A novel and efficient Apple latent spherical virus-based gene silencing method for functional genomic studies in Chenopodium quinoa Melgar, Alejandra Estefania; Palacios, María Belén; Martínez Tosar, Leandro Julián; Zelada, Alicia Mercedes Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), with its resilience in harsh environments and excellent nutritional value, has become crucial for global food security. Despite recent progress in genomic research, the inability to perform functional studies in quinoa due to the absence of transformation techniques remains a significant obstacle. In this work, we present the development of a novel Apple Latent Spherical Virus (ALSV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) protocol that will allow to perform functional genomics studies in quinoa in a fast and simple way. The method was fine-tuned using ALSV plasmids that carry partial gene sequences of phytoene desaturase (PDS) from Nicotiana benthamiana and quinoa. The developed technique involves an initial inoculation in Nicotiana plants through agroinfiltration with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cultures carrying the different viral constructs. Viral extracts were prepared using local or systemic leaves, which were then used as inoculum to infect quinoa leaves through mechanical damage. The method was successfully tested in two contrasting quinoa varieties, although some differences were observed in infection phenotype and viral susceptibility. The effect of insertion sequence size in the viral vectors was also analyzed, resulting in differences in bleaching or chlorosis phenotype and impact on plant growth. The presence of the virus in inoculated plants was confirmed, and the reduction in PDS gene expression in silenced plants was verified. Because quinoa lacks stable transformation protocols, limiting heterologous expression assays, our ALSV-based VIGS protocol is very attractive for loss-of-function gene studies.

Platón, maestro de Schopenhauer: Las enseñanzas de la Teoría de las Ideas en la composición de un único pensamiento (ein einziger Gedanke); Plato, teacher of schopenhauer: the teachings of platonic philosophy in the deployment of a unique thought (ein einziger Gedanke) Gonzalez Rios, Hector Jose El artículo propone indagar el único pensamiento al que Schopenhauer ciñe su filosofía a través del estudio de la explícita recepción y efecto de la filosofía de Platón en su génesis y desarrollo. Con frecuencia, los estudios que se abocan a las fuentes de este pensamiento circunscriben la presencia platónica al examen de su estética (presentada, entre otros, en el Libro Tercero de El mundo como voluntad y representación (1819), en las Lecciones sobre la metafísica de lo bello (1820) y en muchos pasajes de su invaluable legado manuscrito). Sin embargo, resulta lícito explorar también su presencia en la dimensión ética de aquel único pensamiento, que Schopenhauer despliega en el Libro Cuarto de su opus magnum. De este modo la figura de Platón quedará ligada no sólo a la del genio sino también a la de aquellos que han postulado la negación de la voluntad llevando así la filosofía a su propio límite.; The article aims to explore the unique thought (ein einziger Gedanke) to which Schopenhauer refers his philosophy through the study of the explicit reception and effect of Plato in its genesis and development. Frequently, studies of sources circumscribe the Platonic presence in his philosophy to the consideration of his aesthetics, presented in Book Three of The World as Will and Representation (1819) and later in the Lessons on the Metaphysics of the Beautiful (1820) and in his invaluable manuscript legacy. However, it is also permissible to explore his presence in the ethical dimension of that unique thought, which Schopenhauer unfolds in Book Four of his opus magnum and. In this way the figure of Plato will be linked not only to that of genius but also to that of those who have postulated the negation of the will, thus bringing philosophy to its limit.

Necesidades, derechos y lenguajes: Un estudio etnográfico sobre habitar y construcción de ciudadanía en Buenos Aires; Needs, rights and languages: An ethnographic study about inhabiting and making of citizenship in Buenos Aires Thomasz, Ana Gretel; Boroccioni, Luciana Este artículo entrecruza las problemáticas del habitar y el derecho a la vivienda con la de la construcción de ciudadanía, a las que explora desde una perspectiva antropológica. Retoma el trabajo etnográfico desarrollado entre 2015 y 2020 con los pobladores de un edificio recuperado de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, quienes enfrentan un juicio de desalojo. Se vale del concepto de habitar de Giglia (2012) y aportes de Holston (2008) y Wanderley (2009), que examinan la cuestión del acceso a derechos identificando los lenguajes y las modalidades de acción a los que apelan los sujetos para materializarlos. Se expresa aquí que si durante el período inicial predominó la “lógica de la necesidad” y un accionar orientado a tornar habitable un inmueble abandonado, posteriormente emergió entre los pobladores el “lenguaje de los derechos”. Contra lo que sugiere la concepción de ciudadanía liberal, concluye que la auto-percepción de sí mismos como “sujetos de derecho” no es algo dado sino un proceso que se construye a partir de los vínculos horizontales que los sujetos establecen entre sí y con organizaciones sociales, y las relaciones verticales y conflictivas entabladas con el Estado en forma mayormente colectiva.; This article links the issues of the inhabit and housing rights with that of the making of citizenship, which are explored from an anthropological perspective. It is based on the ethographic work developed between 2015-2020 with the inhabitants of a squattered building from the City of Buenos Aires, who face an eviction judgment. It takes up the concept of inhabit introduced by Giglia (2012) and contributions of Holston (2008) and Wanderley (2009) that explore the issue of the access to rights identifying the different languages and modalities of action deployed by the subjects in order to get them. It is argued here that if it prevailed initially the “logic of the necessity” and an action aimed to rend habitable an abandoned property, the “language of rights” emerge later among the inhabitants. In contrast to what the liberal conception suggests, it is concluded that the self-perception of themselves as “subjects of rights” is not something given but a process that is built from the “logic of necessity”, the horizontal links that the subjects establish among themselves and with social organizations, and the vertical relationships established with the State in a mostly collective way.

¿Era Platón un spinozista?: Algunas ideas sobre la recepción de Platón en Alemania a finales del siglo XVIII; Was Plato a spinozist?: Some thoughts on the reception of Plato in Germany at the end of the 18th century Sole, Maria Jimena La propuesta de este artículo es abordar la recepción de Platón en el contexto de la célebre Polémica del panteísmo (Pantheismusstreit) aplicando las herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas obtenidas a partir de una exploración colectiva iniciada hace ya algunos años y todavía en curso, que llamamos caminos cruzados. En el transcurso de esta polémica, desencadenada a comienzos de la década de 1780 por F. H. Jacobi al revelar que el gran hombre de la ilustración alemana, G. E. Lessing, le había confesado poco antes de morir su secreto spinozismo, reaparece una tesis ya defendida a finales del siglo anterior por P. Bayle y G. Wachter, según la cual Spinoza y Platón se nutrieron de la misma tradición y adhieren, en el fondo, a una misma doctrina. Apelando a la perspectiva de los caminos cruzados, planteo la pregunta (imposible desde las perspectivas historiográficas habituales) acerca del spinozismo de Platón para reconstruir el vínculo que Jacobi ve entre ellos y revelar así aspectos que, en el estudio de la recepción, suelen permanecer ocultos, como el hecho de que una misma tesis puede tener un significado completamente distinto en diferentes autores y el rol fundamental que tiene la construcción de un enemigo para darle forma y justificación a la posición propia.; This article proposes to address the reception of Plato in the context of the famous Pantheism debate (Pantheismusstreit) by applying the conceptual and methodological tools obtained from a collective exploration begun some years ago and still ongoing, which we call caminos cruzados (crossed paths). In the course of this polemic, triggered in the early 1780s by F. H. Jacobi when he revealed that the great man of the German Enlightenment, G. E. Lessing, had confessed to him shortly before his death his secret Spinozism, a thesis already defended at the end of the previous century by P. Bayle and G. Wachter reappears, according to which Spinoza and Plato were nourished by the same tradition and subscribe, at their core, to the same doctrine. Using the perspective of crossed paths, I pose the question (impossible from the usual historiographical perspectives) about Plato's Spinozism in order to reconstruct the link that Jacobi sees between them and thus reveal aspects that, in the study of reception, often remain hidden, such as the fact that the same thesis can have a completely different meaning in different authors and the fundamental role that the construction of an enemy plays in shaping and justifying one's own position.

VVVX survey dusts off a new intermediate-age star cluster in the Milky Way disk Garro, Elisa; Minniti, Dante; Alonso García, Javier; Fernández Trincado, José; Gómez, Matías; Palma, Tali; Saito, Roberto; Obasi, Casmir Context. In the last decade, many new star clusters have been discovered in heavily obscured regions of the Milky Way bulge and disk. Aims. Our primary long-term objective is to seek out additional star clusters in the poorly studied regions of the Milky Way, where detections pose significant challenges. The aim of this pursuit is to finalize the Milky Way’s globular and open cluster system census and to gain a comprehensive understanding of both the formation and evolution of these systems and our Galaxy as a whole. Methods. We report the discovery of a new star cluster, named Garro 03. We investigated this new target using a combination of near-infrared and optical databases. We employed the VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Survey and Two Micron All Sky Survey data in the near-infrared, and the Gaia Data Release 3 and the DECam Plane Survey datasets in the optical passband. We constructed density maps and vector proper motion diagrams in order to highlight our target. We performed a photometrical analysis in order to derive its main physical parameters. Results. Garro 03 is located at equatorial coordinates RA = 14:01:29.3 and Dec = −65:30:57.0. From our photometric analysis we find that this cluster is not heavily affected by extinction with AKs = 0.25 ± 0.04 mag and AG = 1.54 ± 0.02 mag. It is located at heliocentric distance of 14.1 ± 0.5 kpc, which places Garro 03 at 10.6 kpc from the Galactic centre and Z = −0.89 kpc below the Galactic plane. We also calculated the mean cluster proper motion of (μα*,μδ)=(−4.57 ± 0.29, −1.36 ± 0.27) mas yr−1. We derived an age of 3 Gyr and metallicity [Fe/H] = −0.5 ± 0.2 by the isochrone-fitting method, employing the PARSEC models. The total luminosity was derived in the Ks and V bands, finding MKs = −6.32 ± 1.10 mag and MV = −4.06 mag. Finally, the core and tidal radii were measured constructing the Garro 03 radial density profile and fitting the King model. We obtained rc = 3.07 ± 0.98 pc and rt = 19.36 ± 15.96 pc, respectively. Conclusions. We photometrically confirm the cluster nature for Garro 03, located in the Galactic disk. It is a distant, low-luminosity, metal-rich star cluster of intermediate age. We also searched for possible signatures (streams or bridges) between Garro 03 and Garro 01, but we exclude a companionship with the present analysis. We need spectroscopic data to classify it as an old open cluster or a young globular cluster, and to understand its origin.

¿Quiénes conocen los canales de ayuda frente a situaciones de violencia en CABA?: Una aproximación a partir de datos de encuesta Safranoff, Ana A partir del análisis de la Encuesta sobre la Situación de las Mujeres en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (2018), el artículo busca explorar qué características de las mujeres están asociadas con la probabilidad de conocer (o no) los distintos canales de ayuda disponibles frente a situaciones de violencia. Los resultados muestran que, en términos generales, las mujeres que nacieron fuera de Argentina y/o tienen menores niveles educativos son menos proclives a conocer los canales de ayuda, lo cual las sitúa en una situación más desfavorable. Asimismo, las mujeres más jóvenes y quienes tienen hijos/as tienden a conocer más los dispositivos y servicios existentes. Estos hallazgos muestran la necesidad de diseñar políticas focalizadas para segmentos específicos de mujeres tendientes a favorecer la difusión de los distintos dispositivos disponibles, de modo tal de que puedan recurrir a ellos en caso de requerirlos, con vistas a lograr una mayor efectividad y eficacia en los modos de diseñar y comunicar las políticas públicas vigentes.; Based on the analysis of the Encuesta sobre la Situación de las Mujeres en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (2018), the article aims to explore which characteristics of women are associated with the likelihood of knowing (or not) the various available channels of assistance in situations of violence. The results show that, in general terms, women born outside of Argentina and/or with lower educational levels are less likely to be aware of the available channels of assistance, placing them in a more unfavorable situation. Additionally, younger women and those with children tend to be more aware of existing devices and services. These findings highlight the need to design targeted policies for specific segments of women aimed at promoting the dissemination of the various available devices, so that they can resort to them if needed, aiming to achieve greater effectiveness and efficiency in the ways of designing and communicating current public policies.

Relación entre el consumo moderado de alcohol, polimorfismos genéticos y el peso corporal en una muestra de la población de la ciudad de Puerto Madryn, Argentina; Relationship between moderate alcohol consumption, genetic polymorphisms and body weight in a population sample of the city of Puerto Madryn, Argentina Perez, Luis Orlando; Ruderman, Anahí; Useglio, Mariana; Ramallo, Virginia; Paschetta, Carolina Andrea; de Azevedo, Soledad; Navarro, Jose Pablo; Morales, Arturo Leonardo; Trujillo Jiménez, Magda Alexandra; Pazos, Bruno Alfredo; Teodoroff, Tamara Alejandra; Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando Introducción. La relación entre la obesidad y el consumo de alcohol es un tema de gran interés para la salud pública. Las bebidas alcohólicas aportan calorías adicionales a la dieta, lo que podría ser un factor relevante en el riesgo de sobrepeso. Sin embargo, su asociación con la ganancia de peso es controversial y está influenciada por múltiples factores.Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre la ingesta moderada de alcohol y el índice de masa corporal, tomando en consideración las variables que pueden influir en dicha relación.Materiales y métodos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 155 personas de la ciudad de Puerto Madryn, Argentina. Cada participante completó un cuestionario sobre salud, estilo de vida, factores demográficos y socioeconómicos. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y genotipificaron polimorfismos de 18 genes relacionados al metabolismo de alcohol. Resultados. Se encontró que el consumo de alcohol moderado está asociado a un índice de masa corporal más bajo, particularmente en el sexo femenino. Un aumento de 14 gramos de alcohol estuvo asociado a un riesgo de 0,68 para la obesidad y 0,71 para el sobrepeso. La variante T del marcador rs4646543 (ALDH1A1), un gen involucrado en el metabolismo del alcohol y en la adipogénesis, estuvo asociado con una mayor frecuencia de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas.Conclusión. Los hallazgos del presente trabajo sugieren que el consumo moderado de alcohol no contribuye significativamente al peso corporal en la muestra estudiada. Además, la asociación con ciertas variantes genéticas, como las del gen ALDH1A1, podrían dar una explicación biológica a la relación inversa observada entre el peso y el consumo de alcohol.; Introduction.The relationship between obesity and alcohol consumption is a topic of significant interest for public health. Alcoholic beverages contribute additional calories to the diet, which could be a relevant factor to the overweight risk. However, its association with weight gain is controversial and influenced by multiple factors.Objective.To analyze the relationship between moderate alcohol intake and body mass index, considering the variables that may influence this relationship.Materials and methods.The sample consisted of 155 individuals from the city of Puerto Madryn, Argentina. Each participant completed a questionnaire on health, lifestyle, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and polymorphisms of 18 genes related to alcohol metabolism were genotyped.Results.We found that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower body mass index, particularly in females. An increase of 14 grams of alcohol was associated with a risk of 0.68 for obesity and 0.71 for overweight. The T variant of the marker rs4646543(ALDH1A1), a gene involved in alcohol metabolism and adipogenesis, was associated with a higher frequency of alcohol consumption.Conclusion.The findings of this study suggest that moderate alcohol consumption does not significantly contribute to body weight in the studied sample. Furthermore, the association with certain genetic variants, such as those of the ALDH1A1 gene, may provide a biological explanation for the inverse relationship observed between weight and alcohol consumption.

Primera confirmación de la existencia de minería prehispánica en la Puna Norte: resultados de las investigaciones en Timón Cruz 2 (Jujuy, Argentina); First confirmation of the existence of pre-hispanic mining in the Northern Puna: Results of investigations in Yimón Cruz 2 (Jujuy, Argentina) Angiorama, Carlos Ignacio; Giusta, Marco Nicolás; Becerra, María Florencia; Perez Pieroni, María Josefina; Torres Vega, Lucrecia Marina Raquel En este trabajo presentamos los primeros resultados de nuestras investigaciones sobre la minería de tiempos prehispánicos en Timón Cruz 2, un sitio arqueológico de la Puna de Jujuy (Argentina). Los avances dan cuenta de una instalación dedicada a la minería aurífera desde al menos el siglo X de nuestra era, y que continuó hasta tiempos coloniales inclusive. La relevancia de la información presentada radica en que se trata de las primeras evidencias fehacientes de actividades mineras prehispánicas en la región, con el registro de herramientas líticas vinculadas al procesamiento de minerales auríferos en contextos fechados y localizados en cercanías de pozos, trincheras, socavones y desmontes, producto de la explotación de oro en veta y en depósitos secundarios.; This paper presents the first results of our research on pre-Columbian mining in Timón Cruz 2, an archaeo- logical site in the Jujuy puna (Argen- tina). These findings shed light on a settlement dedicated to gold mining which dates to at least the 10th century AD and persisted even into colonial times. This research holds significant importance as this site shows the first tangible evidence of pre-Hispan- ic mining activities in the region, with the recording of lithic tools associated with the processing of gold-bearing minerals in dated contexts located near shafts, trenches, adits, and spoil heaps, product of primary gold and secondary deposits exploitation.

Individualism, collectivism, and emotion regulation: A cross-cultural examination among young adults from seven countries Klein, Neelamberi D.; Bravo, Adrian J.; Conway, Christopher C.; Keough, Matthew T.; Pilatti, Angelina; Mezquita, Laura; Henson, James M.; Hogarth, Lee; Ibáñez, Manuel I.; Kaminer, Debra; Ortet, Generós; Pearson, Matthew R.; Prince, Mark A.; Read, Jennifer; Roozen, Hendrik G.; Ruiz, Paul Individualism and collectivism are dimensions of cultural variation thought to shape differences in emotion regulation tendencies, yet research to date has examined these cultural dimensions as country-level features, emphasizing variability across nations. The present study takes the approach of examining cultural differences within nations as predictors of emotion regulation strategies, shifting the perspective instead to individual differences. This present study aimed to address how individual endorsement of individualism-collectivism (i.e. prioritizing individual versus group goals) and vertical-horizontal attitudes (preference for hierarchy versus equality) are associated with use of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., reappraisal and suppression) among college students from seven countries (n=5,900; female=70.80%). Overall, we found that individual differences in individualism-collectivism and vertical-horizontal attitudes had strong connections with young adults’ emotion regulation styles. Results of our multivariate (i.e., all variables were simultaneously examined) regression model revealed: a) higher endorsement of horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism were associated with higher use of reappraisal strategies; b) higher endorsement of horizontal individualism and vertical collectivism were associated with higher use of suppression strategies; while higher endorsement of horizontal collectivism was associated with lower use of suppression strategies. A multi-group model supported the generalizability of these associations across countries. These findings demonstrate the value of approaching cultural differences in emotion regulation from an individual differences framework, and not assuming country-level differences are representative of individuals’ affective experiences. Further work is needed examining models within-country to examine cultural variation in individualism vs collectivism compared to country-level norms.

Aportes del análisis cerámico sobre el uso del espacio en el Puesto Pastoril Pichanal 4 (Sierra del Cajón, provincia de Catamarca) Rampa, Daniel Alfredo En este trabajo se estudia una muestra ampliada de la cerámica superficial del sitio pastoril Pichanal 4 (Sierra del Cajón, Pcia. de Catamarca). Con el fin de evaluar la distribución cerámica existente dentro de los recintos que componen Pichanal 4, se confeccionaron dos dendrogramas que analizan abundancia cerámica, y los estilos y tratamientos presentes en la misma. Los resultados estadísticos confirman que la distribución de la cerámica superficial en Pichanal 4 no fue provocada por el azar. Se corrobora entonces la singularidad de este puesto pastoril, y se plantea una utilización más compleja de sus espacios. Pichanal 4 presenta una mayor extensión, complejidad espacial, abundancia cerámica y variabilidad estilística, que los otros sitios pastoriles de la región, y es posible que, en ciertos momentos del año, algunos de sus grandes corrales concentraran a los grupos de pastores y el ganado disperso en los diferentes puestos de altura de la Sierra del Cajón.

Ohmic baking of gluten free sponge cake: Analysis of technological and quality characteristics Mattioli, Nicolás Gabriel; Olivera, Daniela Flavia; Salvadori, Viviana Olga; Marra, Francesco; Goñi, Sandro Mauricio The demand of gluten-free bakery products is worldwide increasing. Simultaneously, ohmic heating is an alternative heating technology that still deserves further research and development. Therefore, the aim of this work was assessing different technological and quality characteristics of gluten free sponge cake baked by ohmic heating. A custom ohmic system was designed and built and different electric field strengths (1500, 2000 and 2500 V/m) were tested. Conventional baking was performed for comparison purposes. The conventional baking time was 24 minutes, whilst the ohmic heating time ranged from 3.51 minutes at 2500 V/m to 7.93 minutes at 1500 V/m. The ohmic system achieved significantly higher energy efficiencies, reaching nearly 60%, compared to only 4.1% for conventional baking. Additionally, specific energy consumption was significantly lower for ohmic heating. Weight loss was higher for ohmically processed samples, showing larger pores in their inner spongy structure. Ohmic heating resulted in a larger volume expansion and a cake with lower density. The remaining quality characteristics, such as color, hardness, cohesiveness, and elasticity, were not significantly different. Results demonstrated that ohmic heating is a suitable technology for baking gluten-free sponge cakes and that it is a promising technology for fast industrial baking of such products.

Uso y apropiación de zonas ribereñas en la localidad de Villa Ventana (Prov. de Buenos Aires, República Argentina); Use and appropriation of watership areas in Villa Ventana (Buenos Aires, Argentina) Zapperi, Paula Andrea; Volonté, Antonela Este trabajo realizado por docentes de la Universidad de Morón se enfoca en el diseño y transformación de espacios físicos en escuelas estatales de Morón buscando analizar su influencia en la calidad de la educación. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso en dos escuelas secundarias, interviniendo espacios escolares (Patio y Sala Maternal) y combinando observaciones, encuestas y entrevistas con docentes, estudiantes, familias y directores. Los resultados destacan que la flexibilidad de los espacios con sensibilidad ambiental, impactan significativamente en la práctica de la enseñanza y el proceso de aprendizaje. Asimismo, la participación de la comunidad escolar en el diseño y toma de decisiones respecto a los espacios conlleva a una mayor apropiación, inclusión y compromiso con el entorno escolar. En resumen, la transformación de espacios físicos se presenta como una estrategia efectiva para potenciar la calidad educativa en las escuelas estatales de Morón.; Riparian spaces are considered unique and dynamic landscapes of the river territory. The increasing pressure of human activities endangers the ecological integrity of rivers and streams. The objective of this paper is to present the concerns that arise in the town of Villa Ventana (Buenos Aires, Argentina) regarding the use and appropriation of the banks of the two streams that border the town, the Las Piedras and El Belisario streams. Workshops and interviews were conducted with key actors to learn about their perception of the uses and occupation of both streams and to understand the logics of appropriation of the fluvial space. Among the main problems raised by the neighbors, the concern for water supply in times of drought and the restriction of public access to the riverbanks were identified; in view of these situations, it is necessary to provide the tools to achieve a management that prioritizes a balanced interaction between the community and the natural environment.

Animal remains in mortuary contexts in Southern Patagonia: A case study in lake Salitroso (Santa Cruz, Argentina); Restes animaux dans les contextes mortuaires en Patagonie méridionale: Une étude de cas au lac Salitroso (Santa Cruz, Argentine) Rindel, Diego Damián; Garcia Guraieb, Solana; Cassiodoro, Gisela Eva; Goñi, Rafael Agustín The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of faunal remains in funerary contexts from Southern Patagonia. We will particularly emphasize the information obtained in mortuary contexts from Lake Salitroso (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina). In this area a total of 37 burials of different types, such as chenques (i.e. artificial rock burial mounds), burial under blocks and niches, have been studied. Results indicate low frequency of animal remains, mostly corresponding to fox (Lycalopex Burmeister, 1856) and guanaco (Lama guanicoe Müller, 1776). Additionally, certain variability in skeletal part representation has been detected. These characteristics are not reflected in the documentary sources of first European explorers in Patagonia, but are common in the regional archaeological record. Finally, another outcome of interest is the presence of animal remains deposited by natural processes (rodents, edentates and carnivores). The results are contextualized with available regional ethnohistoric and archaeological information to discuss the role of animal species in the funerary practices of hunter-gatherer populations in southern Patagonia.; L’objectif de cet article est de discuter du rôle des restes fauniques dans les contextes funéraires de la Patagonie méridionale. Nous soulignerons en particulier les informations obtenues dans les contextes mortuaires du lac Salitroso (Province de Santa Cruz, Argentine). Dans cette zone, un total de 37 sépultures de différents types, tels que les chenques (tumulus artificiels en roche), les sépultures sous blocs et les niches, ont été étudiées. Les résultats indiquent une faible fréquence de restes d’animaux, correspondant principalement au renard (Lycalopex Burmeister, 1856) et au guanaco (Lama guanicoe Müller, 1776). De plus, une certaine variabilité dans la représentation des parties squelettiques a été détectée. Ces caractéristiques ne se retrouvent pas dans les sources documentaires des premiers explorateurs européens en Patagonie, mais sont communes dans les archives archéologiques régionales. Enfin, un autre résultat d’intérêt est la présence de restes d’animaux déposés par des processus naturels (rongeurs, édentés et carnivores). Les résultats sont contextualisés avec les informations ethno-historiques et archéologiques régionales disponibles pour discuter du rôle des espèces animales dans les pratiques funéraires des populations de chasseurs-cueilleurs du sud de la Patagonie.

Horizontally transferred mitochondrial DNA tracts become circular by microhomology‐mediated repair pathways Roulet, Maria Emilia; Ceriotti, Luis Federico; Gatica Soria, Leonardo Martin; Sánchez Puerta, María Virginia The holoparasitic plant Lophophytum mirabile exhibits remarkable levels of mitochondrial horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Gathering comparative data from other individuals and host plants can provide insights into the HGT process. We sequenced the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) from individuals of two species of Lophophytum and from mimosoid hosts. We applied a stringent phylogenomic approach to elucidate the origin of the whole mtDNAs, estimate the timing of the transfers, and understand the molecular mechanisms involved. Ancestral and recent HGT events replaced and enlarged the multichromosomal mtDNA of Lophophytum spp., with the foreign DNA ascending to 74%. A total of 14 foreign mitochondrial chromosomes originated from continuous regions in the host mtDNA flanked by short direct repeats. These foreign tracts are circularized by microhomology-mediated repair pathways and replicate independently until they are lost or they eventually recombine with other chromosomes. The foreign noncoding chromosomes are variably present in the population and likely evolve by genetic drift. We present the ‘circle-mediated HGT’ model in which foreign mitochondrial DNA tracts become circular and are maintained as plasmid-like molecules. This model challenges the conventional belief that foreign DNA must be integrated into the recipient genome for successful HGT.

La extensión universitaria como estrategia de (re)valorización turística del patrimonio en pequeñas localidades rurales: Un caso en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) Pinassi, Andrés; Schenkel, Erica Natalia; Matamala, Romina Daiana El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar una iniciativa de extensión universitaria, como estrategia de (re)valorización turística del patrimonio, en una pequeña localidad rural de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). La metodología se estructura a partir de un trabajo de investigación-acción, con un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, caracterizado por la búsqueda de respuestas y soluciones a situaciones problemáticas concretas. Como resultado, se evidencia un caso de buenas prácticas de transferencia al medio por parte de la institución educativa superior, donde a partir de la labor articulada entre los actores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, se concreta una propuesta turístico-recreativa que visibiliza patrimonios, historias e identidades representativas para los locales.; The aim of this paper is to analyze a university extension initiative as a strategy for the (re)valorization of tourism heritage in a small rural town in Buenos Aires province (Argentina). The methodology is based on action research, with a qualitative - quantitative approach. It is characterized by the search for answers and solutions to specific problematic situations. As a result, a case of good practices of transfer to the environment by the higher education institution is evidenced. From the articulated work between governmental and non-governmental actors, a tourist-recreational proposal that makes visible heritage, histories and representative identities for the locals has materialized.

Creencias ambientales y motivaciones proambientales; Environmental beliefs and pro-environmental motivations Moreno, José Eduardo; Favara, Jésica Verónica; Rodriguez, Lucas Marcelo La psicología ambiental ha realizado aportes, entendiendo que el comportamiento de los seres humanos es uno de losfactores decisivos en el deterioro ambiental. El Nuevo Paradigma Ecológico (NEP) es una propuesta de tipoecocéntrica centrada en la naturaleza y en la persona humana inmersa en el mundo natural.El objetivo general de esta investigación fue evaluar las creencias proambientales y las motivaciones proambientalesen jóvenes y adultos argentinos residentes en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA) y Gran Paraná (ciudadde Paraná y alrededores). La muestra estuvo conformada por 737 jóvenes y adultos de 16 a 65 años (381 mujeres,51,7 %; 356 varones; 48,3 %).Los participantes contestaron un cuestionario ad hoc conformado por preguntas sociodemográficas (edad, género,estado civil, estudios, trabajo, etc.), dos preguntas sobre motivaciones proambientales y la Escala de creencias acercade la vida en nuestro planeta (Escala Nuevo Paradigma Ecológico - NEP).Los resultados muestran que en relación con la motivación para realizar actividades proambientales, se observa queel 54,6 % está de acuerdo o totalmente de acuerdo en realizar o estar realizando actividades proambientales. Respectoa la motivación para recibir o demandar educación proambiental, se observa que el 89,7 % está de acuerdo ototalmente de acuerdo en recibir o demandar educación proambiental. Además, se evidenció que existe asociaciónentre las creencias y las motivaciones proambientales: los participantes que están motivados en realizar actividadesproambientales poseen en mayor medida creencias proambientales que los que son indiferentes o están en desacuerdoen realizar dichas actividades.; Environmental Psychology has made contributions, understanding that human behavior is one of the decisive factors in environmental deterioration. The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) is an ecocentric proposal centered on nature and the human being immersed in the natural world. The general objective of this research was to evaluate pro-environmental beliefs and motivations in young and adult Argentinians residing in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA) and Gran Paraná (city of Paraná and surroundings). The sample consisted of 737 young and adult participants aged 16 to 65 (381 females, 51.7%; 356 males, 48.3%). Participants answered an ad hoc questionnaire comprising sociodemographic questions (age, gender, marital status, education, employment, etc.), two questions on pro-environmental motivations, and the Scale of beliefs about life on our planet (New Ecological Paradigm Scale - NEP). The results show that regarding the motivation to engage in pro-environmental activities, 54.6% agree or fully agree to perform or be performing pro-environmental activities. Regarding the motivation to receive or demand proenvironmental education, 89.7% agree or fully agree to receive or demand pro-environmental education. Furthermore, it was evidenced that there is an association between beliefs and pro-environmental motivations; participants who are motivated to engage in pro-environmental activities have pro-environmental beliefs to a greater extent than those who are indifferent or disagree with engaging in such activities.

Effects of cattle intrusion on environmental conditions and fish assemblages of temperate neotropical prairie streams Bertora, Andrea; Grosman, Fabián; Sanzano, Pablo Miguel; Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín; Rosso, Juan Jose Livestock grazing is a major economic activity worldwide. Cattle frequently graze and congregate in watercourses and riparian areas because of the availability of water, shade and the quality and variety of forage, thereby altering the ecological condition of stream ecosystems. We have explored the effects of cattle intrusion on the environmental conditions and fish assemblages of four neotropical prairie streams from Argentina’s Pampas region. At each stream, both ungrazed and grazed conditions were surveyed. Water quality, habitat structure, riparian vegetation and fish assemblages were sampled. Significant detrimental changes were observed in environmental conditions of grazed sites in contrast to ungrazed sites. Fish assemblage structure and function were also significantly influenced by the environmental conditions imposed by cattle intrusion. Our results reveal the magnitude and direction of environmental changes imposed by cattle intrusion in prairie streams and highlight several key aspects of fish assemblages and populations that change accordingly. Relevant aspects for conservation and management purposes of these fragile ecosystems, such as protection of riparian vegetation condition and the control of cattle access and social engagement, are discussed.

La génesis de la institución política. Los paradigmas de Aristóteles y de Hobbes; The Genesis of the Political Institution. The Paradigms of Aristotle and Hobbes Zícari, Julian Norberto El presente trabajo busca cuestionar los ejes centrales sobre los cuales el canon académico tradicional estableció la contraposición entre los paradigmas políticos de Aristóteles y Hobbes con vistas a la génesis de la institución política. Uno, sobre pautas naturales, evolutivas y armónicas, mientras que el otro, artificiales, rupturistas y conflictivas.Uno sobre pautas naturales, evolutivas y armónicas, mientras que el otro artificiales, rupturistas y conflictivas. Para ello se revisará la letra de sus planteos y se señalarán diferencias pocas veces consideradas, entre ellas el desigual rol jugado por los individuos en sus esquemas.; The work seeks to question the central axes on which the traditional academic canon established the contrast between the political paradigms between Aristotle and Hobbes respect to the genesis of the political institution. One on natural, evolutionary and harmonic patterns, while the other artificial, disruptive and conflictive. To do this, the letter of their proposals will be reviewed, differences rarely considered, among them thttps://ri.conicet.gov.ar/admin/static/img/broom.pnghe unequal role played by individuals in their schemes.

Abordaje comparado de la violencia homicida hacia mujeres indígenas guaraníes: Las causas, los imputados y los alegatos (1772-1805); A comparative study of homicidal violence against indigenous Guaraní women: Causes, defendants, and accusations (1772-1805); Étude comparée de la violence homicide contre des femmes indigènes guarani: Causes, défendeurs et plaidoiries (1772-1805) Quarleri, Lia Renata El presente trabajo parte del estudio comparado de expedientes judiciales en torno a las muertes provocadas a tres mujeres indígenas de las misiones guaraníes, Tecla Yati, Francisca Cheyrú y Pascuala Achay, en las décadas posteriores a la expulsión de los jesuitas. Los homicidios fueron ejecutados en San Javier, San Borja y Santa Rosa de Lima, respectivamente, tras lo cual quedaron imputados tres hombres de los pueblos. En los dos primeros casos se detuvo a sus esposos y en el tercero al titular del cacicazgo al que pertenecía Pascuala. Interesa, por un lado, reparar en el tratamiento judicial dado a la violencia homicida ejercida sobre mujeres guaraníes y, por otro lado, presentar líneas de interpretación en relación a contextos socio-culturales dentro de los cuales esos crímenes se ejecutaron.; This study conducts a comparative analysis of judicial records concerning the homicides of three indigenous women from the Guaraní missions—Tecla Yati, Francisca Cheyrú, and Pascuala Achay—in the decades following the expulsion of the Jesuits. The homicides occurred in San Javier, San Borja, and Santa Rosa de Lima, respectively, leading to the prosecution of three men from these towns. In the first two cases, the victims' husbands were arrested, while in the third case, the leader of the chiefdom to which Pascuala belonged was detained. This research aims to examine the judicial handling of homicide cases involving Guaraní women and to offer interpretive insights into the socio-cultural contexts in which these crimes took place.; Cette recherche est basée sur l'étude comparative de dossiers judiciaires concernant les homicides commis contre trois femmes indigènes des missions guaraníes, Tecla Yati, Francisca Cheyrú et Pascuala Achay, dans les décennies suivant l'expulsion des jésuites. Les homicides ont eu lieu à San Javier, San Borja et Santa Rosa de Lima, respectivement, après quoi trois hommes des localités ont été accusés. Dans les deux premiers cas, leurs maris ont été arrêtés et, dans le troisième cas, le chef du chef-lieu auquel appartenait Pascuala a été arrêté. Cette étude se penchera sur le traitement judiciaire de la violence homicide exercée contre les femmes guaraníes. De plus, elle cherche à présenter des pistes d'interprétation en relation avec les contextes socio-culturels dans lesquels ces crimes ont été commis.

An update on the novel methods for the discovery of antiseizure and antiepileptogenic medications: where are we in 2024? Talevi, Alan; Bellera, Carolina Leticia Introduction: Despite the availability of around 30 antiseizure medications, 1/3 of patients with epilepsy fail to become seizure-free upon pharmacological treatment. Available medications provide adequate symptomatic control in two-thirds of patients, but disease-modifying drugs are still scarce. Recently, though, new paradigms have been explored.Areas covered: Three areas are reviewed in which a high degree of innovation in the search for novel antiseizure and antiepileptogenic medications has been implemented: development of novel screening approaches, search for novel therapeutic targets, and adoption of new drug discovery paradigms aligned with a systems pharmacology perspective.Expert opinion: In the past, worldwide leaders in epilepsy have reiteratively stated that the lack of progress in the field may be explained by the recurrent use of the same molecular targets and screening procedures to identify novel medications. This landscape has changed recently, as reflected by the new Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program and the introduction of many in vitro and in vivo models that could possibly improve our chances of identifying first-in-class medications that may control drug-resistant epilepsy or modify the course of disease. Other milestones include the study of new molecular targets for disease-modifying drugs and exploration of a systems pharmacology perspective to design new drugs.