El libro como paradigma de lectura unitaria de las historias del Ms. Esc. h-I-13 en el contexto de los estudios actuales sobre miscelánea medieval; The book as a paradigm of unitary reading of the stories of Escorial Ms. H-I-13 Zubillaga, Carina Alejandra A partir del análisis de la figura del libro que cierra la vida de santa Marta que integra el Ms. h-I-13 de la Biblioteca de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, y que remite a su muerte como paradigma de vida cristiana que se reitera en los demás protagonistas de las historias que asimismo componen el códice, el presente trabajo ahonda en la función prologal y la propuesta de lectura de esa imagen del libro santo, en su asociación con los manuscritos misceláneos en la Edad Media y los estudios actuales acerca de la producción, la transmisión y la recepción de los códices que reúnen varios textos.; Based on the analysis of the figure of the book that closes the life of Saint Marta that is part of Escorial Manuscript h-I-13, and that refers to her death as a paradigm of Christian life that is reiterated in the other protagonists of the stories that also make up the codex, this work delves into the prologue function and the reading proposal of that image of the holy book, in its association with miscellaneous manuscripts in the Middle Ages and current studies about production, transmission and reception of codices that bring together various texts.

Metals, pesticides, and emerging contaminants on water bodies from agricultural areas and the effects on a native amphibian Peluso, Julieta; Martínez Chehda, Agostina; Olivelli, Melisa Soledad; Ivanic, Federico Martín; Perez Coll, Cristina Silvia; Gonzalez, Florencia; Valenzuela, Lautaro; Cristos, Diego Sebastián; Rojas, Dante Emanuel; Butler, Matias; Candal, Roberto Jorge; Aronzon, Carolina Mariel In the Paraná River lower basin, an important agro-productive area of Argentina, crop fields and cattle breeding activities are common and may affect water quality. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the impacts of cattle breeding and agricultural activities on a stream from Buenos Aires, through physicochemical parameters (metals, pesticides, and emerging contaminants) and ecotoxicological parameters with Rhinella arenarum larvae, a native amphibian species. Three sites were selected on an ordinary plain stream that goes through agricultural fields and a cattle breeding establishment (upstream ?S1-, near ?S2- and downstream ?S3- the establishment). Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ (in water) and in laboratory (in water and sediment samples: metals, pesticides, ivermectin and oxytetracycline). A semi-static chronic toxicity bioassay (504 h) was performed with water samples, and neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers were measured after acute exposure (96 h). According to the index, a degradation in the water quality was observed in all sites. Ivermectin (8.03 mg/kg) and oxytetracycline (1.9 mg/kg) were detected in sediment samples from S2. Pesticides were detected in all sites, mainly in water samples: S1 presented the highest variability (7 residues) and in S3 AMPA, glyphosate and acetochlor concentrations were higher (10.3, 22.4 and 23.8 μg/L). Also, all sites significantly produced lethality at chronic exposure. Lethality at 504h was 40% for S1, 56.66% for S2 and 93.33% for S3. At acute exposure, the oxidative stress biomarkers were altered on R. arenarum larvae exposed to all sites and the neurotoxicity biomarkers were altered on larvae exposed to S1 and S3. Water quality was severely degraded by the surrounding agricultural and cattle breeding activities, which may represent a threat to the ecosystems.

Cuatro ideas para pensar la relación entre plataformas digitales y territorio Lerena Rongvaux, Natalia María El artículo presenta cuatro ideas abiertas que invitan a desafiar nuestra imaginación geográfica para pensar la emergencia de las plataformas en la producción y el espacio de la vida cotidiana. Las plataformas están reconfigurando los espacios de acumulación capitalista, y les usuaries producimos valor con nuestra sola existencia y circulación, a través de cartografías vivas. El “urbanismo de plataformas” impulsa nuevas formas de uso, apropiación y mercantilización del espacio público, doméstico e invita a repensar las geografías de la vida cotidiana. Pero las transformaciones sociales y territoriales nunca van en un solo sentido: en la medida en que las plataformas se despliegan en territorios realmente existentes, son reguladas, transformadas, contestadas y hackeadas. En términos más abstractos, las plataformas nos desafían a sumar dimensiones para pensar la producción del espacio, por ejemplo, a través de espacios sociales híbridos.

Tortura del cuerpo e identidad comunitaria cristiana en el martirio de santa Catalina de Alejandría Zubillaga, Carina Alejandra La proyección como ideal comunitario cristiano del martirio de santa Catalina de Alejandría que forma parte del Ms. h-I-13 de la Biblioteca de San Lorenzo de El Escorial se analiza en el presente trabajo a partir de la tortura corporal no solo de la mártir, sino de aquellos personajes ligados al poder imperial que son asimismo martirizados, como los cincuenta sabios que contienden intelectualmente con la doncella, la propia esposa del emperador y el jefe del ejército con sus hombres. Las imágenes de fragmentación y reconstrucción corporal que configuran esta passio remiten a la Pasión de Cristo como modelo de redención y destacan su capacidad fecunda y su naturaleza testimonial, frente a las imágenes de un poder político imperial decadente y resquebrajado internamente.; This paper analyses the projection of the martyrdom of Saint Catherine of Alexandria that is part of Escorial MS h-I-13 as a Christian community ideal based on the corporal torture, not only of the martyr but of those characters linked to the imperial power who are also martyred, such as the 50 sages who intellectually contend with the maiden, the emperor’s wife and the head of the army with his men. The images of fragmentation and corporal reconstruction that make up this passio refer to the Passion of Christ as a model of redemption and highlight its fruitful capacity and its testimonial nature, compared to the images of a decaying and internally cracked imperial political power.

Shade avoidance in the context of climate change Casal, Jorge José; Fankhauser, Christian When exposed to changes in the light environment caused by neighboring vegetation, shade-avoiding plants modify their growth and/or developmental patterns to access more sunlight. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), neighbor cues reduce the activity of the photosensory receptors phytochrome B (phyB) and cryptochrome 1, releasing photoreceptor repression imposed on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) and leading to transcriptional reprogramming. The phyB-PIF hub is at the core of all shade-avoidance responses, whilst other photosensory receptors and transcription factors contribute in a context-specific manner. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 is a master regulator of this hub, indirectly stabilizing PIFs and targeting negative regulators of shade avoidance for degradation. Warm temperatures reduce the activity of phyB, which operates as a temperature sensor and further increases the activities of PIF4 and PIF7 by independent temperature sensing mechanisms. The signaling network controlling shade avoidance is not buffered against climate change; rather, it integrates information about shade, temperature, salinity, drought, and likely flooding. We, therefore, predict that climate change will exacerbate shade-induced growth responses in some regions of the planet while limiting the growth potential in others.

Lithium fluoride dissolution in sulfuric acid solution: Optimization and application in the extraction of lithium from fluorinated α-spodumene Resentera Beiza, Alexander Cristian Jesús; Rosales, Gustavo Daniel; Esquivel, Marcelo Ricardo Oscar; Rodriguez, Mario Humberto Fluorination processes have been presented as an alternative to Li extraction and recovery processes from minerals and electronic waste. One of the possible products is LiF, a salt insoluble in water. Depending on market demands, it may be necessary to transform it into another lithium compound for technological applications. In this work, LiF was synthesized from LiCl and HF and characterized by the XRD and Rietveld method. The dissolution of LiF in sulfuric acid solution was modeled and optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The operating parameters investigated for leaching LiF were the solid/liquid ratio (A), sulfuric acid concentration (B), and leaching time (C). A mathematical model was obtained using RSM to predict the response at any point in the experimental domain (R2 = 0.9970). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the reduced quadratic model indicated that A, B, and AB, A2, and B2 interactions were significant. The optimal conditions selected were A = 13.0 LiF g/L, B = 5% v/v and C = 15 min to obtain a LiF dissolution of 100 ± 1% in sulfuric acid. Furthermore, optimal acid leaching conditions were tested on the fluorination products of α-spodumene with NaF. The results indicated that 98 ± 3% of the LiF in the fluorination products dissolves in the acid medium, in agreement with RSM. These results indicate the potential to double the solid/liquid ratio and halve the acid concentration and time to leach lithium from fluorinated α-spodumene, compared to other reported processes.

Some essential issues in cancer biology Gandia, Daniel Enrique; Suárez, Cecilia Ana The search for a definitive cure for cancer is one of the most exciting challenges in the fields of genetics, cell biology, and tissue research. Cancer is a group of many different diseases with the ability to invade peripheral tissues and to metastasize to other parts of the body (with rare exceptions, such as glioma, which does not metastasize). In precision medicine, next-generation genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are now using to better elucidate the unique characteristics of a patient’s cancer for developing tailored and personalized treatment plans. Here, we describe some of the biological and molecular aspects of cancer that warrant special attention and support this new approach to care.

Microscopic lesions and modulation of gene expression in cervical medulla during BoAHV-1and BoAHV-5 infection: A mini-review Marin, Maia Solange; Rensetti, Daniel Ernesto; Burucúa, Mercedes María; Rosales, Juan José; Martinez Cuesta, Lucia; Pérez, Sandra Elizabeth Bovine herpesvirus (BoAHV) types 1 and 5 are closely-related neurotropic alpha-herpesviruses. BoAHV-1 generally causes respiratory and genital disease but can occasionally cause encephalitis. BoAHV-5 is the causative agent of non suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves. During neuroinvasion, both viruses reach the central and peripheral nervous system. While brain alterations are well-described, the changes that occur in the medulla have not been fully detailed. In this work, we integrated and analyzed the virological findings, the microscopic lesions and the changes that occur in the expression of genes related to the innate immunity, cell cycle and apoptosis in the cervical medulla of calves experimentally-infected with BoAHV-1 and BoAHV-5. This will contribute to the understanding of the differential neuropathogenesis of these alpha-herpesviruses of cattle.

Long-term stability in the circumpolar foraging range of a Southern Ocean predator between the eras of whaling and rapid climate change Derville, Solène; Torres, Leigh G.; Newsome, Seth Darnaby; Somes, Christopher J.; Valenzuela, Luciano Oscar; Vander Zanden, Hannah B.; Baker, C. Scott; Bérubé, Martine; Busquets-Vass, Geraldine; Carlyon, Kris; Childerhouse, Simon J.; Constantine, Rochelle; Dunshea, Glenn; Flores, Paulo A. C.; Goldsworthy, Simon D.; Graham, Brittany; Groch, Karina; Gröcke, Darren R.; Harcourt, Robert; Hindell, Mark A.; Hulva, Pavel; Jackson, Jennifer A.; Kennedy, Amy S.; Lundquist, David; Mackay, Alice I.; Neveceralova, Petra; Oliveira, Larissa; Ott, Paulo H.; Palsbøll, Per J.; Patenaude, Nathalie J.; Rowntree, Victoria; Sironi, Mariano; Vermeuelen, Els; Watson, Mandy; Zerbini, Alexandre; Carroll, Emma L. Assessing environmental changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems is difficult due to its remoteness and data sparsity. Monitoring marine predators that respond rapidly to environmental variation may enable us to track anthropogenic effects on ecosystems. Yet, many long-term datasets of marine predators are incomplete because they are spatially constrained and/or track ecosystems already modified by industrial fishing and whaling in the latter half of the 20th century. Here, we assess the contemporary offshore distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator, the southern right whale (SRW, Eubalaena australis), that forages on copepods and krill from ~30°S to the Antarctic ice edge (>60°S). We analyzed carbon and nitrogen isotope values of 1,002 skin samples from six genetically distinct SRW populations using a customized assignment approach that accounts for temporal and spatial variation in the Southern Ocean phytoplankton isoscape. Over the past three decades, SRWs increased their use of mid-latitude foraging grounds in the south Atlantic and southwest (SW) Indian oceans in the late austral summer and autumn and slightly increased their use of high-latitude (>60°S) foraging grounds in the SW Pacific, coincident with observed changes in prey distribution and abundance on a circumpolar scale. Comparing foraging assignments with whaling records since the 18th century showed remarkable stability in use of mid-latitude foraging areas. We attribute this consistency across four centuries to the physical stability of ocean fronts and resulting productivity in mid-latitude ecosystems of the Southern Ocean compared with polar regions that may be more influenced by recent climate change.

The protective role of the microenvironment in hairy cell leukemia treatment: Facts and perspectives Gargiulo, Ernesto; Giordano, Mirta Nilda; Niemann, Carsten U.; Moussay, Etienne; Paggetti, Jérôme; Morande, Pablo Elías Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an incurable, rare lymphoproliferative hematological malignancy of mature B cAlthough first line therapy with purine analogues leads to positive results, almost half of HCL patients relapse after 5-10 years, and standard treatment may not be an option due to intolerance or refractoriness. Proliferation and survival of HCL cells is regulated by surrounding accessory cells and soluble signals present in the tumor microenvironment, which actively contributes to disease progression. In vitro studies show that different therapeutic approaches tested in HCL impact the tumor microenvironment, and that this milieu offers a protection affecting treatment efficacy. Herein we explore the effects of the tumor microenvironment to different approved and experimental therapeutic options for HCL. Dissecting the complex interactions between leukemia cells and their milieu will be essential to develop new targeted therapies for HCL patients.

Promoting spontaneous analogical transfer by idealizing target representations Trench, Juan Maximo; Tavernini, Lucía Micaela; Goldstone, Robert L. Recent results demonstrate that inducing an abstract representation of target analogs at retrieval time aids access to analogous situations with mismatching surface features (i.e., the late abstraction principle). A limitation of current implementations of this principle is that they either require the external provision of target-specific information or demand very high intellectual effort. Experiment 1 demonstrated that constructing an idealized situation model of a target problem increases the rate of correct solutions compared with constructing either concrete simulations or no simulations. Experiment 2 confirmed that these results were based on an advantage for accessing the base analog, and not merely an advantage of idealized simulations for understanding the target problem in its own terms. This target idealization strategy has broader applicability than prior interventions based on the late abstraction principle because it can be achieved by a greater proportion of participants and without the need to receive target-specific information. We present a computational model, SampComp, that predicts successful retrieval of a stored situation to understand a target based on the overlap of a random, but potentially biased, sample of features from each. SampComp is able to account for the relative benefits of base and target idealization, and their interaction.

Chemical Profile and Biological Potential of Hornodermoporus martius (Agaricomycetes) from Paraguay Campi Gaona, Michelle Geraldine; Mancuello, Claudia; Ferreira, Francisco; Ferreira, Williams; Maubet, Yanine; Cristaldo, Enzo; Vantrate, Braulio; Benítez, Darío; Granados, Alejandro Manuel; Robledo, Gerardo Lucio To further knowledge of the biological activity of native neotropical fungal species, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition and microbiological activity of Hornodermoporus martius. Ethanol, hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate fractions and the water residue were analyzed and resulted in a total phenolic compound content between 13 and 63 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of crude extract. The total antioxidants ranged between 3 and 19 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of crude extract, and the percentage of antioxidant activity was determined to be between 6 and 25%. A preliminary profile of compounds is provided for the first time for the species; the results from the nonpolar fraction showcased the presence of saturated and unsaturated acids, fatty alcohol, sterols, and cis-vaccenic acid. Our findings also revealed antimicrobial properties from compounds within the hexane and diethyl ether fractions at concentrations of 1 mg mL–1, which inhibited the growth of certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. For the first time in academic literature, our work analyzed and documented the chemical characteristics and microbial properties of H. martius, suggesting potential for medicinal applications.

Usos medicinales y alimenticios de flora introducida en el Chaco Seco argentino: Contrastes entre el conocimiento local y el científico; Medicinal and nutritional uses of flora introduced in the Argentine Dry Chaco: Contrasts between local and scientific knowledge Manzano García, Jessica; Jiménez Escobar, Néstor David; Martínez, Gustavo Javier; Luján, María Claudia Las especies introducidas generan preocupación mundial debido a que en muchos casos manifiestan su potencialidad como invasoras. Sin embargo, poco se conoce su importancia sociocultural e interacción biocultural. Por medio de entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, caminatas guiadas y observación participante se indagó sobre los principales usos y las valoraciones culturales de las plantas biogeográficamente introducidas en localidades del Chaco Seco (Catamarca y Córdoba). Se documentaron un total de 53 especies, 18 con uso medicinal y 40 alimenticias. Los tratamientos más recurrentes corresponden a trastornos digestivos y afecciones respiratorias; en las alimenticias se destacan aquellas de consumo directo. La mayoría de taxones con aplicaciones terapéuticas locales, coinciden con estudios teóricos sobre principios activos y sus efectos curativos. Finalmente, se concluye que, el origen biogeográfico de las especies es independiente de las valoraciones culturales mientras sean potencialmente aprovechables, además de reconocer que los conocimientos etnobotánicos basados en la experiencia fundamentan los usos encontrados desde la academia.; Introduced species generate worldwide concern due to in many cases manifest their potential as invasive as invasives. However, little is known about its sociocultural importance and biocultural interaction. Through open and semi-structured interviews, guided walks and participant observation, the main uses and cultural valuations of biogeographically introduced plants in localities of the Dry Chaco (Catamarca and Córdoba) were investigated. A total of 53 species were documented, 18 with medicinal use and 40 for food. The most recurrent treatments correspond to digestive disorders and respiratory conditions; in food, those for direct consumption stand out. Most taxa with local therapeutic applications coincide with theoretical studies on active principles and their curative effects. Finally, it is concluded that the biogeographic origin of the species is independent of the cultural valuations as long as they are potentially usable, in addition to recognizing that ethnobotanical knowledge based on experience supports the uses found from the academy.

El Patrimonio cultural de la humanidad, el derecho al servicio de la creación de un común global; Cultural Heritage: law in the service of the creation of a global commons Levrand, Norma Elizabeth El proceso de reconocimiento y consolidación del patrimonio histórico y artístico se desarrolló en el ámbito jurídico sub-nacional hasta mediados del siglo XX.La destrucción y los despojos producidos por la II Guerra Mundial alertaron a la comunidad internacional sobre la necesidad de establecer un régimen jurídico que resguarde los bienes culturales. Desde entonces, diversos organismos internacionales y regionales, entre los que se destaca la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO, por sus siglas en inglés), han elaborado un conjunto de documentos internacionales dedicados a tal fin. Este trabajo propone un análisis de los dispositivos jurídicos presentes en los principales instrumentos normativos internacionales, focalizado a aquellos que posibilitaron crear y gobernar el patrimonio cultural como un bien común global. En particular se examinan la Convención del Patrimonio Mundial, Cultural y Natural, que cumple 50 años de vigencia y la Convención para la Salvaguarda del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial, ambas adoptadas en el marco de la UNESCO.; The process of recognition and consolidation of historical and artistic heritage developed at the sub-national legal level until the middle of the 20th century. The destruction and destruction caused by World War II alerted the international community to the need to establish a legal regime to protect cultural property. Since then, a number of international and regional organizations, including the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), have produced a series of international documents to this end. This paper proposes an analysis of the legal mechanisms present in the main international normative instruments, focusing on those that have made it possible to create and govern cultural heritage as a global common good. In particular, it examines the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Convention, which has been in force for 50 years, and the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, both adopted within the framework of UNESCO.

Uncovering aquatic diversity patterns in two Patagonian glacial lakes: does habitat heterogeneity matter? Miserendino, Maria Laura; Epele, Luis Beltran; Brand, Cecilia; Uyua, Noelia Mariel; Santinelli, Norma Herminia; Sastre, Alicia Viviana Glacially-influenced lakes are responding to global warming, improving our understanding of these threatened ecosystems is globally imperative especially at southern hemisphere areas like Patagonia. We compared environmental parameters, phytoplankton and littoral benthic macroinvertebrates at two lakes fed by retreating glaciers: El Antiguo (proglacial) and Bagillt (glacial). Our prediction was that differences in water temperature, nutrients, food resources and spatial heterogeneity will modulate aquatic diversity facets. Harsher environmental conditions were recorded at the proglacial lake, including colder water, lower availability of allochthonous resources, and lower pH; but no differences existed in total suspended solids, chlorophyll a, and nutrients. The phytoplankton community (23 taxa) was dominated by Coscinodiscophyceae and Fragilariophyceae at El Antiguo, whereas at Bagillt (20 taxa) Bacillariophyceae and Zygnemathophyceae were the richest groups. The glacial lake included aquatic insects, amphipods, leeches, and mollusks, exhibiting a significantly higher invertebrate richness than the proglacial lake (33 and 8 taxa, respectively). The latter was dominated by Podonominae and Diamesinae (Chironomidae, Diptera). The turnover component of within lakes beta diversity was consistently higher at Bagillt than at El Antiguo. Long-term approaches could clarify whether the expected compositional changes recorded in the northern hemisphere’s aquatic communities correspond to southern hemisphere patterns.

Las lógicas de la diplomacia económica instrumental en las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas (2017-2022); The logics of instrumental economic diplomacy in contemporary international relations (2017-2022) Zelicovich, Julieta En el marco de las transformaciones del orden internacional un fenómeno con creciente ocurrencia es el de la subordinación de los flujos comerciales y financieros a metas no económicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender las características de ese uso instrumental de las relaciones económicas internacionales en el período reciente (2017-2022). Se argumenta que en estos años se produjo un despliegue de la diplomacia económica instrumental, apoyado en discursos que postulan un vínculo necesario entre la política económica, la seguridad internacional y la política estratégica; y en la ampliación de las competencias de los gobiernos para intervenir sobre los flujos económicos. El artículo revisa los debates conceptuales en torno a diplomacia económica instrumental y geoeconomía; para buscar sistematizar los rasgos de estas prácticas y proceder a su estudio empírico. Se analizan tres casos claves: EEUU, China y Unión Europea. De las regularidades identificadas se desprende una agenda de investigación.; Amid the transformations of the international order, the subordination of commercial and financial flows to non-economic goal is a phenomenon with increasing occurrences. The objective of this work is to understand the characteristics of this instrumental use of international economic relations in the recent period (2017-2022). It is argued that in these years there has been a deployment of instrumental economic diplomacy, supported both by discourses that postulate a necessary link between economic policy, international security and strategic policy; and by the expansion of the capacity of governments to intervene in the economic flows. The article reviews the conceptual debates around instrumental economic diplomacy and geoeconomics; to seek to systematize the features of these practices and proceed to their empirical study. Three key cases are analyzed: the USA, China and the European Union. A research agenda emerges from the identified regularities.

AI in User Interface Design and Evaluation Grigera, Julián; Espada, Jordan Pascual; Rossi, Gustavo Héctor Designing and evaluating user interfaces is a complex task. The current focus on user experience (UX) demands user-centered processes that take considerable time and resources, and thus collide with the fast-paced agile methodologies that currently dominate the industry. In this context, academia and industry have proposed the automation of different tasks in the design and evaluation user interfaces (UIs) like prototyping and user testing. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as machine learning have been a considerable help to achieve this. The articles featured in this special issue describe original proposals in the use of AI for UI and user behavior evaluation.

A new species of land planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from the Amazonian lowlands, Peru Negrete, Lisandro Hector Luis; Vega Tuesta, Leyli; Brusa, Francisco Notogynaphallia urku sp. nov. is here described from the north-east region of Peru, in the Amazonian lowlands. Specimens of the new species are flattened, up to 120 mm long, and characterised by their dorsal colouration consisting of a median band of melon yellow, on which run two irregular longitudinal stripes formed by tiny jet black dots; cephalic region with two para-median stripes forming a ‘V’; two green beige lateral bands with jet black pigment covering a large part of these bands, in the form of large circular or irregular spots that reach the posterior end of the body; marginal stripes with antique pink pigment; ventral surface ivory with antique pink margins, except for the cephalic region, whose margins are jet black. This species represents the second record of Notogynaphallia in Peru and exhibits some similarities regarding external features and internal anatomy to species found in Paraguay and Argentina, with which it is compared.

Tritrichomonas foetus Cell Division Involves DNA Endoreplication and Multiple Fissions Iriarte, Lucrecia Soledad; Martínez, Cristian Iván; de Miguel, Natalia; Cóceres, Verónica Mabel Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis are extracellular flagellated parasites that inhabit animals and humans, respectively. Cell division is a crucial process in most living organisms that leads to the formation of 2 daughter cells from a single mother cell. It has been assumed that T. vaginalis and T. foetus modes of reproduction are exclusively by binary fission. However, here, we showed that multinuclearity is a phenomenon regularly observed in different T. foetus and T. vaginalis strains in standard culture conditions. Additionally, we revealed that nutritional depletion or nutritional deprivation led to different dormant phenotypes. Although multinucleated T. foetus are mostly observed during nutritional depletion, numerous cells with 1 larger nucleus have been observed under nutritional deprivation conditions. In both cases, when the standard culture media conditions are restored, the cytoplasm of these multinucleated cells separates, and numerous parasites are generated in a short period of time by the fission multiple. We also revealed that DNA endoreplication occurs both in large and multiple nuclei of parasites under nutritional deprivation and depletion conditions, suggesting an important function in stress nutritional situations. These results provide valuable data about the cell division process of these extracellular parasites.

Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Anti-HT-29 Colorectal Cell Line Activity of Novel 8-Oxyquinolinate-Platinum(II)-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Targeted with Riboflavin Boztepe, Tugce; Scioli Montoto, Sebastián; Gambaro, Rocío Celeste; Ruiz, María Esperanza; Cabrera, Silvia; Alemán, José; Islan, German Abel; Castro, Guillermo Raul; Leon, Ignacio Esteban Colorectal cancer is occasionally called colon or rectal cancer, depending on where cancer begins to form, and is the second leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. The platinum-based [PtCl(8-O-quinolinate)(dmso)] (8-QO-Pt) compound has demonstrated encouraging anticancer activity. Three different systems of 8-QO-Pt-encapsulated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) with riboflavin (RFV) were investigated. NLCs of myristyl myristate were synthesized by ultrasonication in the presence of RFV. RFV-decorated nanoparticles displayed a spherical shape and a narrow size dispersion in the range of 144–175 nm mean particle diameter. The 8-QO-Pt-loaded formulations of NLC/RFV with more than 70% encapsulation efficiency showed sustained in vitro release for 24 h. Cytotoxicity, cell uptake, and apoptosis were evaluated in the HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. The results revealed that 8-QO-Pt-loaded formulations of NLC/RFV showed higher cytotoxicity than the free 8-QO-Pt compound at 5.0 µM. All three systems exhibited different levels of cellular internalization. Moreover, the hemotoxicity assay showed the safety profile of the formulations (less than 3.7%). Taken together, RFV-targeted NLC systems for drug delivery have been investigated for the first time in our study and the results are promising for the future of chemotherapy in colon cancer treatment.