Enantioseparation of pesticides by gas chromatography: Measurement of association constants enantiomer-chiral selector Frickel Critto, Emilia Josefina; Prince, Daiana Lorena; Lancioni, Carlina; Castells, Cecilia Beatriz Marta In this study, the association constants of sixteen pesticides with the chiral selector octakis(6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-acetyl)-γ-cyclodextrin were determined. The procedure only involved a few experimental measurements; namely, gas hold-up time and retention time of pesticides in capillary columns, as well as column phase ratio at each temperature condition. Fundamental equations of gas-liquid chromatography were used to estimate association constants. Two sets of columns containing different concentrations of the mentioned chiral selector dissolved in (14 %-cyanopropyl-phenyl)-86 %-methyl-polysiloxane were used. One set included capillary columns without any chemical treatment and the other group included columns that were crosslinked. The systematic comparison between both groups indicated a deleterious effect of the crosslinking on enantioselectivity.Our main objective is to promote the use of gas chromatography for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile chiral pesticides. Thus, we proposed a simple methodology, based only on chromatographic measurements, to obtain information about the enantiorecognition ability of a particular chiral selector constituting the stationary phase and the influence of the selected polymer on the selectivity experimentally obtained.

Corrosion protection and antibacterial performance of a chitosan/salicylate coating electrogenerated on a magnesium alloy Loperena, Ana Paula; Saidman, Silvana Beatriz; Forero Lopez, Ana Deisy; Brugnoni, Lorena Inés; Lehr, Ivana Leticia In this work, chitosan and chitosan/salicylate coatings were prepared by EPD on AZ91D Mg alloy to improve the corrosion resistance of the substrate in a simulated physiological solution. The effect of two concentrations of salicylate on the morphology and anticorrosive behaviour of the coatings was evaluated. The results showed that the addition of 0.50 g/L sodium salicylate to the chitosan formulation decreased the corrosion rate of the chitosan coating from 0.0025 ± 0.0003 to 0.0007 ± 0.0004 mA cm−2. From the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, it can be concluded that the presence of salicylate in the coating leads to a self-healing effect that contributes to an improved corrosion protection. In addition, the presence of salicylate in the coating has been shown to increase antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It has been demonstrated that salicylate can be released from the coating, which has an anti-inflammatory effect. In this way, a novel chitosan/salicylate coating was developed for the first time on a Mg alloy for bactericidal effect, release of salicylate and corrosion protection in simulated physiological solution. So far, chitosan and salicylate have not been investigated as a combination for the development of multifunctional coatings on Mg alloys. In addition, the self-healing effect of salicylate ions in a chitosan coating was established for the first time.

Unraveling the environmental influence on inter-annual fishery yield in a small-scale gillnet fishery under Rio de la Plata influence, South America Jaureguizar, Andrés Javier; Cortés, Federico; Maiztegui, Tomás; Camiolo, Martina Daniela; Milessi Millan, Andres Conrado The study focuses on understanding the influence of the environment on the relative yields of a gill net fishery operating in San Antonio Cape, Argentina. The research was conducted during five austral warm periods covering spring to summer from 2008 to 2013, aiming to assess the potential impacts of climate change on small-scale fisheries. The hierarchical species composition of 563 fishery landings encompasses 41 registered species. Among these species, Cynoscion guatucupa, Micropogonias furnieri, Mustelus schmitti, and Parona signata were found to be dominant. The species composition showed a similarity ranging from 36.22% to 57.59%, with significant differences observed among most of the warm seasons. The Multivariate Regression Tree analysis showed that the temperature was the variable with the greatest influence on the composition of the landings. During warmer conditions (>20.4 °C), the location of the draft became a significant factor, while variation in turbidity played a role in the northern zone. In colder warm conditions (<20.4 °C), the composition differed based on the volumes of Río de la Plata discharge. Specifically, the freshwater outflow was further differentiated by depth (∼9 m) at lower volumes (<20 649 m3/s) and by turbidity at intermediate values (20 649–22 908 m3/s). The vulnerability of the fishery was explained by a combination of specific ranges of various stressors. These stressors led to significant variations in the composition of fishery landings, ultimately affecting the economic income of the fishermen. By understanding the relationship between environmental factors and fishery yields, this study provides valuable insights into anticipating the potential impacts of climate change on small-scale, vulnerable fisheries.

Evaluation of fish biodiversity in the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego-Argentina) using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding Nardi, Cristina Fernanda; Llompart, Facundo Manuel; Chalde, Tomás; Bruno, Daniel Osvaldo; Ceballos, Santiago Guillermo The fish biodiversity of the Beagle Channel is insufficiently assessed, poorly managed, and threatened by exotic species. Novel, rapid, and cost-effective DNA-based approaches are valuable for understanding fish communities and biomonitoring in remote areas. Here, we evaluate the potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for assessing fish species composition by analyzing water samples from three sites along the Beagle Channel in the extreme south of Argentina. Fish biodiversity was estimated using high-throughput sequencing of 12S rRNA amplicons. First, a local reference database was generated, including 12S sequences of 48 spp. In total, 31 environmental sequences were recovered, belonging to 11 families, 15 genera, and 22 species. Six eDNA sequences did not match any species in our database. Multivariate analyses indicated that the relative species composition differed significantly among the sampled sites. However, the most abundant species detected were consistent with historical data on fish species recorded in the sites sampled. In conclusion, eDNA metabarcoding is sensitive, reliable, and suitable for studies on the presence and distribution of fish species in the area. We further strengthen the potential of eDNA metabarcoding as a biomonitoring tool.

Cuando el casamiento generaba oposición. Desigualdad, esclavitud y afrodescendencia en el contexto de la Real Pragmática de Matrimonios: Santa Fe, siglos XVIII-XIX; When marriage generated opposition. Inequality, slavery and African descent in the context of the Real Pragmatics of Marriages: Santa Fe, 18th-19th centuries. Silvestri, Noelia Camila En los dominios coloniales de la Monarquía Hispánica, a medida que avanzaba el siglo XVIII, el mestizaje y la ilegitimidad representaban un desafío para las autoridades. En el contexto provisto por la aplicación en Indias de la “Pragmática Sanción para evitar el abuso de contraer matrimonios desiguales” indagaremos las oposiciones que enfrentaron parejas conformadas por al menos una persona afrodescendiente. A partir de disensos motivados por argumentos raciales, examinaremos las interpretaciones de la desigualdad en la sociedad santafesina entre fines del siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX. Desde fuentes judiciales y parroquiales, el análisis de casos posibilitará recuperar historias de vida de población esclavizada y de castas libres con el objetivo de analizar fenómenos como la movilidad ascendente y el blanqueamiento social.; In the colonial domains of the Hispanic Monarchy in the 18th century, miscegenation and illegitimacy represented an urgent matter for the authorities. In the context of the application in the Indies of the "Pragmatic Sanction to avoid the abuse of unequal marriages", we will investigate oppositions faced up by couples with at least one Afro-descendant person. Based on the dissent motivated by racial reasons, we will examine the interpretations of inequality in Santa Fe city between the late 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Based on judicial and parish sources, the analysis of cases recovers the life stories of enslaved and free caste populations intending to analyze upward mobility and social whitening.

Quantitative assessment of the nanoanatomy of the contractile vacuole complex in Trypanosoma cruzi Augusto, Ingrid; Girard Dias, Wendell; Schoijet, Alejandra Cecilia; Alonso, Guillermo Daniel; Portugal, Rodrigo V.; de Souza, Wanderley; Jimenez, Veronica; Miranda, Kildare Trypanosoma cruzi uses various mechanisms to cope with osmotic fluctuations during infection, including the remodeling of organelles such as the contractile vacuole complex (CVC). Little is known about the morphological changes of the CVC during pulsation cycles occurring upon osmotic stress. Here, we investigated the structure-function relationship between the CVC and the flagellar pocket domain where fluid discharge takes place-the adhesion plaque-during the CVC pulsation cycle. Using TcrPDEC2 and TcVps34 overexpressing mutants, known to have low and high efficiency for osmotic responses, we described a structural phenotype for the CVC that matches their corresponding physiological responses. Quantitative tomography provided data on the volume of the CVC and spongiome connections. Changes in the adhesion plaque during the pulsation cycle were also quantified and a dense filamentous network was observed. Together, the results suggest that the adhesion plaque mediates fluid discharge from the central vacuole, revealing new aspects of the osmoregulatory system in T. cruzi.

Arabidopsis pollen prolyl-hydroxylases P4H4/6 are relevant for correct hydroxylation and secretion of LRX11 in pollen tubes Sede, Ana Rocío; Wengier, Diego Leonardo; Borassi, Cecilia; Ricardi, Martiniano María; Somoza, Sofía Cristina; Aguiló, Rafael; Estevez, Jose Manuel; Muschietti, Jorge Prometeo Major constituents of the plant cell walls are structural proteins that belong to the hydroxyproline-richglycoprotein (HRGP) family. Leucine-rich repeat extensin (LRX) proteins contain a leucine-richdomain and a C-terminal domain with repetitive Ser–Pro3–5 motifs that are potentially to be Oglycosylated.It has been demonstrated that pollen-specific LRX8–LRX11 from Arabidopsis thalianaare necessary to maintain the integrity of the pollen tube cell wall during polarized growth. InHRGPs, including classical extensins (EXTs), and probably in LRXs, proline residues are convertedto hydroxyproline by prolyl-4-hydroxylases (P4Hs), thus defining novel O-glycosylation sites. In thiscontext, we aimed to determine whether hydroxylation and subsequent O-glycosylation ofArabidopsis pollen LRXs are necessary for their proper function and cell wall localization in pollentubes. We hypothesized that pollen-expressed P4H4 and P4H6 catalyze the hydroxylation of theproline units present in Ser–Pro3–5 motifs of LRX8–LRX11. Here, we show that the p4h4-1 p4h6-1double mutant exhibits a reduction in pollen germination rates and a slight reduction in pollen tubelength. Pollen germination is also inhibited by P4H inhibitors, suggesting that prolyl hydroxylation isrequired for pollen tube development. Plants expressing pLRX11::LRX11-GFP in the p4h4-1 p4h6-1background show partial re-localization of LRX11–green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the pollentube tip apoplast to the cytoplasm. Finally, immunoprecipitation-tandem MSmass spectrometryanalysis revealed a decrease in oxidized prolines (hydroxyprolines) in LRX11–GFP in the p4h4-1p4h6-1 background compared with lrx11 plants expressing pLRX11::LRX11-GFP. Taken together,these results suggest that P4H4 and P4H6 are required for pollen germination and for properhydroxylation of LRX11 necessary for its localization in the cell wall of pollen tubes.

Performance of Hermetia illucens reared on pure, mixed, and sequentially mixed organic wastes regionally available in central Argentina Picco, Romina Paula Andrea; Rinaudo, Karen; Pascual, Amalia Nelci Teresita; Schwab, Luisina; Luna, Agustin; Salvo, Silvia Adriana Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) are proficient decomposers of organic matter. We compared experiments with local substrates containing: domestic residues (DR), and brewery wastes (BW) in pure form, or mixed with in two different proportions (BW70 or BW30), and two sequential diets in which larvae were fed first DR and then BW (DR/BW) or vice versa (BW/DR). The effects of the diets on life cycle parameters for mass production of H. illucens larvae were evaluated using general linear mixed models, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. The pure DR diet significantly prolonged the developmental period (47.8 days), although the pupal stage was shorter in larvae fed on this diet (13.8 days). Larval survival was similar between treatments (over 85%), but pupal survival tended to be higher in the mixed diets (over 96%). Larval weights differed significantly between treatments, with mixed diets promoting greater weight gains than pure and sequential diets. Larvae fed a DR/BW diet gained more weight than those fed a BW/DR diet. The highest mean larval weights (0.23 g) were observed in the mixed diet BW70, followed by the sequential diet DR/BW (0.22 g). Mixed diet BW70 also resulted in larger wings and bodies in both sexes. Sequential diet BW/DR and pure diet DR resulted in the smallest adult sizes. Sex ratios varied, favouring male emergence (1.8 M:0.2 F) in pure diet DR and in both sequential mixed diets (1.7 M:0.3 F and 1.3 M:0.7 F, respectively). This study highlights the importance of higher total protein plus carbohydrate concentrations in diets for optimal larval rearing, favouring mixed diets BW70. Carbohydrate-rich substrates should be provided earlier in the cycle to benefit larval and adult performance. Locally available waste vegetable or fruit peels, brewery waste, and spent yerba mate proved to be viable substrates for larval rearing, providing economic and environmental benefits for H. illucens rearing.

Analysis of Guard Cell Readouts Using Arabidopsis thaliana Isolated Epidermal Peels Pantaleno, Rosario; Schiel, Paula; García-Mata, Carlos; Scuffi, Denise Stomata are pores surrounded by a pair of specialized cells, called guard cells, that play a central role in plant physiology through the regulation of gas exchange between plants and the environment. Guard cells have features like cell-autonomous responses and easily measurable readouts that have turned them into a model system to study signal transduction mechanisms in plants. Here, we provide a detailed protocol to analyze different physiological responses specifically in guard cells. We describe, in detail, the steps and conditions to isolate epidermal peels with tweezers and to analyze i) stomatal aperture in response to different stimuli, ii) cytosolic parameters such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione redox potential (EGSH), and MgATP-2 in vivo dynamics using fluorescent biosensors, and iii) gene expression in guard cell–enriched samples. The importance of this protocol lies in the fact that most living cells on epidermal peels are guard cells, enabling the preparation of guard cell–enriched samples.

Capítulo 10: Shincal de Quimivil - Londres, Catamarca Se trata de 12 micros de 3 minutos que tienen como hilo conductor la relación entre ciencia y turismo.

Capítulo 7: Ruta del artesano - Tafí del Valle Se trata de 12 micros de 3 minutos que tienen como hilo conductor la relación entre ciencia y turismo.

Lo más lindo del paisaje es su gente Ciclo que retrata a trabajadores locales desde los más impactantes paisajes de Argentina.

Micromundos Micromundos nos introduce en un universo a simple vista imperceptible, a través de las imágenes del microscopio de Barrido Zeiss Supra 55vp. Mientras vamos pasando de los grandes aumentos a la escala real, con la ayuda de distintas pistas, podremos comenzar a develar estos “micromundos”, encontrando en estas imágenes, que al principio parecían obras de ciencia ficción, elementos que forman parte de nuestra vida cotidiana.

El desierto que no fue - Trailer En el año 1993 un grupo de arqueólogos encuentra una cueva única en la Puna argentina: el sitio CACAO se excava en función de encontrar evidencias de la ocupación humana entre 3000 y 3700 años antes del presente. 10 años más tarde, el arqueólogo Carlos Aschero da con una costilla de Milodón, un mamífero extinto de la era del hielo. La costilla tiene marcas que sugieren la intervención humana. Esta costilla arroja un fechado de 40.000 años. Esto sorprende a propios y extraños: el hallazgo data de 25.000 años de distancia entre lo que se sabe del poblamiento de América y lo que se puede comprobar. Esta historia narra las aventuras y desventuras de los arqueólogos frente a un hallazgo único que pone rigurosamente en discusión aquello que sabemos sobre cómo y cuándo se pobló el continente americano.

Cannabis Medicinal - Trailer Todo tratamiento que contribuya a recuperar el estado de bienestar debe ser investigado, desarrollado y puesto al servicio de la población. La neurocientífica Silvia Kochen indaga sobre cómo el saber popular contribuye al conocimiento científico sobre el cannabis medicinal.

Capacidad resolutiva de ChatGPT en un examen de competencias médicas basado en la clínica ampliada Badr, Pablo Julián; López, Silvina E.; Bugatti, Federico A.; Bavio, José Manuel; García, Alejandro Javier La aplicación de herramientas de inteligencia artificial (IA) ha cambiado los límites de lo posible en cuanto a la educación y evaluación médica. La carrera de medicina de la Universidad Nacional del Sur ha desarrollado un software específico para evaluar la adquisición de competencias profesionales bajo el encuadre de la clínica ampliada, con respuestas en formato ensayo, que pueden ser simuladas por la IA. Método: Se analiza la capacidad del sistema ChatGPT 3.5 de interpretar y resolver problemas clínicos bajo este encuadre, comparando de forma ciega su desempeño con medidas de distribución de frecuencias de la población control. Resultados: ChatGPT 3.5 presentó un desempeño global del 44.84% (Z-score: –1.14), con desempeño menor a la media del grupo control en 6 de 10 problemas clínicos. En las dimensiones de competencia «Subjetivo» y «Problematización» el desempeño fue aceptable (Z-score –0.02 y 0.05, respectivamente) y pobre en las dimensiones «Objetivo» y «Plan de acción» (Z-score: –2.40 y –1.46, respectivamente). Las respuestas de ChatGPT incluyeron el 60% de los ítems que evalúan la pertinencia de decisiones al contexto sociofamiliar (Z-score: –0.70). Conclusiones: ChatGPT presentó capacidad moderada para resolver evaluaciones en el marco de la clínica ampliada, pero sorprende su capacidad de generar respuestas pertinentes al contexto sociofamiliar. Esto sugiere una utilidad potencial para el desarrollo de competencias blandas en la formación médica. El uso masivo de estas herramientas obliga a revisar las competencias médicas que desarrollar y los mecanismos de evaluación pertinentes que garanticen su seguridad, validez e impacto educativo.; The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools has changed the limits of what is possible in terms of medical education and evaluation. The Medical School at the National University of the South has developed specific software to evaluate the acquisition of professional skills under the framework of the expanded clinic, with answers in essay format, which can be simulated by AI. Method: This study analyzes the ability of the ChatGPT 3.5 system to interpret and solve clinical problems under this framework, blindly comparing its performance with frequency distribution measures of the control population. Results: ChatGPT 3.5 presented an overall performance of 44.84% (Z-score: –1.14), with performance lower than the average of the control group in 6 of 10 clinical problems. In the competence dimensions “Subjective” and “Problematization” the performance was acceptable (Z-score: –0.02 and 0.05, respectively) and poor in the dimensions “Objective” and “Action plan” (Z-score: –2.40 and –1.46, respectively). ChatGPT responses included 60% of the items that evaluate the relevance of decisions to the socio-familial context (Z-score: –0.70). Conclusions: ChatGPT presented moderate capacity to resolve evaluations in the framework of the expanded clinic, but its capacity to generate responses relevant to the socio-familial context is surprising. This suggests potential utility for the development of soft skills in medical training. The massive use of these tools forces us to review the medical skills to be developed, and the relevant evaluation mechanisms that guarantee their safety, validity and educational impact.

Capítulo 8: Campaña Antártica Un relato de viaje en búsqueda del conocimiento científico, a través de lugares, objetos y aventuras. Acompañados por científicos argentinos, recorremos los cuatro puntos cardinales de nuestro país, incluyendo el sector antártico, en un relato donde las hipótesis científicas son debatidas por los mismos investigadores, quienes a su vez, comparten hallazgos y experiencias con las cámaras en campaña.

Capítulo 7: La Ciudacita Un relato de viaje en búsqueda del conocimiento científico, a través de lugares, objetos y aventuras. Acompañados por científicos argentinos, recorremos los cuatro puntos cardinales de nuestro país, incluyendo el sector antártico, en un relato donde las hipótesis científicas son debatidas por los mismos investigadores, quienes a su vez, comparten hallazgos y experiencias con las cámaras en campaña.

Capítulo 6: Los Esteros del Iberá Un relato de viaje en búsqueda del conocimiento científico, a través de lugares, objetos y aventuras. Acompañados por científicos argentinos, recorremos los cuatro puntos cardinales de nuestro país, incluyendo el sector antártico, en un relato donde las hipótesis científicas son debatidas por los mismos investigadores, quienes a su vez, comparten hallazgos y experiencias con las cámaras en campaña.

Capítulo 5: Campaña Mejillón 2 Un relato de viaje en búsqueda del conocimiento científico, a través de lugares, objetos y aventuras. Acompañados por científicos argentinos, recorremos los cuatro puntos cardinales de nuestro país, incluyendo el sector antártico, en un relato donde las hipótesis científicas son debatidas por los mismos investigadores, quienes a su vez, comparten hallazgos y experiencias con las cámaras en campaña.