Effectiveness of Mexican oregano essential oil from the Dominican Republic (Lippia graveolens) against maize pests (Sitophilus zeamais and Fusarium verticillioides); Efectividad del aceite esencial de orégano mexicano de República Dominicana (Lippia graveolens) contra plagas del maíz (Sitophilus zeamais y Fusarium verticillioides) Peschiutta, María Laura; Arena, Julieta Soledad; Ramirez Sanchez, A.; Gomez Torres, E.; Pizzolitto, Romina Paola; Merlo, Carolina; Zunino, María Paula; Omarini, Alejandra Beatriz; Dambolena, José Sebastián; Zygadlo, Julio Alberto The insecticidal and antifungal properties of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) essential oil from the Dominican Republic were investigated under laboratory conditions against two main pests of stored grains: Sitophilus zeamais and Fusarium verticillioides. Although oregano essential oil at 600 μl/l air did not result in a significant mortality of S. zeamais after 24 hours of exposure by fumigation, this essential oil was a powerful acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor in vitro. One of the main components of oregano essential oil, p-cymene, presented fumigant toxicity and AChE inhibition activity against the maize weevil. The L. graveolens essential oil antifungal activity against F. verticillioides was evaluated at 50, 100 and 200 µl/l, and it was found that growth parameters were affected by the presence of oregano essential oil in the media, whereas FB1 production was not inhibited. The results demonstrate that oregano essential oil and p-cymene can be used as alternatives to synthetic pesticides against F. verticillioides and S. zeamais, respectively.; Se estudiaron en condiciones de laboratorio las propiedades insecticidas y fungicidas del aceite esencial de orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens) de República Dominicana contra dos plagas principales de granos almacenados: Sitophilus zeamais y Fusarium verticillioides. Aunque el aceite esencial de orégano a 600 μl/l de aire no resultó en una mortalidad significativa de S. zeamais después de 24 horas de exposición a la fumigación, fue un potente inhibidor de la acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) in vitro. El p-cimeno, uno de los principales componentes del aceite esencial, presentó actividad fumigante y de inhibición de la AChE contra el gorgojo del maíz. Además se evaluó la actividad antifúngica frente a F. verticillioides a 50, 100 y 200 µl/l y se encontró que los parámetros de crecimiento del hongo fueron afectados por la presencia del aceite esencial de orégano en el medio, mientras que la producción de fumonisina B1 (FB1) no se inhibió. Los resultados demuestran que el aceite esencial de orégano y el p-cimeno se pueden usar como alternativas a los pesticidas sintéticos contra F. verticillioides y S. zeamais, respectivamente.

Bioprospecting for native microalgae as an alternative source of sugars for the production of bioethanol Sánchez Rizza, Lara; Sanz Smachetti, María Eugenia; Do Nascimento, Mauro; Salerno, Graciela Lidia; Curatti, Leonardo While the production of biofuels holds potential to contribute to energy security, concerns on food prices, land use, and carbon emissions have arisen from increased production of first-generation bioethanol. While second-generation bioethanol from lignocellulosic agricultural waste faces difficult-to-overcome technological barriers, renewed promise is held in microalgae biomass as an alternative feedstock. In this work we show the results of bioprospecting for microalgae native of South America for accumulation of carbohydrates under conditions of nitrogen deficiency, and constant light and temperature. After a preliminary analysis of seventeen strains, we selected strain SP2-3, because its biomass could be enriched in carbohydrates over 70% (w/w) on a dry biomass basis, and Desmodesmus sp. strain FG for its fermentable sugars productivity. After optimization of microalgae culture conditions, biomass hydrolysis and fermentation with baker´s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrated ethanol yields of up to 0.24 g ethanol·g of biomass− 1, and an ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth of 24 g ethanol·L of fermentation broth− 1, for up to 87.4% of the maximum theoretical value. These results contribute to support the potential of microalgae biomass as an alternative feedstock for bioethanol and the value of bioprospecting programs to identified candidate strains among natural biodiversity.

La arquitectura escolar de Martorell, Bohigas y Mackay: El modelo concentrado como oportunidad educativa Durá Gúrpide, Isabel María En un momento de importante reformulación del edificio escolar, los arquitectos Martorell, Bohigas y Mackay definieron un modelo escolar de gran riqueza espacial, con una gran capacidad didáctica y especial énfasis social. Esto fue facilitado por su amplio conocimiento de experiencias destacadas, la colaboración con expertos en la enseñanza y su carácter crítico e inconformista. Sus escuelas fueron unos de los ejemplos más destacados realizados en los años 60 en España y consiguieron un importante reconocimiento internacional. El estudio de estos edificios permite no sólo poner en relieve su valor patrimonial sino también recuperarlos como referencia en la actualidad.

Una escuela pública de vanguardia: La escuela Timbaler del Bruc de Oriol Bohigas y Josep Martorell (Barcelona, 1957); An innovative public school: Timbaler del Bruc School by Oriol Bohigas and Josep Martorell (Barcelona, 1957) Durá Gúrpide, Isabel María En un momento de intensa actividad en la reformulación de los espacios educativos, la escuela Timbaler del Bruc de Oriol Bohigas y Josep Martorell incorporó avances en arquitectura escolar de acuerdo a las nuevas necesidades pedagógicas y destacó como una obra ejemplar. Esta investigación sitúa la obra en su contexto, analiza en detalle el edificio a partir de su documentación original y el redibujado de sus planos e identifica sus principales valores. Si bien el proyecto partió de patrones establecidos, añadió aportaciones particulares que contribuyeron al desarrollo de la tipología escolar y se convirtió en una referencia para proyectos posteriores, tanto de sus autores como de otros profesionales. Este artículo no sólo se dirige a investigadores de la historia de la arquitectura sino también al conjunto de los arquitectos por la vigencia del valor de la obra como proyecto arquitectónico.

De políticas y subjetividades: nuevas estrategias de intervención en dispositivos de inclusión socio-educativa y laboral para jóvenes en argentina (2008-2016); Policies and subjectivities: new strategies of intervention in devices including socio-educational and labor for youth in argentina (2008-2016) Ferraris, Sabrina Alejandra; Roberti, María Eugenia; Burgos, Edgardo Alejandro; Pozzer Pianalto, José Antonio El trabajo se propone aportar a los estudios que complejizan el análisis de las transiciones entre educación y trabajo. Así, se analizan dispositivos de inclusión socio-educativo y laboral que pretenden intervenir en la subjetividad de las personas que participan de ellos, en pos de mejorar las oportunidades de inclusión socio-laboral. Se presentan dos casos, con particularidades propias: el Programa Jóvenes con Más y Mejor Trabajo y un Centro de Formación Profesional, ambos radicados en dos municipios del conurbano bonaerense de la Argentina. Los casos se abordan desde una doble mirada: la institucional a través de la normativa que los regula y las voces de sus gestores, y el discurso de los propios sujetos participantes.; The paper aims to contribute to studies that complicate the analysis of transitions between education and work. Thus, are analyzed devices including socio-educational and job seeking to intervene in the subjectivity of people who participate in them, after improving opportunities for socio-labor inclusion. Two cases are presented, with particular features: The Youth Program for More and Better Jobs and a Vocational Training Center, both based in two municipalities of Argentina. The cases are approached from a double perspective: institutional through the regulations governing them and the voices of their managers, and the speech of participants subjects themselves.

Socioeconomic correlations and stratification in social-communication networks Leo, Yannick; Fleury, Eric; Alvarez Hamelin, Jose Ignacio; Sarraute, Carlos; Karsai, Márton The uneven distribution of wealth and individual economic capacities are among the main forces, which shape modern societies and arguably bias the emerging social structures. However, the study of correlations between the social network and economic status of individuals is difficult due to the lack of large-scale multimodal data disclosing both the social ties and economic indicators of the same population. Here, we close this gap through the analysis of coupled datasets recording the mobile phone communications and bank transaction history of one million anonymized individuals living in a Latin American country. We show that wealth and debt are unevenly distributed among people in agreement with the Pareto principle; the observed social structure is strongly stratified, with people being better connected to others of their own socioeconomic class rather than to others of different classes; the social network appears to have assortative socioeconomic correlations and tightly connected ‘rich clubs’; and that individuals from the same class live closer to each other but commute further if they are wealthier. These results are based on a representative, society-large population, and empirically demonstrate some long-lasting hypotheses on socioeconomic correlations, which potentially lay behind social segregation, and induce differences in human mobility.

On the regularity of human mobility Mucelli Rezende Oliveira, Eduardo; Carneiro Viana, Aline; Sarraute, Carlos; Brea, Jorge Nicolás; Alvarez Hamelin, Jose Ignacio Understanding human mobility patterns is crucial to fields such as urban mobility and mobile network planning. For this purpose, we make use of large-scale datasets recording individuals spatio-temporal locations, from eight major world cities: Beijing, Tokyo, New York, Paris, San Francisco, London, Moscow and Mexico City. Our contributions are two-fold: first, we show significant similarities in people’s mobility habits regardless of the city and nature of the dataset. Second, we unveil three persistent traits present in an individual’s urban mobility: repetitiveness, preference for shortest-paths, and confinement. These characteristics uncover people’s tendency to revisit few favorite venues using the shortest-path available.

Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei and Microquasars Romero, Gustavo Esteban; Boettcher, Markus; Markoff, Sera; Tavecchio, Fabrizio Collimated outflows (jets) appear to be a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with the accretion of material onto a compact object. Despite this ubiquity, many fundamental physics aspects of jets are still poorly understood and constrained. These include the mechanism of launching and accelerating jets, the connection between these processes and the nature of the accretion flow, and the role of magnetic fields; the physics responsible for the collimation of jets over tens of thousands to even millions of gravitational radii of the central accreting object; the matter content of jets; the location of the region(s) accelerating particles to TeV (possibly even PeV and EeV) energies (as evidenced by (Formula presented.)-ray emission observed from many jet sources) and the physical processes responsible for this particle acceleration; the radiative processes giving rise to the observed multi-wavelength emission; and the topology of magnetic fields and their role in the jet collimation and particle acceleration processes. This chapter reviews the main knowns and unknowns in our current understanding of relativistic jets, in the context of the main model ingredients for Galactic and extragalactic jet sources. It discusses aspects specific to active Galactic nuclei (especially blazars) and microquasars, and then presents a comparative discussion of similarities and differences between them.

Inhomogeneous diffusion and ergodicity breaking induced by global memory effects Budini, Adrian Adolfo We introduce a class of discrete random walk model driven by global memory effects. At any time the right-left transitions depend on the whole previoushistory of the walker, being defined by an urn-like memory mechanism. The characteristic function is calculated in an exact way, which allows us todemonstrate that the ensemble of realizations is ballistic. Asymptoticallyeach realization is equivalent to that of a biased Markovian diffusion process with transition rates that strongly differs from one trajectory to another. Using this "inhomogeneous diffusion" feature the ergodic properties of the dynamics are analytically studied through the time-averaged moments. Even in the long time regime they remain random objects. While their average over realizations recover the corresponding ensemble averages, departure between time and ensemble averages is explicitly shown through their probability densities. For the density of the second time-averaged moment an ergodic limit and the limit of infinite lag times do not commutate. All these effects are induced by the memory effects. A generalized Einstein fluctuation-dissipation relation is also obtained for the time-averaged moments.

El Panteón de la Patagonia de Domingo Pronsato: arte público, relato histórico y producción en la ocupación del espacio (Bahía Blanca, Argentina, (1968/1970); The Panteón de la Patagonia by Domingo Pronsato: public art, historical narrative and production in the ocuppation of space (Bahía Blanca, Argentina, 1968/1970) López Pascual, Juliana En este trabajo nos proponemos reconstruir el proyecto celebratorio del “Panteón de la Patagonia”, elaborado desde Bahía Blanca (Argentina) por el artista y gestor cultural Domingo Pronsato (1881-1971) a fines de los años ’60. A partir del análisis de sus escritos y de las características formales de la propuesta artística, procuramos dar cuenta de la convergencia en ella de las opciones ideológicas de su autor, así como de los intereses geopolíticos y económicos de la burguesía local sobre los territorios del sur del país, del clima de época militarista y represivo que les daba contexto y de las formas en las que el relato histórico constituyó un recurso de legitimación de las decisiones sobre el espacio y lo público. Buscaremos, entonces, problematizar el programa estético y arquitectónico a la luz de las variables económicas, sociales y políticas que atravesaron su concepción y le otorgaron sentidos excedentes a la dimensión artística.; In this paper we intend to reconstruct the celebratory project “Panteón de la Patagonia” proposed in Bahia Blanca (Argentina) by the artist and cultural broker Domingo Pronsato (1881-1971) in the late ‘60s. Based on the analysis of his writings and the formal characteristics of the artistic proposal, we try to account for the convergence of his ideological choices, as well as the geopolitical and economic interests of the local bourgeoisie over the southern territories of the country, the militaristic and repressive climate that gave it context and the ways in which the historical narrative constituted a resource for legitimizing decisions regarding space and public sphere. We will seek, then, to problematize this aesthetic and architectural program in light of the economic, social and political variables that crossed its conception and gave it meanings that exceed the artistic dimension.; En aquest treball ens proposem reconstruir el Projecte celebratori del “Panteó de la Patagònia”, elaborat des de Bahia Blanca (Argentina) per l’artista i gestor cultural, Domingo Pronsato (1881-1971) a les acaballes dels anys ‘60. A partir de l’anàlisi dels seus escrits i de les característiques formals de la proposta artística, procurem donar compte de la convergència a la via dels opcions ideològiques del seu autor, així com dels interessos geopolítics i econòmics de la burgesia local sobre els territoris del sud del país, del clima d’època militarista i repressiu que els donava i de les formes en les que el relat històric va constituir un recurs de legitimació de les decisions sobre l’espai públic. Buscarem, llavors, problematitzar el programa estètic i arquitectònic a la llum de les variables Econòmiques, Socials i Polítiques que van travessar la seva concepció i li van atorgar sentits excedents a la dimensió artística.; Dans cet article, on propose de reconstruire le projet commémoratif «Panteón de la Patagonia” préparé à Bahia Blanca (Argentine) par l’artiste et opérateur culturel Domingo Pronsato (1881-1971) a la fin des années 60. De l’analyse de ses écrits et des caractéristiques formelles de la proposition artistique, on essaye de exposer qu’y convergent des choix idéologiques de son auteur, ainsi que des intérêts géopolitiques et économiques de la bourgeoisie locale sur les territoires du sud le pays, le climat de l’ère militariste et répressive qui leur a donné le contexte et la manière dont le récit historique constituait une ressource de légitimation de décisions à propos de l’espace et de ce qui est public. On cherche donc de remettre en question le programme esthétique et architecturale à la lumière des variables économiques, sociales et politiques qui ont traversé sa conception et lui ont donné des sens excédentes de la dimension artistique.

Duplex PCR for the diagnosis of Brucella melitensis and its differentiation from the REV-1 vaccine strain Alvarez, Lucía Paula; Marcellino, R. B.; Martinez, A.; Robles, C. A. Caprine brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Brucella melitensis, whose main symptoms are abortion in females and orchitis in males. Vaccination by mistake of pregnant goats with the REV-1 vaccine may cause abortions. The aim of this study was to develop a duplex PCR that could identify and differentiate the DNA of B. melitensis field strains from that of the REV-1 vaccine strain. The results showed that the duplex PCR performed on DNA isolated from infected tissues is very convenient as it significantly shortens the time of detection of the etiological agent, yields a reliable result and has an acceptable cost.

Rendimiento de los alumnos bajo el modelo de aprendizaje basado en problemas: El caso de los alumnos de la carrera de Medicina en la Universidad Nacional del Sur; Student performance on the problem-based learning model: For students of the Medicine at the Universidad Nacional del Sur Arnaudo, María Florencia; Ibañez Martín, María María; Morresi, Silvia Susana La problemática del abandono temprano de los estudios así como la prolongación de la carrera más allá de la duración teórica preocupan y ocupan a los actores involucrados en la prestación de servicios educativos de nivel superior. Si bien la deserción admite una multiplicidad de factores causales, en la literatura sobre el tema los motivos del abandono suelen agruparse en causas externas a las instituciones que hacen al bagaje personal de cada estudiante y causas inherentes a la organización y gestión de las instituciones. La finalidad de esta ponencia será indagar acerca del desempeño de los alumnos de la carrera de Medicina en la Universidad Nacional del Sur, que se dicta bajo la modalidad de enseñanza aprendizaje basada en problemas, para compararlo con el comportamiento de los alumnos que cursan otras carreras que se dictan en la institución identificando las variables determinantes de las diferencias o semejanzas que se presenten.; The problem of early school leaving and prolonging the career beyond the theoretical duration concerned and occupied the actors involved in the provision of educational services level. While desertion supports a multiplicity of causal factors, literature abandonment motives are usually grouped into two groups: the personal background of each student and, on the other hand, causes inherent in the organization and management of institutions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the performance of students in the career of Medicine at the National University of South, which is issued in the form of learning based on problems, to compare it with the behavior of students taking other careers, identifying the variables that determine the differences or similarities that arise.

Método Híbrido paralelo de reducción de incertidumbre aplicado a la predicción del comportamiento de incendios forestales Méndez, Miguel Ángel; Bianchini, German; Caymes Scutari, Paola Guadalupe; Tardivo, María Laura Año a año, los incendios forestales consumen aproximadamente dos millones de hectáreas de forestación alrededor del mundo, causando enormes pérdidas y daños. Con el objetivo de reducir los efectos provocados por éstos, continuamente se desarrollan estrategias y herramientas para la prevención, monitoreo y/o predicción de incendios. Los sistemas de predicción suelen verse afectados por la incertidumbre presente en los parámetros de entrada del modelo de comportamiento de fuego. Ante esta problemática, los métodos de reducción de incertidumbre permiten contrarrestar dichos efectos mejorando la calidad de predicción por medio de diferentes técnicas y estrategias. El Sistema Estadístico Evolutivo con Modelo de Islas (ESS-IM) es un método general de reducción de incertidumbre que ha sido aplicado satisfactoriamente en la predicción del comportamiento de incendios forestales. ESS-IM utiliza Computación de Alto Rendimiento, Análisis Estadístico y Algoritmos Evolutivos Paralelos como metaheurística interna. En este trabajo se presenta una nueva arquitectura de ESS-IM donde se utilizan múltiples metaheurísticas operando en paralelo, bajo un esquema híbrido de paralelismo basado en los paradigmas "master-worker" y "modelo de islas". La nueva arquitectura es validada mediante la aplicación del método a un conjunto de quemas reales controladas, evaluando tanto calidad de predicción como rendimiento.

Organization and information in Simondon’s theory of individuation Rodriguez, Pablo Esteban; Blanco, Javier This article explores the notions of organization and information in Gilbert Simondon’s theory of individuation. It confronts these notions with ideas from cybernetics and especially Alan Turing’s work. The ‘universal machine’ opens new ways of understanding the relations between humans and machines, and highlights an impasse in Simondon’s theory. These concepts act as precursors to post-structuralist philosophy and Gilles Deleuze’s oeuvre.

Evaluación de la diversidad en comunidades de tardígrados (Ecdysozoa: Tardigrada) en hábitats urbano y rural de la ciudad de Salta (Argentina); Diversity assessment in tardigrades communities (Ecdysozoa, Tardigrada) in urban and rural habitats of the city of Salta (Argentina) Gonzalez Reyes, Andrea; Acosta, Ximena Gisela del Milagro; Corronca, Jose Antonio; Rocha, Alejandra Mariana; Doma, Irene Luisa; Repp, Elma Yanina Este trabajo se realizó bajo la hipótesis de que existe una pérdida creciente de diversidad en las comunidades de tardígrados, desde las áreasrurales hacia las urbanas, incrementando la homogenización de sus comunidades producto de la urbanización. Para la ciudad de Salta, se tomaron muestrasen áreas con tránsito vehicular alto y muestras en áreas rurales circundantes. Se identifi caron en total ocho especies/morfoespecies. El inventario tuvouna completitud mayor al 94%. La comunidad rural fue más diversa y estructuralmente más uniforme que la comunidad urbana. Macrobiotus hufelandiSchultze, 1834 resultó especie indicadora y Milnesium sp. como detectora para el hábitat urbano, mientras que Paramacrobiotus areolatus Murray, 1907resultó indicadora para el hábitat rural.; This work was carried out under the hypothesis that there is a growing loss of diversity in communities of tardigrades, from rural to urban areas, increasing the homogenization of its communities due to the urbanization. Samples were taken from the city of Salta in areas with high vehicular traffi c and samples in surrounding rural areas. We identifi ed a total of eight species/morphospecies. The inventory completeness was greater than 94%. The rural community was more diverse and structurally more uniform compared with the urban one, shown that both communities were diff erent. Macrobiotus hufelandi Schultze, 1834 results as an indicator species, and Milnesium sp. as detector species from urban habitat; meanwhile Paramacrobiotus areolatus Murray 1907 was an indicator species for rural areas.

Data stream treatment using sliding windows with MapReduce Basgall, María José; Hasperué, Waldo; Naiouf, Ricardo Marcelo Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) techniques present limitations when the volume of data to process is very large. Any KDD algorithm needs to do several iterations on the complete set of data in order to carry out its work. For continuous data stream processing it is necessary to store part of it in a temporal window.In this paper, we present a technique that uses the size of the temporal window in a dynamic way, based on the frequency of the data arrival and the response time of the KDD task. The obtained results show that this technique reaches a great size window where each example of the stream is used in more than one iteration of the KDD task.

Risk factors associated with the abundance of Nosema spp. in apiaries located in temperate and subtropical conditions after honey harvest Pacini, Adriana Cecilia; Giacobino, Agostina; Molineri, Ana Inés; Bulacio Cagnolo, Natalia Verónica; Aignasse, Andrea María E; Zago, Luis; Mira, Anabela; Izaguirre, Mercedes; Schnittger, Leonhard; Merke, Julieta; Orellano, Emanuel Matías; Bertozzi, Ezequiel; Pietronave, Hernán Pablo; Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are obligate parasites that develop within the honey bee gut reducing the life of theirhost. The role that they have in colony losses is not clear, and it remains to be elucidated how the geographical andseasonal variations influence pathogenicity of nosema. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated withthe abundance of Nosema spp. spores in apiaries located in temperate and subtropical regions after honey harvest. Atotal of 361 colonies distributed in five eco-regions of Argentina were examined to evaluate the abundance of Nosemaspp. spores. Regions differed with regard to temperature, precipitation, and vegetation landscape. The abundance ofNosema spp. spores was significantly higher in temperate than in subtropical regions. A south-north gradient of Nosemaspp. spore abundance was found, with the highest spore counts observed in South Santa Fe, continuously descendingtowards the northern regions of higher temperature. The observed gradient may be related to weather conditionsand/or availability of floral resources in each eco-region. Also, colonies with >3% of Varroa destructor infestation showedthe highest abundance of Nosema spp. spores. N. ceranae, N. apis, and co-infection were identified in 37.77, 26.66, and35.55% of the studied colonies, respectively.

Pertenencia social y comprensión de la desigualdad social en niños y niñas de grupos sociales contrastantes Acuña Figueroa, María Belén; Aguilera Sicot, Romina; Cesario, Julieta; Imhoff, Débora Soledad El estudio indagó las nociones sobre desigualdad social de niños y niñas de grupos sociales contrastantes, focalizando en las construcciones cognitivas infantiles considerando los contextos sociales de pertenencia. Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizaron 67 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a niños/as de 10 y 11 años de nivel socioeconómico medio-alto y bajo de la ciudad de Córdoba, seleccionados/as por muestreo teórico. Los datos fueron procesados mediante Análisis de Contenido Cualitativo. Asimismo, se efectuó una indagación de las atribuciones causales subyacentes a las explicaciones sobre el origen del fenómeno, y una exploración de los atravesamientos ideológicos en tornoa la comprensión de este problema social. Los resultados señalan que ambos grupos compartieron aspectos en torno a su comprensión de la desigualdad social. Aun así, ciertas dimensiones mostraron divergencias entre ambos grupos, dando cuenta de diferencias en la forma de comprender este objeto socio-político en función de las pertenencias sociales.

Postnatal cranial growth of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) Flores, David Alfredo; del Castillo, Daniela Laura; Tadasu Yamada The short-nosed Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) is the fifth largest member of Delphinidae, but is one of the least studied dolphin species. We studied the postnatal ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of the skull of Risso’s dolphin by applying linear bivariate and multivariate analyses of allometry and discussing our findings in a comparative and functional framework. Comparing a representative of the Globicephalinae subfamily (a typically short-nosed group) with previously studied cetaceans belonging to different families is important for evaluating variations in the growth of splanchnocranium and neurocranium in cetaceans. Results of bivariate and multivariate approaches were mostly similar. The trophic apparatus showed positive allometry or isometry, whereas negative allometry was observed in neurochranial components and in width of external nares. We detected sexual dimorphism in the growth pattern of cranial variables related to trophic functions, suggesting slight differences in the mechanics of the trophic apparatus. Our results indicate a very low degree of sexual dimorphism in skull growth compared with other dolphins with most dimorphic growth rates favoring females; this result can be related to the earlier acquisition of an optimal performance in females, which is important for reproductive requirements. The growth of the splanchnocranium, and especially of those characters associated with the trophic function, exhibits a pattern of higher growth rate than neurochranial components, regardless of the short face of G. griseus.

Sequestration of native soil organic carbon and residue carbon in complex agroecosystems Bichel, Amanda; Oelbermann, Maren; Voroney, Paul; Echarte, Laura Knowing short-term gains and losses of soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for understanding the role of different land management practices in climate change mitigation. This study evaluated the flow of carbon (C) in soil from two differently configured intercrops [1:2 (one row of maize and two rows soybean); 2:3 (two rows of maize and three rows of soybean)] compared to a maize and soybean sole crop as a result of residue addition. Addition of soybean or maize residues significantly increased (p < 0.05) SOC, light fraction (LF-C), and soil microbial biomass (SMB). Soil organic C from native sources was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than C from new (residue) sources. The LF had a significantly greater (p < 0.05) C content from new sources. Treatments amended with soybean residue had a significantly greater (p < 0.05) contribution from new C sources for SOC and LF than treatments amended with maize residue. The SMB-C was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the 2:3 intercrop. Cumulative soil CO2 emission was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in intercrops than in sole crops. CO2 emissions derived from new C sources was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that derived from native sources in maize amended treatments; and not significantly different (p < 0.05) for treatments amended with soybean residues.