Impact of nanosilver surface electronic distributions on serum protein interactions and hemocompatibility Rivero, Paula Sofia; Pistonesi, Denise Belén; Belén, Federico; Centurión, María Eugenia; Benedini, Luciano Alejandro; Rauschemberger, María Belén; Messina, Paula Verónica The translation of silver-based nanotechnology 'from bench to bedside' requires a deep understanding of the molecular aspects of its biological action, which remains controversial at low concentrations and non-spherical morphologies. Here, we present a hemocompatibility approach based on the effect of the distinctive electronic charge distribution in silver nanoparticles (nanosilver) on blood components. According to spectroscopic, volumetric, microscopic, dynamic light scattering measurements, pro-coagulant activity tests, and cellular inspection, we determine that at extremely low nanosilver concentrations (0.125–2.5 μg ml−1), there is a relevant interaction effect on the serum albumin and red blood cells (RBCs). This explanation has its origin in the surface charge distribution of nanosilver particles and their electron-mediated energy transfer mechanism. Prism-shaped nanoparticles, with anisotropic charge distributions, act at the surface level, generating a compaction of the native protein molecule. In contrast, the spherical nanosilver particle, by exhibiting isotropic surface charge, generates a polar environment comparable to the solvent. Both morphologies induce aggregation at NPs/bovine serum albumin ≈ 0.044 molar ratio values without altering the coagulation cascade tests; however, the spherical-shaped nanosilver exerts a negative impact on RBCs. Overall, our results suggest that the electron distributions of nanosilver particles, even at extremely low concentrations, are a critical factor influencing the molecular structure of blood proteins' and RBCs' membranes. Isotropic forms of nanosilver should be considered with caution, as they are not always the least harmful.

Perfectly Accurate Membership Inference by a Dishonest Central Server in Federated Learnin Pichler, Georg; Romanelli, Marco; Rey Vega, Leonardo Javier; Piantanida, Pablo Federated Learning is expected to provide strong privacy guarantees, as only gradients or model parameters but no plain text training data is ever exchanged either between the clients or between the clients and the central server. In this paper, we challenge this claim by introducing a simple but still very effective membership inference attack algorithm, which relies only on a single training step. In contrast to the popular honest-but-curious model, we investigate a framework with a dishonest central server. Our strategy is applicable to models with ReLU activations and uses the properties of this activation function to achieve perfect accuracy. Empirical evaluation on visual classification tasks with MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and CelebA datasets show that our method provides perfect accuracy in identifying one sample in a training set with thousands of samples. Occasional failures of our method lead us to discover duplicate images in the CIFAR100 and CelebA datasets.

Maritime Historical Cultural Heritage: Puerto Madryn City as a Case Study from Patagonia, Argentina Gutiérrez, Guillermo; Elkin, Dolores Carolina This article focuses on the Maritime Historical Cultural Heritage (herein after MHCH) of Puerto Madryn. This city, located in Argentinean Patagonia, on the coast of the Nuevo Gulf, is a natural harbor with a rich history of seafaring. Since the 2000s, Argentina’s Underwater Archaeology Program of the National Institute of Anthropology and Latin American Thought (herein after PPROAS-INAPL), has been dedicated to the research and management of archaeological shipwreck sites located on the city’s foreshore, in the Nuevo Gulf, and other locations outside the city limits. In this article, the results of the studies carried out between 2018 and 2024 are presented. The primary aim was to broaden the knowledge of the MHCH of Puerto Madryn, focusing on shipwrecks. The specific objectives include classifying and characterizing the MHCH in a systematic manner, identifying the stakeholders’ interests in this heritage, understanding the various values assigned to the shipwrecks and the threats to their preservation. Based on the information gathered, a set of proposals for heritage activation oriented towards the enjoyment, interpretation and conservation of the MHCH is presented. This approach is innovative in South America for the topic under study.

Cambios en el régimen de tenencia de la tierra en la región pampeana (1988-2018); Changes in the land tenure regime in the Pampas region (1988-2018) Fernández, Diego Ariel; Buet, Luciano Baltazar Este trabajo se propone cuantificar los cambios operados en el régimen de tenencia del suelo pampeano entre 1988 y 2018, y su imbricación con el proceso de concentración productiva regional, con énfasis en lo concerniente a la evolución más reciente. Para ello, se solicitó al INDEC información pertinente del Censo Nacional Agropecuario 2018, la que fue procesada y agrupada de tal forma que permitiera analizar las variaciones en la relación con la tenencia de la tierra por la que optan productores de distinta escala. El análisis, realizado tanto a nivel regional como subregional, encuentra que la tendencia en favor del alquiler se ha intensificado, y que este crecimiento es explicado casi en su totalidad por las EAP de mayores dimensiones, información que puede resultar relevante en el diseño de políticas agrarias.; This work aims to quantify the changes that occurred in the Pampas land tenure regime between 1988 and 2018 and its interweaving with the process of regional productive concentration, with emphasis on the most recent evolution. To do this, relevant information from the 2018 National Agricultural Census that was not published was requested from INDEC, which was processed and grouped in such a way that it allows analyzing the variations in the relation with land tenure that producers of different size choose. The analysis, carried out both at the regional and subregional level, finds that the trend in favor of rentals has intensified, and this growth is almost entirely explained by the larger EAPs. This results may be relevant in the design of agricultural policies.

Las disputas políticas e ideológicas de nuestro tiempo: La democracia en cuestión; The political and ideological disputes of our time: Democracy in question; As disputas políticas e ideológicas de nosso tempo: A democracia em questão Wegelin, Lucía; Ipar, Ezequiel; Cuesta, Micaela En este texto analizamos algunos datos de una encuesta probabilística denominada “La legitimidad de la democracia en crisis”, realizada por el LEDA en colaboración con el CELS en septiembre de 2023. Nos detenemos en la lectura del Índice de Neoliberalismo y el Índice de Riesgo democrático, en tanto contribuyen a la interpretación de los resultados electorales de las elecciones presidenciales, siendo también centrales a la hora de comprender los desafíos político-ideológicos a los que se enfrenta la democracia argentina.; In this article we analyze data produced through a probabilistic survey called “The legitimacy of democracy in crisis”, carried out by LEDA in collaboration with CELS in September 2023. We focus on the reading of Neoliberalism Index and Democratic Risk Index, insofar as they contribute to electoral results’s interpretations, but are also central when it comes to understanding the political-ideological challenges that Argentine democracy faces.; Neste texto, analisamos alguns dados de uma pesquisa probabilística chamada «A legitimidade da democracia em crise», realizada pelo LEDA em colaboração com o CELS em setembro de 2023. Nós focamos na leitura do Índice de Neoliberalismo e do Índice de Risco Democrático, enquanto contribuem para a interpretação dos resultados eleitorais das eleições presidenciais, mas também são centrais na hora de compreender os desafios político-ideológicos que a democracia argentina enfrenta.

The fate of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in the pulp of eight native Brazilian and exotic fruits Silva, Beatriz S.; Amorim Neto, Dionisio P.; Pia, Arthur K.R.; Campagnollo, Fernanda B.; Furtado, Marianna M.; Carvalho, Ana Carolina B.R.; Oteiza, Juan Martín; Sant'Ana, Anderson de Souza Despite the wide variety of native and exotic fruits in Brazil, there is limited understanding of their ability to support pathogens during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into the pulp of eight fruits native and exotic to Brazil: Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda), Mana ´ (Solanum sessiliflorum), Caja-manga ´ (Spondias dulcis), Physalis (Physalis angulata L.), Feijoa (Acca sellowiana), Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) (average pH < 3.3) and in a low acidy fruit: Abiu (Pouteria caimito) (pH 6.11). The pathogens were inoculated into the different fruits and stored at 10, 20, 30 and 37 ◦C for up to 12 h and 6 days, respectively. Among the fruits evaluated, Abiu was the only one that allowed Salmonella growth, showing higher δ-values at 20 and 30 ◦C (5.6 log CFU/g for both temperatures). For Physalis and Feijoa, there was a small reduction in the pathogen concentration (<1 log-cycle), mainly at 10 and 20 ◦C, indicating its ability to remain in the matrices. For the other fruits, notable negative δ-values were ob tained, indicating a tendency towards microbial inactivation. The survival potential was significantly affected by temperature in Abiu, Mana´, Cupuaçu, and Caja-manga ´ (p < 0.05). The same phenomena regarding δ-value were observed for L. monocytogenes population, with the greatest survival potential observed at 20 ◦C in Abiu (3.3 log CFU/g). Regarding the exponential growth rates in Abiu, the highest values were observed at 30 and 37 ◦C, both for Salmonella (4.6 and 4.9 log (CFU/g)/day, respectively) and for L. monocytogenes (2.8 and 2.7 log (CFU/g)/ day, respectively), with no significant difference between both temperatures. Regarding microbial inactivation, L. monocytogenes showed greater resistance than Salmonella in practically all matrices. Jenipapo and Umbu were the pulps that, in general, had the greatest effect on reducing the population of pathogens. Furthermore, the increase in storage temperature seems to favor the increase on inactivation rates. In conclusion, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes can grow only in Abiu pulp, although they can survive in some acidic tropical fruits kept at refrigeration and abusive temperatures.

Naturally Occurring Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants, Fungi, Algae, and Animals: A Review of the Most Effective Inhibitors Reported in 2012-2022 Murray, Ana Paula; Biscussi, Brunella; Cavallaro, Valeria; Donozo, Martina; Rodriguez, Silvana Andrea Since the development of the “cholinergic hypothesis” as an important therapeutic approach in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the scientific community has made a remarkable effort to discover new and effective molecules with the ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The natural function of this enzyme is to catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. Thus, its inhibition increases the levels of this neurochemical and improves the cholinergic functions in patients with AD alleviating the symptoms of this neurological disorder. In recent years, attention has also been focused on the role of another enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), mainly in advanced stages of AD, transforming this enzyme into another target of interest in the search for new anticholinesterase agents.Over the past decades, Nature has proven to be a rich source of bioactive compounds relevant to the discovery of new molecules with potential application in AD therapy. Bioprospecting of new cholinesterase inhibitors among natural products has led to the discovery of an important number of new AChE and BChE inhibitors that became potential lead compounds for the development of anti-AD drugs. This review summarizes a total of 260 active compounds from 142 studies which correspond to the most relevant (IC50 ≤ 15 µM) research work published during 2012-2022 on plant-derived anticholinesterase compounds, as well as several potent inhibitors obtained from other sources like fungi, algae, and animals.

Usos y percepciones de las TIC: un estudio en personas mayores en Luján, Buenos Aires, desde el inicio del Covid-19; Uses and perceptions of ICTs: a study in older people in Luján, Buenos Aires since the beginning of Covid-19 Cuello, Fátima; Pochintesta, Paula Analía La progresiva incursión de las TIC en la sociedad ha creado nuevas formas de interacción. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de las personas de 60 años y más sobre el uso de las nuevas tecnologías durante la pandemia Covid-19 en la localidad de Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los resultados muestran que la pandemia dejó en evidencia la celeridad del avance de la tecnología y los consecuentes cambios en casi todas las prácticas de la vida cotidiana. Esta situación demandó una apropiación veloz sobre el uso de herramientas digitales sin contemplar las necesidades de las personas mayores.; The progressive incursion of ICTs into society has created new forms of interaction. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of people aged 60 years and over about the use of new technologies during the Covid-19 pandemic in the town of Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The results show that the pandemic showed the speed of the advance of technology and the consequent changes in almost all practices of daily life. This situation demanded a rapid appropriation of the use of digital tools without considering the needs of the elderly.

Comment on Agnolín et al. (2024): southernmost lepidosaur (Reptilia) assemblage from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia Garberoglio, Fernando Fabio; Gómez, Raúl O.; Apesteguía, Sebastián Agnolín et al. (2024) (Hereafter A24) report on a Late Cretaceous lepidosaur assemblage from southern Patagonia. The fossils described by A24 are noteworthy as they extend the record of lepidosaurs from southern Patagonia and as such deserve a detailed study. However, we find several issues in the descriptions and consider most of their taxonomic assignments to be unsupported by the data, which in turn makes their faunistic interpretations to be seriously flawed. Here, we would like to comment on some of the major inconsistencies and misstatements that we have found in the work of A24 in order to prevent wrong faunal lists and biogeographic considerations.

Highly effective inhalable voriconazole-loaded nanomicelles for fungal infections in cystic fibrosis patients: a promising therapeutic strategy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Briceño, Victor; Hermida Alava, Katherine Stefania; Bernabeu, Ezequiel Adrian; Fuentes, Pedro; Brito Devoto, Tomás; Höcht, Christian; Chiappetta, Diego Andrés; Cuestas, María Luján; Moretton, Marcela Analía In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), growth of A. fumigatus and other fungal hyphae within the bronchial lumen can trigger an immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity response known as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) which can potentially advance to fibrosis. The management of ABPA involves the administration of systemic glucocorticoids alongside azole antifungals, such as voriconazole (VRC). This study evaluated the potential of Soluplus® polymeric micelles as an effective nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery of VRC to improve antifungal therapy in CF patients. The micellar nanoformulation prepared in this study could increase up to 51-fold the aqueous solubility of VRC. Their micellar size, evaluated by dynamic light scattering, was 102.2 ± 1.3 nm for loaded freeze-dried nanoformulations with a unimodal size distribution. Nanomicelles showed excellent colloidal stability during the in vitro nebulization process and under dilution in similar interstitial fluids for pulmonary VRC delivery. Nanoformulations demonstrated high in vitro cytocompatibility in A549 and Vero cells. Interestingly, in vitro antifungal activity of VRC-loaded micelles was at least 2-fold higher than the drug aqueous suspension against different fungal species isolated from CF sputum, regardless of the presence of artificial CF mucus layer. Following single intratracheal dose, significantly (p < 0.05) higher VRC concentrations were observed within 2 h in the lung tissue for the micellar formulations compared with the VRC suspension. We concluded that these findings will help to develop a potent and innovative inhalable VRC micellar nanoformulation that may be effective against different lung disorders caused by fungi, such as ABPA.

Enseñar y aprender Derechos Humanos en la universidad: ¿perciben los géneros de modo diferente esta experiencia educativa?; To teach and to learn Human Rights at university: do genders perceive this educational experience differently? Naz, Natalia Gabriela Este trabajo analiza una experiencia en particular de Educación en Derechos Humanos en el ámbito universitario: el “Seminario de Justicia y Derechos Humanos” de Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina. El curso es obligatorio y transversal para estudiantes que cursan alguna carrera de grado y pregrado en dicha institución. El objetivo general de esta indagación consistió en conocer cómo experimentaron mujeres cis, varones cis1 y la comunidad LGBTIQ+2 este tipo de espacios formativos. El análisis se realizó desde la perspectiva de los3 participantes, especialmente del estudiantado, que es un enfoque fundamental y poco estudiado en este campo. La metodología utilizada fue mixta: se analizaron 1703 encuestas a estudiantes realizadas en el período 2017-2022 y tres entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes durante el 2023. Entre los principales resultados, se observó que el grupo conformado por varones cis manifestó menor interés, en comparación a los otros grupos, en los temas de Género y en el hecho de que exista este tipo de educación obligatoria en el ámbito universitario. Además, se advirtió que los diversos grupos son interpelados de forma diferente, según el tema del que se trate. En último lugar, el artículo finaliza con algunas reflexiones en torno a las masculinidades en los procesos de Educación en Derechos Humanos en la universidad.; This paper analyses one particular experience of Human Rights Education at the university environment: the "Seminar on Justice and Human Rights" at the National University of Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The course is compulsory and cross-cutting for students taking undergraduate and undergraduate degree courses at that institution. The general objective of this research was to find out how cis women, cis men and the LGBTIQ+ community experienced this type of training spaces. The analysis was carried out from the perspective of the participants, especially the students, which is a fundamental and understudied approach in this field. The methodology used was mixed: both, 1703 student surveys conducted in the period 2017-2022 and three semistructured interviews with teachers during 2023, were analysed. Among the main results, it was observed that the cis-male group showed less interest in gender issues and in the fact that there is this type of compulsory education at the university environment, compared to the other groups. In addition, it was noted that the different groups are questioned differently, depending on the topic in question. Finally, the article ends with some reflections on masculinities in the processes of Human Rights Education at university.

Las Plantas del Paraguay Natural Ilustrado de Sánchez Labrador (S.J.): complejizando la identificación de los ycipo y otras “yerbas” relacionadas; The plants of the Paraguay natural ilustrado by Sánchez Labrador (s.j.): complexing the identification of ycipo and other related “yerbas” Stampella, Pablo César; Cabanillas, Pablo Alejandro; Keller, Hector Alejandro; Pochettino, María Lelia En los últimos años ha crecido el interés en el empleo de documentos jesuíticos en trabajos etnobotánicos referidos a la identificación de las plantas, entre otros aspectos. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las plantas presentes en el Libro V de la parte II del Paraguay Natural Ilustrado, presentar sus usos, y discutir los alcances del concepto de ycipo planteado por el autor en relación a los trabajos actuales y pasados. Además, se pretende resaltar el aporte de esta obra en el estudio de los documentos jesuíticos. Mediante la metodología etnobotánica histórica se analizó el libro V Ycipos, y otras plantas sarmentosas (39 fojas manuscritas y 11 ilustraciones) del manuscrito Paraguay Natural Ilustrado de José Sánchez Labrador (1772). Se relevaron 59 plantas (59 taxa botánicos), 28 identificados a nivel de especie, 20 a nivel genérico, 3 a nivel de familia y 8 que no pudieron ser identificados, todos ellos con usos documentados. El carácter detallado de las descripciones proveídas por Sánchez Labrador permitió identificar la mayoría de las plantas al nivel de especie o de grupo de especies, de las cuales más de la mitad del total constituyen novedades en la bibliografía jesuítica, permitiendo en algunos casos aclarar la identidad taxonómica de plantas de otras obras jesuíticas. En el caso del término ycipo, se plantea que el mismo presentó un sentido mucho más amplio y complejo que el que posee en la actualidad.; In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of Jesuit documents in ethnobotanical works related to plant identification, among other aspects. The aim of this paper is to identify the plants present in Book V of Part II of Paraguay Natural Ilustrado, to present their uses, and to discuss the scope of the concept of ycipo proposed by the author in relation to current and past works. In addition, it is intended to highlight the contribution of this work in the study of Jesuit documents. Using the historical ethnobotanical methodology, the book V Ycipos, y otras plantas sarmentosas (39 handwritten pages and 11 illustrations) of the manuscript Paraguay Natural Ilustrado by José Sánchez Labrador (1772) was analyzed. Fifty-nine plants (59 botanical taxa) were surveyed, 28 identified to species level, 20 to generic level, 3 to family level and 8 that could not be identified, all of them with documented uses. The detailed nature of the descriptions provided by Sánchez Labrador made it possible to identify most of the plants at the species or species group level, of which more than half of the total constitute novelties in the Jesuit bibliography, allowing in some cases to clarify the taxonomic identity of plants from other Jesuit works. In the case of the term ycipo, it is suggested that it had a much broader and more complex meaning than it has today

First report of blast disease on Oplismenopsis najada caused by Pyricularia oryzae in Argentina Bastida, Lisandro Martín; Gutiérrez, Susana Alejandra; Bich, Gustavo Angel; Castrillo, María Lorena; Quiroga, Joaquín Augusto; Carmona, Marcelo Anibal; Cardozo Téllez, Lourdes; Chávez, Alice Rocío In 2022, Pyricularia blast- like symptoms were observed in Oplismenopsis najada plants in Argentina. P. oryzae was identified based on its cultural and morphometric characteristics, nucleotidesequencingofITS1-5.8S-ITS2amplicons, complemented with phylogenetic analyses, and PCR with Pot2 marker. Koch´s postulates were confirmed on O. najada and the Guri INTA CL variety of Oryza sativa. The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS: OR741772). The PCR reaction amplified the Pot2 marker, confirming that it is P. oryzae. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of O. najada as new host of P. oryzae worldwide.

Usos y sentidos del peculio en las colocaciones asistenciales de menores de edad: Provincia de Buenos Aires, comienzos del siglo XX; Uses and Meanings of Peculium in Care Placements for Minors: Province of Buenos Aires, Early 20th Century; Usos e significados do pecúlio em colocações de cuidados para menores: Provincia de Buenos Aires, início do século XX de Paz Trueba, Yolanda Edith Este artículo busca brindar un panorama complejo de los mundos laborales de las infancias, atendiendo a las colocaciones asistenciales en casas de familia y comercios. Con las herramientas que brinda la historia social del trabajo, proponemos un acercamiento a la manera en que el dinero y otras formas de pago atravesaron estas relaciones, y a los sentidos que le dieron quienes formaron parte de ese vínculo. Estas formas de trabajo y las diversas maneras de remunerarlas, persistieron en paralelo con el avance de cierta mercantilización del mundo laboral doméstico formal contratado en el mercado libremente e, incluso, con los intentos de regular el trabajo de menores de edad.; This article seeks to provide a complex overview of the work of children, focusing on care placements in family homes and businesses. Drawing on the tools provided by the social history of work, it proposes an approach to the way in which money and other forms of payment went through these relationships, and to the meanings given to them by those who were part of that link. These forms of work and the various ways of remunerating them persisted in parallel with the advance of a certain commodification of the world of formal domestic work freely contracted in the market and even with attempts to regulate the work of minors.; Este artigo procura fornecer uma visão complexa do mundo do trabalho na infância, com foco nas colocações de cuidados em residências familiares e empresas. Com as ferramentas fornecidas pela história social do trabalho, propomos uma abordagem à forma como o dinheiro e outras formas de pagamento passaram por essas relações e aos significados que lhes foram atribuídos por aqueles que fizeram parte desse vínculo. Estas formas de trabalho e as diversas formas de remunerá-las persistiram paralelamente ao avanço de uma certa mercantilização do mundo do trabalho doméstico formal livremente contratado no mercado e até às tentativas de regulamentação do trabalho de menores.

Developmental instability and body condition in rodents: Industrialized agriculture disturbances in anthromes from central Argentina Martini, Gastón Andrés; Priotto, Jose Waldemar; Serafini, Vanesa Natalia; Coda, José Antonio Among human activities agriculture is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide in recent decades. The effects of agricultural intensification on vertebrate populations may vary depending on their habitat requirements. The effect of environmental and/or genetic stress on populations can be assessed using fluctuating asymmetry and body condition of animals. We implemented both linear and geometric morphometric methods to assess the influence of agricultural intensification on three native rodent species. For this, we evaluated different stress indicators on skulls and mandibles (fluctuating asymmetry, centroid size and scaled mass index) of three species of small mammals at borders of rural roads in agroecosystems in central Argentina. We explored the impact of intensification using variables at different scales: landscape level, assessing complexity through functional and structural heterogeneity; and local level, through vegetal volume of the border. We found species-specific responses, where the most sensitive species was Calomys venustus, which showed individuals with lower developmental stability and body condition in simple landscapes and low-quality habitats. Akodon azarae responded in an intermediate manner to both size and mass index indicators, while the species Calomys musculinus was the least affected, with changes only in body condition observed, with larger individuals in more complex landscapes. Our results suggest that the impact of agricultural intensification on small mammals varies according to their habitat requirements and the landscape heterogeneity. This study shows the importance of considering both local and landscape variables to propose management measures for biodiversity conservation in cropland anthromes.

Transitional photoperiod induces a mania‐like behavior in male mice Rodrigues Barbosa, Mayara; Lopes Costa, Ellyda Fernanda; Gomes Coimbra, Daniel; Braga Cavalcante Pinto, Vinícius; Leite Goes Gitaí, Daniel; Duzzioni, Marcelo; Crespo, Manuel Tomas; Golombek, Diego Andrés; Chiesa, Juan José; Agostino, Patricia Verónica; Gomes de Andrade, Tiago This study aimed to investigate the behavioral responses and circadianrhythms of mice to both rapid and gradual increases in photoperiod, mimickingthe transition from winter to summer, which is associated with a heightenedprevalence of hospitalizations for mania and suicidal behavior.Behavioral tests were performed in C57BL/6 male mice exposed to a transitionalphotoperiod, from short to long durations. To determine if circadianrhythms are affected, we measured spontaneous locomotor activity and bodytemperature. Mice exhibited heightened exploratory and risk-taking behaviorscompared with equatorial and static long (16:8 h of light–dark cycle for severaldays) groups. These behaviors were prevented by lithium. Spontaneous locomotoractivity and body temperature rhythms persisted and were effectivelysynchronized; however, the relative amplitude of activity and interdaily stabilitywere diminished. Additionally, the animals displayed increased activityduring the light phase. Photoperiodic transition modulates behavior and circadianrhythms, mirroring certain features observed in bipolar disorder patients.This study introduces an animal model for investigating mania-like behaviorinduced by photoperiodic changes, offering potential insights for suicide preventionstrategies and the management of mood disorders.

Seasonal changes and energy allocation in the edible snail Zidona dufresnei (Caenogastropoda, Volutidae) Giménez, Juliana; Ojeda, Mariel Adriana; Boy, Claudia Clementina Energy acquisition and allocation between the somatic compartments are essential for the ecological success of an organism. The seasonal pattern of energy allocation among the diferent organs was evaluated in the snail Zidona dufresnei. The somatic indexes, energy density and energy content of the gonads, digestive gland, foot, and secondary sexual glands of Z. dusfresnei. The lowest foot index (FI), energy density and energy content were found in winter. The high digestive gland index (DI) and energy content (ECDIG) observed in spring likely coincide with the peak of productivity. The male’s gonads did not show seasonal energetic variation, although the gonadosomatic index (GI) of males was lower in summer than in other months. The mass and energy content of the albumen and capsule glands exhibited a decreasing pattern from spring to winter. The foot is suggested as the main energy reservoir in Z. dufresnei, the digestive gland as an energy reservoir that contributes to the gonadal maturation, whereas the energy of the capsule and the albumen glands contributes to the spawning. This study highlights seasonal variations in the energy content of the foot (edible compartment) and the signifcance of secondary sexual glands in understanding the bioenergetics of Z. dusfresnei and ofspring ftness. These fndings should be taken into consideration in fsheries management decisions for this ecologically and commercially important species.

Assessment of nitrogen dioxide concentrations and main sources in a medium-sized city in Latin America using geographic information systems Berkovic, Andrea Mariela; Stadler, Carla Sofía; Fusé, Victoria Susana; Picone, Natasha; Ibarlucía, Daniela Giselle; Juliarena, María Paula Studying atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in urban areas is crucial for assessing air quality and caring for the population’s health; however, the background of studies on this gas in medium-sized cities is scarce, highlighting a significant knowledge gap in the field, especially in Latin America. This study aims to assess the levels of NO2 concentration in a medium-sized city in Argentina using passive samplers over six months. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was employed to analyse the spatial distribution of gas concentration using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method. Additionally, potential emission sources were evaluated by applying exploratory regression analysis. The study found that atmospheric concentrations of NO2 generally exceeded the values established by the World Health Organization (WHO) of 10 µg/m3. The highest mean concentration (30.4 µg/m3) was determined near a national route and industrial areas. Correlation analysis between the NO2 concentration at each site and possible emission sources suggests that industries are the main sources of this gas.

Actitudes, prácticas y desempeño escolar en estratos vulnerables: Brasil y Argentina comparados; Attitudes, Practices, and School Performance in Vulnerable Strata: A Comparison between Brazil and Argentina; Atitudes, práticas e desempenho escolar em estratos vulneráveis: Brasil e Argentina comparados Miguez, Daniel Pedro Desde la década de 1960 en adelante una extensa serie de estudios ha puesto en duda la capacidad de la escuela para igualar los niveles de aprendizaje entre estudiantes de distinto origen social. Pese a la diversidad de programas y políticas que han buscado igualar las diferencias, investigaciones llevadas a cabo de distintas maneras y en diversos contextos han encontrado una y otra vez que las diferencias no solo persisten, sino que se reproducen en la escuela. En este artículo abordamos el problema desde una óptica ligeramente diferente. Nuestro objetivo es identificar algunas de las prácticas y actitudes de estudiantes y docentes que se asocian a las diferencias en el desempeño escolar entre estudiantes de menor nivel económico social en Brasil y Argentina. Consecuentemente, no buscamos comprender los mecanismos que reproducen las diferencias entre estratos, sino aquellos que generan mayores logros relativos en los estudiantes con menos recursos. Con este propósito realizamos un análisis comparativo de los resultados de las pruebas PISA del 2018 mediante modelos estadísticos multivariados. Este análisis mostró que ciertos factores, como la empatía docente, la motivación y perseverancia estudiantil o las modalidades de estudio se asocian al desempeño. Pero también puso en evidencia que la magnitud de la asociación varía con el contexto. Estos resultados resultan un aporte al diseño de políticas educativas que procuren incrementar el desempeño en estratos socioeconómicamente desfavorecidos, indicando algunas de las condiciones que pueden favorecerlo, pero advirtiendo también sobre las dificultades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de manera acrítica.; Since the 1960s, a vast array of studies has questioned the ability of schools to equalize learning levels among students from different social backgrounds. Despite various programs and policies aimed at reducing these disparities, research in diverse contexts has repeatedly found that not only do these differences persist, but they are also reproduced within the school system. This article approaches the issue from a slightly different perspective: its objective is to identify practices and attitudes of students and teachers that are associated with differences in school performance among students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil and Argentina. The focus is not on understanding the mechanisms that perpetuate differences between social strata, but rather on identifying those that lead to higher relative achievements among students with fewer resources. A comparative analysis of the 2018 PISA test results was conducted using multivariate statistical models. This analysis revealed that certain factors, such as teacher empathy, student motivation and perseverance, and study methods, are associated with academic performance. However, it also showed that the strength of these associations varies depending on the context. These findings contribute to the design of educational policies aimed at improving performance in disadvantaged groups by highlighting conditions that may foster better outcomes, while also cautioning against uncritically extrapolating results across different contexts.; Desde a década de 1960, uma série de pesquisas tem questionado a capacidade das escolas para igualar os níveis de aprendizagem entre alunos de diferentes origens sociais. Apesar da diversidade de programas e políticas que buscaram equalizar as diferenças, pesquisas em diversos contextos constataram repetidamente que as diferenças não apenas persistem, mas são reproduzidas nas escolas. Este artigo aborda o problema de uma perspectiva um pouco diferente: seu objetivo é identificar práticas e atitudes de estudantes e docentes associadas a diferenças no desempenho escolar entre estudantes de condição social e econômica mais baixa no Brasil e na Argentina. O objetivo não é entender os mecanismos que reproduzem as diferenças entre os estratos, mas sim aqueles que geram maior desempenho relativo entre os estudantes com menos recursos. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos resultados do teste PISA de 2018 por meio de modelos estatísticos multivariados. Essa análise mostrou que determinados fatores, como a empatia docente, a motivação e perseverança estudantil ou as modalidades de estudo, estão associados ao desempenho. Mas também mostrou que a magnitude da associação varia de acordo com o contexto. Esses resultados contribuem para a elaboração de políticas educacionais que buscam aumentar o desempenho em estratos desfavorecidos, indicando algumas condições que podem favorecê-lo, mas também alertando sobre as dificuldades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de forma acrítica.

Low similarity between parasite communities of ten sympatric carangid species Osuna Cabanillas, Juan M.; Marín Enríquez, Emigdio; Martínez Falcón, Ana P.; Timi, Juan Tomas; Morales Serna, Francisco N. Host phylogeny and ecological convergence are two factors thought to influence the structure of parasite communities. The aims of this study were to determine the diversity of metazoan parasites of 10 sympatric fish species of the family Carangidae from the southeastern Gulf of California, and to analyze their similarity at infracommunity and component community levels, in order to determine if the host species, particularly those congeneric with similar ecological characteristics, exhibit similar assemblages of parasites. In total, 874 fish specimens were examined and 40 parasite species were identified. The component community was composed by 21 parasite species in Caranx caninus, 20 in C. caballus, 11 in C. vinctus, five in Chloroscombrus orqueta, four inCarangoides otrynter, seven in Hemicaranx leucurus, eight in Selene brevoortii, 14 in S. peruviana, and 11 in Trachinotus rhodopus. The metazoan parasite communities of C. vinctus, Ch. orqueta, H. leucurus, and S. brevoortii are reported here for the first time. The parasite communities of the remaining six carangid species have been reported from regions other than the Gulf of California. All fish species differed significantly regarding the diversity of their parasite infracommunities. This possibly is due to different patterns of habitat use among fish species, and because of the differential host specificity among parasite taxa. Nonetheless, when the analysis was restrictedto common parasite species, some fish showed similar parasite infracommunities, particularly congeners of the genus Selene as well as C. caballus and C. vinctus. The component communities of species of Selene were highly similar (>65%), but the three species of Caranx were not. This result supports the hypothesis that congeneric fish species with similar ecological filters harbor similar parasite communities. However, the difference observed between C. caninus and C. caballus suggests that these species, despite being evolutionary and ecologically related, have different physiological or immunological characteristics (compatibility filters) that may result indifferent parasite communities.