Innovation in emerging markets: the case of Latin América Casanova, Lourdes; Cahen, Fernanda; Miroux, Anne; Finchelstein, Diego; Davila, Anabella; García, Juana; Andonova, Veneta; de Oliveira Jr, Moacir Miranda In the past 15 years, emerging markets have come to represent about half of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Ledby China, they have made gains in economic development aswell as political influence; in turn, their companies have taken on a new level of importance in driving innovation, localdevelopment, and global competition (Casanova & Miroux,2018). Thus, we discuss the drivers, types and outcomes of innovation in emerging markets, with a focus on Latin America. The Emerging Multinationals Research Network (EMRN)has undertaken a number of case studies, collaborations withthe Emerging Markets Institute (EMI), and a survey-based research study on this issue, building on discussions at AIB-LATconferences in Santiago de Chile (2015), São Paulo (2016),Lima (2017) and Buenos Aires (2018). This work on innovation is being compiled in a forthcoming book by CambridgeUniversity Press entitled From Copycat to Leaders: Innovationfrom Emerging Markets. This article sets out some of the issuesto be dealt with in the forthcoming book (Cahen, Casanova,& Miroux, 2019).

Lo que invocar la figura del Rey y la justicia regia significaba (y lo que no) Monarquismo popular en Charcas tardocolonial; What invoking the king´s name and royal justice meant (and what it did not) popular royalism in late colonial charcas Serulnikov, Sergio El artículo explora las expresiones de monarquismo popular entre sectores indígenas y plebeyos urbanos en Charcas a fines del siglo XVIII. Analiza los fundamentos ideológicos de acciones colectivas, representaciones simbólicas y prácticas políticas que invocaban la imagen del rey. Se basa en eventos tales como las grandes rebeliones tupamaristas y kataristas, varias protestas en La Plata (hoy Sucre) en la década de 1780 y el levantamiento de la ciudad en 25 de Mayo de 1809. El argumento central es que en Hispanoamérica colonial el Rey era un significante vacío. En la medida que carecía de todos los atributos materiales asociados a magistrados y organismos de gobierno, podía ser evocado para transmitir aquiescencia al orden establecido tanto como para subvertir radicalmente las relaciones de poder en el que ese orden su fundaba. Por consiguiente, las implicancias profundas del legitimismo monárquico no debieran ser inferidas de los pronunciamientos formales y las declaraciones de principios sino del contexto político de las acciones colectivas y su inscripción en la esfera pública.; The article addresses expressions of popular monarchism among Indians and urban groups in late colonial Charcas. It explores the ideological underpinnings of collective actions, symbolic representations, and political practices that invoked the King´s image. It draws from various historical events such as the Tupac Amaru and Katarista indigenous rebellions, popular protests in the city of La Plata (present-day Sucre) in the 1780s, and the Charcas uprising of May 25, 1809. The central argument is that in Spanish America the king was an empty signifier. As the King's image lacked all the material and symbolic attributes associated with government officials and bodies, it could be deployed to convey compliance to the existing political order as well as to subvert in radical ways the relations of power on which that order was predicted. Therefore, the profound implications of monarchical legitimacy cannot be inferred exclusively from formal statements, programs, and declarations of principles but from the political nature of the collective practices and their inscription into the public sphere. Keywords popular monarchism, colonialism, Charcas, political history

Visiones políticas. El sistema imaginario de Cambiemos (Argentina, 2015-2018); Political visions. The imaginary system of Cambiemos (Argentina, 2015-2018); Visões políticas. O sistema imaginário de Cambiemos (Argentina, 2015-2018) Dagatti, Mariano Jesús; Onofrio, María Paula A partir de un método sincrónico, este artículo comunica los resultados preliminares de una indagación en progreso acerca de la imaginación política desplegada por la coalición argentina gobernante, Cambiemos (2015-2018). Se relevan de manera exhaustiva piezas (audio)visuales de comunicación política y se identifica, en función de las regularidades percibidas, una gramática de imaginación política organizada en torno a múltiples fines de mediano y corto plazo. Las conclusiones permiten comprender cómo la comunicación política de dicha fuerza trabaja de manera original con el nuevo paisaje mediático, signado por la cultura de la conectividad y la convivencia de diferentes sistemas de medios.; Based on a synchronic method, this article shows the preliminary results of an ongoing research about the political imagination deployed by the ruling Argentine coalition, Cambiemos (2015-2018). We exhaustively take into consideration the (audio)visual pieces of its political communication. Then, we identify regularities to organize a grammar of political imagination around multiple medium and short-term goals. The conclusions allow to understand how the political communication of Cambiemos works in an original way with the new media landscape, marked by the culture of connectivity and the coexistence of different media systems; Baseado em um método sincrônico, este artigo apresenta resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre a imaginação política empregada pela colisão argentina dominante Cambiemos (2015-2018). As partes (áudio)-visuais da comunicação política são exaustivamente analizadas. Uma gramática da imaginação política organizada em torno de múltiplos objetivos de médio e curto prazo é identificada com base nas regularidades percebidas. As conclusões nos permitem compreender como a comunicação política da colisão funciona de maneira original com o novo cenário midiático, marcado pela cultura da conectividade e pela coexistência de diferentes sistemas midiáticos

(Des)clasificando la cultura escrita guaraní.Un enigmático documento trilingüe de las misiones jesuíticas del Paraguay; (De)classifying Guarani Written Culture.An Enigmatic Trilingual Document from the Jesuit Missions of Paraguay Vega, Fabián Roberto; Wilde, Guillermo Luis Este artículo analiza un enigmático documento encontrado en el Archivo General de la Nación de Buenos Aires. Se trata de un pequeño folio escrito en recto y verso que contiene fragmentos de texto en tres lenguas: guaraní, español y latín. Tratamos de entender sus posibles usos en la cultura escrita de la provincia jesuítica del Paraguay y más ampliamente en la praxis político-religiosa de los pueblos de misión, compartida por los misioneros jesuitas y los miembros de la elite indígena. Argumentamos que este documento señala una imbricación entre la dimensión espiritual y temporal de la vida misional y da indicios de lo que pudo ser el desenvolvimiento de la performance verbal en esos espacios, íntimamente ligada a las prácticas devocionales. Al tiempo que indagamos en las características singulares de este enigmático papel, buscamos encontrarle sentido dentro de un corpus más amplio. La primera parte del artículo aborda las características materiales específicas del documento. La segunda se centra en el análisis del contenido de cada uno de los fragmentos en las tres lenguas. Las tercera y cuarta partes sitúan el escrito respectivamente en sus posibles contextos de uso y su trama intertextual.; This article analyses an enigmatic document found at Buenos Aires National Archive. It is a small folio written on recto and verso containing text excerpts in three languages: Guarani, Spanish and Latin. We try to understand possible uses of this document in the context of missionary written culture of the Jesuit province of Paraguay shared both by the Jesuit missionaries and the members of the Indigenous elite, while broadly exploring the political and religious praxis of the Guarani mission towns. We argue that this document points to an imbrication between the spiritual and temporal dimensions of mission´s daily life. It also provides evidence of what could have been the development of verbal performance in these spaces, closely linked to devotional practices. While we inquire into the singular characteristics of this enigmatic paper, we try to find its meaning in the framework of the broader corpus. The first part of the article studies specific material characteristics of the document. The second focuses on the analysis of the content of each excerpt in the three languages. The third and fourth parts situate the document respectively in its possible contexts of use and its intertextual weave

Programmatic human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer prevention in the Jujuy Demonstration Project in Argentina: a population-based, before-and-after retrospective cohort study Arrossi, Silvina; Paolino, Melisa Delia; Laudi, Rosa; Gago, Juan Ezequiel; Campanera, Alicia; Marín, Oscar; Falcón, Cristina; Serra, Verónica; Herrero, Rolando; Thouyaret, Laura Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical cancer prevention was introduced in Argentina through the Jujuy Demonstration Project (2011-14). The programme tested women aged 30 years and older attending the public health system with clinician-collected HPV tests. HPV self-collection was introduced as a programmatic strategy in 2014. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of programmatic HPV testing to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in comparison with cytology-based screening. Methods: We did a population-based, before-and-after retrospective cohort study using data from the National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program for the Jujuy province in northwest Argentina. We obtained data for the cytology-based screening period from Jan 1, 2010, until Dec 31, 2011, and for the HPV-based screening period from Jan 1, 2012, until Dec 31, 2014. The primary outcome was detection of histologically diagnosed CIN2+ among women aged 30 years and older. To assess the outcomes in all individuals included in the study, we used multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching. The reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used for the before-and-after analysis of programmatic dimensions. Findings: Of the 29 631 women who underwent cytology-based screening in 2010?11, CIN2+ was detected in 236 (0·8%) individuals. Of the 49 565 women HPV tested in 2012?14 (clinician-collected tests, n=44 700; self-collection tests, n=4865), 693 (1·4%; 658 clinician-collected tests; 35 self-collection tests) were found to have CIN2+ after the first round of screening. Compared with cytology-based screening, the odds ratio of being diagnosed with a CIN2+ lesion was 2·34 (95% CI 2·01?2·73; p<0·0010) with clinician-collected tests, and 1·08 (0·74?1·52; p=0·68) when screened with self-collection tests, after controlling for age and health insurance status. Screening coverage was similar in both periods (52·7% vs 53·2%); improvements of programmatic indicators were observed in the HPV testing period in relation to laboratory centralisation, lower overscreening (6·6% vs 0·0%), higher adherance to age recommendations (79·3% vs 98·8%), and a decrease of inadequate samples (3·6% vs 0·2%). Interpretation: HPV testing in middle-income settings increases detection of CIN2+ lesions and allows for improvement of programmatic indicators. Evidence suggests that the introduction of HPV testing will accelerate the reduction of cervical cancer burden. Funding: Argentinian National Cancer Institute and National Council of Scientific and Technologic Research.

International Ties at Peripheral Sites: Co-producing Social Processes and Scientific Knowledge in Latin America Rodrígez Medina, Leandro; Ferpozzi, Hugo Pablo; Layna, Juan Agustín; Martin Valdez, Emiliano; Kreimer, Pablo Rafael In recent decades, scientific knowledge has been increasingly expected to contribute to the resolution of public and controversial issues in Latin America. However, in peripheral sites of knowledge and economic production, the dynamics of both science and society have been complicated by tensions between the demands of local stakeholders and the ties with the global centers of technical and scientific expertise. First, local public issues are often addressed in merely discursive ways, rather than effectively, in research and expert advice; second, local scientific elites often establish links with experts and the global centers of science in order to legitimate their stance against competing approaches. An analysis of four case studies (neglected diseases, mining pollution, wildlife conservation and migration studies) involving the production of scientific knowledge intended to address public issues in Latin America reveals, first, that material and symbolic asymmetries determine the outcomes of these engagements and, second, that international ties with peripheral sites affect the cognitive definition of the issues at stake and the range of public interventions devised to address them. Yet, in these four case studies, the key actors that mediate links between local stakeholders and international counterparts–or, ‘drivers’–mobilize the bodies of knowledge that, ultimately, shape the cognitive and political contours of the social issues at stake.

Las memorias de la Resistencia peronista en los orígenes de Montoneros Otero, Rocio Soledad El artículo analiza las representaciones sobre la Resistencia Peronista (1955-1960) elaboradas por la organización guerrillera Montoneros en los primeros años de su existencia. Se pone de relieve la configuración de memorias en clave mitológica sobre los principales hitos de esa experiencia histórica, y la recepción y resignificación de las mismas por parte de Montoneros. Se describen formas en que esta organización representó la historia de la Resistencia Peronista en los primeros años de su existencia y se las analiza a la luz de los contextos políticos. Se sugiere la inscripción de estas representaciones en marcos de sentido caracterizados por la glorificación de las luchas políticas, y se las vincula con las inclinaciones vanguardistas de esta organización y su elección por la lucha armada.; The paper analyzes the representations of the Peronist Resistance (1955-1960) produced by Montoneros guerrilla organization in the first years of its existence (1970-1973). It highlights the mythological key in the memory of the main milestones of historical experience, and their reception and resignification by the Montoneros. It describes ways in which this organization represented the history of the Peronist Resistance in the first years of its existence and it is analyzed in the light of political contexts. It is suggested that these representations be viewed within frames of meaning characterized by the glorification of political struggles, linked to the avantgarde inclinations of this organization and their choice of armed struggle.

Ciencia versus violencia. La figura de Francisco José de Caldas en Los derrotados de Pablo Montoya; Science versus violence. The figure of Francisco José de Caldas in Pablo Montoya’s novel Los derrotados Sancholuz, Carolina Nuestro trabajo propone una aproximación a la novela Los derrotados (2012) del escritor colombiano Pablo Montoya, con el objetivo de trazar algunas líneas de interpretación sobre los usos del pasado, la tradición y la memoria, teniendo en cuenta cómo operan simbólicamente en el texto la naturaleza, el paisaje, los desplazamientos espaciales y temporales, la violencia política del pasado y la del presente colombianos. La construcción literaria de la figura histórica del sabio naturalista José Francisco de Caldas le permite a Montoya trazar un arco temporal donde las derrotas del siglo XIX se resignifican en el escenario político del presente en Colombia.; Our work proposes a brief approach to the novel Los derrotados (2012) by the Colombian writer Pablo Montoya, with the aim of drawing some lines of interpretation on the uses of the past, tradition and memory, considering how nature, landscape, temporal and spatial displacements and past and present Colombian political violence operate symbolically in the text. The literary construction of the historical figure of the naturalist sage José Francisco de Caldas allows Montoya to draw a temporary arc where the defeats of the nineteenth century are given new meaning in the present political scenario in Colombia.

Identification of llama KRTAP7-1 and KRTAP8-1 fiber genes and polymorphism screening Daverio, Maria Silvana; Anello, Melina; Alcolea Ersinger, Victoria Florencia; Alvarez, Solange Vanesa; Frank, Eduardo Narciso; Vidal Rioja, Lidia A.; Di Rocco, Florencia Keratin-associated proteins (KAP)are one of the main structural components of hair fiber. Within this protein group, high glycine tyrosine (HGT)-KAP play a crucial role in the definition of their physical-mechanical properties. Polymorphisms in HGT genes have been associated with the variation of different wool traits in sheeps and goats. The Argentine llama is a fiber-producing animal which is valued by the textile industry. However, the genes encoding for fiber proteins have not yet been identified in this species. Here, we focus on studying the HGT-KRTAP7-1 and KRTAP8-1 genes and their variation using the High Resolution Melting (HRM)technique in a sample of 117 llamas. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)were detected in KRTAP7-1, two of which were non-synonymous substitutions leading to amino acid changes in the protein. Of the 5 polymorphisms identified in KRTAP8-1, c.1-5A > G was located in the Kozak sequence, known to regulate protein synthesis level. The other four, two SNPs and one double nucleotide polymorphism (DNP), were found in the coding region and produced three amino acid replacement: c.43 T > C and c.45C > A (p.Y15Q), c.46 G > T (p.G16W)and c.173 A > G (p.Y58C). In summary, most of the polymorphisms found in both KRTAP7-1 and KRTAP8-1 genes produce non-conservative amino acid changes involving tyrosine and glycine residues, which are essential to maintain HGT protein properties. Therefore, these mutations as well as the regulatory SNP here identified could modify the fiber characteristics. We discuss the possible impact of these polymorphisms on KAP7-1 and KAP8-1 structure and/or interaction with other fiber proteins.

Lipasas de especies Candida: Una revisión sobre aspectos bioquímicos, moleculares y patogénicos Castillo, Graciela del Valle; Azcurra, Ana Isabel; Sotomayor, Claudia Elena En el último medio siglo se produjo un aumento significativo en la incidencia de infecciones fúngicas siendo probable que se conviertan en una prioridad de salud global. El sofisticado grado de interacción hospedador-Candida es producto de diferentes estrategias de virulencia que utiliza el hongo para invadir los tejidos y de los diversos mecanismos de defensa que este último desarrolla para controlarlo. Existe bibliografía que indica que este hongo comensal oportunista posee componentes que pueden ser considerados factores de virulencia asociados a la etapa del proceso infeccioso. Dentro de los factores de virulencia de este hongo pueden mencionarse la adherencia a las superficies celulares, la formación de biofilms y la producción de enzimas hidrolíticas. Las hidrolasas secretadas por C. albicans más estudiadas son las aspartil proteinasas, las fosfolipasas y las esterasas, mientras que las lipasas han sido las menos exploradas. Estas enzimas tendrían como función facilitar la penetración activa en las células, participar en la digestión y síntesis de ésteres de lípidos para su nutrición y contribuir a la invasión del tejido al hidrolizar los componentes lipídicos de las membranas celulares del hospedador. También hay evidencia bibliográfica que indica que estas enzimas son capaces de dañar células y moléculas del sistema inmune para evitar la actividad antimicrobiana. Teniendo en cuenta lo precedente, esta revisión, proporciona una actualizada descripción de las características bioquímicas y moleculares de las lipasas secretadas por el hongo Candida, su rol como factor de virulencia y su potencial para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos antifúngicos.; In the last half century there was a significant increase in the incidence of fungal infections being likely to become a global health priority. The sophisticated degree of host-Candida interaction is the product of different virulence strategies used by the fungus to invade the tissues and the various defense mechanisms that it develops to control it. There is a significant amount of literature that indicates that this opportunistic commensal fungus has components that can be considered virulence factors related to the stage of the infectious process. Among the virulence factors of this fungus can be mentioned the adherence to cell surfaces, the formation of biofilms and the production of hydrolytic enzymes. The most studied hydrolases secreted by C. albicans are aspartyl proteinases, phospholipases and esterases, while lipases have been the least studied. These enzymes would have the function to facilitate active penetration into the cells, participating in the digestion and synthesis of lipid esters for their nutrition and contributing to the invasion of the tissue by hydrolyzing the lipid components of the host cell membranes. There is also bibliographic evidence that these enzymes are capable to damage cells and molecules of the immune system to avoid the antimicrobial activity.Taking into account the foregoing, this review provides an updated description of biochemical and molecular characteristics of the lipases secreted by Candida, its role as a virulence factor and its potential for the development of new antifungal drugs.

Wwox seletion in mouse B cells leads to genomic instability, neoplastic transformation, and monoclonal gammopathies McBride, Kevin M.; Kil, Hyunsuk; Mu, Yunxiang; Plummer, Joshua B.; Lee, Jaeho; Zelazowski, Maciej J.; Sebastian, Manu; Abba, Martín Carlos; Aldaz, Claudio Marcelo WWOX (WW domain containing oxidoreductase) expression loss is common in various cancers and characteristic of poor prognosis. Deletions, translocations, and loss of expression affecting the WWOX gene are a common feature of various B cell neoplasms such as certain B cell lymphomas and multiple myeloma. However, the role of this common abnormality in B cell tumor initiation and/or progression has not been defined. In this study, we conditionally deleted Wwox early in B cell development by means of breeding Cd19-Cre transgenic mice crossed to Wwox floxed mice (Cd19 Wwox KO). We observed a significant reduced survival in Cd19 Wwox KO mice and the development of B cell neoplasms including B cell lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasias characterized by increased numbers of CD138+ populations as well as monoclonal gammopathies detected by serum protein electrophoresis. To investigate whether Wwox loss could play a role in genomic instability, we analyzed DNA repair functions during immunoglobulin class switch joining between DNA segments in antibody genes. While class switch recombination (CSR) was only slightly impaired, Wwox deficiency resulted in a dramatic shift of double strand break (DSB) repair from normal classical-NHEJ toward the microhomology-mediated alternative-NHEJ pathway, a pathway associated with chromosome translocations and genome instability. Consistent with this, Wwox deficiency resulted in a marked increase of spontaneous translocations during CSR. This work defines for the first time a role for Wwox for maintaining B cell genome stability during a process that can promote neoplastic transformation and monoclonal gammopathies.

Osteohistological correlates of muscular attachment in terrestrial and freshwater Testudines Pereyra, Maria Eugenia; Bona, Paula; Cerda, Ignacio Alejandro; Desántolo, Bárbara Sharpey's fibers are considered the anatomical structures integrated to the muscles. Since these fibers leave marks at the microscopic level, their presence and distribution are used as evidence of muscle attachment in extinct and extant forms. In recent years, studies have been focusing on muscle–bone and tendon–bone interaction mostly on mammals. The main objective of this work is to contribute to the morphological and histological knowledge of muscle attachment in other amniotes, such as reptiles, and their variation related to different locomotor habits. In this way, a study was performed on terrestrial and aquatic turtles. The musculature related to the movement of the humerus, and pectoral girdle in Chelonoidis chilensis, Phrynops hilarii and Hydromedusa tectifera was analyzed. Dissections were performed mapping the origins and insertions of each muscle and undecalcified thin sections were performed in specific muscular attachment sites. We found some differences which were not previously reported, related to the insertion of the m. pectoralis, the m. coracobrachialis magnus and the origin of the m. tractor radii. The osteohistology revealed the presence of Sharpey's fibers in the cortex of all the bone elements analyzed. Patterns were established in relation to the orientation and density of Sharpey's fibers, which were used for the categorization of each muscle attachment site. The comparative micro-anatomical study of these areas did not reveal any important differences between terrestrial and freshwater turtles in muscles involved with the rotation, abduction and adduction of the humerus. In this way, the preliminary results suggest an absence of correlation between the distribution and density of Sharpey's fibers between different habitat forms, at least in the bones and species analyzed.

Neofavolus subpurpurascens comb. nov., with new records from the Neotropics Palacio, Melissa; Silveira, Rosa Mara Borges Da; Robledo, Gerardo Lucio Polyporus subpurpurascens is a rare Neotropical species characterized by deep purplish pilear surface and radially elongated pores. This study analyzed Neotropical specimens from Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil by applying detailed morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses. We conclude that P. subpurpurascens is a species of Neofavolus, and N. subpurpurascens is proposed as a new combination. New records from Argentina and Bolivia, a detailed description, and photographs of the species are included.

Innovación educativa y museos: Puentes entre teorías y prácticas Melgar, Maria Fernanda; Elisondo, Romina Cecilia; Busto, María Inés Presentamos un estudio cualitativo de percepciones de estudiantes de grado sobre experiencias durante la visita a un mu-seo de Psicología. La visita se enmarca en una unidad didáctica que tienen como propósito abordar temas referidos a la historia de la Psicometría. Los participantes fueron 80 estudiantes de Psicopedagogía y Educación Especial de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (Argentina). El estudio se realizó en el marco de un proyecto de investigación e innovación educativa. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron cuestionarios, entrevistas y cuadernos de viaje. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes perciben a los museos de psicología como espacios de comunicación, conservación e investigación

Ciudadanía e identidad política: Reflexiones desde la conflictividad social Truccone, Marilina del Valle El estudio acerca de la ciudadanía se ha constituido sobre los cimientos de vertientes teóricas que consideran a esta categoría, por un lado, como membrecía a una comunidad determinada y por el otro, como práctica deseable. De esta forma, ambos modos de pensamiento ?relacionados con el liberalismo y el republicanismo, respectivamente- suponen una visión un tanto prescriptiva acerca de la constitución de la ciudadanía y de los ciudadanos, sin hacer lugar a la problematización en torno a las condiciones de surgimiento de estos. En el presente trabajo se recuperan las nociones trabajadas por Chantal Mouffe al respecto de la ciudadanía. De este modo, hacemos central la consideración que la autora realiza al respecto del conflicto social como modo de superar la intención prescriptiva de estas corrientes teóricas mencionadas. A su vez, trabajamos en torno a la constitución de la ciudadanía como una identidad política; estipulando, por último, la importancia de volver a pensar la ciudadanía a partir de la discursividad de lo social, para eliminar todo fundamento que sostenga, de antemano, la intención de establecer una noción universal de ciudadanía.

Nuevos datos sobre el poblamiento inicial del bosque del centro-norte de Patagonia, Argentina; New data on the initial occupation in the north-central forest of Patagonia, Argentina Fernández, Pablo Marcelo; Carballido Calatayud, Mariana; Bellelli, Cristina Teresa; Tchilinguirian, Pablo; Leonardt, Sabrina; Fernández, Mercedes Grisel Tradicionalmente, el efecto combinado de la demografía y la productividad de los ambientes patagónicos ha sido invocado para explicar que el interior del bosque del centro-norte de la Patagonia argentina fue utilizado luego de la ocupación de espacios más favorables, con una antigüedad máxima de 3.500 años. El hallazgo de contextos del Holoceno temprano y medio en el sitio de Población Anticura situado en el bosque mixto permite reformular este escenario. El análisis sedimentario, de los procesos de formación y de la evidencia arqueológica recuperada indica, para estos momentos, la existencia de ocupaciones breves y con cierta redundancia a través del tiempo, con conjuntos artefactuales pequeños pero variados, una subsistencia basada en el huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) y el consumo ocasional de especies de menor tamaño corporal como alimento y como materia prima. La procedencia de algunos materiales sugiere que el uso temprano del interior del bosque estaría vinculado a redes de circulación amplias en el marco de una baja demografía, mientras que la naturaleza de las ocupaciones muestra un conocimiento del ambiente que señala que los contextos más antiguos de Población Anticura no reflejan la primera exploración del interior del bosque.; Traditionally, researchers have invoked the combined effects of demographic pressures and environmental productivity to explain why the inner forest of north-central Argentine Patagonia was occupied later than more favorable spaces, with a maximum age of 3500 cal years BP. The data from the Early and Middle Holocene occupation of Población Anticura, an archaeological site located in the mixed forest, allow us to reformulate this scenario. The analyses of sediments, taphonomy, site formation processes, and the archaeological evidence shows that hunter-gatherer occupations of the forest were short and temporally redundant, characterized by small but varied artifactual assemblages, a subsistence based on the huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus), and the occasional use of species with small body size for food and as raw material. The provenance of some materials suggests that the early excursions into the forest were linked to wide circulation networks in the context of low human demography. The nature of the occupations also shows a familiarity with the forest, suggesting that the oldest contexts of Población Anticura do not reflect the first stages of its exploration.

Factores clave en la implementación de políticas energéticas en Italia; Key factors in the implementation of energy policies in Italy Chevez, Pedro Joaquín; Ruggeri, Emilia; Martini, Irene; Discoli, Carlos Alberto Actualmente, la implementación de medidas de eficiencia energética (EE) y energías renovables (ER) se encuentra en la agenda política de numerosos países; sin embargo, el avance concreto y la implementación efectiva de dichas estrategias es aún muy dispar. Si bien existen países donde dichas tecnologías han recalado efectivamente en sus regímenes socio-técnicos; una gran mayoría aún no comenzó a enfrentar dicha transición de manera sistémica y, por consiguiente, deberán afrontar numerosos desafíos. En tal sentido, este trabajo presenta un análisis de la transición energética que se está desarrollando de forma sostenida en el sector residencial italiano desde mediados de la década del 2000 (2006- 2016) a los efectos de identificar, sistematizar y extraer factores clave del caso de estudio. A partir de éstos es posible discutir acerca de la implementación de políticas energéticas y generar insumos para otros casos de estudio que pretendan impulsar medidas estatales de mejoramiento energético.; Currently, the implementation of energy efficiency strategies (EES) and renewable energy sources (RES) is inside of the political agenda of many countries. However, the concrete progress in the effective implementation of these policies is still very different. On the one hand, there are specific cases of countries where the aforementioned technologies have been inserted effectively into their socio-technical regimes and the transition is ongoing. On the other hand, the vast majority of countries has not yet begun to face this process and, therefore, will have to face challenges and difficulties. In this regard, this paper presents an analysis of the energy transition that is developing steadily in the Italian residential sector from the mid-2000s (2006-2016). This analysis made it possible to identify, systematize and extract key factors from the case study; from which it is possible to discuss and generate inputs for other cases of study that intend to implement state policies for energy improvement.

Role of acystine-based Gemini surfactant ligand in the synthesis of catalytic active silver nanoparticles Molina Torres, María Andrea; Pachon Gomez, Erica Marcela; Fernández, Mariana Adela; Veglia, Alicia Viviana; Pacioni, Natalia Lorena We report the synthesis in water of colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using a Gemini lipoamino acid surfactant derived from cysteine as a capping agent. The Gemini surfactant interacts with the metal surface mainly in a monodentate vertical mode through the carboxylate group preserving intact the disulfide bond. These nanoparticles present catalytic activity to the reduction of p-nitrophenol, and the synthesis of AgNP under mild reduction conditions maintaining the seeds size. Also, the Gemini surfactant leads to anisotropic morphologies in the seed-mediated growth of AgNP@citrate seeds aided by the presence of bromide ions.

Mechanochemically synthesized pyrite and its electrochemical behavior as cathode for lithium batteries Primo, Emiliano Nicolás; Bracamonte, Maria Victoria; Luque, Guillermina Leticia; Bercoff, Paula Gabriela; Leiva, Ezequiel Pedro M.; Barraco Diaz, Daniel Eugenio This study presents a simple and scalable synthesis of pyrite (FeS2) starting from S and Fe powders, which involves high-energy ball milling of precursor powders followed by a thermal treatment. The formation of the desired product was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After the synthesis, spherical FeS2 nanoparticles of ~ 85 nm in size were obtained, with a highly crystalline face-centered cubic structure and no secondary phases. The synthesized material was tested as cathode material for lithium batteries. The cathodes delivered good electrochemical lithium storage properties, such as a reversible capacity as high as 470 mAh g−1 even after 120 cycles and a good rate capability. Furthermore, aspects regarding the reaction mechanism and common electrochemical features of Li/FeS2 batteries are discussed.

Inclusión educativa en la escuela secundaria: Una experiencia exitosa; Inclusion at the Secondary Level. A Successful Experience Garino, María Delfina En 2006 se estableció la obligatoriedad legal del nivel secundario completo en Argentina. Sin embargo, se visualizan problemas vinculados a la retención, así como al desarrollo de procesos educativos significativos para quienes aprenden. A partir de esto, desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, el artículo analiza la propuesta educativa de una escuela secundaria que ofrece formación para el trabajo y retoma la voz de sus egresados, con el objetivo de analizar la inclusión de los jóvenes a la escuela secundaria (en términos de retención) y en la escuela secundaria (en términos de desarrollo de procesos de aprendizajes significativos para los jóvenes). Entre los hallazgos, se visualiza la valoración del seguimiento personalizado y de la formación para el trabajo, como estrategias que posibilitaron la inclusión educativa.; Compulsory secondary school was stablished by law in Argentina in 2006. However, there are still problems that refer to drop off and to the development of meaningful learning processes for students. From a qualitative analysis perspective, this article analyzes the educational proposal of a secondary school with vocational training and takes up the voice of its graduates to analyze the inclusion of young people "to" secondary school (in terms of retention) and "in" secondary school (in terms of developing meaningful learning processes for students). Youngsters assessed work formation and personal containment as strategies that had enabled their educational inclusion.