Mapeo de la jerarquización de noticias sobre ciencia en los diarios generalistas de la Argentina (2015) Spina, Guillermo Damián; Díaz, Cecilia Beatriz El presente artículo aborda la jerarquización noticiosa de la comunicación pública de la ciencia en los diarios generalistas de la Argentina a partir del análisis de contenido sobre una muestra de semana construida de variables vinculadas a las características de espacio, ubicación y modos de presentar información sobre ciencia en sus páginas. De ese modo, se exponen resultados que tienen como fin conformar un mapeo de situación de la cobertura periodística sobre este tópico en los diarios de producción local de mayor distribución en las distintas regiones del territorio nacional. Esto implica explorar y determinar regularidades y particularidades en el volumen y despliegue informativo.Al respecto, se sostiene como hipótesis que a nivel nacional predomina el paradigma que propugna la comprensión pública de la ciencia en tanto se sostiene la presencia de contenidos científicos, aunque la visibilización es modesta. Mientras que, en cada región, prima una mirada utilitaria sobre la ciencia en torno a la exposición de sus resultados de acuerdo a los intereses económicos regionales.

Factores desencadenantes, estructura y función del síntoma fóbico en la infancia: análisis de dos casos clínicos paradigmáticos; Fatores desencadeadores, estrutura e função do sintoma fóbico na infância: análise clínica de dois casos paradigmáticos; Triggering factor, structure and function of the phobic symptom in childhood: clinical analysis of two paradigmatic cases; Les facteurs de déclenchement, structure et fonction du symptôme phobique dans l’enfance: analyse clinique de deux cas paradigmatiques; Trigger, Struktur und Funktion der phobische Symptome in der Kindheit: klinische Analyse von zwei paradigmatische Fälle; 儿童恐惧症的触发，结构和功能：两个典型病例的临床分析 de Battista, Julieta Laura; Varela, Jesica Veronica; Dinamarca, Mariana El objetivo del artículo es analizar dos casos de presentaciones fóbicas en la infancia: Juanito (Freud, 1909) y Sandy (Shnurmann, 1949) de acuerdo a un método clínico. Pudo establecerse que los factores desencadenantes diferían. En el primero se acentúa la carencia paterna y en el segundo la carencia materna. La estructura del síntoma difiere también: es metafórica en el primer caso y metonímica en el segundo. La función del síntoma concierne en ambos casos a la suplencia de la función carente.; O objetivo do artigo é analisar dois casos de fobias em crianças, de acordo com um método clínico: Juanito (Freud, 1909) e Sandy (Shnurmann, 1949). Os fatores desencadeadores são diferentes. Conceitualmente, no primeiro caso, é acentuada a falta paterna e, no segundo, a falta materna. A estrutura do sintoma também difere: é metafórica no primeiro caso, e, no segundo, metonímica. Em ambos os casos a função do sintoma concerne à suplência daquilo que falta.; The aim of the article is to analyze two cases of phobias in children: Juanito (Freud, 1909) and Sandy (Shnurmann, 1949) according to the clinical method. Triggering factor differ. Conceptually in the first case it is the accentuated lack of the paternal function and, in the second case, maternal deprivation. The symptom structure also differs: it is metaphorical, in the first case, and metonymic in the second. In both cases, it concerns the substitution of the lacking function.; Le but de l’article est d’analyser deux cas de phobies chez les enfants: Juanito (Freud, 1909) et Sandy (Shnurmann, 1949) selon une méthode clinique. Les facteurs de déclenchement sont diffèrent dans les deux exemples. Conceptuellement dans le premier cas est accentué le manque paternel et dans le second cas le manque maternelle. La structure du symptôme diffère aussi: est métaphorique dans le premier cas et métonymique dans le second. La fonction du symptôme dans les deux cas concerne la suppléance de la fonction en défaut.; Ziel des Artikels ist es, zwei Fälle von Phobien bei Kindern zu analysieren: Juanito (Freud, 1909) und Sandy (Shnurmann, 1949) nach einer klinischen Verfahren. Trigger abweichen. Konzeptionell im ersten Fall ist es Mangel väterlichen und im zweiten Fall die mütterliche Deprivation akzentuiert. Symptom-Struktur unterscheidet sich auch: ist metaphorisch im ersten Fall und dem zweiten metonymische. Funktion in beiden Fällen bezieht sich die Substitution der fehlenden Funktion.; 本文的目的是临床分析法来研究兩个典型的儿童恐惧症病例，一个患者名叫璜尼托(医生是弗洛伊德，1909)，另一个名叫桑迪 (医生是史努曼Shnurmann， 1949)。触发病情发作的因素各不相同。从概念上讲，在第一种病例里，触发病情的是父爱的缺失，在第二种病例里，触发病情的是母爱的被剥夺。症狀结构也有所不同：在第一種病例中,病人用比喻的方式对缺失的父爱进行替代,在第二種病例中病人用象征的方式对被剥夺的母爱进行替代。在這兩病例里，患者都对缺失的父爱或者母爱做了替代。

Liberación Nacional y Tercer Mundo: la óptica de Roberto Carri en Antropología 3er. Mundo (1968-1973) Martín, Lucio Emmanuel El objetivo del trabajo es realizar un análisis de algunos aspectos en los que se ve reflejada la cuestión de la liberación nacional de los países del Tercer Mundo en los escritos que el sociólogo argentino Roberto Carri publicó en la revista Antropología 3er. Mundo editada entre 1968 y 1973. Las variables a partir de las cuales se problematiza este asunto son dos temáticas fundamentales para Carri: la contraposición entre conocimiento formal y conocimiento popular, y el debate entre una estrategia emancipadora basada en el nacionalismo de masas y otra sustentada en un partido clasista obrero.; The aim of this article is to analyze some aspects in which the question of national liberation of Third World countries is reflected in the works that the Argentine sociologist Roberto Carri published in the journal Antropología 3er. Mundo, edited from 1968 to 1973. Two of Carrie’s fundamental themes are the variables for our analysis: the contrast between formal knowledge and popular knowledge, and the debate between an emancipation strategy based on mass nationalism and another srategy based on a working-class party.

People with MS should consume a low-salt diet - YES Farez, Mauricio Franco; Correale, Jorge

Density and activity patterns of pumas in hunted and non-hunted areas in central Argentina Zanón Martínez, Juan Ignacio; Kelly, Marcella J.; Mesa Cruz, J. Bernardo; Sarasola, José Hernán; DeHart, Clark; Travaini, Alejandro Context: Hunting has demographic effects on large and medium carnivores, causingpopulation reductions and even extinctions worldwide. Effective conservation plans require information on carnivore demography and spatial/temporal land use patterns.Aims: We estimated densities and determined activity patterns of pumas (Puma concolor) from camera-trapping surveys in a protected area and in a game reserve with sport hunting, in the Caldén forest of central Argentina. Methods: We used both nonspatial and spatial mark-resight techniques to estimate and compare puma densities and we used Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) techniques to analyze and compare puma activity patterns between study sites.Key results: Puma densities from spatial models were lower than densities estimated from non-spatial mark-resight techniques. Density of pumas in the protected area however, always was higher (range = 4.9 to 9.32 per 100km2) than in the game reserve (range = 0.52 to 1.98 per 100km2) regardless of estimation technique used. Trapping rates for large mammal prey were similar across sites. Pumas exhibited more nocturnal behavior and high activity peaks at 6 am and 11 pm in the hunted game reserve, while puma activity was spread more evenly around the clock in the protected area.Conclusions: The high puma densities in the protected area reflect the potential for such areas to function as refugia in a human-dominated landscape. The game reserve, however, had low puma density despite high trap rates of large prey, indicating these areas may function as attractive sinks.Implications: We provide the first density estimates and activity pattern data for pumas in the Caldén forest. This information holds immediate conservation value, but we urge more research to determine whether sport hunting is compatible with puma conservation in the region.

Investigación traslacional en medicina; Translational research in medicine Rey, Rodolfo Alberto Medicina Traslacional: ¿qué significa? La palabra “traslacional” es un neologismo que no figura en el diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia. Es un anglicismo, originado en la palabra “translation”, que significa “traducción”. Deberíamos entonces decir “Medicina Traduccional”. Pero, aun así, ¿a qué nos referimos? La Medicina Traslacional o Traduccional es una definición emergente para referirse a la disciplina que aplica al campo de la medicina los principios de la investigación traslacional o traduccional, o sea la traducción en aplicaciones concretas de los descubrimientos realizados como consecuencia de la investigación de teorías o hipótesis científicas.

Conformal field theories from deformations of theories with Wn symmetry Babaro, Juan Pablo; Giribet, Gaston Enrique; Ranjbar, Arash We construct a set of nonrational conformal field theories that consist of deformations of Toda field theory for sl(n). In addition to preserving conformal invariance, the theories may still exhibit a remnant infinite-dimensional affine symmetry. The case n=3 is used to illustrate this phenomenon, together with further deformations that yield enhanced Kac-Moody symmetry algebras. For generic n we compute N-point correlation functions on the Riemann sphere and show that these can be expressed in terms of sl(n) Toda field theory ((N-2)n+2)-point correlation functions.

Computational predictions on the interactions of parabens with a dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer and the human serum albumin protein Masone, Diego Fernando; Félix Rubio Dalmau Parabens are esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid extensively used as preservatives in cosmetics and pharmaceutics. In the recent years their safe use has been questioned, mainly due to their estrogenic activity, their concentration in breast cancer tissues and their endocrine disrupting consequences on the reproductive system. In this study, the interaction of five forms of paraben ligands (namely methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and heptyl) with a model dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer and the human serum albumin transport protein, was assessed using extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Free energy profiles for the insertion of each ligand into the lipid bilayer were computed along an appropriate reaction coordinate. Protein-ligand interactions were evaluated through a combination of an efficient sampling of the protein-ligand hydrogen bond network and the full system side chains, together with an all-atom force field. Simulation results show that among the paraben ligands studied, methyl, propyl and butyl parabens penetrate more easily the bilayer and show higher binding affinity to human serum albumin in terms of their hydrogen bonding network, supporting the experimental hypotheses of their potential risk to human health.

Chromatin architecture: A new dimension in the dynamic control of gene expression Ramirez Prado, Juan Sebatian; Rodriguez Granados, Natalia Yaneth; Ariel, Federico Damian; Raynaud, Cecile; Benhamed, Moussa As the most recent evidence of eukaryotic cell complexity, genome architecturehas astounded the scientific community and prompted a variety of technical andcognitive challenges. Several technologies have emerged and evidenced theintegration of chromatin packaging and topology, epigenetic processes, andtranscription for the pertinent regulation of gene expression. In the presentaddendum we present and discuss some of our recent research, directedtowards the holistic comprehension of the processes by which plants respond toenvironmental and developmental stimuli. We propose that the study of genometopology and genomic interactions is essential for the understanding of themolecular mechanisms behind a phenotype. Even though our knowledge andunderstanding of genome architecture and hierarchy has improved substantiallyin the last few years -in Arabidopsis and other eukaryotes -, there is still a long way ahead in this relatively new field of study. For this, it is necessary to take advantage of the high resolution of the emerging available techniques, and perform integrative approaches with which it will be possible to depict the role of chromatin architecture in the regulation of transcription and ultimately, physiological processes.

Filosofía, política e ideología en América Latina; Philosophy, politics and ideology in Latin America de Gainza, Mariana Cecilia A lo largo de los últimos años, una cantidad de conocidos nombres de la filosofía contemporánea han comparecido en nuestra escena latinoamericana, involucrándose con las urgencias de la interpretación coyuntural. Esas tentativas de lectura de una actualidad involucran tanto los intereses teóricos de la filosofía, como los problemas que enfrenta la práctica emancipatoria y las confrontaciones ideológicas en contextos de fuerte polarización. Aquí analizamos ese tipo de entrecruzamientos, prestando atención a ciertas perspectivas, como la de García Linera o Balibar, que insisten en no abandonar el concepto, al mismo tiempo que se comprometen con determinadas batallas políticas e ideológicas.; In the last years, a number of famous names of contemporary philosophy have reported in our Latin American scene, getting involved with urgencies of interpreting the critical juncture. These attempts reading the actuality involve no just theoretical interests of philosophy, but practical problems of emancipatory politics and ideological confrontations in contexts of high polarization. In this article, we analyze such crossovers, focusing on certain perspectives, such as García Linera or Balibar, that insist on not abandon the conceptual work, while they commit to specific political and ideological struggles.

El gimnasio, el crossfit y el running aportan pistas para pensar un nuevo modo de individuación Rodríguez, Alejandro Damián El campo de los estudios sociales del deporte se ha constituido, en las últimas décadas en nuestro país, en un espacio prolífico para la producción de literatura especializada. La producción socioantropológica del deporte se ha concentrado en estudiar al fenómeno desde dos perspectivas opuestas y fundadas en el terreno: la primera colocando el foco en los espectadores (Alabarces, 2006; Garriga Zucal, 2007; Moreira, 2008), la segunda decididamente concentrada en sus practicantes, ya sean deportistas profesionales o amateurs (Branz, 2016; Hang, 2014, Moreira, 2011). El fútbol, la natación, el boxeo, el rugby, el polo y el automovilismo, entre otras manifestaciones deportivas que podríamos denominar tradicionales, han sido objeto privilegiado de los cientistas sociales que se dedicaron a pensar el fenómeno.Sin embargo, las últimas décadas del siglo XX nos ha alumbrado una novedad que tiene plena vigencia también en la actualidad-: la aparición de un conjunto de técnicas corporales que de manera muy difícil, salvo a costa de volver muy elástica la categoría aglutinadora de deporte, podrían ser clasificadas como tales. Me refiero específicamente a la aparición y/o masificación de: a) el entrenamiento mecánico y rutinario del gimnasio, b) las técnicas corporales que mixturan gimnasia y danza denominadas de fitness grupal, c) el entrenamiento militarizado del crossfit y d) el running, disciplina hermanada al deporte atletismo pero que se ha ampliado para un público que excede notoriamente a los atletas federados en esa competencia o que lo practican de modo recreativo. La aparición y/o la masificación de este conjunto de técnicas corporales plantean un desafío para el campo de los estudios sociales del deporte. ¿Cómo se procesa dentro suyo un conjunto de prácticas que evita la competencia, característica central y excluyente de toda disciplina deportiva, o que, en otros términos, remplaza la competencia individual y/o grupal frente a otras personas o equipos por una donde el elemento central para comprenderla es la competencia que el entrenado en estas técnicas emprende contra sí mismo? La hipótesis que propongo es que para comprender la aparición y/o masificación de este conjunto de prácticas es necesario prestar atención a un nuevo modo de individuación que corre en paralelo. Algunos autores lo han denominado el individuo pragmático.

Shotgun Metagenomic Profiles Have a High Capacity To Discriminate Samples of Activated Sludge According to Wastewater Type Ibarbalz, Federico Matias; Orellana, Esteban; Figuerola, Eva Lucia Margarita; Erijman, Leonardo This study was conducted to investigate whether functions encoded in the metagenome could improve our ability to understand the link between microbial community structure and function in activated sludge. By analyzing data sets from six industrial and six municipal wastewater treatment plants covering different configurations, operational conditions and geographic regions, we found that wastewater influent composition was an overriding factor shaping the metagenomic composition of activated sludge. Community GC-content profiles were conserved within treatment plants on a time scale of years, and between treatment plants sharing similar influent wastewater. Interestingly, GC-content of represented phyla covary with the average GC-content of the corresponding WWTP metagenome. This suggests that the factors influencing nucleotide composition act similarly across taxa, and therefore that the variation in nucleotide content is driven by environmental differences between WWTPs. While taxonomic and functional richness were correlated, shotgun metagenomics complemented taxon-based analyses in the task of classifying microbial communities involved in wastewater treatment systems. The observed taxonomic dissimilarity between full-scale wastewater treatment plants receiving influent with varied composition, as well as the inferred taxonomic and functional assignment of recovered genomes from each metagenome, were consistent with underlying differences in the abundance of distinctive sets of functional categories. These conclusions were robust with respect to plant configuration, operational and environmental conditions and even to differences in laboratory protocols.

First description of the male of the spider Tibellus paraguensis Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Philodromidae), with new distribution records Achitte Schmutzler, Helga Cecilia; Rubio, Gonzalo Daniel The genus Tibellus Simon, 1875 currently includes 51 species (WSC 2016); it presents some taxonomic difficulties, due to morphological variability, and similarities among some congeners (Efimik 1999). Studies on the genus were undertaken by Gertsch (1933) and Schick (1965) from America, Tikader (1980) from India, Van den Berg & Dippenaar-Schoeman (1994) from the Afrotropical region, and Efimik (1999) from the East Palearctic region. From the Neotropical region six species of Tibellus are known, of which five are represented only by females: T. affinis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 (juvenile), T. chilensis Mello Leitão, 1943, T. insularis Gertsch, 1933, T. paraguensis Simon, 1897 and T. spinosus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1941; and only one, T. duttoni (Hentz, 1847), is known from both sexes (WSC 2016). This demonstrates the incomplete knowledge of a region where new species still can be expected. From Argentina two species are known, T. spinosus and T. paraguensis (CAA 2016). In this paper, the male of T. paraguensis is described for the first time and further illustrations of the female are provided with new geographic records for this species, including the first record from Bolivia.

Electrochemical Oxidation of the Antiretroviral Drug Nelfinavir on Modified Screen-printed Electrodes Asturias Arribas, Laura; Delfino, Mario Raul; Alonso Lomillo, María Asunción; Domínguez Renedo, Olga; Arcos Martínez, Maria Julia This paper describes the voltammetric study of the electrochemical oxidation of the antiretroviral drug Nelfinavir using a screen-printed sensor modified with carbon nanotubes. The performance of the sensor in the determination of the drug was characterized in terms of precision (RSD 5.05 %, n=5) and capability of detection (10.99±0.87 μM for α=β=0.05, n=5) under optimized voltammetric conditions of pH, accumulation time and potential, in the calibration range from 10 to 150 μM of NFV. In order to check the viability of the device, the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical and biological samples was carried out and its performance was also validated comparing it with HPLC.

The sharp maximal function approach to L p estimates for operators structured on Hörmander’s vector fields Bramanti, Marco; Toschi, Marisa We consider a nonvariational degenerate elliptic operator of the kind Lu ≡ Xq i,j=1 aij (x)XiXju where X1, ..., Xq are a system of left invariant, 1-homogeneous, Hörmander’s vector fields on a Carnot group in R n , the matrix {aij} is symmetric, uniformly positive on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R n and the coefficients satisfy aij ∈ V MOloc (Ω) ∩ L ∞ (Ω). We give a new proof of the interior W2,p X estimates kXiXjukLp(Ω0) + kXiukLp(Ω0) ≤ c n kLukLp(Ω) + kukLp(Ω)o for i, j = 1, 2, ..., q, u ∈ W2,p X (Ω), Ω 0 b Ω and p ∈ (1, ∞), first proved by Bramanti-Brandolini in [3], extending to this context Krylov’ technique, introduced in [15], consisting in estimating the sharp maximal function of XiXju.

Crecimiento, desorción térmica y daño por bombardeo iónico en films de C60depositados sobre Cu(111); Growth, thermal desorption and ion bombardment damage inC60films deposited on Cu(111) Vidal, Ricardo Alberto; Bonetto, Fernando Jose; Quintero Riascos, Vanessa Alexandra; Bonin, Claudio Julio; Ferron, Julio En el presente trabajo caracterizamos el crecimiento y desorción térmica de C60 sobre Cu(111) por medio de espectroscopia de electrones Auger (AES) y difracción de electrones de baja energía (LEED). Las películas de C60 fueron crecidas sobre el sustrato por sublimación de C60 desde una celda de Knudsen a 350°C, dentro de una cámara de ultra alto vacío (~10-9Torr). También,determinamos las condiciones de medición de espectros de dispersión de iones lentos (LEIS), estimando el daño por irradiación producido por las dosis típicas utilizadas en estos experimentos (~1014 iones/cm2). Para analizar el daño por bombardeo iónico (H+, He+ y Ar+, con energías de incidencia de 2, 4 y 8 keV) de las películas de C60 se siguió la evolución temporal del plasmón característico de los enlaces p de los átomos de Carbono que conforman la molécula de C60, mediante espectroscopia de pérdidade energía de electrones (EELS). Además, se tomaron espectros Auger antes y después del bombardeo para caracterizar y cuantificar el daño producido.El presente estudio muestra que: el crecimiento de C60 sobre Cu(111) es capa tras capa; la desorción de la primera monocapa es diferente a las demás, quedando solo una monocapa cuando es calentado a 500°C; y solo se detectódaño por irradiación, para las dosis relevantes, cuando la muestra fue bombardeada con Ar+; Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) were used to characterize the growth and thermal desorption of C60 on Cu(111). C60 films were grown by sublimation from a Knudsen cell at 350°C, placed in an ultra-high vacuum chamber (UHV) (~10-9Torr). We estimated the best conditions to obtain low energy ion scattered spectra (LEIS) by measuring the irradiation damage produced by typical doses used in theseexperiments (~1014iones/cm2 ). In order to analyze the potential damage of the sample by ion bombardment (2 , 4 and 8 keV H+ , He+ and Ar+ ), we monitored the evolution of the characteristicplasmon due to π-bonds of the C60 molecule C atoms by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS). In addition, Auger spectra (AES) were taken before and after irradiation to characterize and quantify the damage. Our study shows that: C60 growths on Cu(111) layer by layer; the desorption of the first monolayer is different to the desorption of the other layers, remaining the first monolayer even when the substrate is heated up to 500°C and; damage by ion bombardment, at the used dose, was only detected when the sample was under Ar+ irradiation

P35 and P22 Toxoplasma gondii antigens abbreviate regions to diagnose acquired toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: toward single-sample assays Costa, Juan Gabriel; Peretti, Leandro Ezequiel; Garcia, Valeria Soledad; Peverengo, Luz; Gonzalez, Veronica Doris Guadalupe; Gugliotta, Luis Marcelino; Dalla Fontana, María; Lagier, Claudia Marina; Marcipar, Ivan Sergio Background: P35 and P22 Toxoplasma gondii proteins are recognized by specific IgG at the early infection stage, making them ideal for acute toxoplasmosis pregnancy control. Both proteins have been studied to discriminate between acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. However, results were hardly comparable because different protein obtainment procedures led to different antigens, the referencepanels used were not optimally typified, and avidity tests were either not performed or narrowly examined. Methods: We bioinformatically predicted P35 andP22 regions with the highest density of epitopes, and expressed them in pET32/BL21DE3 alternative expression system, obtaining the soluble proteins rP35a and rP22a. We assessed their diagnostic performance using pregnant woman serum samples typified as: not infected, NI (IgG−, IgM−), typical-chronic, TC (IgM−, IgG+), presumably acute, A (IgG+, IgM+, low-avidity IgG), and recentlychronic, RC (IgG+, IgM+, high-avidity IgG).

Changes in Species Richness and Composition of Tiger Moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) among Three Neotropical Ecoregions Beccacece, Hernán Mario; Zeballos, Sebastián Rodolfo; Zapata, Adriana Inés Paraná, Yungas and Chaco Serrano ecoregions are among the most species-richterrestrial habitats at higher latitude. However, the information for tiger moths, one of the most speciose group of moths, is unknown in these ecoregion. In this study, we assess the species richness and composition on these three ecoregion. Also we investigated whether tiger moths species composition is influenced by climatic factors and altitude. Tiger moths species were obtained with samples from 71 sites using standardized protocols (21 sites were in Yungas, 19 in Paraná and 31 in Chaco Serrano). Rarefaction-extrapolation curves, non-parametric estimators for incidence and sample coverage indices were performed to assess species richness in the ecoregions studied. Non metric multidimensional scaling and adonis test were performed to compare the species composition of tiger moths among ecoregions. Permutest analysis and Pearson correlation were used to evaluate the relationship among species composition and annual mean temperature, annual temperature range, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality and altitude. Among ecoregions Paraná was the richest with 125 species, followed by Yungas with 63 species and Chaco Serrano with 24 species. Species composition differed among these ecoregions, although Yungas and Chaco Serrano were more similar than Paraná. Species composition was significantly influenced by climatic factors and altitude. This study showed that species richness and species composition of tiger moths differed among the three ecoregions assessed. Furthermore, not only climatic factors and altitude influence the species composition of tiger moths among ecoregions, but also climatic seasonality at higher latitude in Neotropical South America region becomes an important factor.

Bee, hummingbird or mixed pollinated Salvia species mirror pathways to pollination optimization: a morphometric analysis based on the Pareto front concept Strelin, Marina Micaela; Sazatornil, Federico David; Benitez-Vieyra, Santiago Miguel; Ordano, Mariano Andrés Optimization of flower phenotypes to ensure pollination by agents differing in their match with fertile flower structures can involve fitness trade-offs if the aspects of the phenotype that enhance the fitness contribution of one pollinator are detrimental for pollination by the other agents. If these trade-offs are substantial, flower optimization for specialized pollination is expected. However, optimization for generalized pollination may also take place in trade-off scenarios, as long as the joint contribution of two or more types of pollinators to global pollination fitness is greater than each individual contribution. We use an observational approach to evaluate the role of pollination fitness trade-offs in flower trait optimization, a matter seldom addressed because of the difficulties in conducting experiments. A pattern searching tool based on the Pareto front concept, borrowed from the fields of economics and engineering, was used to test for fitness trade-off patterns in the flower shape of four Salvia (Lamiaceae) species. Two are pollinated exclusively either by bees or by hummingbirds; the remaining present mixed pollination systems, with varying contributions of bee and hummingbird pollination. The patterning of flower shape in this study suggests a bee-hummingbird pollination trade-off in Salvia and the optimization of generalized flower shapes.

Terpenes: Natural Products for Controlling Insects of Importance to Human Health?A Structure-Activity Relationship Study Dambolena, José Sebastián; Zunino, María Paula; Herrera, Jimena María; Pizzolitto, Romina Paola; Areco, Vanessa Andrea; Zygadlo, Julio Alberto Many insects affect food production and human health, and in an attempt to control these insects the use of synthetic insecticideshas become widespread. However, this has resulted in the development of resistance in these organisms, human diseases,contamination of food, and pollution of the environment. Plants natural products and essential oil components such as terpenesand phenylpropenes have been shown to have a significant potential for insect control. However, the molecular properties relatedto their insecticidal activity are not well understood. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the toxicity ofterpene compounds against three insects of importance to human health: lice, cockroaches, and Triatominae bugs and to evaluatewhich molecular descriptors are important in the bioactivity of terpenes. For the insects studied, quantitative structure-activityrelationship (QSAR) studies were performed in order to predict the insecticidal activity of terpene compounds. The obtainedQSAR models indicated that the activity of these compounds depends on their ability to reach the targets and to interact withthem.The QSAR analysis can be used to predict the bioactivities of other structurally related molecules. Our findings may providean important contribution in the search for new compounds with insecticidal activity.