Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: Consensus from scientific societies in Argentina Ismael, Julia; Losco, Federico; Quildrian, Sergio; Sanchez, Pablo; Pincemin, Isabel; Lastiri, Jose; Bella, Santiago Rafael; Chinellato, Alejandro; Dellamea, Guillermo; Ahualli, Alejandro; Rompato, Silvana; Velez, Julio; Escobar, Rafael; Zwenger, Ariel; Rosales, Cristina; Bagnes, Claudia; Puyol, Jorge; Niewiadomski, Dario; Smecuol, Edgardo; Nachman, Fabio; Gonzalez, Eduardo; Ferraris, Gustavo Nestor; Suppicich, Juan Ramos; Price, Paola; Medina, Luis; O'Connor, Juan Introduction: The world is living through an outbreak of an acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new betacoronavirus known as coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), which has been declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organisation. Cancer patients are a very special population in this setting since they are more susceptible to viral infections than the general population. Several recommendations have been made on this issue, most of them based on expert opinion and institutional experience. It is essential to gather the evidence available for decision making. Objective: To review the evidence available in order to create a multi-institutional position from the perspective of scientific societies in Argentina involved in the management of cancer patients. Methodology: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The final results were presented at a videoconference with all the participants. Also, additional comment and recommendations were discussed. The final document was revised and approved for publication by the members of the panel. Results: The consensus panel included 18 representatives from scientific societies from Argentina who assessed the evidence and then made recommendations for the management of cancer patients in our country. International guidelines (CDC; ASCO, NCCN and ESMO) were considered as a background for analysis, as well as institutional guidelines and an open ad hoc survey administered to 114 healthcare professionals from the scientific societies involved in this study. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions-training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions-patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations-optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. The general recommendation arising from the study is that the management of cancer patients must adapt to the exceptional pandemic status quo without disregarding treatment or cure options. Moreover, healthcare professional accompaniment of all patients should not be neglected. All healthcare professionals must make a significant joint effort to create multidisciplinary teams to discuss the most appropriate measures for each particular situation. Conclusions: The scientific evidence available on this topic worldwide is in progress. This together with the epidemiologically shifting scenario poses unprecedented challenges in the management of cancer amidst this global pandemic. Furthermore, the key role of the healthcare structural organisation appears evident, such as the drafting of clear guidelines for all the stakeholders, adaptability to constant change and an interdisciplinary shared vision through consensus to provide adequate care to our cancer patients in the light of uncertainty and fast-paced change.

Genome communication in plants mediated by organelle–nucleus-located proteins Krupinska, Karin; Blanco, Nicolás Ernesto; Oetke, Svenja; Zottini, Michela An increasing number of eukaryotic proteins have been shown to have a dual localization in the DNA-containing organelles, mitochondria and plastids, and/or the nucleus. Regulation of dual targeting and relocation of proteins from organelles to the nucleus offer the most direct means for communication between organelles as well as organelles and nucleus. Most of the mitochondrial proteins of animals have functions in DNA repair and gene expression by modelling of nucleoid architecture and/or chromatin. In plants, such proteins can affect replication and early development. Most plastid proteins with a confirmed or predicted second location in the nucleus are associated with the prokaryotic core RNA polymerase and are required for chloroplast development and light responses. Few plastid–nucleus-located proteins are involved in pathogen defence and cell cycle control. For three proteins, it has been clearly shown that they are first targeted to the organelle and then relocated to the nucleus, i.e. the nucleoid-associated proteins HEMERA and Whirly1 and the stroma-located defence protein NRIP1. Relocation to the nucleus can be experimentally demonstrated by plastid transformation leading to the synthesis of proteins with a tag that enables their detection in the nucleus or by fusions with fluoroproteins in different experimental set-ups. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.

Field and selected body temperatures of the San Lucan rock lizard (Petrosaurus thalassinus) in Baja California, Mexico Cardona Botero, Victoria E; Lara Resendiz, Rafael Alejandro; Galina Tessaro, Patricia Temperature is a fundamental factor in the ecology of reptiles because it affects growth, survival, and reproduction (Huey, 1982).

Nicolás de Oresme y la rotación de la Tierra Di Liscia, Daniel; Szapiro, Aníbal El filósofo y matemático francés Nicolás de Oresme (c. 1323 -1382) realizó sobre el final de su vida un comentario al De Caelo de Aristóteles en el que analiza los argumentos a favor y en contra de la hipótesis del movimiento terrestre. En este trabajo, caracterizamos la obra de Oresme como comentario a la obra aristotélica, contextualizamos su análisis de la posibilidad del movimiento terrestre, sistematizamos y analizamos sus argumentos, y evaluamos distintas hipótesis históricas y epistemológicas que podrían dar cuenta de su actitud en este pasaje. Añadimos, a modo de apéndice con el que el texto establece permanentes referencias cruzadas, la primera traducción íntegra al castellano del capítulo 25 del Libro II en el que Oresme expone sus argumentos.; By the end of his life, the philosopher and mathematician Nicole Oresme (c. 1323 -1382) wrote a commentary on Aristotle’s De caelo. In it, he dedicated the 25th chapter of the second book to analyze the arguments for and against the Earth’s diurnal movement hypothesis. In this paper, we characterize Oresme’s work as a commentary to Aristotle’s, contextualize his analysis of the possibility of the movement of the Earth, systematize and analyze his arguments, and evaluate historical and epistemological hypotheses that can explain Oresme’s attitude towards this problem. We offer, as a permanently linked appendix, the first Spanish translation of the abovementioned chapter.

Paulo Leminski, from São Paulo Concretism to the Post-Haiku Cámara, Mario Cesar In this essay, I examine part of the work of the Brazilian poet Paulo Leminski. From an analysis of his first poems, I define his differences from São Paulo?s concrete poets and demonstrate how Leminski developed a poetic project inspired by the genre of haikai. The "post-haiku" allowed Leminski to articulate a tradition of formal compositional rigor and the idea of poetry as experience.

Babylonian solar theory on the Antikythera Mechanism Evans, James; Carman, Christian Carlos This article analyzes the angular spacing of the degree marks on the zodiac scale of the Antikythera mechanism and demonstrates that over the entire preserved 88° of the zodiac, the marks are systematically placed too close together to be consistent with a uniform distribution over 360°. Thus, in some other part of the zodiac scale (not preserved), the degree marks have been spaced farther apart. By contrast, the day marks on the Egyptian calendar scale are spaced uniformly, apart from minor errors. A solar equation of center is apparent which rises by nearly 2.7° over the preserved portion of the zodiac. The placement of the degree marks indicates that, in the preserved portion of the zodiac, the Sun was considered to run at a uniform pace of about 30° per synodic month, which is consistent with the Sun’s speed in the fast zone of the Babylonian solar theory of System A.

Violence on Social Media: An Exploration into the Online Expressions of Adolescents from Marginalized Areas of Greater Buenos Aires Angilletta, María Florencia; Linne, Joaquín Walter This paper explores the online expressions of violence perpetrated or experienced by adolescents from marginalized areas of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Four specific events-threats, "bondis" [fights], cyberbullying and grief-were examined using a qualitative methodology consisting of 20 in-depth interviews and 3,000 virtual observations of Facebook profiles. Among the main findings, most expressions of violence were found to be part of an offline-online dynamic. Based on the empirical evidence provided herein, it can be affirmed that these adolescents expressions of violence develop around the culture of "aguante" [fierce loyalty]. This paper ponders whether on the "like" platform, these expressions are implicitly utilitarian to the social network or. On the contrary, they enable displacements and meaningful reappropriations on the part of users. Ultimately, it poses new questions about the use of these tools by adolescents from marginalized areas and sets out to delve into the approaches used to examine these phenomena in all their complexity. Indexado en CrossRef, J-Gate, Thomson Gale y Ulrichs web.

Cálculo político y planificación. Los modelos numex desarrollados por Oscar Varsavsky y colaboradores; Political calculation and planning. The numex models developed by Oscar Varsavsky and collaborators; Cálculo político e planejamento. Os modelos numex desenvolvidos por Oscar Varsavsky e colaboradores Viedma, María Celeste En este trabajo se abordan los desarrollos en experimentación y simulación numérica realizados hacia fines de la década del sesenta y principios de los setenta, en América Latina, para su aplicación al cálculo político y la planificación. Desarrollados por los argentinos Oscar Varsavsky y Alfredo Eric Calcagno, el chileno Carlos Matus y otros consultores de la CEPAL y colaboradores, se trata de modelos que fueron concebidos para servir como guía para la acción y tenían como propósito permitir calcular la viabilidad material y política de “estilos” de desarrollo alternativos. Se discute en particular el modelo numex para la toma de decisiones. Estos modelos implicaban una formalización del cálculo político, con mayor o menor grado de cuantificación. El trabajo propone diversos interrogantes en relación con la validez de estos instrumentos y las posibles aplicaciones de la experimentación numérica para la toma de decisiones políticas de los gobiernos, en particular de Latinoamérica.; In this work it is analyzed the developments in numerical experimentation carried out in Latin America, at the end of the sixties and the beginning of the seventies, for their application to political calculation and planning. Developed by the Argentines Oscar Varsavsky and Alfredo Eric Calcagno, the Chilean Carlos Matus and other consultants of CEPAL and collaborators, these are models that were conceived to serve as a guide to action. It was intended to allow the calculation of material viability and the policy of alternative development “styles”. The numex model is discussed in particular for decision making. These models involved a formalization of political calculation, with the slightest degree of quantification. The work raises several questions regarding the validity of these instruments and the possible applications of numerical experimentation for the taking of political decisions by governments, particularly in Latin America.; Este trabalho aborda os desarrollos na experimentação e simulação numérica executados com multas da década de sesenta e princípios da setenta, na América Latina, para a aplicação do cálculo político e da planificação. Escrito por argentinos Oscar Varsavsky e Alfredo Eric Calcagno, o chileno Carlos Matus e outros consultores da CEPAL e colaboradores, trata de modelos que podem ser usados para guiar como guia para a ação e tenaz como determinar a maneira de determinar o material de viabilidade e a política de “estilos” de desarrollo alternativos. Se você discute em particular o modelo numérico para tomar decisões. Os modelos implicam uma formalização de cálculo político, com prefeito ou menor grau de garantia. O trabalho propõe diversos interrogadores na relação com a validade dos instrumentos e os possíveis aplicativos da experimentação numérica para tomar decisões políticas dos gobiernos, em particular da América Latina.

Factors that influence magnetic orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Bainbridge, Constance; Clites, Benjamin L; Caldart Valle, Carlos Sebastian; Palacios, Beatriz; Rollins, K.; Golombek, Diego Andres; Pierce, Jonathan Thomas; Vidal Gadea, Andrés Magnetoreceptive animals orient to the earth’s magnetic field at angles that change depending on temporal, spatial, and environmental factors such as season, climate, and position within the geomagnetic field. How magnetic migratory preference changes in response to internal or external stimuli is not understood. We previously found that Caenorhabditis elegans orients to magnetic fields favoring migrations in one of two opposite directions. Here we present new data from our labs together with replication by an independent lab to test how temporal, spatial, and environmental factors influence the unique spatiotemporal trajectory that worms make during magnetotaxis. We found that worms gradually change their average preferred angle of orientation by ~ 180° to the magnetic field during the course of a 90-min assay. Moreover, we found that the wild-type N2 strain prefers to orient towards the left side of a north-facing up, disc-shaped magnet. Lastly, similar to some other behaviors in C. elegans, we found that magnetic orientation may be more robust in dry conditions (< 50% RH). Our findings help explain why C. elegans accumulates with distinct patterns during different periods and in differently shaped magnetic fields. These results provide a tractable system to investigate the behavioral genetic basis of state-dependent magnetic orientation.

Rethinking Paleolithic Visual Culture throughout immersive technology: The site "Cueva de las Manos" as a virtual "Denkraum" (Patagonia, Argentina) Gutiérrez de Angelis, Marina; Winckler, Greta; Bruno, Paula; Guarini, Aurelia del Carmen The discussion about the concepts of cave art and painting settled the basis of the project in the archaeological site of Cueva de las Manos in Argentina. The team use the immersive technology of VR and the 360° video as a methodology to explore visuality understood as a corporal act. Our hypothesis maintains that the concept of ?aesthetic experience? is not exclusively artistic, in its modern sense. The immersive medium allows the users to experience in the Cave, as a Virtual Denkraum, the spatial and cinematic sensoriality of the image, that poses open questions, instead of the need to decode meaning in the pictures.

Simulated folivory increases vertical transmission of fungal endophytes that deter herbivores and alter tolerance to herbivory in Poa autumnalis Gundel, Pedro Emilio; Sun, Prudence; Charlton, Nikki D.; Young, Carolyn A.; Miller, Tom E. X.; Rudgers, Jennifer A. • Background and Aims: The processes that maintain variation in the prevalence of symbioses within host populations are not well understood. While the fitness benefits of symbiosis have clearly been shown to drive changes in symbiont prevalence, the rate of transmission has been less well studied. Many grasses host symbiotic fungi (Epichloë spp.), which can be transmitted vertically to seeds or horizontally via spores. These symbionts may protect plants against herbivores by producing alkaloids or by increasing tolerance to damage. Therefore, herbivory may be a key ecological factor that alters symbiont prevalence within host populations by affecting either symbiont benefits to host fitness or the symbiont transmission rate. Here, we addressed the following questions: Does symbiont presence modulate plant tolerance to herbivory? Does folivory increase symbiont vertical transmission to seeds or hyphal density in seedlings? Do plants with symbiont horizontal transmission have lower rates of vertical transmission than plants lacking horizontal transmission? • Methods: We studied the grass Poa autumnalis and its symbiotic fungi in the genus Epichloë. We measured plant fitness (survival, growth, reproduction) and symbiont transmission to seeds following simulated folivory in a 3-year common garden experiment and surveyed natural populations that varied in mode of symbiont transmission. • Key Results: Poa autumnalis hosted two Epichloë taxa, an undescribed vertically transmitted Epichloë sp. PauTG-1 and E. typhina subsp. poae with both vertical and horizontal transmission. Simulated folivory reduced plant survival, but endophyte presence increased tolerance to damage and boosted fitness. Folivory increased vertical transmission and hyphal density within seedlings, suggesting induced protection for progeny of damaged plants. Across natural populations, the prevalence of vertical transmission did not correlate with symbiont prevalence or differ with mode of transmission. • Conclusions: Herbivory not only mediated the reproductive fitness benefits of symbiosis, but also promoted symbiosis prevalence by increasing vertical transmission of the fungus to the next generation. Our results reveal a new mechanism by which herbivores could influence the prevalence of microbial symbionts in host populations.

Shoreline change rates along Samborombón Bay, Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina Bacino, Guido Luis; Dragani, Walter Cesar; Codignotto, Jorge Osvaldo; Pescio, Andrés Esteban; Farenga, Marcelo Omar Samborombón Bay is an extensive microtidal wetland located in the outer Río de la Plata estuary. Shoreline change rates (erosion or accretion) were quantified at six control areas situated along the bay's coastal area. Digital Shoreline Analysis System 4.3 (DSAS) was used to process aerial photographs and high-resolution satellite images, aiming to quantify shoreline change. A larger ‘Total Period’ (the last 50 years) and a ’Recent Period’ (the last decade approximately) were considered for analyzing shoreline evolution. Erosion and accretion rates increased in five of the six control areas during the last decade. The alongshore (PlN) and the incident (Pi) wave energy fluxes were computed from numerical wave simulations. Highest mean annual Pi values were observed at the southern and northern sectors of the bay, and lower values were obtained at the center. Mean annual PlN shows a convergent pattern in Samborombón Bay. Some differences between adjacent locations regarding annual mean PlN were detected. These differences could generate a slight divergence in PlN, leading to mild coastal erosion. Pi presents generally positive trends along the bay. On the contrary, PlN only presents a significant trend in the southern part of the bay. Then, while the erosional capability (Pi) is increasing, transport capacity (PlN) is quite stable along the coastal area of the bay. Finally, the hydro-sedimentary processes at the coastal area of Samborombón Bay were interpreted by means of a simple conceptual model, which includes internal and external sources of sediments.

Pueblo chico, mundo grande: familia, protesta y cultura en una localidad ferroviaria del norte argentino (Tafí Viejo, Tucumán, 1900-1920); Small town, big world: family, protest, and culture in a railroad town of the Argentine north (Tafí Viejo, Tucumán 1900-1920) Palermo, Silvana Alejandra Este artículo examina la cotidianeidad obrera en una localidad ferroviaria del norte argentino en las primeras décadas del siglo XX: el pueblo de Tafí Viejo, en la provincia de Tucumán. Aborda la vida familiar, la sociabilidad pública y política, las formas de protesta laboral y la cultura políticade los trabajadores, atendiendo, en particular, al modo en que esa singular territorialidad modeló las experiencias sociales. A su vez, explora como estas familias con sus prácticas políticas y culturales dotaron de sentido a esos espacios y geografías. Para ello, apela a un corpus documental diverso, que incluye documentación oficial, empresaria, sindical, prensa comercial y la autobiografía de un inmigrante español de orientación anarquista.; This article examines working class daily life in small railroad towns in the north of Argentina during the first decades of the XX century, taking as a key case study Tafi Viejo, in the province of Tucumán. It analyzes different aspects of workers’ family life, public and political sociability, forms of collective action and political culture, by looking at the ways in which that singular geography shaped working-class families’ experiences. At the same time, it explores how these families, with their political and cultural practices, attributed singular meanings to these local spaces and districts. To do so, this study is based on a diversity of sources: official documents, company reports, trade union papers, commercial press, and the memoirs of a Spanish immigrant identified with the anarchist movement.

El menu del agronegocio: monocultivo y malnutrición del productor al consumidor; O cardápio do agronegócio: monocultura e desnutrição de produtor para consumidor (1996-2019); The agribusiness menu: monoculture and malnutrition from producer to consumer (1996-2019) Blacha, Luis Ernesto El pasaje de la agricultura al agronegocio transforma los usos del territorio y el vínculo social con los alimentos. El monocultivo permite un incremento de la productividad por hectárea que no puede transladarse a la calidad nutricional. Son saberes expertos que permiten simplificar los ecosistemas y promueven la estandarización de todos los componentes de las cadenas agroalimentarias que reducen el carácter omnívoro de la dieta y lleva a la malnutrición por exceso. Es una coyuntura donde la consolidación del agronegocio como modelo productivo, que distancia a productores de consumidores, termina incrementando la influencia delas grandes empresas transnacionales que comercializan alimentos. Surgen nuevas desigualdades, las nutricionales, aún en países con patrones alimentarios consolidados que permitieron hasta finales del siglo XX el acceso a proteínas de alto valor biológico.; A passagem da agricultura para o agronegócio transforma os usos do território e o vínculo social com os alimentos. A monocultura permite um aumento da produtividade por hectare que não pode ser transferido para a qualidade nutricional. São conhecimentos especializados que permitem simplificar os ecossistemas e promover a padronização de todos os componentes das cadeias agroalimentares que reduzem a natureza onívora da dieta e levam à desnutrição em excesso. É uma situação em que a consolidação do agronegócio como modelo produtivo, que distancia produtores dos consumidores, acaba aumentando a influência de grandes empresas transnacionais que comercializam alimentos. Surgem novas desigualdades nutricionais, mesmo em países com padrões alimentares consolidados que permitiram o acesso a proteínas de alto valor biológico até o final do século XX.; The passage from agriculture to agribusiness transforms the uses of the territory and the social link with food. Monoculture allows an increase in productivity per hectare that cannot be given to nutritional quality. This expert knowledge allows simplifying ecosystems and promoting the standardization of all components of agrifood chains that reduce the omnivorous nature of the diet and leads to an excess in malnutrition. It is a situation where the consolidation of agribusiness as a productive model, which distances producers from consumers, ends up increasing the influence of the large transnational companies that sell food. New nutritional inequalities arise, even in countries with consolidated food patterns that allowed access to proteins of high biological value until the end of the 20th century.

Nuevas espiritualidades políticas Balcarce, Gabriela La visibilidad de la violencia de género ha sido un logro de los movimientos feministas. Estos nos han permitido entender de una manera diferente aquello que se denominó "crímenes pasionales", así como también la caracterización de los perpetradores de dichoscrímenes: estos no son simples monstruos con problemas de sociabilidad, o seres desviados, sino que son, de hecho, productos del patriarcado. El feminismo, así, denuncia las formas de vida a las quela sociedad nos ha llevado.Son las técnicas de vida aquellas que ponen en juego diferentesmodos de subjetivación y de ser-con-otrxs. Esta caracterización política del femicidio permite considerarlo ya no como un suceso individual, sino que este pasa a ser colectivo.

Reduction of Vegetable Oil‐Derived Fatty Acid Methyl Esters toward Fatty Alcohols without the Supply of Gaseous H2 Vallejo Orrego, Alejandro; Ferretti, Cristián Alejandro; Díez, Verónica K. An alternative route to the conventional one for fatty alcohol synthesis was investigated. It was possible to synthesize lauryl alcohol from methyl laurate via reduction by transfer of hydrogen and hydride in liquid phase, in noncatalytic reactions and without the supply of H2 gaseous. Pure NaBH4 or alumina‐supported NaBH4 and methanol were used as co‐reactants and 100% fatty alcohol selectivities were achieved. The aim of supporting the metal hydride was to increase its stability and achieve the full recovery of the solid at the end of reaction. When alumina‐supported NaBH4 was used, a final fatty alcohol yield of 93% was achieved. The use of methanol and NaBH4 in amounts higher than stoichiometric is important to generate alkoxyborohydride anions which act as better reducing species than NaBH4. The reaction conditions effect was investigated and the role of short carbon chain alcohol structure was elucidated. The effect of fatty acid methyl ester structure was also studied. Fatty acid methyl esters with shorter carbon chain length and without unsaturation (methyl laurate, methyl myristate) were easily reduced using NaBH4/Al2O3 and methanol reaching high conversions and fatty alcohol selectivities. Unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester with longer carbon chain (methyl oleate) introduced steric hindrance which disfavoured interaction between ester and reducing solid surface and fatty acid methyl ester conversion was noticeably lower. A reaction mechanism based on alkoxyborohydride anions as the actual reducing species was proposed. This mechanism fully interprets results obtained during fatty acid methyl ester reduction using short carbon chain alcohols and metal hydride.

La democracia cristiana en Argentina: Formaciones políticas, partidos y vínculos transnacionales (1912-1967) Mauro, Diego Alejandro El artículo estudia las diferentes formaciones electorales de la democracia cristiana en Argentina desde las primeras décadas del siglo xx hasta los años sesenta. Se analizan las transformaciones programáticas, las influencias ideológicas, los vínculos transnacionales y las estructuras organizativas. Se sostiene el argumento de que tras las diferentes agrupaciones se fueron perfilando dos modelos distintos: uno de naturaleza "confesional", basado en los lineamientos del catolicismo social y proclive a buscar la convergencia con las estructuras eclesiásticas y las asociaciones católicas, y otro más secularizado, caracterizado por un mayor grado de diferenciación con la Iglesia y la aceptación de la democracia parlamentaria como régimen político.; The article explores the political history of Christian Democracy in Argentina from the beginning of the twentieth century until the 1960s. It analyses ideological transformations, transnational relations, and different organizational structures. The central argument is that there were two different models. The first was a "confessional" model that promoted social Catholicism and advocated a convergence with ecclesiastical structures and Catholic associations. The other was a «secularized» model, which maintained its distance from the Church and accepted the political regime of parliamentary democracy.

Wittgenstein sin vericuetos: Escepticismo semántico y autonomía de la gramática Karczmarczyk, Pedro Diego Este trabajo analiza las dos tesis principales del libro de Pérez Otero, Vericuetos de la filosofía de Wittgenstein: la revisión de la simetría general entre acciones y omisiones como comportamientos intencionales, y la propuesta de respuesta disposicional “teleológica” al desafío escéptico del Wittgenstein de Kripke. Sobre la primera, ponemos de manifiesto la neutralidad de la gramática de la atribución de comportamientos intencionales respecto al determinismo causal destacando el carácter retrospectivo de las atribuciones a través del concepto de “justificación post hoc”. Sobre la segunda, indicamos que el rechazo del internismo no alcanza para hacer de las disposiciones teleológicas una explicación satisfactoria del seguimiento de reglas e indicamos que Pérez Otero malinterpreta la clase de problema planteado por el escepticismo semántico wittgensteiniano, el cual implica abandonar la concepción que hace del seguimiento de reglas la “praxis de un sujeto” para comprender a los seguidores de reglas como los “sujetos de una práctica”.; This paper analyses the two main thesis of the recently published Pérez Otero’s book Vericuetos de la filosofía de Wittgenstein: the revision of the general symmetry between actions and omissions as intentional behaviour, and the proposal of a “teleological” (etiological) dispositional answer to Kripke’s Wittgenstein sceptical challenge. Concerning the first thesis, we show that the grammar of attributions of intentions is neutral regarding causal determinism because of the retrospective character of attributions illustrated by the concept of “justification post hoc”. Regarding the second thesis, we stress that the refusal of internism is not enough to ground a satisfactory explanation of rule-following on teleological dispositions, and we show that Pérez Otero misunderstands the kind of problem posed by the Kripke’s Wittgenstein meaning scepticism, which implies to abandon the conception that makes of “rule-following” the “praxis of a subject” for another that regards rulefollowers as the “subjects of a practice”.

A study of the effects of the cathode configuration on the plasma kinetics and neutron emission of plasma-focus discharges in deuterium Barbaglia, Mario Oscar; Giovachini, Ricardo Hernán; Milanese, Maria Magdalena; Clausse, Alejandro The differences in performance of a 1.9 kJ plasma-focus device PACO assembled with three different cathode configurations are experimentally qualified. In particular, the current sheath kinetics and the neutron yield operating with deuterium gas are systematically studied for the whole range of neutron-producing pressures, and the measurements are analyzed searching for relations between relevant physical magnitudes. The pinching time was found correlated with the dimensionless driver parameter, and this feature was found statistically independent of the cathode. The variation of the inductance jump associated with the radial collapse stage is used to estimate the effective pinch length, (7.3 ± 1.6) mm, and radius, (3.6 ± 2.1 ) mm. The maximum production in a single shot was registered for the smallest cathode radius, 41 mm, whereas the intermediate cathode radius, 45 mm, scored better in average. In all configurations, the neutrons per deuteron pair correlates fairly well with an estimation of the effective equilibrium temperature of the pinch, which suggests a prevalence of thermonuclear neutrons measured perpendicularly to the focus axis.

Inheritance of winemaking stress factors tolerance in Saccharomyces uvarum/S. eubayanus × S. cerevisiae artificial hybrids Origone, Andrea Cecilia; Gonzalez Flores, Melisa; Rodríguez, María Eugenia; Querol, Amparo; Lopes, Christian Ariel Stress has been defined as any environmental factor that impairs the growth of a living organism. High concentrations of ethanol, sugars and SO2 as well as temperature variations occurring during winemaking processes are some recognized stress factors that yeasts must overcome in order to avoid stuck or sluggish fermentations. At least two of these factors -sugar and ethanol concentrations- are strongly influenced by the global warming, which become them a worry for the future years in the winemaking industry. One of the most interesting strategies to face this complex situation is the generation of hybrids possessing, in a single yeast strain, a broader range of stress factors tolerance than their parents. In the present study, we evaluated four artificial hybrids generated with S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and S. eubayanus using a non-GMO-generating method, in their tolerance to a set of winemaking stress factors. Their capacity to overcome specific artificial winemaking situations associated with global warming was also analyzed. All four hybrids were able to grow in a wider temperature range (8‐37 °C) than their parents. Hybrids showed intermediate tolerance to higher ethanol, sugar and sulphite concentrations than their parents. Additionally, the hybrids showed an excellent fermentative behaviour in musts containing high fructose concentrations at low temperature as well as under a condition mimicking a stuck fermentation.