácticas más comunes de visualización que no favorecen a un correcto análisis de los datos y se proporcionarán consejos y técnicas para una efectiva exploración de los mismos.

Effects of an immune challenge on the thermal preferences of adult and newborn Liolaemus lizards from Patagonia, Argentina Duran, Fernando; Boretto, Jorgelina Mariela; Becker, Leandro Anibal; Ibarguengoytía, Nora Body temperature has relevant effects on the immune response. Here, we characterized the thermal biology and health condition of the viviparous lizard Liolaemus kingii from Patagonia (Argentina), by studying field body temperatures, presence of injuries or ectoparasites, body condition (BC), and individual immune response capacity with the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin-swelling assay. In addition, we analyzed the effects of injections of a bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) on the preferred temperature (Tp) and BC of adult males and newborns. The PHA treatment caused detectable thickening at 2 and 20 hours post-assay in males, indicating a significant immune response related to an increase in cellular activity. LPS-challenged lizards thermoregulated accurately and at stable body temperatures within the 50% interquartile of Tp (Tset) over the 72-hour period while the control group showed a more variable and lower Tp. Exposure to LPS negatively affected the BC of newborns, whereas it did not affect the BC of adult males. LPS challenges, used as a proxy of pathogen exposures to study lizard behavioral thermoregulation, constitute a practical approach to assess the immunological constraints lizards from high-latitude regions may face due to global warming and anthropogenic disturbances.

Cooperativas agrarias y producción tambera: Un caso en la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina; Agricultural cooperatives and dairy production: A case-study in the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina Waked Sanchez, Nathalia La Cooperativa Agropecuaria de Industrialización, Comercialización y Vivienda Campo Unido (COCAU) fue creada en agosto de 1978 en la zona de Villa Hernandarias (Entre Ríos). La impulsó un grupo de productores tamberos que, debido a las condiciones desfavorables en las que se encontraban como proveedores de una usina láctea de la región, decidieron organizarse para constituir su propia industria quesera. El presente artículo analiza la evolución de la cooperativa COCAU con el objetivo de comprender su aporte a la economía regional. Se parte de una referencia al movimiento cooperativo en Argentina, en especial en la provincia de Entre Ríos, para caracterizar luego la industria láctea en el país y focalizar en el análisis de caso. El trabajo se basa en la realización de entrevistas a los asociados e informantes clave, así como en registros provenientes de la observación participante en reuniones de trabajo y la visita a varias explotaciones de los productores asociados.; The Cooperativa Agropecuaria de Industrialización, Comercialización y Vivienda Campo Unido (“Campo Unido” Agricultural Cooperative of Industrialization, Commercialization and Housing – or COCAU according to its initials in Spanish) was created in August 1978 in the Villa Hernandarias area of Entre Ríos province. COCAU was established by a group of dairy farmers who, due to the unfavorable conditions in which they found themselves as suppliers of a regional dairy plant, decided to organize themselves to create their own cheese industry. This article examines the evolution of the COCAU cooperative and analyzes its contribution to the regional economy. Firstly, Argentina's cooperative movement -with a focus on the Entre Ríos province- and the national dairy industry are examined to contextualize the COCAU case. The case-study is based on interviews conducted with associates and key informants, as well as on records from participant observation in work meetings and visits to various farms of associated producers.

The role of no synthase, MPT pore, and protein kinase a in the cardioprotective effect of the opioid receptor agonist deltorphin II Mukhomedzyanov, A. V.; Popov, S. V.; Maslov, L. N.; Azev, V. N.; Diez, Emiliano Raúl In male Wistar rats, coronary occlusion (45 min) and reperfusion (120 min) were modeled. Selective δ2-opioid receptor agonist (deltorphin II, 0.12 mg/kg) was administered intravenously 5 min before reperfusion; NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg), MPT pore blocker (atractyloside, 5 mg/kg), and protein kinase A inhibitor (H-89, 10 μg/kg) were administered intravenously 10 min before reperfusion. Deltorphin II administered before reperfusion led to a 2-fold decrease in the infarct size. The infarct-limiting effect of deltorphin II was associated with blockade of MPT pore. Protein kinase A and NO synthase were not involved in the cardioprotective effect of deltorphin II.

Yowen ko- Amalia 6 zooarchaeological análisis and space re-ocupation in fuegian stepee; Yowen ko – Amalia 6 analisis zooarqueologico y reocupación del espacio en la estepa fueguina Oria, Jimena; Vázquez, Nicolás Martín En el interior estepario del norte fueguino la evidencia arqueológica en estratigrafía es escasa y entre las características más ubicuas del registro se cuenta la presencia de contextos de superficie con densidades variables de artefactos líticos, eventualmente asociados con restos óseos. Estos contextos están expuestos a procesos erosivos y lluvia natural de huesos, que generan situaciones de baja resolución e integridad, dificultando la construcción de un esquema cronológico y la discusión sobre las pautas de explotación faunística. La señal arqueológica indica una mayor intensidad de ocupaciones durante el Holoceno tardío, con escasa evidencia para momentos previos. En este marco, se presentan y discuten los resultados del análisis de los conjuntos procedentes de los sitios Yowen Ko y Amalia 6, el primero en estratigrafía y el segundo en superficie, ambos con marcado predominio de su componente faunístico. Los análisis zooarqueológicos y tafonómicos desarrollados sobre estos conjuntos, en combinación con estudios y experimentaciones desde una perspectiva geoarqueológica, permiten evaluar el grado de integridad y los procesos implicados en la formación de ambos sitios. A su vez, la cronología y composición de estos contextos, en particular Yowen Ko, brindan un aporte valioso para la discusión sobre uso del espacio dentro del paisaje estepario desde finales del Holoceno medio -periodo para el cual no se cuenta con mucha información- y el aprovechamiento de la fauna por los grupos humanos en el sector de lagunas salobres del interior fueguino; In the inland of the northern Fueguian steppe, the archaeological stratigraphic evidence is scarce, being the presence of surface contexts with variable densities of lithic artifacts, occasionally associated with bone remains, among the most ubiquitous characteristics of the record. These contexts are exposed to erosive processes and natural additions of bones, causing low resolution and integrity and therefore hindering the construction of a chronological scheme as well as the discussion on the different patterns of faunal exploitation. The archaeological signal shows a greater intensity of occupations during the late Holocene, with little evidence for earlier times. Within this framework, our study results of the assemblages from the Yowen Ko and Amalia 6 sites are presented and discussed, the first one in stratigraphy and the second one on the surface, both with a marked prevalence of their faunal component. The zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyzes carried out on these assemblages, in combination with other studies and experiments from a geoarchaeological perspective, allows us to assess the degree of integrity and the processes involved in the formation of both sites. Moreover, the chronology and composition of these contexts, in particular the Yowen Ko ones, represent a significant contribution to the discussion on the use of space in the area of brackish shallow lakes within the steppe landscape since late middle Holocene, a period from which there is not much information, and the use of fauna by human groups in the brackish shallow lakes area in the Fuegian inland.

Enhanced recombinant protein capture, purity and yield from crude bacterial cell extracts by N-Lauroylsarcosine-assisted affinity chromatography Vicente Carratalá, José; Atienza Garriga, Jan; López Laguna, Héctor; Vázquez, Esther; Villaverde, Antonio; Sanchez, Julieta Maria; Ferrer Miralles, Neus Background Recombinant proteins cover a wide range of biomedical, biotechnological, and industrial needs.Although there are diverse available protocols for their purification from cell extracts or from culture media, many pro‑teins of interest such as those containing cationic domains are difficult to purify, a fat that results in low yields of thefinal functional product. Unfortunately, this issue prevents the further development and industrial or clinical applica‑tion of these otherwise interesting products.Results Aiming at improving the purification of such difficult proteins, a novel procedure has been developed basedon supplementing crude cell extracts with non-denaturing concentrations of the anionic detergent N-Lauroylsar‑cosine. The incorporation of this simple step in the downstream pipeline results in a substantial improvement of theprotein capture by affinity chromatography, an increase of protein purity and an enhancement of the overall processyield, being the detergent not detectable in the final product.Conclusion By taking this approach, which represents a smart repurposing of N-Lauroylsarcosine applied to proteindownstream, the biological activity of the protein is not affected. Being technologically simple, the N-Lauroylsarco‑sine-assisted protein purification might represent a critical improvement in recombinant protein production withwide applicability, thus smothering the incorporation of promising proteins into the protein market.

Andenería de las quebradas tributarias del Río Negro y su relación con Pueblo Viejo de Tucute y la conquista incaica: Casabindo, Argentina; Agricultural terracing of the tributary ravines of Río Negro and its relationship with Pueblo Viejo de Tucute and the Inca conquest: Casabindo, Argentina Alvarez Larrain, Alina; Basso, Diego Martin; Tejerina, Elina María; Grana, Lorena Giselle; Zaburlin, María Amalia El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar las estructuras agrícolas prehispánicas halladas mediante sensores remotos y prospecciones pedestres en la cuenca hidrográfica del Río Negro. Asimismo, el estudio de la arquitectura productiva en combinación con el análisis de las condiciones de humedad actuales de la zona nos lleva a preguntarnos sobre la elección de las quebradas tributarias del Río Negro para la producción agrícola. Los estudios aquí presentados forman parte de una investigación sistemática sobre los paisajes agropastoriles del área sur de la localidad de Casabindo (Jujuy, Argentina), que busca indagar además sobre la relación de las áreas productivas identificadas con el poblado-pukara de Pueblo Viejo de Tucute, y los cambios y continuidades en el uso del espacio con la presencia del incanato en la región. Al momento hemos podido identificar 24 áreas con andenería en diversos sectores de las quebradas tributarias del Río Negro. La instalación de los andenes en esta topografía escarpada y protegida donde se emplaza Pueblo Viejo de Tucute, nos lleva proponer la pertenencia cultural de las estructuras a los habitantes de dicho poblado, y el carácter beneficioso en términos de humedad relativa del ambiente de este sistema de quebradas para la práctica agrícola frente a las condiciones áridas imperantes en la región. Por otro lado, la presencia en algunos sectores de andenes de grandes dimensiones sobreimpuestos a un sustrato arquitectónico previo, y el hallazgo de las figuras de dos llamas representadas en cuarzo blanco en un muro de andén, nos permite sostener que esta cuenca fue posteriormente ocupada por los incas.; This work presents the pre-Hispanic agricultural areas found by remote sensing and pedestrian survey in the Rio Negro hydrographic basin. In addition, the study of the productive architecture in combination with the analysis of the current humidity conditions of the area leads us to consider the selection of this system of tributary ravines of Rio Negro for agricultural production. The studies presented here are part of a systematic investigation of the agropastoral landscapes of the southern area of Casabindo (Jujuy, Argentina), which also seeks to inquire about the relationship of the productive areas with the pukara-town of Pueblo Viejo de Tucute, and the changes and continuities in the use of space with the appearance of the Inca Empire in the region. Currently, we have been able to identify 24 areas with terraces in various sectors of the tributary ravines of the Rio Negro. The installation of the agricultural terraces in this steep and protected topography where Pueblo Viejo de Tucute is located, allows us to propose the ownership of the structures to the inhabitants of the town and the beneficial character in terms of relative humidity of the environment of this system of streams for agricultural practice in the face of arid conditions. On the other hand, the presence in some sectors of large large bench terraces superimposed on a previous architectural substrate, and the discovery of the figures of two llamas represented in white quartz on a terrace wall allow us to assert that this micro-basin was later occupied by the Inca.

The Blind President and a Political Drama in Argentina's Interwar Politics: The Case of Roberto M. Ortiz and His Attempt at Democratic Redemption López, Ignacio Alejandro President Roberto Ortiz’s public life history mostly exemplifies the peculiarities of an Argentine interwar political trajectory. This article nuances that interpretation through evaluating unknown sources and recently discovered contemporary documents. He epitomizes the tangled political liberalism in interwar Argentina: formed in liberalism, he was increasingly influenced by statism and nationalism, which are prominent in his speeches. His path was ascending and expressed the peculiar transition between Radical era democratization and the so-called infamous decade. He might also be considered a transitional figure in Argentina’s mass politics, between the Radical republic and the emergence of Peronism. Although elected by fraudulent mechanisms, in office he moved to a democratic and inclusive program with clean elections. Paradoxically, as his administration was settled, Ortiz was shocked by a health crisis. The sick President became a crucial figure for democratic and pro-ally sectors in early-1940s Argentina. His health issues also limited his democratization mission.

Patterns of fish consumption by hunter-fisher-gatherer people from the Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego during the Holocene: Human-environmental interactions Bas, Maria; Salemme, Monica Cira; Santiago, Fernando Carlos; Briz Godino, Ivan; Alvarez, Myrian Rosa; Cardona, Luis This paper aims to assess changes in the patterns of marine fish consumption by hunter-fisher-gatherer populations in the context of environmental change. To accomplish this objective, we used two methodological approaches: first, stable isotope analysis in ancient and modern shells of limpets and mussels to explore changes in the isotopic baseline and also in fish skeletal remains recovered from different archaeological sites dated to the Middle and Late Holocene of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina); second, a zooarchaeological quantitative analysis of the fish remains from different archaeological sites in the same area and period. Results confirmed that marineprimary productivity in the Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego decreased throughout the second half of the Holocene, while the contribution of phytoplankton to the carbon pool fueling the coastal food web decreased simultaneously. The quantitative zooarchaeological analysis and the stable isotope analyses in fish remains suggest that in the Atlantic coast there was a variation in the consumption of fish species from offshore to near shore fish species throughout time, mostly because of the declining occurrence of Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi). This could result from changes in the distribution of the latter and the probability of mass stranding.

Calcium concentration of drinking water to improve calcium intake: A simulation study Cormick, Gabriela; Romero, Iris Beatriz; Matamoros, Natalia; Sosa, Miriam; Gugole Ottaviano, Maria Fernanda; Garitta, Lorena Garitta; Belizan, Jose; Gibbons, Luz The risk of inadequate calcium intake is a worldwide problem. We performed a simulation exercise on the impact, effectiveness, and safety of increasing calcium levels in drinking water using the 2019 Health and Nutrition National Survey of Argentina, which provides water intake and water sources data at the individual level. We simulated the distribution of calcium intake assuming a calcium concentration of 100 mg of calcium per liter of tap water and 400 mg of calcium per liter of bottled water. After the simulation, all population groups had a slightly improved calcium intake. Higher impacts were observed in adults, as reported water intake was higher in adults 19– 51 years old. In young adult women, the estimated calcium intake inadequacy decreased from 91.0% to 79.7% when calcium was increased in tap water and to 72.2% when calcium was increased in tap and bottled water. The impact was lower in adolescents and older adults who have higher calcium recommendations and reported lower water intake. Increased calcium concentration of water could improve calcium intake in Argentina, especially in adults as their reported water intake is higher. Combining more than one strategy to improve calcium intake might be required for countries like Argentina with low calcium intake.

Polymerase iota (Pol ι) prevents PrimPol-mediated nascent DNA synthesis and chromosome instability Mansilla, Sabrina Florencia; Bertolin, Agostina P.; Venerus Arbilla, Sofía; Castaño, Bryan Alain Alexis; Jahjah, Tiya; Singh, Jenny K.; Siri, Sebastian Omar; Castro, María Victoria; de la Vega Páez, María Belén; Quinet, Annabel; Wiesmüller, Lisa; Gottifredi, Vanesa Recent studies have described a DNA damage tolerance pathway choice that involves a competition between PrimPol-mediated repriming and fork reversal. Screening different translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerases by the use of tools for their depletion, we identified a unique role of Pol ι in regulating such a pathway choice. Pol ι deficiency unleashes PrimPol-dependent repriming, which accelerates DNA replication in a pathway that is epistatic with ZRANB3 knockdown. In Pol ι–depleted cells, the excess participation of PrimPol in nascent DNA elongation reduces replication stress signals, but thereby also checkpoint activation in S phase, triggering chromosome instability in M phase. This TLS-independent function of Pol ι requires its PCNA-interacting but not its polymerase domain. Our findings unravel an unanticipated role of Pol ι in protecting the genome stability of cells from detrimental changes in DNA replication dynamics caused by PrimPol.

Prensa católica e Iglesia de Córdoba ante el fascismo italiano: Una relación versátil en tiempos dela guerra ítalo-etíope (1935-1936); The church of Córdoba facing italian fascism: A versatile relationship in times of the italian-ethiopian war (1935-1936) Sánchez, María Eugenia A partir del análisis del impacto de la guerra ítalo-etíope en el diario católico Los Principios (1935-1936) el articulo indaga la relación entre prensa católica, jerarquía eclesiástica de Córdoba y el fascismo italiano. En el trabajo se señala que la guerra ocupó en gran medida la atención del diario católico y propició la construcción y difusión de discursos polisémicos. A manera de hipótesis sostenemos que esta diversidad de sentidos respondió más a una intención del diario de ofrecerles a sus lectores cierto “confort ideológico” en el campo de las derechas que a una dificultad de tomar una única posición. Además, las distintas posiciones y sentidos sobre la guerra ítalo-etíope que convivieron en el diario dan cuenta de la diversidad y matices de las alianzas y acercamientos que mantuvo la jerarquía eclesiástica de Córdoba con sectores de las derechas.; In this article we investigate the relationship between the ecclesiastical hierarchy of Cordoba and the Italian fascism by analysing the impact of the Italo-Ethiopian war on the Catholic newspaper “Los Principios” (1935-1936). The study points out that on the Catholic newspaper the war was a preeminent topic and polysemic discourses were constructed and spread out. This diversity of meanings responded more to an intention of the ecclesiastical hierarchy to offer an “ideological comfort” to its readers in the field of right-wing than to a difficulty in taking a single position. The different positions and meanings about the Italo-Ethiopian war that coexisted in the newspaper show the diversity and nuances of the alliances and approaches that the ecclesiastical hierarchy of Córdoba maintained with sectors of theright-wing.

Estructura y dinámica inicial de una forestación de Schinopsis balansae Engl; Structure and initial dynamics of a forestation of Schinopsis balansae engl Orquera, Ricardo Martín; Ruiz Diaz, Marianela; Velazco, Pablo Javier; Perez, Víctor Ramon El estudio se realizó en una plantación de Schinopsis balansae (quebracho colorado chaqueño) de 15 años de edad, perteneciente a la empresa INDUNOR S.A. en La Escondida- Chaco, Argentina. Se establecieron como objetivos aportar conocimientos e información técnica relacionada a la estructura y dinámica de dicha plantación, y determinar el modelo más conveniente para expresar la relación hipsométrica. En la obtención de datos se aplicó un muestreo simple aleatorio, en el cual se utilizaron seis parcelas rectangulares. La caracterización de la estructura horizontal incluyó la determinación de parámetros dasométricos e índices de densidad y dominancia por clase diamétrica. En la estructura vertical se utilizó el índice de posición sociológica. Como complemento al análisis estructural se utilizó la variable cualitativa forma de fuste. Con datos de diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y altura total (HT), se analizó la relación hipsométrica.; Little is known about the epidometric behavior of plantations made with native species. In this case, a study was carried out in a plantation of 15 years old of Schinopsis balansae Engl. (Quebracho colorado chaqueño). The objectives of this work were to contribute with knowledge and technical information about the structure and dynamics of this plantation, and to determine the most convenient model to express the hypsometric relationship. Data were obtained using a simple random sampling, with six rectangular plots. To characterize the horizontal structure, dasometric parameters were determined and density and dominance indexes by diameter class were calculated. The sociological position index was used to characterize the vertical structure. Stem shape was evaluated to complement the structural analysis. The hypsometric relationship was analyzed using data on diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (TH). The results revealed a current density of 547 pl.ha-1, mean diameter of 12.08 cm, mean height of 7.20 m, basal area of 7.18 m².ha-., and stem volume of 25.06 m³.ha-1. Height was best predicted by the equation h = - 0.083 + 3.059 * ln d, corresponding to the Henriksen model. Regarding growth dynamics, mean annual increase in diameter and volume was 0.81 cm.yr-1 and 1.67 m³.ha-1.yr-1, respectively. In conclusion, the evaluated plantation is going through its exponential growth phase. The plantation presented a normal density, without apparent competition. Most of the individuals have a straight stem, as a result of the timely and adequate pruning. The logarithmic Henriksen model was the most reliable for estimating TH based on DBH. This work provides information about the silvicultural potential of S. balansae.

Estimación del factor de cobertura vegetal en la Cuña Boscosa Santafesina utilizando índices espectrales; Estimation of the cover management factor in the usle using spectral indices Micheloud, Elisabet Noelí; Bocco, Joaquín; Marano, Roberto Paulo La Cuña Boscosa Santafesina ha sufrido desmontes que causaron fragmentación y deterioro. Los suelos se destinaron a la actividad ganadera y agrícola, con labranza tradicional, favoreciendo procesos de erosión hídrica. La Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo es ampliamente utilizada para predecir la pérdida de suelo, siendo el Factor C de cobertura vegetal uno de los principales componentes. Para su determinación pueden utilizarse imágenes satelitales, siendo el objetivo de este trabajo obtenerlo en un sitio de la Cuña Boscosa. Para lograrlo, se delimitó una microcuenca con Sistemas de Información Geográfica e información satelital. Se identificaron sectores según el uso del suelo y se obtuvo el Factor C utilizando Índices de Vegetación Diferencial Normalizada a partir de doce imágenes del período de julio de 2020 a mayo de 2021. Los valores obtenidos también fueron comparados con las precipitaciones diarias de la zona. Como resultados se generaron mapas del Factor C en cada fecha y de los valores promedios para el total de las imágenes. Aunque el Factor C promedio en sectores de vegetación natural fue similar al del sector cultivado, este último presentó una mayor variación que acompañó al desarrollo de los cultivos. Además, las tierras cultivadas presentaron menor cobertura vegetal en los períodos de mayores precipitaciones, dejando al suelo expuesto al efecto erosivo de la lluvia. Esta metodología es promisoria para cuantificar el Factor C durante el ciclo de un cultivo y evaluar su dinamismo espacio-temporal, pero deberá validarse con datos de campo.; The Cuña Boscosa Santafesina has suffered deforestation that caused fragmentation and deterioration. The soils were used for livestock and agricultural activities with traditional tillage, favouring water erosion processes. The Universal Soil Loss Equation is widely used to predict soil loss, with C factor (cover and management) being one of the main components. For its determination, satellite imagery can be used, being the objective of this paper to obtain it for a site of the Cuña Boscosa. To achieve this, a micro-basin was delimited with Geographic Information Systems and satellite information. Sectors were identified according to the land use and the C factor was obtained using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of twelve images from the period July 2020 to May 2021. The values obtained was compared with daily rainfall in the area. As results, C factor maps were generated for each date and for the average value of the period studied. Although the average C factor in sectors of natural vegetation was similar to that of the cultivated sector, the latter presented a greater variation that accompanied the development of the crops. In addition, cultivated land had less vegetal cover in periods of higher rainfall, leaving the ground exposed to the erosive effect of the rain. This methodology is promising for quantifying C factor during a crop cycle and evaluate is spatio-temporal dynamism, but it must be validated with field data.

Powdered Beverage from Native Plants from Argentina (Zuccagnia punctata and Solanum betaceum) Obtained by Spray-Drying: A Promising Source of Antioxidant Compounds Correa Uriburu, Florencia Maria; Zampini, Iris Catiana; Maldonado, Luis Maria; Gomez Mattson, Milagros Lucia; Salvatori, Daniela Marisol; Isla, Maria Ines In previous studies, the Argentinean native plants called Zuccagnia punctata (jarilla, pus pus, lata) and Solanum betaceum (chilto, tree tomato) were reported as new natural sources of antioxidant compounds, mainly chalcones, anthocyanins and rosmarinic acid derivates. The present study deals with the production of antioxidant beverages of Z. punctata (Zp) extract and chilto juice with honey as sweetener. A Zp extract and red chilto juice were obtained according to Food Code and characterized. The beverages were formulated by using maltodextrin (MD) with two dextrose equivalents (DE), 10 and 15, and then spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 130 °C. The physicochemical, microscopical, phytochemical and functional characteristics of the powders were surveyed. The experiments carried out showed good physical properties for both formulations showing high water solubility with adequate features for handling, transport and storage. The chromatic parameters of both powdered beverages indicate orange–pink tones regardless of the wall material used. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content in the beverages were kept after spray-drying (92 and 100%, respectively). The anthocyanins were less stable under drying conditions (yield 58%). Both powdered beverages showed high scavenger capacity on ABTS•+, HO• and H2O2 (SC50 between 3.29 to 41.05 µg GAE/mL) and were able to inhibit xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity (CI50 between 91.35 and 114.43 µg GAE/mL). The beverages were neither toxic nor mutagenic in the concentration range with biological activity. The results obtained in the present work scientifically support the use of the powdered beverages of Argentinean native plants as antioxidant.

IFN-γ and IL-10: seric and placental profile during pig gestation Seric and placental cytokines in pig gestation Velez, Carolina; Clauzure, Mariangeles; Williamson, Delia Maria; Koncurat, Mirta Adriana; Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo Concentration of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 in maternal serum and in maternal and fetal porcine placental extracts from different gestation periods was determined. Crossbred pigs’ placental samples of 17, 30, 60, 70, and 114 days gestation and non-pregnant uteri were used. Interferon-gamma concentration was increased at the placental interface at 17 days, in maternal and fetal placenta, and decreased significantly in the remaining gestation periods. Interferon-gamma showed a peak in serum at 60 days. Regarding interleukin-10, placental tissue concentrations were unaltered, there were no significant differences with non-gestating uteri samples. In serum interleukin-10 increased at 17, 60, and 114 days gestation. At 17 days there are uterus structural and molecular changes that allow the embryos implantation and placenta development. The presence of interferon-gamma found at this moment in the interface would favor that placental growth. Moreover, its significant increase in serum at 60 days, would generate a proinflammatory cytokine pattern that facility the placental remodeling characteristic of this moment of porcine gestation. On the other hand, a significant interleukin-10 increase in serum at 17, 60 and 114 days could indicate its immunoregulatory role at a systemic level during pig gestation.

Body mass index, weight, and height percentiles in school-aged children from Mendoza. A comparison with the WHO reference Garraza, Mariela; Gauna, María E.; Torres, María Fernanda; Navazo, Bárbara; Quintero, Fabián A.; Bergel Sanchís, María Laura; Cesani Rossi, María Florencia Introduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of reference tables to monitor the growth pattern and nutritional status of children and adolescents. Body mass index (BMI), weight, and height are the most commonly used variables. The objective of this study was to estimate the BMI, weight, and height percentiles for school-aged children (2009-2011) living in the department of San Rafael (Mendoza) and compare them to the international World Health Organization reference to establish their relevance for the evaluation of the growth pattern and nutritional status of this population. Population and methods. A cross-sectional anthropometric study was conducted in 3448 school-aged children aged 4.00 to 13.49 years. The LMS ChartMarker Pro software was used to estimate the BMIfor- age, weight-for-age, and height-for-age percentiles, by sex and age, and they were compared with the WHO curves. Besides, percentage differences (%D) were calculated to estimate the differences and their statistical significance using the Wilcoxon test. Results. The population of boys and girls in San Rafael showed higher weight and BMI (%D ≈ 7% and 9%, respectively) percentiles, and lower height (%D ≈ 0.8%) values than WHO reference (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The differences found warn about the use of the WHO reference in the school-aged population of San Rafael since it would overestimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and chronic malnutrition and underestimate the prevalence of acute and global malnutrition. This situation highlights the importance of having a local reference resource.