(Des)componer una tierra: Canadá repensada desde la escritura topográfica en Land to Light On de Dionne Brand; To (de)compose a land: rethinking Canada through topographic writing in Land to Light On by Dionne Brand Galettini, Azucena El poemario Land to Light Onde la autora Dionne Brand, de origen trinitense y residente de Canadá desde 1970, aborda un espacio que parecía vedado a una inmigrante caribeña: el wilderness [naturaleza agreste] canadiense. En tanto representación paisajística de la identidad nacional, ese espacio suele percibirse como terreno exclusivo de autores blancos, canadienses de nacimiento, y no fuente de inspiración para una autora afrodescendiente de origen caribeño. A partir de las tensiones entre el aquí/allí con las que se estructura la relación entre Canadá y el Caribe, Brand da cuenta en este poemario de la imposibilidad de construir un territorio propio. A partir de la selección de algunos poemas paradigmáticos del libro, en el presente trabajo se analizará cómo esa renuncia no es solo personal sino que arremete contra la construcción ficcional que toda nación conlleva. Para ello, nos valdremos de la noción de “escritura topográfica” que acuñamos con el fin de describir cómo Brand inscribe en su poesía el paisaje como un acto más de lenguaje. Se observará, mediante un análisis pormenorizado de los recursos estilísticos y lingüísticos presentes en los poemas seleccionados, la imagen de Canadá que emerge y la relación que la autora establece con lo geográfico, más allá de las fronteras nacionales.; The poetry collection Land to Light On by Dionne Brand, Trinidadian by birth and resident in Canada since 1970, deals with a space that seems forbidden to a Caribbean immigrant: Canadian wilderness. As a landscape representation of national identity, the wilderness tends to be perceived as the exclusive realm of white authors, Canadians by birth, not as a source of inspiration for an Afrodescendant author born in the Caribbean. Through the tensions between “here” and “there” that structure the relationship between Canada and the Caribbean, in this poetry collection Brand deals with the impossibility of constructing a land of her own. By analyzing a selection of paradigmatic poems from Land to Light On, in this article we will study how that surrender is not only personal, but a way of confronting the fictional construction that any nation entails. In order to do that, we will utilize the notion of “topographic writing”, coined with the purpose of describing how Brand inscribes landscape in her poetry: as another act of language. Through a detailed analysis of stylistic and linguistic resources present in the poems selected, we will observe how an image of Canada emerges and the relationship the author stablishes with geography, beyond national borders.

Análisis lingüístico y estereotipos en una sentencia penal chilena; Linguistic analysis and stereotyping in a chilean criminal sentence Aguero San Juan, Claudio; Zambrano-Tiznado, Juan Pablo; Arena, Federico José; Correa, Rodrigo Coloma This article uses elements of systemic functional linguistics developed by the Sydney School, along with stereotypes theory to analyze two fragments of a Chilean criminal sentence, which was chosen intentionally. The research applied a segmentation to the text and selected two segments to perform a linguistic and stereotypes analysis. The analysis shows that the judges partially evaluated the credibility of the only defense witness. In turn, the analysis of stereotypes shows the presence of a normative stereotype implicit in the text of the sentence. This stereotype refers to the witness' maternal role in her relationship with the defendant. It is concluded that the use of the stereotype is not justified because the judges did not present any evidence that the stereotype used was applicable to the case.

Dissipative-type theories for Bjorken and Gubser flows Cantarutti, Lucas Gabriel; Calzetta, Esteban Adolfo We use the dissipative-type theory (DTT) framework to solve for the evolution of conformal fluids in Bjorken and Gubser flows from isotropic initial conditions. The results compare well with both exact and other hydrodynamic solutions in the literature. At the same time, DTTs enforce the Second Law of thermodynamics as an exact property of the formalism, at any order in deviations from equilibrium, and are easily generalizable to more complex situations.

Simple model of the wave pattern in the atmosphere of a slow rotating planet due to surface irregularities Vigh, Carlos Donato; Cirilo, Diego Julio; Mayochi, Mariano; Minotti, Fernando Oscar Recent observations show a persistent pattern on Venus surface, interpreted as a stationary wave due to the interaction of the prevailing winds with the orography of the planet. In this work we use an idealized model of the phenomenon that allows for a fully analytical solution applied to a slow rotating planet with idealized obstacles. We use Venus as a testing case. Taking advantage of the high Rossby number of the atmospheric flow in Venus we model the velocity as potential and solve the stationary shallow-water equations on a sphere, in which a base flow is perturbed by the orography. The corresponding Green function is derived and the atmosphere thickness perturbation obtained as a convolution with the terrain height distribution. Delta-like terrain distributions give thus explicit expressions of the atmosphere height pattern, that can be translated into temperature variations to be compared with observations in the case of Venus. In particular, it is found that the height perturbation due to a localized obstacle has a longitudinal extension related to the latitudinal extension of the base flow, and quantified in terms of a latitudinal variable related to latitude in a non-linear way.

Transformations of superpositions by means of incoherent operations Losada, Marcelo; Bosyk, Gustavo Martin; Freytes, Hector; Sergioli, Giuseppe In this paper we study how the coherence of a superposition of pure states is related with the coherence of its components. We consider two pure initial states and two pure final coherent states, such that the former ones cannot be transformed into the latter ones by means of incoherent transformations. In this situation, we analyze conditions for the existence of superpositions of the initial states that can be transformed into superpositions of the final states. In particular, we consider superpositions formed by quantum states belonging to orthogonal subspaces. By appealing to the majorization theory, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for such transformations to be possible. Finally, we provide some examples that illustrate the difference between the obtained conditions and the necessary criterion based on the relative entropy of coherence.

Sixteen overlooked open clusters in the four th Galactic quadrant A combined analysis of UBVI photometry and Gaia DR2 with ASteCA Perren, Gabriel Ignacio; Giorgi, E. E.; Moitinho, A.; Carraro, Giovanni; Pera, María Sol; Vazquez, Ruben Angel Aims. This paper has two main objectives: (1) To determine the intrinsic properties of 16 faint and mostly unstudied open clustersin the poorly known sector of the Galaxy at 270◦−300◦ to probe the Milky Way structure in future investigations. (2) To addresspreviously reported systematics in Gaia DR2 parallaxes by comparing the cluster distances derived from photometry with thosederived from parallaxes.Methods. Deep UBVI photometry of 16 open clusters was carried out. Observations were reduced and analyzed in an automaticway using the ASteCA package to obtain individual distances, reddening, masses, ages, and metallicities. Photometric distances werecompared to those obtained from a Bayesian analysis of Gaia DR2 parallaxes.Results. Ten out of the sixteen clusters are true or highly probable open clusters. Two of them are quite young and follow the traceof the Carina Arm and the already detected warp. The remaining clusters are placed in the interarm zone between the Perseus andCarina Arms, as expected for older objects. We found that the cluster van den Berg-Hagen 85 is 7.5 × 109 yr old, which means that itis one of the oldest open clusters detected in our Galaxy so far. The relationship of these ten clusters with the Galaxy structure in thesolar neighborhood is discussed. The comparison of distances from photometry and parallaxes data in turn reveals a variable level ofdisagreement.Conclusions. Various zero-point corrections for Gaia DR2 parallax data recently reported were considered for a comparison betweenphotometry- and parallax-based distances. The results tend to improve with some of these corrections. Photometric distance analysissuggests an average correction of ∼+0.026 mas (to be added to the parallaxes). The correction may have a more intricate dependenceon distance, but addressing this level of detail will require a larger cluster sample.

The reduction of methane production in the in vitro ruminal fermentation of different substrates is linked with the chemical composition of the essential oil Garcia, Florencia; Colombatto, Dario; Brunetti, María Alejandra; Martínez, María José; Moreno, María Valeria; Scorcione Turcato, María Carolina; Lucini, Enrique Iván; Frossasco, Georgina Paola; Martínez Ferrer, Jorge There is interest in identifying natural products capable of manipulating rumen microbial activity to develop new feed additives for ruminant nutrition as a strategy to reduce methane. Two trials were performed using the in vitro gas production technique to evaluate the interaction of substrate (n = 5) and additive (n = 6, increasing doses: 0, 0.3, 3, 30, and 300 µL/L of essential oils—EO—of Lippia turbinata or Tagetes minuta, and monensin at 1.87 mg/L). The two EO utilized were selected because they differ markedly in their chemical composition, especially in the proportion of oxygenated compounds. For both EO, the interaction between the substrate and additive was significant for all variables; however, the interaction behaved differently for the two EO. Within each substrate, the response was dose-dependent, without effects at a low level of EO and a negative outcome at the highest dose. The intermediate dose (30 µL/L) inhibited methane with a slight reduction on substrate digestibility, with L. turbinata being more effective than T. minuta. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the EO to reduce methane production depends on interactions between the substrate that is fermented and the additive dose that generates different characteristics within the incubation medium (e.g., pH); and thus, the chemical nature of the compounds of the EO modulates the magnitude of this response.

Synthesis and Evaluation of the Fungal Activity of New Pyrazole-Carboxamides against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Gonzalez Lopez, Edwin Javier; León Jaramillo, Jhair Carlhino; Trilleras Vásquez, Jorge Enrique; Grande Tovar, Carlos D.; Peralta Ruiz, Yeimmy; Quiroga, Jairo The pyrazole core has been recognized by their biological properties and included in the synthesis of modern agrochemicals. Part of these studies consists of making structural modifications to pesticides for commercial purposes to increase efficacy. In this article, we present the synthesis of four new pyrazol-4-carboxamide 8a-8d derivatives (PCD), through a four-step synthetic protocol, starting with edaravone 1 and primary amines like benzo-fused, aliphatic, and hydrazines, through a process of low environmental impact. Synthesized derivatives were evaluated against one fungal strain of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides BA3, fungus that causes several losses to farmers around the world, through in vitro sensitivity tests. The compound 8c showed better inhibiting behavior against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides BA3, inducing a lag phase of almost 2.77 days. These results were obtained via Gompertz modeling, for the first time reported for biological evaluation of pyrazole-carboxamide derivatives against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Menstruación decolonial; Menstruação decolonial; Decolonial menstruating Calafell Sala, Núria La menstruación ha sido parte de una colonización patriarcal de los cuerpos a lo largo dela historia del pensamiento occidental. Desde hace aproximadamente cuatro años, sin embargo, unaserie de propuestas vienen tensionando este proceso de colonización, en especial desde los territoriosde Abya Yala. Este artículo focaliza en estos ejemplos, pertenecientes a la llamada Ginecología Natural,y encara su estudio a través de la exploración semiótica de dos cuestiones: por un lado, el lenguaje queestos discursos manejan en manuales, fanzines o páginas web; y, por el otro, el conocimiento queconstruyen y/o reivindican bajo las premisas de un empoderamiento femenino, de un autogestión de lasalud y de un goce corporal.; A menstruação foi parte de uma colonização patriarcal dos corpos ao longo da história dopensamento ocidental. Nos últimos quatro anos, entretanto, uma série de propostas vem tensionandotal processo de colonização, especialmente as nascidas em territórios de Abya Yala. Este artigoenfoca tais exemplos, pertencentes à chamada Ginecologia Natural, e estuda-os através da exploraçãosemiótica de duas questões: por um lado, a linguagem que esses discursos usam em manuais, fanzinesou páginas na internet; e por outro lado, o conhecimento que constroem e/ou reivindicam sob aspremissas de um empoderamento feminino, de uma autogestão da saúde e de um gozo corporal.; Menstruation was part of a patriarchal colonization of bodies throughout the history of Westernthought. In the past four years, however, a series of proposals has been straining such a colonizationprocess, especially those born in the territories of Abya Yala. This article focuses on such examples thatbelong to the so-called Natural Gynecology, and analyses them through the semiotic exploration of twothemes: on the one hand, the language that those discourses use in handbooks, fanzines or websites; onthe other hand, the knowledge that they build and/or vindicate under the premises of female empowerment,health self-management and corporal pleasure.

Comparative study of ZnO thin films doped with transition metals (Cu and Co) for methylene blue photodegradation under visible irradiation Vallejo Lozada, William Andrés; Cantillo, Alvaro; Salazar, Briggitte; Diaz Uribe, Carlos Enrique; Ramos Cervantes, Wilkendry; Romero, Eduard; Hurtado, Mikel We synthesized and characterized both Co-doped ZnO (ZnO:Co) and Cu-doped ZnO (ZnO:Cu) thin films. The catalysts’ synthesis was carried out by the sol–gel method while the doctor blade technique was used for thin film deposition. The physicochemical characterization of the catalysts was carried out by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and diffuse reflectance measurements. The photocatalytic activity was studied under visible irradiation in aqueous solution, and kinetic parameters were determined by pseudo-first-order fitting. The Raman spectra results evinced the doping process and suggested the formation of heterojunctions for both dopants. The structural diffraction patterns indicated that the catalysts were polycrystalline and demonstrated the presence of a ZnO wurtzite crystalline phase. The SEM analysis showed that the morphological properties changed significantly, the micro-aggregates disappeared, and agglomeration was reduced after modification of ZnO. The ZnO optical bandgap (3.22 eV) reduced after the doping process, these being ZnO:Co (2.39 eV) and ZnO:Co (3.01 eV). Finally, the kinetic results of methylene blue photodegradation reached 62.6% for ZnO:Co thin films and 42.5% for ZnO:Cu thin films.

Red blood cell alterations by in vitro action of Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae Ponce de León, Patricia Carolina; Toderi Cicchini, Martín Alejandro; Castellini, Horacio Virginio; Riquelme, Bibiana Doris Background: T. spiralis establishes an intimate contact with the host erythrocytes during the newborn larvae migration through the bloodstream to their encystment in the muscle. Objective: In the present work we study the alterations in the mechanical and aggregation properties of red blood cells produced in Vitro by newborn larvae at low concentrations (100, 250, 500, and 1000 larvae/mL). Methods: The study was performed by incubating human erythrocytes with an equal volume of different concentrations of newborn larvae for 30 minutes, with controlled agitation. To evaluate the erythrocyte alterations by the action of the larvae, the Erythrocyte Rheometer, the Optical Chip Aggregometer, and the Digital Image Analysis were used. Results: In the treated erythrocyte samples, a decrease in isolated cell numbers and an increase in the aggregates were observed respect to the control at the higher larval concentration (1000 larvae/mL). The deformability index, the elastic modulus and surface viscosity showed no significant differences with the control; however, the storage modulus of the erythrocyte membrane decreased significantly with the increase in larval concentration. Erythrocyte aggregation parameters showed that the aggregation index increased with the larvae concentration present in the incubation, highlighting the presence of larger aggregates and clusters. The time to attain half of the maximum aggregation diminished, which implies faster aggregation kinetics. Conclusion: The results observed in Vitro describe the red blood cell alterations that could be produced during in vivo infection in the host.

Detailed Structure of the Subducted Nazca Slab into the Lower Mantle Derived From Continent-Scale Teleseismic P Wave Tomography Portner, Daniel Evan; Rodríguez, Emily E.; Beck, Susan; Zandt, George; Scire, Alissa; Rocha, Marcelo P.; Bianchi, Marcelo B.; Ruiz, Mario; França, George Sand; Condori, Cristobal; Alvarado, Patricia Monica Nazca subduction beneath South America is one of our best modern examples of long-lived ocean-continent subduction on the planet, serving as a foundation for our understanding of subduction processes. Within that framework, persistent heterogeneities at a range of scales in both the South America and Nazca plates is difficult to reconcile without detailed knowledge of the subducted Nazca slab structure. Here we use teleseismic travel time residuals from >1,000 broadband and short-period seismic stations across South America in a single tomographic inversion to produce the highest-resolution contiguous P wave tomography model of the subducting slab and surrounding mantle beneath South America to date. Our model reveals a continuous trench-parallel fast seismic velocity anomaly across the majority of South America that is consistent with the subducting Nazca slab. The imaged anomaly indicates a number of robust features of the subducted slab, including variable slab dip, extensive lower mantle penetration, slab stagnation in the lower mantle, and variable slab amplitude, that are incorporated into a new, comprehensive model of the geometry of the Nazca slab surface to ~1,100 km depth. Lower mantle slab penetration along the entire margin suggests that lower mantle slab anchoring is insufficient to explain along strike upper plate variability while slab stagnation in the lower mantle indicates that the 1,000 km discontinuity is dominant beneath South America.

A multidimensional and multi-feature framework for cardiac interoception Fittipaldi, María Sol; Abrevaya, Sofia; de la Fuente de la Torre, Laura Alethia; Pascariello, Guido Orlando; Hesse Rizzi, Eugenia Fátima; Birba, Agustina; Salamone, Paula Celeste; Hildebrandt, Malin; Alarco Martí, Sofía; Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos; Huepe, David; Martorell Martorell, Miquel; Yoris, Adrián; Roca, María; García, Adolfo Martín; Sedeño, Lucas; Ibañez, Agustin Mariano Interoception (the sensing of inner-body signals) is a multi-faceted construct with major relevance for basic and clinical neuroscience research. However, the neurocognitive signatures of this domain (cutting across behavioral, electrophysiological, and fMRI connectivity levels) are rarely reported in convergent or systematic fashion. Additionally, various controversies in the field might reflect the caveats of standard interoceptive accuracy (IA) indexes, mainly based on heartbeat detection (HBD) tasks. Here we profit from a novel IA index (md) to provide a convergent multidimensional and multi-feature approach to cardiac interoception. We found that outcomes from our IA-md index are associated with –and predicted by– canonical markers of interoception, including the hd-EEG-derived heart-evoked potential (HEP), fMRI functional connectivity within interoceptive hubs (insular, somatosensory, and frontal networks), and socio-emotional skills. Importantly, these associations proved more robust than those involving current IA indexes. Furthermore, this pattern of results persisted when taking into consideration confounding variables (gender, age, years of education, and executive functioning). This work has relevant theoretical and clinical implications concerning the characterization of cardiac interoception and its assessment in heterogeneous samples, such as those composed of neuropsychiatric patients.

Staying close: Short local dispersal distances on a managed forest of two Patagonian Nothofagus species Sola, Georgina Giselle; El Mujtar, Verónica Andrea; Gallo, Leonardo; Vendramin, Giovanni G; Marchelli, Paula Understanding the impact of management on the dispersal potential of forest tree species is pivotal in the context of global change, given the implications of gene flow on species evolution. We aimed to determine the effect of logging on gene flow distances in two Nothofagus species from temperate Patagonian forests having high ecological relevance and wood quality. Therefore, a total of 778 individuals (mature trees and saplings) of Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua, from a single plot managed 20 years ago (2.85 hectares), were mapped and genotyped at polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Historical estimates of gene dispersal distance (based on fine-scale spatial genetic structure) and contemporary estimates of seed and pollen dispersal (based on spatially explicit mating models) were obtained. The results indicated restricted gene flow (gene distance ≤ 45 m, both pollen and seed), no selfing and significant seed and pollen immigration from trees located outside the studied plot but in the close surrounding area. The size of trees (diameter at breast height and height) was significantly associated with female and/or male fertility. The significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure was consistent with the restricted seed and pollen dispersal. Moreover, both estimates of gene dispersal (historical and contemporary) gave congruent results. This suggests that the recent history of logging within the study area has not significantly influenced on patterns of gene flow, which can be explained by the silviculture applied to the stand. The residual tree density maintained species composition, and the homogeneous spatial distribution of trees allowed the maintenance of gene dispersal. The short dispersal distance estimated for these two species has several implications both for understanding the evolution of the species and for defining management, conservation and restoration actions. Future replication of this study in other Nothofagus Patagonian forests would be helpful to validate our conclusions.

A flagship for Austral temperate forest conservation: An action plan for Darwin's frogs brings key stakeholders together Azat, Claudio; Valenzuela Sánchez, Andrés; Delgado, Soledad; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Alvarado-Rybak, Mario; Bourke, Johara; Briones, Raúl; Cabeza, Osvaldo; Castro-Carrasco, Camila; Charrier, Andres; Correa, Claudio; Crump, Martha L.; Cuevas, César C.; De La Maza, Mariano; Díaz Vidal, Sandra; Flores, Edgardo; Harding, Gemma; Lavilla, Esteban Orlando; Mendez, Marco A.; Oberwemmer, Frank; Carlos Ortiz, Juan; Pastore, Hernán; Peñafiel Ricaurte, Alexandra; Rojas Salinas, Leonora; Manuel Serrano, José; Sepúlveda, Maximiliano A.; Toledo, Gisela Verónica; Úbeda, Carmen A.; Uribe Rivera, David E.; Valdivia, Catalina; Wren, Sally; Angulo, Ariadne Darwin's frogs Rhinoderma darwinii and Rhinoderma rufum are the only known species of amphibians in which males brood their offspring in their vocal sacs. We propose these frogs as flagship species for the conservation of the Austral temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. This recommendation forms part of the vision of the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs, which was launched in 2018. The strategy is a conservation initiative led by the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, which in 2017 convened 30 governmental, non-profit and private organizations from Chile, Argentina and elsewhere. Darwin's frogs are iconic examples of the global amphibian conservation crisis: R. rufum is categorized as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on the IUCN Red List, and R. darwinii as Endangered. Here we articulate the conservation planning process that led to the development of the conservation strategy for these species and present its main findings and recommendations. Using an evidence-based approach, the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs contains a comprehensive status review of Rhinoderma spp., including critical threat analyses, and proposes 39 prioritized conservation actions. Its goal is that by 2028, key information gaps on Rhinoderma spp. will be filled, the main threats to these species will be reduced, and financial, legal and societal support will have been achieved. The strategy is a multi-disciplinary, transnational endeavour aimed at ensuring the long-term viability of these unique frogs and their particular habitat.

The identity of the Chilean Amphibians collected by the United States exploring expedition Lavilla, Esteban Orlando; Rabanal, Felipe E.; Langone, José A.; Vásquez Méndez, Dayana Cecilia; Castro Carrasco, Camila Between mid-May and early June of 1839, members of the United States Exploring Expedition collected diverse anurans in the environs of Valparaíso, Chile, later described by Girard in 1853. Of this set of species, Metaeus timidus, described there as a new genus and species, attracts attention because is a name that practically disappeared from the herpetological literature. Its identification, along with that of the other Chilean taxa collected by the USEE (Cystignathus nebulosus Girard, 1853, Pleurodema bibroni Tschudi, 1838, Pleurodema elegans Bell, 1843, Bufo lugubrosus Girard, 1853, Bufo thaul Lesson, 1826 and Metaeus timidus Girard, 1853) are the main objectives of this contribution.

Storyline description of Southern Hemisphere midlatitude circulation and precipitation response to greenhouse gas forcing Mindlin, Julia; Shepherd, Theodore G.; Vera, Carolina Susana; Osman, Marisol; Zappa, Giuseppe; Lee, Robert W.; Hodges, Kevin I. As evidence of climate change strengthens, knowledge of its regional implications becomes an urgent need for decision making. Current understanding of regional precipitation changes is substantially limited by our understanding of the atmospheric circulation response to climate change, which to a high degree remains uncertain. This uncertainty is reflected in the wide spread in atmospheric circulation changes projected in multimodel ensembles, which cannot be directly interpreted in a probabilistic sense. The uncertainty can instead be represented by studying a discrete set of physically plausible storylines of atmospheric circulation changes. By mining CMIP5 model output, here we take this broader perspective and develop storylines for Southern Hemisphere (SH) midlatitude circulation changes, conditioned on the degree of global-mean warming, based on the climate responses of two remote drivers: the enhanced warming of the tropical upper troposphere and the strengthening of the stratospheric polar vortex. For the three continental domains in the SH, we analyse the precipitation changes under each storyline. To allow comparison with previous studies, we also link both circulation and precipitation changes with those of the Southern Annular Mode. Our results show that the response to tropical warming leads to a strengthening of the midlatitude westerly winds, whilst the response to a delayed breakdown (for DJF) or strengthening (for JJA) of the stratospheric vortex leads to a poleward shift of the westerly winds and the storm tracks. However, the circulation response is not zonally symmetric and the regional precipitation storylines for South America, South Africa, South of Australia and New Zealand exhibit quite specific dependencies on the two remote drivers, which are not well represented by changes in the Southern Annular Mode.

Variation of the Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Assemblage in Response to Land Use Changes in an Endemic Area of Leishmania Transmission in Northeast Argentina Fernández, María Soledad; Manteca Acosta, Mariana; Cueto, Gerardo Ruben; Cavia, Regino; Salomón, Oscar D. Leishmaniases are a global health problem and in Argentina are considered emerging diseases. The new transmission scenarios of tegumentary leishmaniasis are especially important given that large areas of forest are being transformed into rural and urban systems. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the construction of a large public building and a neighborhood on the assemblage of Phlebotominae in a rural area with forest remnants and to correlate the changes observed in the species assemblage with characteristics of the environment. Entomological surveys with light traps were conducted on the construction campus in the northeastern region of Argentina at six sites representing different environmental situations. Structural environmental characteristics and meteorological conditions were recorded and analyzed. At least 16 species of Phlebotominae sand flies were collected, the most prevalent being Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho), followed by the genus Brumptomyia (França & Parrot) and Migonemyia migonei (França). Our study provides evidence of how the structure of the assemblages and prevalent species respond to anthropogenic disturbances. As the construction progressed, both Ny. whitmani and the genus Brumptomyia were favored. The genus Brumptomyia was favored at sites surrounded by high proportions of forest, within patches of remnant vegetation, and relatively far from anthropogenic disturbances, while Ny. whitmani, the main vector of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the region, increases their abundant at short and intermediate distances from vegetation margins and areas close to anthropogenic disturbances, therefore increasing the risk of human exposure to vectors.

Mitologías soberanas: tierras indígenas y construcción de la propiedad privada en Mendoza a fines del siglo XIX; Sovereign mythologies: indigenous lands and the construction of private property in Mendoza, late 19 th century Escolar, Diego Hasta hace poco, el único caso conocido de una merced real esgrimida por unacomunidad indígena para defender sus derechos de tierras era el de Amaicha,en Tucumán. En este artículo abordaré los conflictos en torno a la merced realdel cacique Sayanca de las Lagunas de Guanacache, en el norte de Mendoza.Analizaré un momento clave: el escándalo político producido entre fines delsiglo XIX y principios del XX por la reivindicación de la merced sobre un cuartodel territorio de la provincia por el abogado francés, Jules Watteau. El casomuestra que en la Argentina criolla, poblaciones indígenas supuestamen-te extinguidas pudieron persistir en la ocupación de parte de sus territoriosancestrales adaptándose al proceso colonial en fechas más tardías que las tra-dicionalmente aceptadas. Además sugiere que el proceso de constitución dela propiedad privada en la provincia produjo antecedentes de reconocimientode la propiedad indígena en tiempos republicanos, lo cual vició de legitimidady legalidad su reapropiación posterior.; Until recently, the only known case in Argentina of a merced real used by an indigenous community to claim their territory was that of Amaicha in Tucumán. In this article I will discuss the conflicts over cacique Sayanca of Guanacache’s merced real, north of Mendoza province. A key moment analyzed is the political scandal produced by French lawyer Jules Watteau, and his claim over the merced real -a quarter of the territory of Mendoza between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The case study shows how indigenous populations persisted in their ancestral territories in “white” Argentina, adapting to the colonial process even later than traditionally accepted. Moreover it suggests that the process of private property left behind an unresolved legacy, regarding the recognition of former indigenous property in Republican times.

Frequency and management of maternal infection in health facilities in 52 countries (GLOSS): a 1-week inception cohort study Althabe, Fernando; Espinoza, Marisa Mabel; Pasquale, Julia; Hernández Muñoz, Rosalinda; Carvajal, Javier; Escobar, María Fernanda; Cecatti, José Guilherme; Ribeiro Do Valle, Carolina C.; Mereci, Wilson; Vélez, Paola; Pérez, Aquilino M.; Vitureira, Gerardo; Leroy, Charlotte; Roelens, Kristien; Vandenberghe, Griet; Aguemon, Christiane Tshabu; Cisse, Kadari; Ouedraogo, Henri Gautier; Kannitha, Cheang; Rathavy, Tung; Tebeu, Pierre Marie; Bustillo, Carolina; Bredy, Lara; Herrera Maldonado, Nazarea; Abdosh, Abdulfetah Abdulkadir; Teklu, Alula M.; Kassa, Dawit Worku; Kumar, Vijay; Suri, Vanita; Trikha, Sonia Background: Maternal infections are an important cause of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity. We report the main findings of the WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study, which aimed to assess the frequency of maternal infections in health facilities, according to maternal characteristics and outcomes, and coverage of core practices for early identification and management. Methods: We did a facility-based, prospective, 1-week inception cohort study in 713 health facilities providing obstetric, midwifery, or abortion care, or where women could be admitted because of complications of pregnancy, childbirth, post-partum, or post-abortion, in 52 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). We obtained data from hospital records for all pregnant or recently pregnant women hospitalised with suspected or confirmed infection. We calculated ratios of infection and infection-related severe maternal outcomes (ie, death or near-miss) per 1000 livebirths and the proportion of intrahospital fatalities across country income groups, as well as the distribution of demographic, obstetric, clinical characteristics and outcomes, and coverage of a set of core practices for identification and management across infection severity groups. Findings: Between Nov 28, 2017, and Dec 4, 2017, of 2965 women assessed for eligibility, 2850 pregnant or recently pregnant women with suspected or confirmed infection were included. 70·4 (95% CI 67·7–73·1) hospitalised women per 1000 livebirths had a maternal infection, and 10·9 (9·8–12·0) women per 1000 livebirths presented with infection-related (underlying or contributing cause) severe maternal outcomes. Highest ratios were observed in LMICs and the lowest in HICs. The proportion of intrahospital fatalities was 6·8% among women with severe maternal outcomes, with the highest proportion in low-income countries. Infection-related maternal deaths represented more than half of the intrahospital deaths. Around two-thirds (63·9%, n=1821) of the women had a complete set of vital signs recorded, or received antimicrobials the day of suspicion or diagnosis of the infection (70·2%, n=1875), without marked differences across severity groups. Interpretation: The frequency of maternal infections requiring management in health facilities is high. Our results suggest that contribution of direct (obstetric) and indirect (non-obstetric) infections to overall maternal deaths is greater than previously thought. Improvement of early identification is urgently needed, as well as prompt management of women with infections in health facilities by implementing effective evidence-based practices.