Una aproximación a la apicultura en clave de género; An approach to beekeeping in a gender key Vázquez, Jimena Soledad; Vázquez, Javier Carlos La apicultura es una actividad con un valor sociocultural, económico y ecológico. En Argentina, el principal producto de la colmena es la miel. La investigación marco pretende la elaboración de un diagnóstico con perspectiva de género sobre la actividad. La complejidad del fenómeno demanda una triangulación de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Aquí presentamos los segundos, recabados a través de dos cuestionarios durante cinco meses de trabajo de campo realizado durante el año 2023. Entre los principales resultados podemos mencionar que la apicultura aparece como una actividad masculinizada, aunque hay una participación de mujeres predominantemente en tareas de producción y venta de productos. Es una actividad considerada como vocacional y familiar, manejada en general por dos personas y con bajos niveles de registro sobre la productividad. La mayoría de los/as productores/as no participa de cooperativas apícolas, ni posee salas de extracción de miel propias.; Beekeeping is an activity with sociocultural, economic and ecological value. In Argentina, the main product of the hive is honey. The framework research aims to develop a diagnosis with a gender perspective on the activity. The complexity of the phenomenon demands a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data. Here we present the latter, collected through two questionnaires during five months of field work carried out during the year 2023. Among the main results we can mention that beekeeping appears as a masculinized activity, although there is predominantly female participation in production tasks. and product sales. It is an activity considered vocational and family, generally managed by two people with low levels of productivity records. The majority of producers do not participate in beekeeping cooperatives, nor do they have their own honey extraction rooms.

Planet formation around intermediate-mass stars. I: different disc evolutionary pathways as a function of stellar mass Ronco, María Paula; Schreiber, Matthias R.; Villaver, E.; Guilera, Octavio Miguel; Miller Bertolami, Marcelo Miguel Context. The study of protoplanetary disc evolution and theories of planet formation has predominantly concentrated on solar- (andlow-) mass stars since they host the majority of confirmed exoplanets. Nevertheless, the confirmation of numerous planets orbitingstars more massive than the Sun (up to ∼3 M⊙) has sparked considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms involved in theirformation, and thus in the evolution of their hosting protoplanetary discs.Aims. We aim to improve our knowledge of the evolution of the gaseous component of protoplanetary discs around intermediate-massstars and to set the stage for future studies of planet formation around them.Methods. We study the long-term evolution of protoplanetary discs affected by viscous accretion and photoevaporation by X-ray andfar-ultraviolet (FUV) photons from the central star around stars in the range of 1–3 M⊙, considering the effects of stellar evolution andsolving the vertical structure equations of the disc. We explore the effect of different values of the viscosity parameter and the initialmass of the disc.Results. We find that the evolutionary pathway of protoplanetary disc dispersal due to photoevaporation depends on the stellar mass.Our simulations reveal four distinct evolutionary pathways for the gas component not reported before that are a consequence of stellarevolution and that likely have a substantial impact on the dust evolution, and thus on planet formation. As the stellar mass increasesfrom one solar mass to ∼1.5–2 M⊙, the evolution of the disc changes from the conventional inside-out clearing, in which X-ray photoevaporation generates inner holes, to a homogeneous disc evolution scenario where both inner and outer discs formed after a gap isopened by photoevaporation vanish over a similar timescale. As the stellar mass continues to increase, reaching ∼2–3 M⊙, we identifya distinct pathway that we refer to as revenant disc evolution. In this scenario, the inner and outer discs reconnect after the gap opened.For the largest masses, we observe outside-in disc dispersal, in which the outer disc dissipates first due to a stronger FUV photoevaporation rate. Revenant disc evolution stands out as it is capable of extending the disc lifespan. Otherwise, the disc dispersal timescaledecreases with increasing stellar mass except for low-viscosity discs

Uso de pantallas y su influencia en la cognición y los hitos del desarrollo motor de infantes mexicanos; Use of screens and their influence on cognition and motor development milestones in Mexican infants Robles Estrada, Erika; del Carpio Ovando, Perla S.; Gago Galvagno, Lucas Gustavo El uso de pantallas está presente a temprana edad. Aunque hay evidencia de los efectos negativos del uso de dispositivos digitales en el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños, su estudio aún es un área emergente en países como México. El objetivo de este artículo fue describir y asociar el uso de pantallas con el lenguaje y los hitos del desarrollo de infantes mexicanos. Participaron 91 cuidadores primarios de infantes entre 12 y 36 meses, de diferentes regiones de México (Medad = 24.14 meses, DE = 8.26, mujer = 39.56%, hombre = 60.44%). Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares, Historia Clínica, Cuestionario del Uso de Libros y Pantallas Digitales, Cuestionario de Hitos del Desarrollo e Inventario de Desarrollo Comunicativo II. Los resultados indican que los infantes usan pantallas digitales entre 3 y 4 horas por día. La televisión es la más utilizada, así como el tiempo de uso que se comparte con algún adulto. A medida que aumenta el número de horas frente a las pantallas, la densidad léxica y uso de oraciones es menor. A medida que aumenta el uso de pantallas en el hogar, la adquisición de los hitos del desarrollo motor y del lenguaje es más tardía. Además, cuanto más acompaña un adulto al infante durante el uso de pantallas, hay mayores puntajes en los reportes de densidad léxica y uso de oraciones. Por último, se encontraron modelos generales estadísticamente significativos entre las variables dependientes, que fueron la densidad léxica que explicó el 28.9% de la variabilidad y los hitos del desarrollo motor, explicando el 16.7%. Las variables independientes fueron edad del niño, tiempo de uso y uso compartido. Sin embargo, sólo el uso compartido de pantallas predijo una adquisiciónmás temprana de los hitos del desarrollo motor. Se concluye que el uso de pantallas contribuiría de forma negativa al desarrollo temprano, aunque si hay un adulto acompañando su uso podría generar contribuciones positivas, lo que refuerza los estudios previos y las recomendaciones de aminorar su uso en los primeros años de vida.; The use of screens is present at a young age, however, it is documented that it has negative effects on the cognitive development of infants, although its study is still an emerging area in countries like Mexico, in such a way that the objective of this article was to describe and associate the use of screens with language and developmental milestones of Mexican infants. 91 primary caregivers of infants between 12 and 36 months, from different regions of Mexico participated (Mage = 24.14 months, SD = 8.26, female = 39.56%, male = 60.44%). The instruments applied were the Permanent Household Survey, Clinical History, Questionnaire on the Use of Books and Digital Screens, Questionnaire of Development Milestones and Inventory of Communicative Development II. The results indicate that infants use digital screens between 3 and 4 hours per day, television is the most used, as well as the time of use that is shared with an adult. As the number of hours in front of the screens increases, the lexical density and use of sentences is lower. As the use of screens in the home increases, the acquisition of developmental motor and language milestones is later. When an adult accompanies the infant, there is a higher use of lexical density, and the use of sentences is greater. Finally, general statistically significant models were found between the dependent variables, which were lexical density, which explained 28.9% of the variability, and motor development milestones, explaining 16.7%. The independent variables were child’s age, time of use, and shared use. However, only screen sharing predicted earlier acquisition of motor developmental milestones. It is concluded that the use of screens would contribute negatively to early development, although if there is an adult accompanying their use it could generate positive contributions, which reinforces previous studies and the recommendations to reduce their use in the first years of life.

Acciones e imágenes sobre la pobreza urbana en Buenos Aires y Seattle; Actions and images on urban poverty in Buenos Aires and Seattle Canevaro, Santiago; Viotti, Nicolas; Elwood Faustino, Sarah En el presente artículo analizamos la construcción relacional de la clase media en relación con la pobreza a partir de un trabajo comparativo entre Seattle y Buenos Aires durante el período de recuperación relativa de la crisis socioeconómica de la primera década del milenio. Con la teoría de la pobreza relacional como eje conceptual, entendemos que se reproducen o se desafían subjetividades de clase mediante interacciones que atraviesan o confrontan los límites entre grupos sociales. Y, también, que las relaciones con la pobreza pueden producir lecturas alternativas de la formación de la clase media en Estados Unidos y Argentina.; In this article we analyze the relational construction of the middle class from a comparative study between Seattle and Buenos Aires during the period of relative recovery of the socioeconomic crisis. With the theory of relational poverty as a conceptual axis, we understand that class subjectivities are reproduced or challenged through interactions that cross or confront the boundaries between social groups. Our analysis reveals that poverty is a key point for the formation of middle-class groups in both countries and that poverty can produce alternative readings of the formation of the middle class in the United States and Argentina.

Múltiples caminos a la tesina; Multiple Paths to the Thesis Camou, Antonio; Benitez Larghi, Hector Sebastian; Pinedo, Jerónimo; Di Piero, María Emilia; González Canosa, Mora; Balerdi, Soledad; Busso, Mariana El presente artículo reúne parte de los intercambios que tuvieron lugar en agosto de 2023 en ocasión de la segunda edición de la “Jornadas de tesinas del Departamento de Sociología”, en donde docentes, graduades y estudiantes de la carrera reflexionaron sobre las características de la tesina y las distintas formas de realizarla. El conversatorio titulado “Múltiples caminos a la tesina” fue moderado por Antonio Camou y participaron en calidad de expositoras/es (en orden alfabético): Emilia Di Piero, Jerónimo Pinedo, Mariana Busso, Mora González Canosa, Rodolfo Iuliano, Sebastián Benítez Larghi y Soledad Balerdi.; This paper brings together part of the conversations maintained during August 2023 in the second “Jornada de tesinas del Departamento de Sociología”. The professionals of the Department reflected on the writing of the thesis. It was moderated by Antonio Camou and Emilia Di Piero, Jerónimo Pinedo, Mariana Busso, Mora González Canosa, Rodolfo Iuliano, Sebastián Benítez Larghi and Soledad Balerdi participated.

Greedy-like bases for sequences with gaps Berasategui, Miguel Hernán; Berná, Pablo M. In 2018, Oikhberg introduced and studied variants of the greedy and weak greedy algorithms for sequences with gaps, with a focus on the n-t-quasi-greedy property that is based on them. Building upon this foundation, our current work aims to further investigate these algorithms and bases while introducing new ideas for two primary purposes. First, we aim to prove that for  n with bounded quotient gaps, n-t-quasi-greedy bases are quasi-greedy bases. This generalization extends a previous result to the context of Markushevich bases and, also, completes the answer to a question by Oikhberg. The second objective is to extend certain approximation properties of the greedy algorithm to the context of sequences with gaps and study if there is a relationship between this new extension and the usual convergence.

Concomitant Therapy of Inactivated Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 with Fluoroquinolones in a Salmonella Enteritidis Murine Sepsis Model Schofs, Laureano; Sparo, Mónica Delfina; García Allende, Natalia; de Yaniz, María Guadalupe; Confalonieri, Alejandra; Sanchez Bruni, Sergio Fabian AbstractOptimization of existing antimicrobial therapies is a strategy proposed for extending antimicrobial activity and delaying resistance development. This study aimed to assess the effect of inactivated E. faecalis CECT7121 (I-EFCECT7121) in a combined therapy with Enrofloxacin or Ciprofloxacin in a S. Enteritidis murine sepsis model. Firstly, dose titration studies were performed to set up: (a) Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) Lethal dose 99 (LD99) and (b) safety of I-EFCECT7121 (c) I-EFCECT7121 dosage scheme. Then, I-EFCECT7121 in combined therapy with 4 doses (5 mg/kg) per 12 h of CFX and EFX in an LD99 BALB/c infection, were evaluated. Survival rate was monitored for 20 days in order to estimate the treatment success. The efficacy of both drugs was improved by combining them with the inactivated bacteria. However, only a significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed after I-EFCECT7121 and CFX combined treatment (40% of survival rate). By contrast, each drug alone achieved a 10% of survival rate. These outcomes showed a potential therapeutic synergism when I-EFCECT7121 was concomitantly given with ciprofloxacin.

Thermal limits along tropical elevational gradients: Poison frog tadpoles show plasticity but maintain divergence across elevation Paez Vacas, Monica Isabel; Funk, W. Chris Temperature is arguably one of the most critical environmental factors impacting organisms at molecular, organismal, and ecological levels. Temperature variation across elevation may cause divergent selection in physiological critical thermal limits (CTMAX and CTMIN). Generally, high elevation populations are predicted to withstand lower environmental temperatures than low elevation populations. Organisms can also exhibit phenotypic plasticity when temperature varies, although theory and empirical evidence suggest that tropical ectotherms have relatively limited ability to acclimate. To study the effect of temperature variation along elevational transects on thermal limits, we measured CTMAX and CTMIN of 934 tadpoles of a poison frog species, Epipedobates anthonyi, along two elevational gradients (200–1700 m asl) in southwestern Ecuador to investigate their thermal tolerance across elevation. We also tested if tadpoles could plastically shift their critical thermal limits in response to exposure to different temperatures representing the range of temperatures they experience in nature (20 °C, 24 °C, and 28 °C). Overall, we found that CTMAX did not change across elevation. In contrast, CTMIN was lower at higher elevations, suggesting that elevational variation in temperature influences this thermal trait. Moreover, all populations shifted their CTMAX and CTMIN according to treatment temperatures, demonstrating an acclimation response. Overall, trends in CTMIN among high, mid, and low elevation populations were maintained despite plastic responses to treatment temperature. These results demonstrate that, for tadpoles of E. anthonyi across tropical elevational gradients, temperature acts as a selective force for CTMIN, even when populations show acclimation abilities in both, CTMAX and CTMIN. Our findings advance our understanding on how environmental variation affects organisms’ evolutionary trajectories and their abilities to persist in a changing climate in a tropical biodiversity hotspot.

Semiclosed multivalued projections Arias, Maria Laura; Contino, Maximiliano; Maestripieri, Alejandra Laura; Marcantognini Palacios, Stefania Alma María A multivalued projection is an idempotent linear relation with invariant domain. We characterize multivalued projections that are operator ranges (called semiclosed) and provide several formulae of them. Moreover, we study the decomposability and continuity of multivalued projections, and describe nilpotent relations.

Primer registro de Promops centralis (Chiroptera, Molossidae) en Misiones, Argentina, a través de métodos acústicos; First records of Promops centralis (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Misiones, Argentina, thought by acoustic methods Olmedo, María Luz; González Noschese, Camila Sofía; Díaz, María Mónica Se reporta el primer registro de Promops centralis para la provincia de Misiones (Argentina) a partir de métodos bioacústicos, sumando la tercera provincia y dos nuevas ecorregiones a su distribución. Entre octubre del 2021 y octubre del 2022, se realizaron relevamientos acústicos en diferentes localidades en Misiones, utilizando un Echo Meter Touch y un Song Meter Mini Bat, y se obtuvieron ocho registros, el análisis de las llamadas evidenciaron las características típicas de las de P. centralis. Estos registros extienden la distribución de P. centralis aproximadamente 320 km hacia el este en Argentina, contribuyendo a llenar los huecos de información existentes para esta especie en el país.; We report the first record of Promops centralis from Misiones province (Argentina) with acoustic methods, adding the third province and two new ecoregions to its distribution. Between October 2021 and October 2022, acoustic surveys were conducted using an Echo Meter Touch and a Song Meter Mini Bat, eight records were obtained; the analysis of the calls revealed the typical characteristics of those of P. centralis. These records extend the distribution of P. centralis approximately 320 km eastward in Argentina, filling the information gaps on this species in the country.

Genome analysis of three isolates of Stemphylium lycopersici differ in their virulence and sporulation ability: Identification of effectors, pathogenesis and virulence factors Medina, Rocio; Franco, Mario Emilio Ernesto; Bartel, Laura Cecilia; Lucentini, Cesar Gustavo; López Diaz, Silvina M. Y.; Saparrat, Mario Carlos Nazareno; Balatti, Pedro A. Tomato grey leaf spot is a fungal disease that provokes losses in tomato yield. The aimof this work is to analyse genomic differences among three isolates of Stemphylium lycopersici that differ in virulence and sporulation. The bioinformatics analysis led us topredict the identity of putative effectors, pathogenesis and virulence factors. Like thegenome of other necrotrophic pathogens, Stemphylium encodes a wide spectrum ofeffectors, including an ample and diverse array of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes.Interestingly, the number of predicted effectors was unrelated to virulence. Low virulence appeared to be associated with the presence of several double-stranded RNAsfrom viruses as well as cellular processes related to protein degradation, redox anddetoxifying processes and monoterpenes production. This is the first identificationof the potential effectors of tomato–S. lycopersici interaction; nonetheless functionalstudies should be done.

The Fort of “San Simón De La Ramada” (Tucumán, 17th-18th Centuries): Documentary Base for its Archaeological Study Caria, Mario Alejandro The importance of the study of the forts or forts lies inthe fact of being able to understand the role they played in thedifferent war conflicts throughout time and space in the currentArgentine territory. As we know, the border line made up of fortsand reductions, together with the military tactics of attack anddefense, led the colonizing communities to a successful end in thewars they faced, with the indigenous people being harmed. Thissituation would be repeated throughout the Spanish conquest inour territory.

The pharyngeal taste organ of a blood-feeding insect functions in food recognition Ortega Insaurralde, Isabel; Latorre Estivalis, Jose Manuel; Costa da Silva, Andre Luis; Cano, Agustina; Insausti, Teresita C.; Salas Morales, Héctor Luis; Barcelos Pontes, Gina; Berón de Astrada, Martín; Ons, Sheila; DeGennaro, Matthew; Barrozo, Romina Background Obligate blood-feeding insects obtain the nutrients and water necessary to ensure survival from the vertebrate blood. The internal taste sensilla, situated in the pharynx, evaluate the suitability of the ingested food. Here, through multiple approaches, we characterized the pharyngeal organ (PO) of the hematophagous kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus to determine its role in food assessment. The PO, located antero-dorsally in the pharynx, comprises eight taste sensilla that become bathed with the incoming blood. Results We showed that these taste sensilla house gustatory receptor neurons projecting their axons through the labral nerves to reach the subesophageal zone in the brain. We found that these neurons are electrically activated by relevant appetitive and aversive gustatory stimuli such as NaCl, ATP, and caffeine. Using RNA-Seq, we examined the expression of sensory-related gene families in the PO. We identified gustatory receptors, ionotropic receptors, transient receptor potential channels, pickpocket channels, opsins, takeouts, neuropeptide precursors, neuropeptide receptors, and biogenic amine receptors. RNA interference assays demonstrated that the salt-related pickpocket channel Rproppk014276 is required during feeding of an appetitive solution of NaCl and ATP. Conclusions We provide evidence of the role of the pharyngeal organ in food evaluation. This work shows a comprehensive characterization of a pharyngeal taste organ in a hematophagous insect.

Evolutionary model and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the La Codera archaeological complex (Ebro Basin, NE Spain) Sampietro Vattuone, Maria Marta; Peña Monné, José Luis; Montón Broto, Félix J.; Rodanés Vicente, José María; Alcolea Gracia, Marta; Seguí Barrio, Sofía La Codera archaeological site is one of the most important settlements from the 1st Iron Age in the Ebro valley, dated between ca. 800 795 and ca. 460 cal. BC. The archaeological area also includes other later settlements. We analyzed the geomorphological context of the area by conducting a geoarchaeological survey and sampling. We also completed the evolutionary framework of the settlement, including paleoenvironmental information. Four slope stages (S1–S4) were identified, some of them related to fluvial terraces. Stages S4 and S3 are two old residual slopes dated to the Pleistocene, without evidence of human occupation. Older features related to human occupations are charcoals dated to Chalcolithic times from T2 terraces of La Codera stream. Slope S2 contains archaeological remains from the 1st Iron and Bronze Ages. Therefore, La Codera and its slopes were occupied during the Bronze Age, before Iron Age settlements. Slope S2 formation corresponds to the stable environmental stage known as the Iron Age Cold Epoch, or 2.8 Bond Event, also identified in many areas of the Ebro Depression. This period was followed by an erosive stage after the Roman Epoch (possibly during the 1.4 Bond Event). Later, a new slope (S1) formed, together with a new terrace (T1). This slope includes walls and ceramics from Iberian, Roman, and Medieval times toward the northeast of the settlement. These features make it possible to infer that this last accumulation formed during the cold stages of the LIA.

Programa Federal Equipar Ciencia (2022-2023): ¿Una novedad institucional para la desconcentración territorial de la inversión pública?; Equipar Ciencia Federal Program (2022-2023): An institutional novelty for the territorial deconcentration of public investment?; Programa Federal Equipar Ciência (2022-2023): Uma novidade institucional para a desconcentração territorial do investimento público? Niembro, Andrés Alberto La federalización de la ciencia y la tecnología en Argentina ha ganado impulso con la sanción de la ley 27.614/2021 y la instrumentación, desde 2022, de un programa presupuestario ministerial para tal fin. Este artículo busca evaluar el impacto territorial del Equipar Ciencia, uno de los instrumentos asociados a dicho financiamiento. Para ello, se analizan datos provinciales de las tres principales rondas de adjudicación (junio de 2022-junio de 2023) y se discuten los resultados a la luz de declaraciones de funcionarios y aspectos técnicos de este y otros instrumentos de la política científica. La distribución provincial del Equipar se condice con una lógica de discriminación positiva, atendiendo a las desigualdades de origen y favoreciendo la aprobación de buena parte de las solicitudes de provincias de menor desarrollo relativo, lo contrario a lo que ocurre con los proyectos científicos de la Agencia I+D+i o el ingreso de investigadores al CONICET. Esta disociación no permite una política consistente de desconcentración territorial de la inversión pública. Entre las diversas inercias institucionales, los fondos de federalización y el Equipar continúan siendo gestionados de forma centralizada.; The federalisation of science and technology in Argentina has gained momentum with the enactment of Law 27.614/2021 and the implementation, since 2022, of a ministerial budgetary program for this purpose. This article seeks to assess the territorial impact of Equipar Ciencia, one of the instruments associated with this funding. For this purpose, we analyse provincial data from the three main phases of allocation (June 2022-June 2023) and discuss the results in light of official statements and technical aspects of this and other science policy instruments. The provincial distribution of Equipar is consistent with a logic of positive discrimination, taking into account inequalities of origin and favouring the approval of a significant part of applications from less developed provinces, as opposed to what happens with scientific projects of the I+D+i Agency or the entry of researchers to CONICET. This dissociation does not facilitate a coherent policy of territorial deconcentration of public investment. Among the different institutional resistances, the federalisation funds and Equipar continue to be managed in a centralised manner.; A federalização da ciência e a tecnologia na Argentina ganhou impulso com a sanção da Lei 27.614/2021 e a implementação, desde 2022, de um programa orçamentário ministerial para esse fim. Este artigo procura avaliar o impacto territorial do Equipar Ciência, um dos instrumentos associados ao referido financiamento. Para isso, são analisados os dados provinciais das três principais rondas de repasse (junho 2022-junho 2023) e são discutidos os resultados a luz de declarações de agentes públicos bem como aspectos técnicos deste e outros instrumentos da política científica. A distribuição provincial do Equipar enquadra-se numa lógica de discriminação positiva, tendo em conta as desigualdades de origem e favorecendo a aprovação de boa parte dos pedidos de províncias de menor desenvolvimento relativo, ao contrário do que acontece com os projetos científicos da Agência I+D+i ou o ingresso de pesquisadores no CONICET. Esta dissociação não permite uma política consistente de desconcentração territorial do investimento público. Entre as diversas inércias institucionais, os fundos de federalização e o Equipar continuam a ser geridos de forma centralizada.

Diálogo epistemológico: Reflexiones sobre la historia de la ciencia y las teorías del conocimiento Chousal Lizama, Paloma América En el marco de la Cátedra Epistemología de las Ciencias Sociales1 de la Carrera de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan se invitó a la docente: Lic. Alicia Russo -anterior titular de la cátedra- a dar una Clase Abierta sobre ciencia y teorías del conocimiento. La actividad realizada en primavera de 2022, fue promovida por la actual profesora titular: Lic. Sandra Lambiase y la docente Adjunta: Lic. Paloma Chousal Lizama. Por medio de un lenguaje ameno, producto del diálogo entre la docente invitada y estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, el documento de cátedra plantea un recorrido amplio partiendo de los elementos de la cultura griega hasta los planteos epistemológicos transdisciplinares contemporáneos. A partir de lo que se entiende por epistemología y la discusión acerca de la deinición de ciencia, se señalan las concepciones que las distintas escuelas de pensamiento ponen en tensión. Se identiican diferentes momentos de la historia del conocimiento con la intención de aclarar y profundizar la necesaria contextualización de las discusiones epistemológicas en sus continuidades y discontinuidades. Para este propósito, se incorpora una aclaración cronológica (años de nacimiento y fallecimiento de cada autor), para facilitar el ordenamiento temporal de las ideas presentadas.

New records of Histiotus montanus and Neoeptesicus ulapesensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Argentina González Noschese, Camila Sofía; Rodriguez de la Fuente, Melanie; Tomasco, Ivanna Haydee; Sánchez, Rocío Tatiana; Díaz, María Mónica New records are provided for two species of bat from Argentina belonging to the family Vespertilionidae, Histiotus montanus and the recently described Neoeptesicus ulapesensis. These data extend the range of both species incorporating them into two new provinces. One record comes from the revision of a specimen deposited in the Colección Mamíferos Lillo for more than six decades, highlighting the importance of biological collections for studying the systematics and distribution of species.

Mechanisms of adaptation and evolution in Toxoplasma gondii Ángel, Sergio Oscar; Vanagas, Laura; Alonso, Andrés Mariano Toxoplasma has high host flexibility, infecting all nucleated cells of mammals and birds. This implies that duringits infective process the parasite must constantly adapt to different environmental situations, which in turn leadsto modifications in its metabolism, regulation of gene transcription, translation of mRNAs and stage specificfactors. There are conserved pathways that support these adaptations, which we aim to elucidate in this review.We begin by exploring the widespread epigenetic mechanisms and transcription regulators, continue with thesupportive role of Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp), the translation regulation, stress granules, and finish with theemergence of contingency genes in highly variable genomic domains, such as subtelomeres. Within epigenetics,the discovery of a new histone variant of the H2B family (H2B.Z), contributing to T. gondii virulence and differentiation, but also gene expression regulation and its association with the metabolic state of the parasite, ishighlighted. Associated with the regulation of gene expression are transcription factors (TFs). An overview of themain findings on TF and development is presented. We also emphasize the role of Hsp90 and Tgj1 in T. gondiimetabolic fitness and the regulation of protein translation. Translation regulation is also highlighted as amechanism for adaptation to conditions encountered by the parasite as well as stress granules containing mRNAand proteins generated in the extracellular tachyzoite. Another important aspect in evolution and adaptabilityare the subtelomeres because of their high variability and gene duplication rate. Toxoplasma possess multigenefamilies of membrane proteins and contingency genes that are associated with different metabolic stresses.Among them parasite differentiation and environmental stresses stand out, including those that lead tachyzoiteto bradyzoite conversion. Finally, we are interested in positioning protozoa as valuable evolution models,focusing on research related to the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, based on models recently generated, such asextracellular adaptation and ex vivo cyst recrudescence.

Un grupo de escritura virtual doctoral: Factores que influyen en su funcionamiento según los participantes; An online doctoral writing group: Factors that influence its functioning according to its participants Espeche, María Paula; Colombo, Laura Marina; Rodas Brosam, Elisabeth L. Una de las principales razones por las que no se culminan los estudios de posgrado es la dificultad para escribir la tesis. Esta problemática se acentúa aún más cuando los estudiantes cuentan con limitadas oportunidades de intercambios con compañeros y docentes de sus programas de posgrado hacia el final de sus estudios. Una práctica pedagógica que ha demostrado ser significativa para el avance de este tipo de escrito es la revisión conjunta de textos en grupos de escritura virtuales. Este artículo analiza los factores que, según sus participantes, influyeron en el desarrollo de un grupo de escritura virtual conformado por tres doctorandas de diferentes universidades argentinas que ha funcionado por más de un año. Para ello se llevó a cabo un análisis temático de datos provenientes de entrevistas grupales e individuales, intercambios vía correo electrónico y documentos relacionados con cuestiones organizativas del grupo. En línea con trabajos anteriores, nuestros resultados muestran que la utilidad de los grupos de escritura percibida por sus participantes depende de tres tipos de factores que interactúan entre sí: logísticos, cognitivos e interpersonales. A pesar del alcance limitado de nuestro aporte, consideramos que este trabajo contribuye con datos empíricos que pueden informar futuras iniciativas institucionales orientadas a apoyar el desarrollo de la escritura de la tesis a nivel de posgrado.; One of the reasons why doctoral studies are not completed is the difficulty in writing the dissertation. This problem is further accentuated when students have limited exchange opportunities with peers and professors from their postgraduate programs towards the end of their studies. A pedagogical practice that has proven to be significant to advance this type of writing is the joint revision of texts in virtual writing groups. This article analyzes the factors that influenced the development of a virtual writing group composed of three doctoral students from different Argentinian universities that have been meeting for over a year. For this purpose, a thematic analysis of data from group and individual interviews, exchanges via email, and documents related to the group’s organizational issues was carried out. In line with previous work, our results show that, according to the participants, a writing group’s usefulness depends on three interconnected types of factors: logistical, cognitive, and interpersonal. Despite the narrow scope of our study, it contributes with empirical data that can inform future institutional initiatives created to support the development of thesis writing at the postgraduate level.

Degradation of atrazine, glyphosate, and 2,4-D in soils collected from two contrasting crop rotations in Southwest Chaco, Argentina Luzzi, Johana Ines; Aparicio, Virginia Carolina; de Gerónimo, Eduardo; Ledda, Alejandra Rosa; Sauer, Mariana Verónica; Costa, Jose Luis Argentina stands as one of the leading consumers of herbicides. In a laboratory incubation experiment, the persistence and production of degradation metabolites of Atrazine, 2,4-D, and Glyphosate were investigated in a loamy clay soil under two contrasting agricultural practices: continuous soybean cultivation (T1) and intensified rotations with grasses and legumes (T2). The soils were collected from a long-term no-till trial replicating the influence of the meteorological conditions in the productive region. The soil was enriched with diluted concentrations of 6.71, 9.95, and 24 mg a.i./kg-1 of soil for the respective herbicides, equivalent to annual doses commonly used in the productive region. Samples were taken at intervals of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32, and 64 days, and analysis was conducted using high-resolution liquid chromatography UPLC MS/MS. An optimal fit to the first-order kinetic model was observed for each herbicide in both rotations, resulting in relatively short half-lives. Intensified crop sequences favored the production of biotic degradation metabolites. The impact of the high frequency of soybean cultivation revealed a trend of soil acidification and a reduced biological contribution to attenuation processes in soil contamination.