Polyamines and legumes: Joint stories of stress, nitrogen fixation and environment Menendez, Ana Bernardina; Calzadilla, Pablo Ignacio; Sansberro, Pedro Alfonso; Espasandin, Fabiana Daniela; Gázquez, Ayelén; Bordenave, César Daniel; Maiale, Santiago Javier; Rodriguez, Andres Alberto; Maguire, Vanina Giselle; Campestre, Maria Paula; Gárriz, Andrés; Rossi, Franco Rubén; Romero, Fernando Matias; Solmi, Leandro; Salloum, Maria Soraya; Monteoliva, Mariela Inés; Debat, Humberto Julio; Ruiz, Oscar Adolfo Polyamines (PAs) are natural aliphatic amines involved in many physiological processes in almost all living organisms, including responses to abiotic stresses and microbial interactions. On other hand, the family Leguminosae constitutes an economically and ecologically key botanical group for humans, being also regarded as the most important protein source for livestock. This review presents the profuse evidence that relates changes in PAs levels during responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model and cultivable species within Leguminosae and examines the unreviewed information regarding their potential roles in the functioning of symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae in this family. As linking plant physiological behavior with “big data” available in “omics” is an essential step to improve our understanding of legumes responses to global change, we also examined integrative MultiOmics approaches available to decrypt the interface legumes-PAs-abiotic and biotic stress interactions. These approaches are expected to accelerate the identification of stress tolerant phenotypes and the design of new biotechnological strategies to increase their yield and adaptation to marginal environments, making better use of available plant genetic resources.

Diversificación económica y proyectos de fomento en Chile, Tucumán y Tarija (siglo XVIII); Economic Diversification and Promotion Projects in Chile, Tucuman and Tarija (18th Century) Soler Lizarazo, Luisa Consuelo; Cruz, Enrique Normando; Koeltzsch, Grit Kirstin El presente trabajo analiza las diversificaciones económicas y las iniciativas de fomento desarrollado en tres áreas de América del Sur, como son el Reino de Chile, la Gobernación del Tucumán y el Distrito de Tarija. Por medio de estudios de caso, se identifican, describen y detallan las diversas actividades económicas: comercial, agrícola, minera y protoindustrial, promovidas por agentes económicos mercantiles a finales del periodo colonial, utilizando como base correspondencia comercial privada, inventarios de mercancías, testimonios, juicios civiles y penales. Los resultados muestran que, pese a la importancia puesta al desarrollo de iniciativas de fomento productivo por parte de ciertos sectores político-burocráticos, los alcances fueron relativos, entre otras cosas por las dinámicas de los mercados, el sistema de financiamiento y el cálculo racional del beneficio.; This paper analyzes the diversification and initiatives of economic and productive promotion in the 18th century developed by traders in three areas of South America, which are the Kingdom of Chile, the Governorate of Tucuman and the Tarija district. Through case studies, the researchers identify, describe and provide details of the diverse economic activities: commercial, agricultural, mining and protoindustrial, promoted by economic mercantile agents at the end of the colonial period, based on commercial correspondence private, inventories of goods, testimonies, civil and criminal trials. The results show that, despite the importance placed on the development of initiatives to promote production by certain politicalbureaucratic sectors, the scope was relative, among other things due to the dynamics of the markets, the financing system and rational calculation of the profit.

"Las condiciones de mi sexo": Mujeres científicas argentinas frente a la memoria masculinizada; “The conditions of/on my sex”: Argentina women scientists against masculinised memory Gomez, Carina Elizabeth Este trabajo tiene como fin presentar el panorama social que rodeó el ingreso de las mujeres al ámbito académico universitario argentino en tanto acontecimiento histórico mediado por las relaciones de género. Se describe el contexto social en las postrimerías del siglo XIX y principios del XX en Argentina a partir de la configuración normativa así como la descripción de sucesos que buscaron irrumpir con el encierro doméstico femenino. Se examina el acceso femenino a la educación universitaria y los estudios científicos en el contexto argentino de principio del siglo XX cuando se registran los primeros trabajos de investigación de mujeres en las publicaciones científicas. Entramado a este contexto se describe la vida de Prosperina Paraván, una estudiante figura clave femenina en los sucesos de la Reforma Universitaria. Estos acontecimientos históricos son recordados desde la óptica masculina, subvalorando y relegando al olvido la insumisión de aquellas mujeres en las universidades argentinas.; This work aims to present the social atmosphere surrounding women´s admission to Argentinian university academic sphere as a historical event mediated by gender relations. The social context in late 20th and early 21st centuries in Argentina is also described, as regards its normative frame as well as the events which broke into female domestic confinement and women´s difficulties to access education. Furthermore, women's access to university education and scientific studies is examined in the Argentinian historical context of early 20th century, when the first women's research papers are registered. Within this context Prosperina Paravarán´s life is described. She was a Santafecina student of the Dentistry programme at the National University of Córdoba who actively participated in the events during the University Reform, thus becoming a prominent female figure. Even after women's admission to universities, the University Reform was redrafted from a male perspective, underestimating those pioneer women´s unsubmitting attitude in Argentinian universities and consigning them to oblivion.

Análisis morfométrico multiescalar en la cuenca alta del arroyo Sauce Corto (Buenos Aires, Argentina); Morphometric multiple-scale analysis in the upper basin of the Sauce Corto stream (Buenos Aires, Argentina); Análise morfométrica multiescala na bacia alta do arroio Sauce Corto (Buenos Aires, Argentina) Moretto, Belén; Gentili, Jorge Osvaldo; Campo, Alicia María En la cuenca alta del arroyo Sauce Corto (vertiente norte del Sistema de Ventania, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), frecuentemente ocurren eventos extremos de precipitación que generan crecidas y dan lugar a inundaciones que afectan el desarrollo socio-económico del partido de Coronel Suárez. A fin de inferir la respuesta hidrológica del área de interés, es necesario el análisis de paramentos e índices morfométricos que permitan estudiar el peligro de inundación de las cuencas. El objetivo del trabajo es identificar las variaciones de la respuesta hidrológica de cuencas de interés en función de los parámetros e índices morfométricos obtenidos de distintas fuentes de datos y escalas. Los resultados del análisis multiescalar evidencian el peso de los procesos de generalización cartográfica asociados a la escala de semidetalle. En términos del análisis de la respuesta hidrológica es posible inferir que el uso de la escala 1:50.000 puede llevar a la subestimación de la torrencialidad de las cuencas y en consecuencia, de su grado de peligrosidad.; In the high basin of the Sauce Corto stream (in the Northern watershed of Ventania System in the Province of Buenos Aires), there are frequent extreme precipitation events, which generate floods that affect the socioeconomic development of Coronel Suárez district. In order to infer the hydrological response of the area, it is necessary to analyze the parameters and morphometric indexes that allow for the study of potentially dangerous basins flood. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to identify variations in the hydrological response of different basins, according to parameters and morphometric indexes obtained from various data and scale sources. The multiple-scale analysis results show the importance of cartographic generalization processes associated to semi detail scaling. In the analysis of the hydrological response it is possible to infer that the use of 1:50.000 scale will possibly underestimate the basins torrentiality and, consequently, its potential danger.; Na bacia alta do arroio Sauce Corto (vertente norte do Sistema de Ventania, província de Buenos Aires, Argentina), frequentemente ocorrem eventos extremos de precipitação que geram crescidas e dão lugar a inundações que afetam o desenvolvimento sócio econômico do partido de Coronel Suarez. Com o fim de inferir a resposta hidrológica da área de interesse é necessário a análise de parâmetros e índices morfométricos que permitam estudar o perigo de inundação das bacias. A partir do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho é identificar as variações da resposta hidrológica das bacias de interesse em função dos parâmetros e índices morfométricos obtidos de diferentes fontes de dados e escalas. Os resultados da análise multiescala evidenciam o peso dos processos de generalização cartográfica associados numa escala de mínimos detalhes. Em termos de análise da resposta hidrológica é possível inferir que o uso da escala 1:50.000 pode subestimar as chuvas torrenciais das bacias e, em consequência, o grau de perigo das mesmas.

Pharmaceutical equivalence and stability of Furosemide tablets in Argentina Brevedan, Marta Ingrid Victoria; Varillas, María Alejandra; González Vidal, Noelia Luján Furosemide is a widely used diuretic, indicated in the treatment of hypertension and edema. This active pharmaceutical ingredient is classified as Class IV in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. The World Health Organization recommends an oral dose of 40 mg. The aim of the present work was to evaluate and compare critical quality attributes, including in vitro dissolution characteristics, of eight furosemide tablet brands of Argentine market, and determine their pharmaceutical equivalence. Furthermore, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of storage (twelve months after natural aging conditions) over those critical properties. At time zero of analysis, all evaluated samples fulfilled specifications for friability, hardness, disintegration, assay, uniformity of dosage units and dissolution tests. After storage, all formulations fulfilled the assay and dissolution test specifications, with no statistical differences recorded for the obtained results. Comparison of dissolution profiles was also assessed in terms of the model independent parameter called dissolution efficiency. Highly significant differences were recorded between reference and four multisource formulations. The same differences were found at the beginning of the study (time zero) and after one year of storage. One product presented the lowest dissolution efficiency results, associated to highly significant differences when compared to the other formulations. However, the obtained results reveal that the evaluated samples complied with codified quality control tests, and consequently can be qualified as pharmaceutical equivalents. Natural aging conditions clearly not affected the stability of the evaluated products.

Lo barrial del barrio: Una discusión desde el habitar subalterno en Bahía Blanca (Argentina); Neighborhoodness in the neighborhood: A discussion on subaltern living in Bahía Blanca, Argentina Larreche, José Ignacio El presente escrito quiere conocer las experiencias del habitar de sujet@s autoidentificad@s gais y lesbianas en clave barrial. Los datos surgieron de conversaciones y entrevistas, y fueron complementados por la observación en el terreno, situados en la ciudad intermedia de Bahía Blanca, al sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. La perspectiva geográfica fue enriquecida por la semiótica y la antropología urbana asumiendo un abordaje cultural. A partir de la deconstrucción de los imperativos que cimientan lo barrial (familia, tranquilidad y pasado), se pueden explicar reajustes interbarriales en las trayectorias individuales, que dan como resultado la activación de determinadas áreas de la ciudad. Finalmente, esta apuesta se distancia de la ciudad como entidad totalizadora y, desde voces poco escuchadas, busca abrir la escala barrial para demostrar los condicionamientos que se intercalan en el tránsito de lo cotidiano.; This paper aims at delving into the neighborhood living experiences of self-identified gay and lesbian subjects. Data was gathered from conversations and interviews, and complemented by observation in the field, located in the intermediate city of Bahía Blanca, to the southwest of the Buenos Aires province. The geographical perspective was enriched by semiotics and urban anthropology, within a cultural approach. Inter-neighborhood readjustments in the individual trajectories that result in the activation of certain city areas can be explained from the deconstruction of the imperatives that found the notion of neighbourhood (family, tranquility and past). Finally, this view is distanced from the city as a totalizing entity and, from the perspective of barely heard voices, seeks to open the neighborhood scale to demonstrate the conditionings woven in the transit of everyday life.

Physical properties of monoglycerides oleogels modified by concentration, cooling rate, and high-intensity ultrasound Giacomozzi, Anabella Soledad; Palla, Camila Andrea; Carrin, Maria Elena; Martini, Silvana The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of monoglycerides (MG) concentration (3, 4.5, and 6 wt%), cooling rate (0.1 and 10 °C/min), and high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) application on physical properties of oleogels from MG and high oleic sunflower oil. Microstructure, melting profile, elasticity (G′), and solid fat content (SFC) were measured immediately after preparation of samples (t = 0) and after 24 hr of storage at 25 °C. Samples’ textural properties (hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness) and oil binding capacity (OBC) were evaluated after 24 hr at 25 °C. In general, samples became less elastic over time. Slow cooling rate resulted in lower G′ after 24 hr compared to the ones obtained using 10 °C/min. Network OBC was improved by increasing MG concentration and cooling rate, and by applying HIU. After storage, oleogel melting enthalpy increased with MG concentration. In general, this behavior was not correlated with an increase in SFC. An improvement in the network structure was generally reached with the increase in cooling rate, according to texture and rheology results, for both sonicated and nonsonicated conditions. At the highest MG concentration, HIU application was more efficient at increasing OBC and hardness of the network at 0.1 °C/min. Microscopy images showed that the oleogels microstructure was changed as a consequence of HIU application and cooling rate, evidencing smaller crystals both in sonicated and faster cooled samples. Obtained results demonstrate that cooling rate, MG concentration, and HIU can be used satisfactorily to tailor physical properties of MG oleogels.

First record of the red alga Compsopogon caeruleus (Balbis ex C. Agardh) Montagne 1846 in the High Paraná River, Argentina-Paraguay Meichtry Zaburlin, Norma Rosa; Guzmán, Leila Belén; Escalada, Micaela Carolina; Llano, Víctor Martín; Vogler, Roberto Eugenio The presence of a freshwater red alga (Rhodophyta), Compsopogon caeruleus, was recorded for the first time in the High Paraná River. It was detected in 2016 and 2017 at five points along 290 km of the border between Argentina and Paraguay. High densities of filaments of the red alga were recorded in the summer months, forming masses flowing through the middle of the riverbed and banks, and not recorded in the main body of the Yacyretá Binational Reservoir (Argentina-Paraguay). We identified the species both morphologically and using molecular methods. The samples were characterized by having short, thorn-like branches, which resembled the morphology reported for Compsopogon aeruginosus, nowadays a synonym of C. caeruleus. Partial DNA sequences from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene confirmed species identification as C. caeruleus. Because of its adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions, we speculate that the species could establish in the High Paraná River and potentially rapidly increase its distribution downstream throughout temperate regions of South America.

Características metalogenéticas de la Veta Buena Vista, Distrito Minero Andacollo, Neuquén, Argentina; Geological characterization of the Buena Vista vein, Andacollo mining district, Neuquén, Argentina Pons, Agustina; D'annunzio, María Celeste; Strazzere, Leonardo; Cócola, María Agustina El distrito minero Andacollo está ubicado al SO de la localidad homónima, en la provincia de Neuquén. Se reconocen en el área un conjunto de vetas epitermales con mineralización de Ag ± Au aflorantes en el cerro Las Minas.La veta Buena Vista, motivo del presente trabajo, presenta un rumbo NE-SO, una longitud de 250 m y un espesor promedio de 3,5 m. La roca de caja corresponde a volcanitas con grados variables de alteración hidrotermal. La asociación de alteración en la zona de contacto con la veta está compuesta por cuarzo + sericita (± clorita ± pirita), mientras que en las zonas más alejadas está formada por clorita + minerales arcillosos (± calcita ± pirita). Según las relaciones estratigráficas, la edad de la veta es pre-Carbonífero Superior.La veta está formada por cinco pulsos de relleno hidrotermal entre los que se identificó un evento mineralizante (cuarto pulso) compuesto por pirita, galena, esfalerita, calcopirita, marcasita, argentita y electrum. Desde la superficie hacia los niveles más profundos estudiados se reconoce una disminución del contenido de sulfuros y un simultáneo aumento en el contenido de electrum, zonación que no coincide con la propuesta por otros autores para este tipo de yacimiento. Los fluidos del tercer pulso, presentan temperaturas mínimas de entrampamiento entre 210 y 278ºC y salinidad promedio de 1,37% NaCl eq. Si bien no fue posible caracterizar micro-termométricamente los fluidos del evento mineralizante acorde al diagrama paragenético, se estima que las salinidades y temperaturas pudieron haber sido similares o levemente menores al del pulso analizado.; The Andacollo mining district is located on the southwest of the town of the same name in Neuquén province. A setof epithermal veins with mineralization of Ag± Au are recognized on CerroLas Minas.This paper deals with the NE-SW trending Buena Vista vein that is 250 m in length withan average width of 3.5 m.Wall-rocksof this vein are volcanic rocks with varying degrees of hydrothermal alteration. The hydrothermal alteration paragenesis of the wall-rock atthe contact with the vein is composed ofquartz + sericite(± chlorite ± pyrite) whereas far from the veinitis composed ofchlorite + clays (± calcite). The vein is formed by five pulses of hydrothermalfilling. The mineralizing event (fourth pulse) is composed ofpyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, argentite,and electrum. From the surface to the deeper studied levels, silver contentdecreases, while sulfides and electrum increase. The fluids of the third pulse had minimum temperatures between 210 and 278ºC and an average salinity of 1.37% wt. NaCl eq. Although it is not possible to micro-thermometrically characterize the fluids of the mineralizing event according to the paragenetic diagram, it is estimated that the salinityand temperaturesare considered assimilar orlower than for the thirdpulse.

La presencia de obsidiana en contextos arqueológicos del norte de Mendoza: interacciones humanas en una región andina sin fuentes volcánicas; archaeological obsidian in northern Mendoza: human interactions in an andean region that lacks volcanic sources Cortegoso, Valeria; Yebra, Lucía Gabriela; Castro, Silvina; Duran, Victor Alberto Se presentan resultados del análisis geoquímico (XRF) de N = 61 piezas de obsidiana correspondientes a diez sitios arqueológicos del norte de Mendoza (32°-33°S); un segmento latitudinal donde la cordillera de los Andes alcanza su máxima altitud. Además de estar fuera de la región andina con fuentes de obsidiana, los sitios se localizan al norte del límite de divergencia cultural establecida en los últimos milenios (34°S) entre sociedades productoras y cazadoras-recolectoras. Se evalúa la asignación de elementos de obsidiana a fuentes cordilleranas y extracordilleranas entre (34°-37°S) todas en un rango comprendido entre 200 y 500 km de distancia. Las cronologías de los contextos abarcan un extenso rango temporal (entre ca. 7400 y 300 años AP) durante el cual se registra un proceso de diversificación económica que separa a las sociedades del área considerada de sus vecinas ubicadas al sur. Los resultados contribuyen a evaluar la dirección de interacciones que involucran principalmente la cordillera, pero además discutir cambios en escala y modalidad de acceso a las fuentes entre grupos con distintas estrategias económicas.; The results of geochemical analysis (XRF) of obsidian artifacts (n = 61) belonging to ten archaeological sites in northern Mendoza (32°-33°S) are presented. The sites are located outside of the Andean volcanic sources and to the north of the frontier (34°) established in recent millennia between farmers and hunter-gatherer societies. The assignation of obsidian artifacts to cordilleran and extra cordilleran sources (34° y 37°S) is evaluated, all of which are located between 200 and 500km from the study area. Archaeological contexts correspond to a chronological range of c.7400 to 300 years BP, during which period processes of economic diversification have been recorded that separated societies within the study area from their southern neighbors. The results contribute to the assessment of human interactions along the Andean cordillera, but also suggest changes in scale and modalities of access to sources among groups with different economic strategies.

An imazethapyr-based herbicide formulation induces genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects in Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Pérez Iglesias, Juan Manuel; Brodeur, Celine Marie Julie; Larramendy, Marcelo Luis Genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects on Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles were evaluated after exposure to an imazethapyr (IMZT)-based commercial herbicide formulation, Pivot® H (10.59% IMZT). A determination of the value of the lethal concentration (LC50) was determined as a toxicological endpoint. Alterations in animal behavior and morphological abnormalities as well as cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were employed as individual sublethal endpoints. Micronuclei frequencies (MNs), binucleated cells (BNs), blebbed nuclei (BLs), lobed nuclei (LBs), notched nuclei (NTs), erythroplastids (EPs), and evaluation of DNA strand breaks were employed as genotoxic endpoints. All biomarkers were evaluated after 48 and 96 h of exposure to concentrations of IMZT within 0.07?4.89 mg/L. LC50 96h values of 1.01 and 0.29 mg/L IMZT were obtained for Gosner stages 25 and 36, respectively. Irregular swimming, diamond body shape, and decreased frequency of keratodonts were detected at both sampling times. Results showed that IMZT increased GST activity and MN frequency at 48 and 96 h of exposure. Other nuclear abnormalities were also observed in the circulating erythrocytes of tadpoles, i.e., NT and BL values after 48 h, and LN, BL, and EP values after 96 h. Finally, results showed that IMZT within 0.07?0.22 mg/L increased the genetic damage index in tadpoles exposed for both exposure times (48 and 96 h). This study is the first to report the sublethal biochemical effects of IMZT in anurans and is also the first report using L. latinasus tadpoles as a bioindicator for ecotoxicological studies.

Mixed-integer linear programming approach for product design for life-cycle profit Zeballos, Luis Javier; Mendez, Carlos Alberto; Barbosa Povoa, Ana P. The paper deals with the product design problem where the characteristics of new and remanufactured products must be determined. The objective of the problem is to maximize the total profit taking into account the design specifications and the selling prices for the new and remanufactured products. The amount of new and remanufactured products is to be determined and the take-back rate is considered. The problem representation leads to a mixed-integer nonlinear structure, which makes very hard to deal with the corresponding mathematical formulation. Nevertheless, the problem can be modeled as a mixed-integer linear formulation taking advantage of the high efficiency, both in terms of solution accuracy and computing time of the software tools (solvers) developed for mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). This is explored in this work and a MILP model able to accurately represent the life-cycle design while the profit is maximized is proposed. In particular, the model takes into account the effects on the demand level of specifications and prices of new and remanufactured products. The formulation deals with the representation of demands nonlinear functions (new and remanufactured products) and the existent bilinear terms are handled through piecewise linear approximation and multi-parametric disaggregation techniques. The practical behavior of the formulation is analyzed through computational experiments considering an example of a desktop computer. In addition, the performance of the formulation and the quality of the solution obtained are compared with the performance of a nonlinear approach.

Physicochemical, in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of water-soluble chitosan-lactose derivatives Arata Badano, Joaquin; Vanden Braber, Noelia Luciana; Rossi, Yanina Estefanía; Diaz Vergara, Ladislao Ivan; Bohl, Luciana Paola; Porporatto, Carina; Falcone, Ruben Dario; Montenegro, Mariana Angélica In this study, water-soluble chitosan (Ch) derivatives were synthesized by the Maillard reaction between Ch and lactose. The Ch derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and SLS to determine their structure, degree of deacetylation (DD), and molecular weight (Mw). The solubility at physiological pH, the in vitro antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical, anion superoxide radical and ABTS cation radical, and the cytotoxicity against epithelial cells of therat ileum (IEC-18) were also evaluated. The Maillard reaction, derivatives with lower Mw and DD and greater solubility than Ch were obtained. The biological properties of the derivatives were dependent on the concentration, Mw and DD, with antioxidant activity greater than or equal to that of Ch and non-cytotoxic in a wide range of concentrations. The results indicate that Ch derivatization with lactose produces new water-soluble polysaccharides, with antioxidantactivity and non-cytotoxic, which can be used as biomaterials for food and pharmaceutical applications.

La construcción del perfil epidemiológico: Un aporte desde el fútbol callejero en el Barrio Alto Alberdi; The construction of the epidemiological profile: Contribution from street football in the Alto Alberdi neighborhood Auat, Pedro Matías; Vaccaro, Natalia Desirée; Astegiano, Cecilia Este trabajo intenta profundizar en el estudio de la construcción del perfil epidemiológico desde otra mirada, desarrollando la tensión existente entre la epidemiología clásica y la crítica. Se desarrollan las categorías que conforman la dimensión particular de la determinación social de la salud, haciendo énfasis en la descripción de los modos de vida de los niños y niñas de un barrio de Córdoba, Argentina, enfatizando la dialéctica existente en el proceso salud enfermedad atención. Se describen los cambios en el espacio urbano y el impacto del mismo en la configuración social del barrio. La epidemiología crítica permite pensar, repensar y comprender en profundidad el proceso salud enfermedad atención de las poblaciones que acompañamos en territorio y en la necesidad de posicionarnos desde esta mirada que permita proponer acciones acordes a la complejidad de la realidad.; This working paper seeks to deepen in the study of the construction of the epidemiological profile from a different perspective, developing the already existing tension between traditional and critical epidemiology. Categories that make up the singular dimension of the health social determination are developed, emphasizing the description of the ways of life of children in a neighborhood of Cordoba, Argentina, stressing the existing dialectics in the health-illness process. Changes in the urban area are described as well as the impact itself in the social division of the neighborhood. Critical epidemiology allows us to think, rethink and to have a clear understanding of the health-disease- care process of the populations who come along with territory and needs of standing ourselves from this perspective that let us suggest different actions according to the complex reality.

Biodiesel production from Halamphora coffeaeformis microalga oil by supercritical ethanol transesterification Hegel, Pablo Ezequiel; Martin, Lucas Ariel; Popovich, Cecilia Angelines; Damiani, Maria Cecilia; Leonardi, Patricia Ines The marine benthic diatom Halamphora coffeaeformis is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Thisspecies shows high growth rates, important triacylglycerol (TAG) contents and grows in seawater makinglarge-scale cultivation advantageous. Moreover, sustainable biofuel production in future biorefineries requiresthe implementation of technologies that employ renewable solvents. Thus, the goal of this work was to evaluateethanol usage as extraction solvent and reaction medium for biodiesel production from H. coffeaeformis. Ina first step a bio-oil extraction was carried out comparing ethanol and n-hexane to investigate the performanceof ethanol with respect to a conventional solvent. Then, a free-catalyst supercritical ethanol transesterificationof the bio-oils was carried out to obtain biodiesel. Higher lipid extraction yields were obtained using ethanolrespect to n-hexane (26wt.% vs 21.1wt.%). The transesterification of crude lipids extracted with ethanol as solventat 305°C and 40min. produced up to 15.9wt.% of biodiesel respect to dried biomass processed. Comparablebiodiesel yields were obtained using non-renewable organic solvents and a conventional catalytic technology.Thus, ethanol extraction and subsequent supercritical transesterification of H. coffeaeformis oil proved to be technicallyfeasible and environmental friendly technology for the production of biodiesel.

A long and troublesome journey: People's perceptions and attitudes along the migratory path of a scavenger bird Ballejo, Fernando; Graña Grilli, Maricel; Lambertucci, Sergio Agustin In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in integrating the social sciences and conservation studies to inform a more realistic management approach. Indeed, an understanding of people's perception of fauna helps in the evaluation of possible conflicts with humans, and provides tools to solve these conflicts. However, perceptions may change along a species geographical distribution. Scavenger birds are not exempt from these conflicts as many farmers blame them for attacking and killing livestock. We evaluated the knowledge, perceptions and attitude of people regarding New World vultures along a migratory path in South America. We conducted 114 interviews with farmers in six different localities between Argentine Patagonia and central Bolivia. About half (48.2%) of the interviewees considered vultures harmful to livestock and a substantial number (24.5%) considered killing these birds as a solution for the conflict. The perception of the damage caused by these birds was worse in vultures wintering and breeding areas, than along the migration route. People with a higher level of education and greater numbers of livestock exhibited more negative perceptions. However, many people (53%) still believed that scavenger birds are important for the environment. Our results suggest that acknowledgment of services provided by scavengers makes killing of scavengers less likely. Educational strategies are needed to increase levels of appreciation toward the ecosystem services provided by vultures, over those of perceived damages.

Effect of competition intensity on recruitment of palatable and unpalatable grasses García, Andrés; Scarfó, María Cecilia; Loydi, Alejandro; Distel, Roberto Alejandro In this study, we made an attempt to reveal how competition intensity from established plants impacts on palatable and unpalatable grass seedlings recruitment, in a natural mesic grassland of central Argentina. Our objective was to assess the seedling recruitment of a palatable species (Chascolytrum subaristatum) and an unpalatable species (Nassella trichotoma) in microsites differing in competition intensity from established plants. Identity (C. subaristatum and N. trichotoma) and defoliation severity were used as surrogate for competition intensity. In March 2017, we permanently marked established individuals of N. trichotoma and C. subaristatum and placed two circular plots adjacent to each individual. In one plot we added seeds of N. trichotoma and in the other seeds of C. subaristatum. After seeding, established plants were randomly assigned to one of three level of defoliation: without defoliation, low defoliation severity and high defoliation severity. From April to November 2017 (i.e. over a complete annual growing cycle), we measured seedling density, recruitment and growth. Our results supported the hypothesis that seedlings of palatable grasses are more competitive than seedlings of unpalatable grasses. Seedling of the palatable grass C. subaristatum recruited successfully regardless the intensity of competition from established plants, whereas seedlings of the unpalatable grass N. trichotoma recruited better under low competitive pressure from established plants. Our results suggest that the availability of microsites with low competitive pressure from the established vegetation, created by selective grazing of palatable grasses, promotes the recruitment of unpalatable grass seedlings. This mechanism may contribute to the species replacement process commonly observed in heavy grazed grasslands.

Adsorption of norfloxacin on a hexagonal mesoporous silica: isotherms, kinetics and adsorbent reuse Ortiz Otalvaro, Julian Andres; Brigante, Maximiliano Eduardo; Avena, Marcelo Javier The adsorption of the antibiotic norfloxacin (NFX) on MCM-41 type mesoporous silica has been studied in batch experiments by performing adsorption kinetics and isotherms under different conditions. Regeneration of the adsorbent and reuse studies were also carried out and are discussed. On the one hand, the adsorption is very fast and strongly dependent on pH, increasing from 30.6 µmol g−1 at pH 3.0 to 192.3 µmol g−1 at pH 7.0 and then decreasing up to 29.6 µmol g−1 as pH increases. The adsorption takes place by direct binding of NFX to silica active sites through electrostatic interactions and H-bonds formations, as deduced from adsorption experiments at several ionic strengths and temperatures. The hydrophobic conformation of the antibiotic zwitterion seems to play also a key role on the maximum adsorption at neutral pH. The presence of calcium ions strongly increases the adsorption of NFX at pH > 4.5 due to the formation of ternary NFX-Ca2+-MCM-41 complexes by calcium-bridging. After the first cycle of regeneration through washing using several solvents, the studied solid significantly reduces its removal efficiency—up to 60%—but then it remains constant for another three cycles. The analysis of thermodynamic parameters suggests that the adsorption is exothermic (− 28.8 kJ mol−1) and spontaneous in nature. On the other hand, the capacity of MCM-41 to remove a concentration of the antibiotic commonly-found in water environments is still being too low if it compares with other adsorbents. Improving the silica surface reactivity should be the main goal by the researchers in order to use the material as adsorbent of this kind of molecules in the future.

Discrimination of hydrologic variations for spatial distribution of fish assemblage in a large subtropical temperate river Espínola, Luis Alberto; Abrial, Elie; Rabuffetti, Ana Pia; Simoes Da Silva, Nadson Ressyé; Amsler, Mario Luis; Blettler, Martin Cesar Maria; Eurich, María Florencia; Paira, Aldo Raul This study examines the effects of the flow and flood pulses on spatialdispersion of fish assemblages in the floodplain of the Paraná River in Argentina. Wetested the hypothesis that high water levels and greater lateral connectivity promotefish dispersal and spatial homogenization of assemblage structure. We sampled foursites during different phases of the annual hydrologic cycle from 2010 to 2016. Watersurface in the area was estimated during each phase. We computed multivariatestatistics and estimates of ß-diversity to analyze assemblage variations in relation tohydrological phases. Three hydrological phases were defined: low flow pulses (waterlevels between 2.3 and 3.2, approximately 10% of the floodplain covered by water),high flow pulses(between 3.2 and 4.5, from 11 to 84%), and floods (> 4.5 m, morethan 84%). Although difference between high flow pulses and flood was notsignificant, ß-diversity values for these stages were higher than for low flow pulses.This suggests that floods and high flow pulses increase the spatial variability of fishassemblages, whereas homogenization processes occur later during low flowperiods. This work provides further knowledge about the flood homogenization effectin a large unregulated floodplain where lateral connectivity still plays a significant roleon ecological structuring processes.

Cuentas y Tembetás Malacológicos de los grupos cazadores-recolectores prehispánicos del humedal del Paraná inferior; Shell beads and tembetás from prehispanic hunter-gatherers of low Paraná wetland Buc, Natacha; Acosta, Alejandro Alberto; Loponte, Daniel Marcelo Entre los grupos cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon el humedal del río Paraná inferior durante el Holoceno tardío, el conjunto más numeroso de adornos es el de las cuentas y tembetás hechos sobre valvas de moluscos. En trabajos previos observamos que estos elementos presentan similitudes morfológicas a nivel intersitio, con pequeñas variaciones formales. En este trabajo evaluamos la posibilidad de que estos elementos hayan funcionado como demarcadores sociales. En este sentido esperamos un patrón homogéneo tanto en la forma general y sus atributos, como en el tamaño. Para ello analizamos métrica y morfológicamente los conjuntos malacológicos provenientes de diez sitios arqueológicos del área. Los resultados muestran tendencias diferentes para las cuentas y los tembetás. Las primeras se distribuyen de manera homogénea en el espacio con un patrón morfológico y métrico compartido que sólo excluye uno de los sitios arqueológicos. Los tembetás, por su parte, son menos frecuentes y presentan dos variantes morfométricas que pueden responder a variaciones individuales o reflejar parcialidades étnicas.; Among hunter-gatherer groups that inhabited the low Paraná wetland during Late Holocene, the most numerous assemblages of ornaments are composed by shell beads and tembetás. In previous works we observed that the assemblages show inter-site morphological similarities with little formal variations. In this paper we test the idea that these elements were used as social markers. Consequently, we expect an homogeneous pattern in the general form and the form of their attributes, as well as the metrical values. For this purpose, we analyse metrical and morphological data of shell assemblages from ten archaeological sites of the study area. Results show different tendencies for shell beads and tembetás. Shell beads are homogenously distributed in the region with a shared morphologic and metric pattern that only excludes one of the archaeological sites. Tembetás are less frequent and show two morpho-metric variants that could be a response either to individual variability or to ethnic identification.