Developmentally Programmed Tankyrase Activity Upregulates β-Catenin and Licenses Progression of Embryonic Genome Activation Gambini, Andres; Stein, Paula; Savy, Virginia; Grow, Edward J.; Papas, Brian N.; Zhang, Yingpei; Kenan, Anna C.; Padilla Banks, Elizabeth; Cairns, Bradley R.; Williams, Carmen J. Embryonic genome activation (EGA) is orchestrated by an intrinsic developmental program initiated during oocyte maturation with translation of stored maternal mRNAs. Here, we show that tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase that regulates β-catenin levels, undergoes programmed translation during oocyte maturation and serves an essential role in mouse EGA. Newly translated TNKS triggers proteasomal degradation of axin, reducing targeted destruction of β-catenin and promoting β-catenin-mediated transcription of target genes, including Myc. MYC mediates ribosomal RNA transcription in 2-cell embryos, supporting global protein synthesis. Suppression of tankyrase activity using knockdown or chemical inhibition causes loss of nuclear β-catenin and global reductions in transcription and histone H3 acetylation. Chromatin and transcriptional profiling indicate that development arrests prior to the mid-2-cell stage, mediated in part by reductions in β-catenin and MYC. These findings indicate that post-transcriptional regulation of tankyrase serves as a ligand-independent developmental mechanism for post-translational β-catenin activation and is required to complete EGA.

¿Por qué pensar en la educación en cárceles en contexto de pandemia? Perez, Camila A quienes desde hace años trabajamos defendiendo el derecho a la educación en las cárceles argentinas el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio, promulgado el 20 de marzo del 2020, nos ha conmocionado mucho. Dejar de asistir a las cárceles donde trabajábamos semanalmente y pensar cómo vivirían esta situación nuestros estudiantes privados de su libertad modificó nuestra vida cotidiana y nos enfrentó a nuevos desafíos.En este artículo propongo una primera reflexión de un proceso personal pero también colectivo, con el intento de documentar las primeras inquietudes, intervenciones y aprendizajes emergentes. Este material deberá ser analizado cuidadosamente más adelante, cuando esta situación ?excepcional? pase y podamos visualizar su impacto en los diferentes contextos de encierro en los que nos desempeñamos como educadores, militantes e investigadores.

Preocupaciones y demandas frente a Covid-19 : encuesta al personal de salud; Concerns and demands regarding COVID-19. Survey of health personnel Ortiz, Zulma; Antonietti, Laura; Capriati, Alejandro Jose; Ramos, Silvina; Romero, Mariana; Mariani, Javier; Ortiz, Fabián; Pecheny, Mario Martín La pandemia por COVID-19 afectó la organización de los servicios de salud y tuvo consecuencias en los equipos de salud, según las condiciones laborales y de bioseguridad pre-existentes en cada institución. Durante la primera semana de abril de 2020 se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. El objetivo fue indagar acerca de las condiciones que determinan el clima organizacional: liderazgo, comunicación, recursos institucionales, cohesión/gestión de conflictos y capacitación; y cómo éstas eran percibidas por el personal de salud para hacer frente a la pandemia. Se realizaron 5670 encuestas a trabajadores/as y 50 entrevistas a informantes clave de los tres subsectores del sistema de salud (público, privado y de seguridad social). En las encuestas, el 72.9% fueron mujeres, el 51.4% médicos/as y el grupo etario predominante fue el de menores de 40 años. El 47.8% de los/as participantes refirió pluriempleo. En las entrevistas, el 52% fueron varones, el 60% médicos/ as, la edad media 44.8 años. Se estratificaron las dimensiones y se identificaron predictores independientes de percepción: edad, género, tipo de tareas, subsector y jurisdicción. La dimensión percibida con mayor frecuencia como inadecuada fue la de recursos institucionales y la disponibilidad de equipos de protección personal fue identificada como una de las principales preocupaciones. Surgieron demandas de estrategias de contención para el personal de salud y de comunicación institucional clara y uniforme. En conclusión, al momento del estudio el personal de salud percibía serios déficits en sus organizaciones respecto de las condiciones necesarias para enfrentar la pandemia, con diferencias entre subsectores del sistema.; The COVID-19 pandemic affected the organization of health services and had consequences for health teams, according to the pre-existing safety and working conditions. During the first week of April 2020, a cross sectional study was carried out with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The aim was to explore the conditions determining the organizational climate: leadership, communication, institutional resources, cohesion/conflict management, and training; and how these were perceived by health personnel to deal with the pandemic. A total of 5670 healthcare workers participated in an online survey and 50 were interviewed, from all subsectors of the Argentinean health system (public, private and union-health insurance); 72.9% were women, 51.4% were physicians, and the predominant age group was under 40 years. In the qualitative sample (interviews), 52% were men, 62% were physicians, and the average age was 44.8 years. The dimensions of the organizational climate were stratified and five independent predictors of perception of conditions were identified: age, gender, tasks performed, health system subsector, and jurisdiction. The condition most frequently perceived as inadequate were the inaccessibility of institutional resources and the access to personal protective equipment was a major concern. Claims included the need of institutional strategies to support healthcare workers and of a clear and uniform communication. In conclusion, at the time of the study, the health personnel perceived serious deficits in their organizations regarding the conditions necessary to confront COVID-19, with differences among subsectors of the health system.

Simulaciones de dinámica molecular de conductividad térmica entre dos nanopartículas en contacto; Molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivity between two particles in contact Mora Barzaga, Geraudys; Miranda, Enrique Nestor; Bringa, Eduardo Marcial The nanoscale properties of materials can have a great influence on their macroscopic behavior; for instance, the generation and accumulationof defects at the nanoscale, such as point defects, porosity, and interfaces, can change their thermal properties. In this work, we studythe role of an interface in the thermal conductivity between two nanoparticles without any external load. We consider a system subjected toa temperature gradient perpendicular to the contact surface and study the thermal conductivity, thermal conductance, thermal resistance,and contact resistance vs nanoparticle size. The thermal resistance at the interface increases linearly with nanoparticles? contact radius ac.A model based on the contact area between two nanoparticles allows us to reasonably explain the obtained numerical results for thethermal conductivity, leading to a net decrease in effective conductivity as the nanoparticle size increases, reasonably well described by a(ac/R) dependence. Simulated thermal conductance was found to be proportional to (ac/R).

Ecosystem services in urban ecological infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean: how do they contribute to urban planning? Romero Duque, Luz Piedad; Trilleras, Jenny M.; Castellarini, Fabiana; Quijas, Sandra We developed a conceptual framework that describes the key role of ecosystem services in urban ecological infrastructure. From this framework we analyze how research on ecosystem services has been addressed in cities of Latin America and the Caribbean, in order to discuss their incorporation into policies of urban planning, in the context of nature-based solutions and sustainable development goals. Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Argentina represent 90% of research in urban ecosystem services, all of them except Colombia had carried out studies considering green, blue and gray-hybrid infrastructures. However, green-hybrid infrastructure clustered most of the studies. Ecosystem service supply component and intermediate beneficiaries are the most studied. Our results show that most studies have not been developed from the perspective of the biophysical, sociocultural or economic assessment of ecosystem services, on the contrary we recognized or deduced them from proxy variables found within the studies. Our findings suggest that the study of urban ecosystem services in Latin America and the Caribbean is in development and has begun to increase in the last decade. However, we found that the incorporation of urban ecosystem services in urban planning is low, but at the same time, it is in a promising development related to the application of innovative actions such as nature-based solutions and in support of the new global urban agenda.

Continuous and discrete dynamical sampling Díaz Martín, Rocío Patricia; Medri, Ivan Vladimir; Molter, Ursula Maria In this paper we study the continuous dynamical sampling problem at infinite time in a complex Hilbert space H. We find necessary and sufficient conditions on a bounded linear operator A∈B(H) and a set of vectors G⊂H, in order to obtain that {etAg}g∈G,t∈[0,∞) is a semi-continuous frame for H. We study if it is possible to discretize the time variable t and still have a frame for H. We also relate the continuous iteration etA on a set G to the discrete iteration (A′)n on G′ for an adequate operator A′ and set G′⊂H.

Development of a hyperimmune equine serum therapy for COVID-19 in Argentina; Desarrollo de un suero equino hiperinmune para el tratamiento de COVID-19 en Argentina Zylberman, Vanesa; Sanguineti, Santiago; Pontoriero, Andrea; Higa, Sandra V.; Cerutti, Maria Laura; Morrone Seijo, Susana María; Pardo, Romina Paola; Muñoz, Luciana; Acuña Intieri, María Eugenia; Alzogaray, Vanina Andrea; Avaro, Martín M.; Benedetti, Estefanía; Berguer, Paula Mercedes; Bocanera, Laura; Bukata, Lucas; Bustelo, Marina S.; Campos, Ana M.; Colonna, Mariana; Correa, Elisa; Cragnaz, Lucí­a; Dattero, María E.; Dellafiore, María Andrea; Foscaldi, Sabrina Andrea; González, Joaquí­n V.; Guerra, Luciano Lucas; Klinke, Sebastian; Labanda, María Soledad; Lauché, Constanza Elena; López, Juan C.; Martínez, Anabela M.; Otero, Lisandro Horacio; Peyric, Elías H.; Ponziani, Pablo F.; Ramondino, Romina; Rinaldi, Jimena Julieta; Rodrí­guez, Santiago; Russo, Javier E.; Russo, Mara Laura; Saavedra, Soledad Lorena; Seigelchifer, Mauricio; Sosa, Santiago; Vilariño, Claudio; López Biscayart, Patricia; Corley, Esteban; Spatz, Linus; Baumeister, Elsa; Goldbaum, Fernando Alberto La enfermedad denominada COVID-19 es causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 y es actualmente considerada una pandemia a nivel global. El desarrollo de vacunas es sin duda la mejor estrategia a largo plazo, pero debido a la emergencia sanitaria, existe una necesidad urgente de encontrar soluciones rápidas y efectivas para el tratamiento de la enfermedad. Hasta la fecha, el uso de plasma de convalecientes es la única inmunoterapia disponible para pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19. El uso de anticuerpos policlonales equinos (EpAbs) es otra alternativa terapéutica interesante. La nueva generación de EpAbs incluyen el procesamiento y purificación de los mismos y la obtención de fragmentos F(ab’)2 con alta pureza y un excelente perfil de seguridad en humanos. Los EpAbs son fáciles de producir, lo cual permite el desarrollo rápido y la elaboración a gran escala de un producto terapéutico. En este trabajo mostramos el desarrollo de un suero terapéutico obtenido luego de la inmunización de caballos utilizando el receptor-binding domain de la glicoproteína Spike del virus. Nuestro producto mostró ser alrededor de 50 veces más potente en ensayos de seroneutralización in vitro que el promedio de los plasmas de convalecientes. Estos resultados nos permitirían testear la seguridad y eficacia de nuestro producto en ensayos clínicos de fase 2/3 a realizarse a partir de julio de 2020 en la zona metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina.; The disease named COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is currently generating a global pandemic. Vaccine development is no doubt the best long-term immunological approach, but in the current epidemiologic and health emergency there is a need for rapid and effective solutions. Convalescent plasma is the only antibody-based therapy available for COVID-19 patients to date. Equine polyclonal antibodies (EpAbs) put forward a sound alternative. The new generation of processed and purified EpAbs containing highly purified F(ab’)2 fragments demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated. EpAbs are easy to manufacture allowing a fast development and scaling up for a treatment. Based on these ideas, we present a new therapeutic product obtained after immunization of horses with the receptor-binding domain of the viral Spike glycoprotein. Our product shows around 50 times more potency in in vitro seroneutralization assays than the average of convalescent plasma. This result may allow us to test the safety and efficacy of this product in a phase 2/3 clinical trial to be conducted in July 2020 in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Migrantes senegaleses frente a la pandemia. Una comunidad que se organiza Murguia Cruz, Nelida Abril; Kleidermacher, Gisele Paola Un recorrido sobre las acciones que ha realizado la comunidad senegalesa para atravesar esta particular situación en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, desencadenada por la pandemia. Realizado a través de conversaciones telefónicas y mediante el trabajo directo con organizaciones en las que participan, o bien, con las que se relacionan, ya sea institucionales o de la sociedad civil, ya sea argentinas o de la propia comunidad senegalesa.

Land-use changes in the periurban interface: Hydrologic consequences on a flatland-watershed scale Delgado, María Isabel; Carol, Eleonora Silvina; Casco, Maria Adela The aim of this work was to analyze the hydrologic effects on surface runoff and infiltration of changes in land use and land coverage. The periurban-flatland watershed of El Pescado Creek (Argentina) was the study site investigated. We used Geographic-Information-System techniques together with the curve-number method (CN) to estimate the surface runoff in five land-use scenarios having increasing levels of anthropic impact (years 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016, and 2026) considering two rainfalls and the antecedent-runoff conditions (ARC) defined by that methodology. We identified three hydrologic-soil Groups (B, C, and D) and five land uses (grassland, forest, urbanization, greenhouses, and poultry farms). Land use and land coverage change process increased CN values, and consequently the estimated surface runoff, especially in the upper watershed. Changes towards impervious (687 ha with greenhouses and poultry farms) or semi-impervious land coverage (800 ha with urbanizations) affected infiltration. The most contrasting results were related to the ARC I, II, and III weighted-average infiltration of the watershed that diminished from above 93.0%, down to 88.5% and finally to 50.4%, respectively (calculated with data from the 55.8-mm rainfall), and from 86.6%, to 58.3%, and to finally 28.8% (calculated with data from the 117.8 mm rainfall). Simulating a near-future land-use scenario (year 2026) enabled us to estimate the watershed pattern by adding new area containing semi-impervious and impervious land coverage. The estimated weighted-average infiltrations (ARC II) were 81.3% and 54.9%, for the above 55.8-mm and 117.8-mm rainfalls, respectively. Changes concerning infiltration might be disturbing the natural recharging process of aquifers, carrying out modifications in the hydrodynamics of the watershed, and also affecting water supply for human activities in the territory.

Ciencia y tecnología en la provincia de Buenos Aires: Capacidades y propuestas; Science and technology in the province of Buenos Aires: Capabilities and proposals; Ciência e tecnologia na província de Buenos Aires: Capacidades e propostas Bilmes, Gabriel Mario; Liaudat, Santiago; Ranea Sandoval, Ignacio Francisco; Bilmes, Julián; Baum, Gabriel : La provincia de Buenos Aires (PBA) reúne poco más del 30% de la inversión pública y privada total en I+D de Argentina. Su magnitud es tal que, si fuese un país, podría ocupar el cuarto lugar en inversión en este rubro, después de Brasil, México y Argentina. Es el distrito que produce la mayor cantidad de publicaciones científicas y el que tiene mayor número de personas dedicadas a actividades de I+D. Sin embargo, no ha logrado organizar toda esta potencialidad, ni articularla a su desarrollo productivo y social. El presente artículo busca poner de relieve la importancia y necesidad de contar con una política provincial de CyT que responda a las demandas socioproductivas de la PBA. Para ello se muestra, por un lado, las capacidades CyT con las que cuenta. Por otro lado, se presenta un conjunto de propuestas para que el complejo de instituciones CyT que trabajan en el territorio de la PBA pueda colaborar en la resolución de los graves problemas que afectan a la región.; The Province of Buenos Aires (PBA) gathers just over 30% of total public and private investment in R&D in Argentina. Its magnitude is such that, if it were a country, it could occupy the fourth place in investment in this area, after Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. It is the district that produces the most scientific publications and the one with the largest number of people dedicated to R&D activities. However, it has not managed to organize all this potential, nor to articulate it to its productive and social development. This article seeks to highlight the importance and need of having a provincial S&T policy that responds to the socio-productive demands of the PBA. For this, it shows, on the one hand, the S&T capabilities that it has. On the other hand, a set of proposals is presented so that the complex of S&T institutions working in the PBA territory can collaborate in solving the serious problems that affect the region.; A Província de Buenos Aires (PBA) reúne pouco mais de 30% do investimento público e privado total em P&D na Argentina. Sua magnitude é tal que, se fosse um país, poderia ocupar o quarto lugar em investimentos nessa área, depois do Brasil, México e Argentina. É o distrito que produz mais publicações científicas e aquele com o maior número de pessoas dedicadas às atividades de P&D. No entanto, não conseguiu organizar todo esse potencial nem articulá-lo ao seu desenvolvimento produtivo e social. Este artigo procura destacar a importância e a necessidade de uma política provincial de C&T que responda às demandas sócio-produtivas do PBA. Para isso, mostra, primeiramente, os recursos de C&T que possui. Em segundo lugar, é apresentado um conjunto de propostas para que o complexo de instituições de C&T, que trabalham no território do PBA, possa colaborar na solução dos graves problemas que afetam a região.

Routh reduction of palatini gravity in vacuum Capriotti, Santiago An interpretation of Einstein-Hilbert gravity equations as Lagrangian reduction of Palatini gravity is made. The main technique involved in this task consists in representing the equations of motion as a set of differential forms on a suitable bundle. In this setting Einstein-Hilbert gravity can be considered as a kind of Routh reduction of the underlying field theory for Palatini gravity. As a byproduct of this approach, a novel set of conditions for the existence of a vielbein for a given metric is found.

Left ventricle segmentation using a Bayesian approach with distance dependent shape priors Cardenas, Rodrigo; Curiale, Ariel Hernán; Mato, German We propose a method for segmentation of the left ventricle in magnetic resonance cardiac images. The framework consists of an initial Bayesian segmentation of the central slice of the volume. This segmentation is used to locate a shape prior for the LV myocardial tissue. This shape prior is determined using the fact that the myocardium is approximately annular as seen in the short-axis. Then a second Bayesian segmentation is performed to obtain the final result. This procedure is repeated for the rest of the slices. An extrapolation of the area of the LV is used to determine a stopping criterion. The method was evaluated on the databases of the Cardiac Atlas project. Our results demonstrate a suitable accuracy for myocardial segmentation (≈0.8 Dice’s coefficient). For the endocardium and the epicardium the Dice’s coefficients are 0.94 and 0.9 respectively. The accuracy was also evaluated in terms of the Hausdorff distance and the average distance. For the myocardium we obtain 8 mm and 2 mm respectively. Our results demonstrate the capability and merits of the proposed method to estimate the structure of the LV. The method requires minimal user input and generates results with quality comparable to more complex approaches. This paper suggests a new efficient approach for automatic LV quantification based on a Bayesian technique with shape priors with errors comparable to state-of-the-art techniques.

Giro neoliberal en Argentina y Brasil en los últimos años: Periferialización, dependencia y desigualdad; Neoliberal turn in Argentina and Brazil in recent years: Peripheralization, dependency and inequality Merino, Gabriel Esteban América Latina es conocida como la región más desigual del mundo en términos de ingresos, y también resalta por su carácter “subdesarrollado” o sus niveles de pobreza. Las visiones dominantes invisibilizan que estos fenómenos están estrechamente relacionados con el hecho de que la región se ubica desde los orígenes del capitalismo y del sistema mundial moderno como periferia (fundante), envuelta en la lógica del desarrollo desigual y combinado. es una región en donde se expresan con claridad, y también con ciertas particularidades, las consecuencias económico-sociales de la situación de dependencia, del lugar subordinado en la división internacional del trabajo y en el sistema interestatal. sin embargo, esto no es una situación constante e inmodificable. Así como a partir de ciertos momentos se observan giros políticos –“progresistas”, de “izquierda”, “populistas”, “posneoliberales”, o nacionales populares desde nuestra perspectiva– que tienden a revertir o al menos a matizar las condiciones señaladas, también se observan giros que las refuerzan. en este sentido, en el presente trabajo se analiza el giro político estratégico que se produjo a partir de 2015-2016 en argentina y Brasil, a favor de un programa neoliberal-periférico que desplazó al programa nacional neodesarrollista y a la articulación político-social que lo sostenía. Ello impactó en el rápido aumento de la desigualdad de riquezas e ingresos, de la pobreza, del desempleo y de la brecha con respecto del centro y de otros territorios semiperiféricos. Desde esta perspectiva, argentina y Brasil se encuentran en una encrucijada fundamental: profundizar su retroceso bajo un programa de neoliberalismo periférico y la subordinación a una potencia en declive, o producir un nuevo giro político y desarrollar una estrategia regional para terminar con las condiciones de subordinación y dependencia.; Latin America is known as the most unequal region in the world in terms of income, and it also stands out for its “underdeveloped” nature or its poverty levels. The dominant perspectives make invisible that these phenomena are closely related to the fact that the region is located in the origins of capitalism and the modern world system as a periphery (founding), wrapped in the logic of unequal and combined development. It is a region where the socio-economic consequences of the situation of dependency, of the subordinate place in the international division of labor and in the interstate system are expressed clearly and with certain particularities. However, it is not a constant and unchangeable situation. Just as from certain moments we observe political turns -"progressive","left","populist","post-neoliberal", or popular nationals from our perspective - which tend to reverse or at least moderate the indicated conditions, we also observe turns that reinforce them. In this sense, this paper analyzes the strategic political turn that took place from 2015-2016 in argentina and Brazil, in favor of a neoliberal-peripheral program that displaced the national neo-developmental program and the socio-political articulation that sustained it. This had an impact on the rapid increase in wealth and income inequality, poverty, unemployment and the gap respecting the center and other semi-peripheral territories. From this perspective, argentina and Brazil are at a fundamental crossroad: deepening their setback under a program of peripheral neoliberalism and subordination to a declining power, or gene- rating a new political turn and developing a regional strategy to end the conditions of subordination and dependency.

Genetic diversity, population structure, and immigration, in a partially hunted puma population of south-central Argentina Gallo, Orlando; Castillo, Diego Fabián; Barata Godinho, Maria Raquel; Casanave, Emma Beatriz Los carnívoros están disminuyendo a nivel mundial debido en parte a los disturbios ecológicos de origen antrópico. En Argentina, las actividades humanas han fragmentado el hábitat natural, lo cual ha intensificado el conflicto puma-ganadería llevando al control local de las poblaciones mediante la caza. En este trabajo se investigó la variabilidad genética y la estructura poblacional de pumas (Puma concolor) de tres provincias del centro-sur de Argentina con dos diferentes políticas de manejo para la especie: protección versus caza legal. Las estimaciones se basaron en 83 individuos genotipados utilizando 25 loci microsatélites especie específicos. La diversidad genética general resultó ser alta (heterocigosidad observada = 0,63) pero más baja que la de otras poblaciones sudamericanas. Los análisis espaciales revelaron la presencia de dos grupos genéticos con signos de cuello de botella, diversidad muy similar y un flujo génico bajo (3% por generación) entre ellos. Sin embargo, los análisis basados en grupos definidos a priori mostraron que el patrón del flujo de genes sigue valores crecientes de la presión de caza, convergiendo en el área con el mayor número de individuos cazados. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la presión de caza probablemente está contribuyendo al patrón de flujo génico, limitando los movimientos de los pumas y creando una dinámica meta-poblacional entre las subpoblaciones geográficas. Es necesario realizar estudios integrando aspectos demográficos y genéticos para una mejor compresión de los movimientos de los pumas a través del paisaje, y adoptar planes de manejo exitosos para la conservación de la población a largo plazo.; Carnivores are decreasing globally due in part to anthropogenic ecological disturbances. In Argentina, human activities have fragmented wildlife habitat, thereby intensifying puma–livestock conflict and leading to population control of the predator species by hunting. We investigated genetic variability and population structure of pumas (Puma concolor) from three south-central Argentine provinces with two different management policies for the species: full protection versus legal hunting. All genetic estimates were based on 83 individuals genotyped at 25 species-specific microsatellite loci. The overall genetic diversity was high (observed heterozygosity = 0.63), but lower than in other South American populations. Spatial analyses revealed the presence of two bottlenecked genetic clusters with very similar diversity and low gene flow (3% per generation) between them. However, analyses based on a priori separated groups showed that gene flow follows increasing values of hunting pressure, converging to the area with the greatest number of individuals harvested. Our results suggest that hunting pressure likely is contributing to the gene flow pattern, limiting pumas’ movements and creating a metapopulation dynamic among geographic subpopulations. Integrated demographic and genetic approaches are needed to better understand pumas’ movements across the landscape and adopt successful management plans to achieve long-term population viability.

16S rRNA gene diversity in the salt crust of Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, the World’s Largest Salt Flat Pecher, Wolf T.; Martínez, Fabiana Lilian; DasSarma, Priya; Guzmán, Daniel; DasSarma, Shiladitya Salar de Uyuni is a vast, high-altitude salt flat in Bolivia with extreme physico-geochemical properties approaching multiple limits of life. Evidence for diverse halophilic bacteria and archaea was found in its surface and near-surface salt crust using 16S amplicon analysis, providing a snapshot of prokaryotic life.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Lignocellulose-Degrading Actinomycete Streptomyces albus CAS922 Tippelt, Anna; Nett, Markus; Vela Gurovic, Maria Soledad Streptomyces albus CAS922 was isolated from sunflower seed hulls. Its fully sequenced genome harbors a multitude of genes for carbohydrate-active enzymes, which likely facilitate growth on lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, the presence of 27 predicted biosynthetic gene clusters indicates a significant potential for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites.

Lufenuron can be transferred by gravid Aedes aegypti females to breeding sites and can afect their fertility, fecundity and blood intake capacity Gonzalez, Paula Valeria; Harburguer, Laura Vanesa BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti (L.) is the main vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. A new method for controlling this mosquito has been developed based on the possibility that wild adult mosquitoes exposed to artificial resting sites contaminated with a larvicide, can disseminate it to larval breeding sites, is named "auto-dissemination". The present study was undertaken to evaluate if a chitin synthesis inhibitor like lufenuron can be disseminated to larval breeding sites and prevent adult emergence and also if forced contact of Ae. aegypti females with treated surfaces can affect its fertility, fecundity, and blood intake capacity. METHODS: Larval susceptibility to lufenuron was measured through EI50 and EI90. On the other hand, gravid females were exposed by tarsal contact to lufenuron-treated papers, we used the WHO susceptibility test kit tube to line the papers, and 1, 3 or 5 females for the transference. We also evaluated if the exposure of female mosquitoes to lufenuron-treated papers (0.4 and 1 mg a.i./cm2) has an effect on their fertility, fecundity or in the ability to feed on blood. In each assay 12-15 female mosquitoes were exposed to lufenuron for 1 h, 24 h before blood meal (BBM) or 24 h after a blood meal (ABM). RESULTS: Lufenuron proved to be very active against Ae. aegypti larvae with an EI50 of 0.164 ppb and EI90 of 0.81 ppb. We also found that lufenuron can be transferred by females from treated surfaces to clean containers causing the inhibition of emergence of the larvae (between 30 and 50%). This effect was dependent on the concentration applied on the paper and the number of females added to each cage. CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces an innovation by first exploring the possibility that an insect growth regulator (IGR) belonging to the group of benzoylphenyl ureas, such as lufenuron, can be transferred by gravid females to breeding sites and that at the same time can have an effect on fertility, fecundity and blood intake capacity of adult mosquitoes.

"La victoria no da derechos": Doctrina internacional Llorens, María Pilar “La victoria no da derechos” constituye una formulación propia de la tradición jurídica argentina por medio de la cual se indica la posición de la Argentina en materia de las consecuencias del uso de la fuerza en el derecho internacional. Se la suele considerar como una doctrina internacional, la doctrina Varela, aunque no se explicitan las razones para dicho tratamiento. El presente trabajo busca examinar si esta formulación reúne los requisitos para ser considera como una doctrina internacional.

Contribuciones al examen del crecimiento de la acumulación industrial argentina en la posconvertibilidad (2005-2011) y su comparación con la fase de incremento neoliberal (1993-1998); Contributions to the examination of the growth in Argentine industrial accumulation in post-convertibility (2005-2011) and its comparison with the neoliberal increase phase (1993-1998); Achegas ao exame do crecemento da acumulación industrial arxentina na posconvertibilidade (2005-2011) e a súa comparación coa fase de incremento neoliberal (1993-1998) Naspleda, Federico Daniel Varias discusiones han tenido lugar en relación a la acumulación industrial argentina desde la etapa neoliberal (denominada también como “convertibilidad”) hasta su ruptura en la etapa de posconvertibilidad. Las discusiones se ordenan en torno a si entre ambos lapsos se han manifestado cambios estructurales significativos en el perfil industrial predominante –según la preponderancia en la elaboración de commodities industriales– o si, por el contrario, existen más continuidades. En el presente estudio se contribuye a los mencionados debates examinando la industria, por un lado bajo la dinámica de acumulación de los sectores que la integran, y por otro, según un modelo insumo producto. A su vez, con el objetivo de estudiar las características del crecimiento de las manufacturas en la posconvertibilidad y de establecer comparaciones con la convertibilidad, se diferencian las fases de incremento acumulativo de las fases de crisis y recuperación. Este estudio se incorpora desde este enfoque a las tesis que sostienen las continuidades persistentes en ambas etapas.; Several discussions have taken place in relation to the Argentine industrial accumulation from the neoliberal stage (also known as “convertibility”) until its breakup in the post-convertibility stage. The discussions are organized around whether significant structural changes in the predominant industrial profile were manifested between both periods -according to the prevalence in the manufacturing of industrial commodities-, or if there are more continuities. In the present study, the mentioned debates contribute by examining the industry, on the one hand, under the dynamics of the accumulation of the sectors that integrate it, and on the other, according to an input-output model. In turn, in order to study the characteristics of manufacturing growth in post-convertibility and establish comparisons with convertibility, the phases of cumulative increase of the crisis and recovery phases are differentiated. This study contributes from this approach to the theses that sustain the persistent continuities in both stages.; Varias discusións tiveron lugar en relación á acumulación industrial arxentina desde a etapa neoliberal (denominada tamén como “convertibilidade”) ata a súa ruptura na etapa de posconvertibilidade. As discusións ordénanse ao redor de se entre ambos os lapsos se manifestaron cambios estruturais significativos no perfil industrial predominante –segundo a preponde-rancia na elaboración de commodities industriais– ou se, pola contra, existen máis continuidades. O presente estudo achégase aos mencionados debates examinando a industria, por unha banda baixo a dinámica de acumulación dos sectores que a inte-gran, e por outra, segundo un modelo insumo produto. Á súa vez, co obxectivo de estudar as características do crecemento das manufacturas na posconvertibilidade e de establecer comparacións coa convertibilidade, diferéncianse as fases de incre-mento acumulativo das fases de crises e recuperación. Este estudo incorpórase desde este enfoque ás teses que sosteñen as continuidades persistentes en ambas as etapas.

Type of wood and larval density: two factors to consider in Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) pupation; Tipo de madera y densidad larval: dos factores a considerar en la pupación de Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Zanetti, Noelia Inés; Ferrero, Adriana Alicia; Centeno, Néstor Daniel Dermestes maculatus DeGeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) es uno de los escarabajos más comunes en las granjas aviares e instalaciones ganaderas. Los adultos y larvas dañan estas instalaciones al alimentarse y al momento de pupar. Esta especie también ha sido reconocida como un componente significativo de la fauna cadavérica. Ensayos fueron conducidos para estudiar el efecto del tipo de sustrato, particularmente el tipo de madera, y la densidad larval sobre la pupación de D. maculatus. Las pupas fueron más abundantes en madera blanda que en los otros tipos de madera, disminuyendo su abundancia con el incremento de la densidad. La mortalidad larval fue mayor en presencia de 60 larvas. El tiempo hasta la pupación fue menor en madera blanda que en los otros tipos de madera, pero se observó un incremento en dicha duración cuando aumentó la densidad. La duración promedio como pupa fue 7,25 ± 0,28 días (174 ± 6,72 h). El tiempo hasta adulto mostró los mismos resultados que aquellos obtenidos para el tiempo hasta pupar. La longitud de los adultos fue mayor en madera blanda que en los otras maderas, pero decreció cuando aumentó la densidad. La madera blanda y la densidad larval tienen efectos en la pupación de los derméstidos, afectando la preferencia de las larvas por las maderas, la mortalidad larval, el tiempo hasta pupa, el tiempo hasta adulto, y la morfología del adulto. Se proveen recomendaciones para los granjeros o criadores de animales y científicos, como así también información de importancia forense en la estimación del intervalo post-mortem (IPM).; Dermestes maculatus DeGeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the most common beetles in poultry farms and livestock facilities. Adults and larvae damage these facilities through feeding and at the moment of pupation. This species has also been recognized as a significant component of the cadaveric fauna. Trials were conducted to study the effect of substrate type, particularly of the wood type, and larval density on D. maculatus pupation. Pupae were more abundant in soft wood than in the other types of wood, decreasing abundance when density increased. Larval mortality was greater in the presence of 60 larvae. Time until pupation was lesser in soft wood than in the other woods but an increasing duration was observed when density increased. Pupa average duration was 7.25 ± 0.28 days (174 ± 6.72 h). Time until adult showed the same results that those obtained for the time until pupation. The adult length was greater in soft wood than in the other woods but it decreased when density increased. Soft wood and larval density have effects on hide beetles pupation, affecting larvae preference for woods, larval mortality, time until pupation, time until adult, and adult morphology. Recommendations to farmers or animal breeders and scientists were provided as well as data of forensic importance in the post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation.