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Conductas desviadas socialmente o de "mala vida" desde el positivismo criminológico en Argentina (1902-1923)

Conductas desviadas socialmente o de "mala vida" desde el positivismo criminológico en Argentina (1902-1923) Dovio, Mariana El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar conductas consideradas de "mala vida", fronterizas entre la criminalidad y la locura. Para este propósito, analizaremos artículos publicados en la revista Archivos de Psiquiatría, Criminología, Medicina Legal y Ciencias Afines, y su continuación, Revista de Criminología, Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal entre 1902 y 1923. Nos centraremos en esta última etapa de la revista en el que podremos analizar la mutación de un modelo psicopatológico hacia uno endocrinológico para explicar la "mala vida". Tomamos como punto de partida la relevancia que adquirió en Argentina en los primeros años del siglo XX la orientación psicopatológica en los estudios sobre la marginalidad social. Éstos últimos sufrieron desde 1914 una serie de modificaciones a partir de la introducción de los estudios sobre endocrinología criminal, que implicaron una recuperación del abordaje biológico de las conductas delictivas.; The aim of this work is to study behaviors considered of “low life” between the crime and the madness. For that purpose we will analyze articles published in the review Archives of Psychiatry, Criminology, Legal Medicine and Related Sciences and the Journal of Criminology, Psychiatry and Legal Medicine between 1902 and 1923. We will focus on this last stage of the magazine in which we can analyze the mutation of a psychopathological model to an endocrinological one to explain the “low life”. We take as a starting point the relevance that had in Argentina in the first years of the twentieth century the psychopathological orientation in the studies of disrespectable behaviors. From 1914 there were modifications with the introduction of the criminal endocrinology studies that implied a recovery of the biological way of study of crime.

Redescription of the argyrolagid Microtragulus bolivianus (Metatheria, Polydolopimorphia, Bonapartheriiformes) based on new remains from Northwestern Argentina

Redescription of the argyrolagid Microtragulus bolivianus (Metatheria, Polydolopimorphia, Bonapartheriiformes) based on new remains from Northwestern Argentina; Redescripción del argirolágido Microtragulus bolivianus (Metatheria, Polydolopimorphia, Bonapartheriiformes) basada en nuevos restos del noroeste argentino; Révision de l'argyrolagidé Microtragulus bolivianus (Metatheria, Polydolopimorphia, Bonapartheriiformes) d'après des nouveaux restes du nord-ouest de l'Argentine Babot, María Judith; Garcia Lopez, Daniel Alfredo This work is based on new dental, cranial, and postcranial remains of the argyrolagidMicrotragulus bolivianus (Metatheria, Polydolopimorphia, Bonapartheriiformes)and dental pieces of Microtragulus sp. coming from late Pliocene-early Pleistocene levelsof the Uquía Formation exposed at San Roque, Humahuaca (Jujuy Province,Argentina). They were found in association with amphibians, lizards, birds, rodents,and didelphid marsupials, forming an assemblage probably generated by the trophicactivity of owls. Specimens were assigned to M. bolivianus based on the followingcombination of features: M3 subcircular, with a flexus between the mesiolabial lobeand the metacone, paracone and metacone not differentiated in M4, absence of entoflexidin m1-2 and shallow entoflexid in m3, proportionally large talonid in m4, with a distinguishabledistal flexid. Microtragulus bolivianus, initially recorded in Pliocenesediments exposed at the Bolivian Altiplano, was represented only by a mandibularfragment with m3-m4. Based on a much more complete sample we present a detaileddental and postcranial description of the species. Since 1904 the family name Argyrolagidaeand the generic names Microtragulus and Argyrolagus have been subject ofseveral nomenclatural changes. A revision of these modifications, mainly those occurringin the last 40 years, is also presented. Furthermore, we analyze some mandibulartraits of argyrolagids such as the maxillary canal (retrodental canal), a very odd featurepresent in all the members of the family, which could be related to the passage of aconnection between the inferior alveolar and inferior orbital veins, as in some extantmammals.; Este trabajo se basa en nuevos restos dentales, craneales y postcraneales del argirolágido Microtragulus bolivianus (Metatheria, Polydolopimorphia, Bonapartheriiformes) y piezas dentales de Microtragulus sp. provenientes de niveles de edad pliocena tardía-pleistocena temprana de la Formación Uquía, aflorantes en San Roque, Humahuaca (provincia de Jujuy, Argentina). Fueron encontados en asociación con anfibios, lagartijas, aves, roedores y marsupiales didélfidos, constituyendo una asociación probablemente generada por la actividad trófica de lechuzas. Los especímenes fueron asignados a M. bolivianus en base a la siguiente combinación de características: M3 subcircular, con un flexo entre el lóbulo mesiolabial y el metacono, paracono y metacono no diferenciados en M4, ausencia de entofléxido en m1-2 y un entofléxido somero en m3, un talónido proporcionalmente grande en m4, con un fléxido distal distinguible. Microtragulus bolivianus, inicialmente registrado en sedimentos pliocenos del altiplano boliviano, se hallaba representado únicamente por un fragmento mandibular con un incisivo y m3-m4. En base a una muestra mucho más completa presentamos una descripción dental y postcraneal detallada de la especie. Desde 1904 el nombre de la familia Argyrolagidae y los nombres genéricos Microtragulus y Argyrolagus han sido sujetos a varios cambios nomenclaturales. También se presenta una revisión de estas modificaciones, principalmente aquellas de los últimos 40 años. A su vez, analizamos algunas características de los argirolágidos tales como el canal maxilar (canal retrodental), un atributo muy particular presente en todos los miembros de la familia, el cual podría estar relacionado con el pasaje de una conexión entre las venas alveolar inferior y orbital inferior, como en algunos mamíferos actuales.; Ce travail est basé sur des nouveaux restes dentaires, crâniens, et postcrâniens de l'argyrolagidé Microtragulus bolivianus (Metatheria, Polydolopimorphia, Bonapartheriiformes) et des restes dentaires de Microtragulus sp. provenant des niveaux du Pliocène récent-Pléistocène ancien de la formation d'Uquía qui affleurent à San Roque, Humahuaca (province de Jujuy, Argentine). Ils ont été trouvés en association avec des amphibiens, des lézards, des oiseaux, des rongeurs, et des marsupiaux didelphidés, formant un assemblage probablement accumulé par l'activité trophique de chouettes. Les spécimens ont été attribués à M. bolivianus d'après la combinaison de caractères suivante : une M3 subcirculaire avec un flexus entre le lobe mésiolabial et le métacône, le paracône et le métacône non différenciés sur la M4, une absence d'entoflexide sur la m1 et la m2, et un entoflexide peu profond sur la m3, un talonide relativement développé sur la m4 avec un flexide distal perceptible. Microtragulus bolivianus, espèce à l'origine connue dans les sédiments pliocènes affleurant dans l'Altiplano bolivien, n'était jusqu'à présent représenté que par un seul fragment de mandibule avec m3-m4. D'après un échantillon bien plus complet, nous présentons une description détaillée des restes dentaires et postcrâniens de cette espèce. Depuis 1904, le nom de famille Argyrolagidae et les noms de genre Microtragulus et Argyrolagus ont été le sujet de nombreux changements de nomenclature. Une révision de ces modifications, principalement celles des 40 dernières années, est également présentée. De plus, nous analysons certains traits mandibulaires des argyrolagidés, tels que le canal maxillaire (canal rétrodentaire), un caractère très curieux qui est présent chez tous les membres de cette famille et qui pourrait être lié au passage d'une connexion entre la veine ophtalmique inférieure et la veine alvéolaire inférieure, comme chez certains mammifères actuels.

Caracterización de lodos como inoculantes para un reactor anaeróbico para el tratamiento de vinaza

Caracterización de lodos como inoculantes para un reactor anaeróbico para el tratamiento de vinaza; Characterization of sludge as inoculants for an anaerobic reactor for the treatment of vinasse Machado, Walter D.; Marquetti, Federico; Molina, Federico; Gusils Leon, Carlos Horacio; Quaia, Eugenio A, The implementation of a process of biological wastewater treatment requires knowledge of physicochemical andmicrobiological characteristics of the inoculum used, as well as the substrate to be treated.The aim of this work was to characterize sludge with methanogenic activity and vinasses for use as a substrate inanaerobic bio-digestion process.Five sludges of different sources were analyzed. The sludge from sacrifice´s lagoons of stillage, was chosenbecause it had higher concentrations of volatile suspended solids (26.13%) and higher methane production capacity (SpecificMethanogenic Activity, SMA = 0.15 gCODCH4/gSSV.d). The selection of an inoculum from the treatment of vinasse, shortensthe adaptation of microorganisms in the reactor. The characterization of vinasse consisted in determining the main parametersto study the nutrient ratio (COD:N:P) required to be used as substrate in a UASB type digester (upflow anaerobic sludgeblanket), in addition to the physicochemical parameters as pH and conductivity. It was determined that the analyzed vinassecovered with the requirements of nitrogen and organic matter, and phosphorus must be added to maintain the COD:N:P ratioin 500:7:1, suggested as optimal in the literature, to achieve granulation. The tests proposed to characterize the samples ofsludge obtained, allowed to establish some differences and criteria to select the inoculum for future tests.

Tecnología Médica y Derecho: la potencialidad de la Ingeniería Biomédica

Tecnología Médica y Derecho: la potencialidad de la Ingeniería Biomédica Monzón Wyngaard, Álvaro; Monzon, Jorge Emilio; Carlevaro, Agustín Sebastián; Monzon, Maria Victoria; Payes, Matías Se utilizó la Matriz de Datos. Se operacionalizaron a través de los métodos jurídico, realista y bibliográfico. Los resultados luego fueron discutidos, concluyendo: El Estado argentino, a través del Derecho Administrativo, incide por 2 vías en la legalización del ejercicio profesional: Por una parte, en la sanción de la ley reglamentaria del ejercicio profesional propiamente dicho; y por la otra en la aprobación, vía Personas Jurídicas, de los respectivos Códigos de Ética propuestos por los Colegios o Consejos de la profesión, legalmente habilitados. Se utilizó el método: jurídico que se sirve de la inducción para extraer de la variedad de fenómenos que constituyen manifestaciones del derecho público (en nuestro trabajo las leyes provinciales que regulan el Ejercicio Legal de la Ingeniería), basados en la guía que es la "lógica"​. Pero esta aproximación no prescinde en modo alguno el "método realista" como auxiliar para elaborar las conclusiones de trascendencia (v.g. historia del derecho, o bien la economía y la política). Se arribaron a las siguientes conclusiones: Principalmente, podemos advertir que es necesario que se elabore una legislación integral a la cual puedan adherirse las provincias, sin perjuicio de los avances que existan en el desarrollo tecnológico en cada una de ellas, ya que solo nos encontramos con leyes aisladas carentes de uniformidad las cuales no presentan coordinación lógica y congruente interna entre ellas, observándose en consecuencia dudas, de interpretación e integración. En un segundo lugar advertimos la falta de normas que complementen en forma congruente el marco legal nacional y las problemáticas individuales locales sumada a la no consideración axiológica de la salud en los códigos de ética para los Ingenieros, provocan que las pocas y limitadas normas provinciales no sean instrumentos idóneos para el fomento de esta actividad; por ende es necesario considerar la potencial modificación de los códigos de ética en lo concerniente a ingenieros biomédicos que si bien poseen iguales principios a ingenieros de otras áreas es necesario que se incorporen para éstos lo específico a la salud humana.

Photodissociation UV-Vis spectra of cold protonated azobenzene and 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene and their benzenediazonium cation fragment

Photodissociation UV-Vis spectra of cold protonated azobenzene and 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene and their benzenediazonium cation fragment Féraud, Géraldine; Dedonder Lardeux, Claude; Jouvet, Christophe; Marceca, Ernesto José Gas phase photodissociation electronic spectra of protonated azobenzene (ABH+) and 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene (dmaABH+) were measured in a cryogenically cooled ion trap at temperatures of a few tens of Kelvin. Experimental results were complemented with electronic structure calculations in the ground state at the MP2/cc-pVDZ level of theory, and in the low lying excited states using the RI-CC2 method. Calculated energies revealed that only the trans isomers of the azonium molecular ions (protonation site on the azo group) will likely exist in the trap at the temperatures achieved in the experiment. The first transition of trans-ABH+ is π∗ ← π, and the absorption band in the spectrum appears strongly red-shifted from that of the neutral molecule. The calculations showed that upon excitation the quasi-planar ground state (S0) transforms into a chairlike excited state (S1) by twisting the CNNC dihedral angle about 96°. A 41 cm-1 active vibrational progression found in the ABH+ spectrum may be associated with the twisting of the azo bond. Conversely, the electronic spectrum of dmaABH+ exhibits a steep and unstructured S1 ← S0 absorption corresponding to a less distorted S1 state. The next two quasi-degenerate bands in the ABH+ spectrum evidence sharper onsets and a charge transfer character. Using a second fragmentation laser and an additional He cooling pulse in the trap, it was possible to measure the UV spectrum of cold benzenediazonium fragments.

Intra-specific pelage color variation in a South American small rodent species

Intra-specific pelage color variation in a South American small rodent species; Variação intraespecífica da cor da pelagem de uma espécie de pequeno roedor sul-americano Sandoval Salinas, Maria Leonor; Barquez, Ruben Marcos; Colombo, Elisa Margarita; Sandoval, Jose Domingo Intra-specific color variation is often underestimated by researchers, and among mammalian species, intra-specific differences in coloration are poorly documented for most species. The main goal of this study was to apply an objective color measurement methodology to the study of a specific problem: the detection, if any, of patterns of changes in the fur color of specimens of Akodon budini in relation to biological (i.e., sex) and environmental (i.e., season) variables. We hypothesize that male coat color will be more homogeneous than that of females and that the winter coat color will be darker than that of summer, the latter being orange. We measured the pelage color on five points over the dorsal surface of 26 A. budini museum specimens region using a spectroradiometer and a diffuse illumination cabin. We used Principal Component Analysis to describe the association between the color variables, sex and season, and each of the observations. We then used general linear models of Analysis of Variance to examine relationships between color data, season, and sex. The results clearly confirm the hypothesis related to seasonal coat color change but do not directly confirm the hypothesis related to changes in coat color in relation to sex, and we show the complexity of the studied pattern. In conclusion, undoubtedly, the studied variables should accordingly be taken into account when studying the coloration of specimens for characterization, identification and discrimination of different taxonomic units based on color.; Variação de cor intra-específica é muitas vezes subestimada pelos pesquisadores, e entre espécies de mamíferos, as diferenças intra-específicas na coloração são pouco conhecidas para a maioria das espécies. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar uma metodologia objetiva de medição de cor para o estudo de um problema específico: a detecção de padrões de mudanças na cor da pele de espécimes de Akodon budini em relação a variáveis biológicas (i.e., sexo) e ambientais (i.e., temporada), se houver. Nossa hipótese é que a cor da pelagem do sexo masculino será mais homogênea do que a de fêmeas e que a cor da pelagem do inverno vai ser mais escura do que a de verão, sendo esta última mais laranja. Medimos a cor da pelagem em cinco pontos sobre a superfície dorsal de 26 espécimes de museu de A. budini usando um espectroradiômetro e uma cabine de iluminação difusa. Usamos Análise de Componentes Principais para descrever a associação entre as variáveis de cor, sexo e temporada, e cada uma das observações. Em seguida, usamos modelos lineares gerais da Análise de Variância para verificar as relações entre os dados de cor, temporada, e sexo. Os resultados confirmam claramente a hipótese relacionada à mudança sazonal de cor da pelagem, mas não confirmam diretamente a hipótese relacionada com alterações na cor da pelagem em relação ao sexo, e vamos mostrar a complexidade do modelo estudado. Em conclusão, sem dúvida, as variáveis estudadas devem consequentemente ser tidas em conta quando se estuda a coloração de amostras para caracterização, identificação e discriminação de diferentes unidades taxonômicas com base na cor.

The effect of organic acids and sulfur dioxide on C4 compound production and ß-glucosidase activity of Oenococcus oeni from wines under acidic conditions

The effect of organic acids and sulfur dioxide on C4 compound production and ß-glucosidase activity of Oenococcus oeni from wines under acidic conditions Maturano, Ramona del Carmen; Rivero, Luciana del Valle; Rodriguez Vaquero, Maria Jose; Saguir de Zucal, Fabiana Maria The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of l-malic and citric acids and SO2 on two biochemical properties (diacetyl/acetoin/2,3-butanediol formation and β-glucosidase activity) relevant to flavor development in six Oenococcus oeni strains from wines at pH 4.8 and 3.8. Cells were cultured in MRS without citrate (control medium) and combined with l-malic acid (2 g/L), citric acid (0.7 g/L), and SO2 (80 mg/L) at pH 4.8 and 3.8. All the test strains grew at all conditions tested including in the presence of SO2 and at initial pH 3.8, even though growth parameters were maximum in the presence of both the acids at pH 4.8. Organic acids were depleted totally regardless of the condition examined, in which degradation of l-malic acid was faster than that of citric acid. Diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol levels significantly varied depending on the strain for a given condition, for example, at pH 4.8 in control medium the highest value (6.55±0.31 mg/L, strain MS25) represented almost threefold the lowest one (2.43±0.22 mg/L, strain MS9). There was also variability for each strain depending on the initial pH (strains MS25, MS27, and MS48) and the presence of organic acids (all strains except MS25) but not SO2. In addition, among strains there was a trend toward mainly diacetyl formation (55%-75%). O. oeni MS9, MS20, and MS46 yielding adequate diacetyl levels were selected for investigating specific β-glucosidase activity and its possible cell localization. Cell suspensions of all the selected strains exhibited positive activities at both pH values which were > 4.8. As observed for C4 compounds, organic acids stimulated this activity (28%-49% at pH 4.8; ~20% at pH 3.8), thus partially reverting the inhibition caused by acid stress, while SO2 did not affect it. The use of different cell fractions (permeabilized cells, cell protoplasts, and cell extracts) associated this activity to the cell surface. Results indicated that diacetyl formation and β-glucosidase activity levels in O. oeni strains as influenced by acidity and organic acids are of relevance for vinification decisions.

Paisaje social, trayectoria artística e identidad política: el caso de Ramón Ayala

Paisaje social, trayectoria artística e identidad política: el caso de Ramón Ayala; Social landscape, artistic trajectory and political identity: the case of Ramón Ayala Orquera, Yolanda Fabiola del Valle Este trabajo se ocupa de la trayectoria artística y política del músico y poeta argentino Ramón Ayala, nacido en Misiones, en el límite con Paraguay y Brasil. Traza un recorrido desde su infancia, su formación inicial, en contacto estrecho con músicos paraguayos exiliados en Buenos Aires, su temprana adhesión al marxismo, su relación con el Movimiento Nuevo Cancionero y su viaje a Cuba en 1962. Todos esos eventos están enmarcados en la Guerra Fría, que tiene un giro central en la historia latinoamericana al producirse la Revolución Cubana, en 1959. Este evento tuvo una incidencia innegable en la producción simbólica del folklore musical nacional y latinoamericano. La obra de Ayala, caracterizada por la formulación social del paisaje de la selva misionera y de los hombres explotados en la cosecha de la yerba mate, fue ?y sigue siendo aún- expresión de la incidencia del mencionado período histórico en la música popular argentina.; This article focuses on the artistic and political trajectory of the Argentinean musician and poet Ramón Ayala, born in Misiones, the frontier with Paraguay and Brazil. It draws an itinerary from his childhood, his initial formation, his tight connection with musicians exiled from Paraguay who lived in Buenos Aires, his early membership to Marxism, his relationship to New Song Movement and his trip to Cuba in 1962. All these events are framed into the Cold War and especially in the Cuban Revolution as epicenter of the global history in Latin America. This event has an undeniable incidence in the symbolic production of the national and Latin American folklore. Ayala’s work, characterized by the social formulation of Misiones’ jungle landscape and the exploited men that worked in the yerba mate harvest, was -and still is- expression of the incidence of the Cold war in the Argentinean popular music.

Entre el arte y la técnica: René Villeminot y la arquitectura beaux- arts en la Argentina (1878-1928)

Entre el arte y la técnica: René Villeminot y la arquitectura beaux- arts en la Argentina (1878-1928); Between art and technique: René Villeminot and the beaux-arts architecture in Argentina (1878-1928) Franchino, Magali Debora Solange René Villeminot formó parte de un grupo de personajes relevantes en la construcción del campo disciplinar de la Arquitectura en la Argentina a principios del siglo XX. Más que la construcción de una biografía, el interés de este trabajo se focalizará en el estudio de su esfera artística y profesional, dando cuenta de las particularidades de su producción en el marco del proceso de institucionalización de la Arquitectura como disciplina en los primeros decenios del siglo XX. En este sentido, analizar su trayectoria implica reconocer la complejidad que su figura adquiere al ser uno de los primeros personajes que articula la enseñanza de la Arquitectura, el ejercicio de la profesión dentro de las reparticiones estatales y la construcción de la arquitectura pública del Estado nacional.; René Villeminot was part of a group of prominent f gures in the construction of the architectural discipline in Argentina in the early twentieth century. Rather than a biography, the interest of this work will focus on the study of his artistic and professional sphere, identifying the particularities of his production during the process of institutionalization of Architecture as a discipline in the early decades of the twentieth century. In this direction, analyzing his trajectory involves recognizing the complexity that his figure acquires as one of the first characters that articulates architectural teaching, professional work in the state and the construction of national state public works.

La Política de Manejo de la Tierra Vacante en en Gran La Plata, Buenos Aires

La Política de Manejo de la Tierra Vacante en en Gran La Plata, Buenos Aires; Vacant Land Management Policy in Greater La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires Frediani, Julieta Constanza A partir del reconocimiento del significativo papel que adquiere la tierra vacante en la definición de las políticas de suelo como una instancia básica e indispensable para el desarrollo urbano, el presente trabajo se propone profundizar en esta temática. La reutilización de tierras vacantes a través de adecuadas políticas de manejo permitiría contribuir a la recuperación de la calidad urbana-ambiental de ciudades actualmente dispersas y fragmentadas. Sin embargo, la ausencia de políticas de suelo orientadas a la planificación del desarrollo de las ciudades y a corregir las distorsiones del crecimiento urbano pone de manifesto la relevancia de profundizar en esta problemática. En este contexto, el objetivo general del presente trabajo consiste en contribuir al conocimiento de la relación entre las políticas de suelo y la tierra vacante en el interior de la región del Gran la Plata, tendiente a una utilización del territorio social y ambientalmente sustentable.; Recognizing the significant role that vacant land acquires in the definition of land policies as a basic and essential resource for urban development, this paper proposes the analysis of this dimension. Reuse of vacant land through appropriate management policies would contribute to the recovery of the urban-environmental quality of currently dispersed and fragmented cities. However, the absence of land policies oriented towards planning their development and in order to correct the distortions of urban growth, it is relevant to deepen the understanding of this issue. In this context, the general objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between land policies and vacant land in the Greater La Plata area, based on the use of socially and environmentally sustainable territory.

Remote sensing and ground-based measurements of evapotranspiration in an extreme cold Patagonian desert

Remote sensing and ground-based measurements of evapotranspiration in an extreme cold Patagonian desert Cristiano, Piedad María; Pereyra, Daniel Alberto; Bucci, Sandra Janet; Madanes, Nora; Scholz, Fabian Gustavo; Goldstein, Guillermo Hernan Accurate estimates of seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) at different temporal and spatial scales are essential for understanding the biological and environmental determinants of ecosystem water balance in arid regions and the patterns of water utilization by the vegetation. For this purpose, remote sensing ET estimates of a Patagonian desert in Southern Argentina were verified with field measurements of soil evaporation and plant transpiration using an open top chamber. Root distribution and seasonal variation in soil volumetric water content were also analysed. There was a high correlation between remote sensing and field measurements of ecosystem water fluxes. A substantial amount of the annual ET occurred in spring and early summer (73.4 mm) using winter rain stored in the soil profile and resulting in water content depletion of the upper soil layers. A smaller amount of annual ET was derived from few rainfall events occurring during the mid or late summer (41.4 mm). According to remote sensing, the 92.9% of the mean annual precipitation returns to the atmosphere by transpiration or evaporation from the bare soil and by canopy interception. Only 7.1% infiltrates to soil layers deeper than 200 cm contributing to the water table recharge. Fourier time series analysis, cross-correlation methods and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse 11 years of remote sensing data to assess determinants of water fluxes. A linear model predicts well the variables that drive complex ecosystem processes such as ET. Leaf area index and air temperature were not linearly correlated to ET because of the multiple interaction among variables resulting in time lags with ET variations and thus these two variables were not included in the linear model. Soil water content, the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation and precipitation explained 86% of the ET monthly variations. The high volumetric water content and the small seasonal variations at 200-cm depth were probably the result of little water uptake from deeper soil horizons by roots with low hydraulic conductivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Total and marketable fruit yield of strawberry plants grown under different levels of nitrogen fertility and inoculated with azospirillum brasilense REC3

Total and marketable fruit yield of strawberry plants grown under different levels of nitrogen fertility and inoculated with azospirillum brasilense REC3; Rendimiento frutal total y comercial de plantas de frutillas cultivadas bajo diferentes niveles de fertilidad nitrogenada e inoculadas con Azospirillum brasilense REC3 Lovaisa, Nadia Carolina; Guerrero Molina, María Fernanda; Delaporte Quintana, Paola Adriana Georgina; Salazar, Sergio Miguel The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic response of strawberry plants (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense as a biotechnological alternative to reduce or complement the plant nitrogen-fertilization under field conditions. The field trial was carried out in the province of Tucumán, Argentina, inoculating or not strawberry plants (cv. 'Camino Real') with A. brasilense REC3 and applying or not nitrogenfertilization. Treatments consisted in plants cultivated under different nitrogen fertilization (0%, 50%, 100%) with or without bacterial inoculation. The variables assessed were: SPAD relative values, total and marketable fruit yield, and growth index. As a result, it was observed that A. brasilense REC3 contributed positively to the nitrogen nutrition of strawberry plants growing at field conditions, expressed in the values of the variables assessed.

New theropod fauna from the Upper Cretaceous (Huincul Formation) of Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina

New theropod fauna from the Upper Cretaceous (Huincul Formation) of Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina Motta, Matias Javier; Aranciaga Rolando, Alexis Mauro; Rozadilla, Sebastian; Agnolin, Federico; Chimento, Nicolás Roberto; Brissón Egli, Federico; Novas, Fernando Emilio The present contribution describes theropod remains coming from the Huincul Formation (Neuquén Group; Cenomanian-Turonian; Upper Cretaceous) at a single locality located in northwestern Río Negro province, Patagonia, Argentina. This theropod association is composed of abelisauroids, two different-sized carcharodontosaurid allosauroids, a coelurosaur of uncertain relationships, a megaraptoran tyrannosauroid, and a possible unenlagiid paravian. Two new theropod genera and species are here described. The new carcharodontosaurid is based on an isolated postorbital bone bearing a unique prominence above the orbital brow. The new megaraptoran of uncertain affinities is described on the basis of a partially articulated tail and sacral vertebra. A new taxon is characterized by having notably elongate and highly pneumatic sacral and caudal vertebrae. It shows a large number of similarities with the African taxa Deltadromeus and Baharisaurus. These genera probably constitute a still poorly known clade of megaraptoran tyrannosauroids different from the Megaraptoridae. These findings support that Patagonia is a key place for understanding theropod evolution in Gondwana.

Percepción del verde urbano en parques de la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Percepción del verde urbano en parques de la ciudad de Buenos Aires; Urban green perception in Buenos Aires parks Perelman, Patricia Eleonora; Marconi, Patricia Laura El presente trabajo estudia, evalúa y analiza la percepción del verde urbano de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. La metodología empleada fue una encuesta de población en cuatro parques (Saavedra, Avellaneda, Centenario y Bastidas) representativa de la localidad en estudio (25% del área verde de la ciudad aprox.), dividida en cuatro partes: preguntas cerradas de elección múltiple para obtener los datos demográficos y sociales de los encuestados; preguntas generales (3) sobre la distancia y asiduidad de las visitas; y preguntas abiertas (5) donde los encuestados refirieron al lugar y motivo de la visita. Por último, se realizó una encuesta cerrada donde cada encuestado debió elegir 3 atributos que definieran al parque de una lista de 20. Los encuestados seleccionaron atributos que estaban en contraposición con el paisaje urbano. El análisis de los 4 parques en su conjunto permite identificar los 6 atributos más mencionados: tranquilidad, armonía, belleza, naturaleza, sonidos de la naturaleza, y verde. En general, las personas parecen buscar un bienestar personal, un lugar donde sentirse serenos y protegidos entre la vegetación. Los resultados hallados permiten concluir que si bien las percepciones son subjetivas, los factores que definen el paisaje son comunes.; This paper explores, evaluates and analyzes the perception of Buenos Aires urban green area. The methodology used was a population survey including four parks (Saavedra, Avellaneda, Centenario and Bastidas) representative of the locality under study (25% of the green area of the city), divided into four sets: multiple choice closed questions for the social and demographic data; general questions (3) on the distance and frequency of the visits; and open questions (5) where the respondents referred to the place and purpose of the visit; finally, a closed questionaire where each respondent had to choose three attributes that define the park from a total of 20 attributes. The subjects selected attributes for place identity that were opposed to urban landscape. The analysis of the 4 parks as a whole identifies 6 of the most frequently mentioned attributes: peace, harmony, beauty, nature, nature sounds, and green. In general, people seem to seek personal well-being, a place to feel calm and protected in vegetation. The obtained results suggest that although perceptions are subjective, landscape features are common.

Optimizing Product Launches in the Presence of Strategic Consumers

Optimizing Product Launches in the Presence of Strategic Consumers Lobel, Ilan; Patel, Jigar; Vulcano, Gustavo; Zhang, Jiawei A technology firm launches newer generations of a given product over time. At any moment, the firm decides whether to release a new version of the product that captures the current technology level at the expense of a fixed launch cost. Consumers are forward-looking and purchase newer models only when it maximizes their own future discounted surpluses. We start by assuming that consumers have a common valuation for the product and consider two product launch settings. In the first setting, the firm does not announce future release technologies and the equilibrium of the game is to release new versions cyclically with a constant level of technology improvement that is optimal for the firm. In the second setting, the firm is able to precommit to a schedule of technology releases and the optimal policy generally consists of alternating minor and major technology launch cycles. We verify that the difference in profits between the commitment and no-commitment scenarios can be significant, varying from 4% to 12%. Finally, we generalize our model to allow for multiple customer classes with different valuations for the product, demonstrating how to compute equilibria in this case and numerically deriving insights for different market compositions.

Empleo del análisis multivariado en la evaluación de factores no genéticos de cabras Criollas

Empleo del análisis multivariado en la evaluación de factores no genéticos de cabras Criollas; Use of multivariate analysis in the non-genetic factors assessment of Creole goats David, R. N.; Abdala, G. C.; Abdala, María Eugenia; Lescano, J. A. El peso al nacimiento en caprinos es un factor que siempre se pondera en los esquemas productivos por estar positivamente correlacionado con la tasa de crecimiento, con el tamaño del adulto, con el tiempo que tardan las crías en alcanzar peso de faena y con el tipo de alimentación que reciben. El peso al nacimiento varía en las distintas razas por ser determinado genéticamente. Hay productores que llegan a cambiar la raza de cabra buscando mejores pesos al nacimiento y desarrollos más precoces. Existen, sin embargo, factores no genéticos, que influyen en el peso al nacimiento y el desarrollo inicial que pueden llevar a confundir los resultados cuando se comparan diferentes razas buscando la producción de cabritos de mejores pesos al nacimiento y desarrollos más precoces. Sexo y número de camada son dos factores no genéticos relevantes en la determinación del peso al nacimiento y ya han sido demostrados en otras razas. En cabras Criollas, además de estos, se detecta que edad de la madre, número de parto de la madre, y mes de nacimiento también influyen. Se realizó un estudio de la influencia de todas estas variables en el peso al nacimiento y desarrollo inicial en un rebaño caprino de la Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), en el que se pesaron crías al nacimiento y en desarrollo inicial en cinco pariciones sucesivas. Se aplicó un análisis conjunto de todas las variables o multivariado, empleándose el método de componentes principales ACP, el cual detectó relaciones muy estrechas entre las variables en los tres ejes principales: 1) edad de la madre con número de parto, 2) peso con el tamaño de la camada y 3) otras relaciones, aunque débiles entre sexo y tamaño de camada. El ACP sirvió para sintetizar la información y mejorar la eficiencia en la interpretación de resultados, concentrando a los ejemplares en base a la influencia de las variables estudiadas con sus respectivos pesos al nacimiento, siendo los grupos 2 y 3 los de mayores pesos (3,18 kg y 3.4 kg respectivamente) y los bajos pesos para los grupos 1 y 4 (2,22 kg y 2,25 kg promedio, respectivamente).; In goats, birth weight is a factor that is always taken into account in the production systems since it correlates positively with growth rate, with adult size, with the time required for the offspring reach slaughter weight and with the type of food they receive. Birth weight varies in different races to be genetically determined. There are breeders who change the race of goat focusing on the better birth weight and more early development. However, there are non-genetic factors that influence on the birth weight and early development that can lead to confusing results when comparing different races to looking offspring production of better birth weight and early development. Sex and number of litter are two non genetic factors relevant in determining birth weight, that in addition already it was demonstrated in other races. In Creole goats in addition to these, we found that age of mother, calving number of the mother, and birth month also have influence. A study of the influence of these variables on birth weight and initial development in a goat herd was conducted at the Na-tional University of Santiago del Estero. In this study the offspring were weighed at birth and during early developmental conducted in five successive calving. A pooled analysis of all variables or multivariate analyzes were applied, using the method of principal component ACP, which detect very close relations between the variables in the three major axis: 1) age of mother with calving number, 2) weight with the litter size and 3) other relationships, though weak between sex and litter size. This method, ACP, helped to summarize information and improving efficiency in the interpretation of results, bringing together animals based on the influence of the variables studied and their birth weight. Thus the groups 2 and 3 they presented the higher weights (3.18 kg and 3.4 kg respectively), and groups 1 and 4, lower weights (2.22 kg and 2.25 kg average respectively).

Valve morphology of Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) in Chubut province, Argentina

Valve morphology of Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) in Chubut province, Argentina; Morfología valvar de Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) en la provincia de Chubut, Argentina Uyua, Noelia Mariel; Santinelli, Norma Herminia; Sastre, Alicia Viviana; Sala, Silvia Estela Recientemente se verificó que Didymosphenia forma proliferaciones masivas en Patagonia. En Argentina se ha esparcido a cinco provincias en un corto tiempo. En este trabajo, analizamos datos morfológicos y morfométricos de especímenes recolectados en la provincia del Chubut, Argentina y los comparamos con otras especies de este género de diferentes regiones del mundo. El material de estudio fue recolectado en dos cuencas durante 2010-2012. Las muestras, analizadas con MO y MEB, mostraron variación inter e intra-poblacional en las características morfométricas y en algunas estructuras valvares, como espinas. La morfología del material estudiado corresponde a la de D. geminata ssp geminata Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot. Nuestros materiales también se asemejan a las especies: D. clavaherculis, D. clavamagna, D. coronata y D. laticollis. Los materiales de Chubut pueden ser fácilmente confundidos con algunos ejemplares mencionados en la literatura como D. clavaherculis, pero difieren claramente del material tipo de esa especie. Por otro lado, la morfología de los materiales estudiados coincide con los hallados en Chile. Aunque recientemente se publicó una extensa revisión morfológica del género Didymosphenia, todavía hay dudas en torno al grupo de taxones estrechamente relacionados con D. geminata. Actualmente se están realizando análisis moleculares que ayudarían a establecer los límites específicos.; Didymosphenia was recently found in Patagonia forming massive proliferations. In Argentina the species scattered in a short time to five provinces. Here, we analyse morphologic and morphometric data of specimens collected at Chubut Province, Argentina, and we compare them with other species of this genus reported from different regions of the world. Materials were collected in two basins during 2010- 2012. Samples analyzed with LM and SEM showed inter and intrapopulation variation in morphometric characteristics and in some valve structures such as spines. The studied material corresponds in valve outline and morphology to D. geminata ssp geminata Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot. Our materials also resemble a group of species: D. clavaherculis, D. clavamagna, D. coronata and D. laticollis. The studied material can be easily confused to some specimens mentioned in the literature as D. clavaherculis but they clearly differ from the type material of the species. On the other hand, fine morphology of the studied materials coincides with materials from Chile. Although morphological revision of the genus recently published allowed separating many species, there are still doubts about specific limits of taxa closely related to D. geminata. Molecular analysis should be performed to clarify these issues.

El clero regular y el gobierno diocesano en el obispado de Córdoba del Tucumán en la tardocolonia: Aproximación historiográfica a un vínculo difuso

El clero regular y el gobierno diocesano en el obispado de Córdoba del Tucumán en la tardocolonia: Aproximación historiográfica a un vínculo difuso; Regular clergy and diocesan government at the diocese of cordoba del tucuman in the late colonial period: a historiographical approach to a vague bond Mazzoni, María Laura La administración eclesiástica diocesana y las distintas órdenes regulares que se instalaron en el territorio de la gobernación del Tucumán han sido abordados, en la mayoría de los casos, como estamentos absolutamente diferentes y distanciados uno del otro. Las escasas vías de contacto entre ambos se constituyeron sobre la base del conflicto. En el caso del obispado de Tucumán, el extrañamiento de la Compañía de Jesús y el traspaso de la administración de la universidad a manos de la orden seráfica han sido de los pocos canales de encuentro que atraviesan ambas esferas en la historiografía. Nuestro trabajo propone repasar los estudios históricos, para el caso de la diócesis cordobesa, sobre las órdenes regulares con el objetivo de detectar los cruces entre la administración diocesana y el clero regular. Marcar los posibles vínculos en el nivel institucional, pero también relacional, constituirá un segundo propósito a lo largo de esta aproximación.; The diocesan government and the distinct regular orders that settled in the territory of Tucumán have been approached mostly as quite different and away from each other. The scarce links between these institutions were based on conflict. In Córdoba del Tucumán, the expulsion of Jesuit order, and the transfer of the university management into the hands of the Franciscan order have been some of the few aspects where historiography has found some links. This article aims to review the historical studies about regular orders focusing on the bonds between diocesan government and regular clergy. Another objective of this paper is to highlight possible interactions and relationships of those institutions.

Nacionalsocialistas anti-hitleristas y cuestión judía: Los casos de Die Schwarze Front y Frei-Deutschland Bewegung en la Argentina

Nacionalsocialistas anti-hitleristas y cuestión judía: Los casos de Die Schwarze Front y Frei-Deutschland Bewegung en la Argentina; Anti-hitlerite national socialists and jewish question: The cases of die schwarze front and frei-deutschland bewegung in Argentina Friedmann, Germán Claus Following Hitler's rise to power in Germany, National Socialism started a process of Gleichschaltung (uniformity) throughout diverse institutions belonging to the German community in Argentina. Though successful, it did not encompass them entirely. Associations that gathered Germanspeaking members of diverse origins sharing a common opposition to the Third Reich sprung to life during the 1930's and 1940's. Among the motley group of anti-Hitlerite militants, were two groups directed from his exile by Otto Strasser, who during the 1920's had been one of the main figures of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National socialist German worker's party). Local Strasser followers presented their points of view regarding the escalation of anti-Semitism in Europe, made their thoughts on the relationship between Jews and Germany known, and kept in touch with the German-speaking Jewish émigrés.

Espacios para la memoria: Narrativas sobre la violencia

Espacios para la memoria: Narrativas sobre la violencia Zarankin, Andrés; Salerno, Melisa Anabella En este trabajo centramos nuestro interés en diversos “espacios para la memoria” surgidos como recordatorios de un pasado violento. Entre ellos consideramos los sitios donde se da cuenta de la antigua división de Alemania (representados por el tratamiento brindado a los restos del Muro de Berlín); los espacios para la memoria del bombardeo atómico sobre Japón (incluyendo los museos que refieren al tema en Hiroshima y Estados Unidos); los sitios para la reflexión sobre la última dictadura militar en Argentina (contando los ex centros clandestinos de detención, parques, plazoletas, monolitos, etc. en Buenos Aires). Nuestro objetivo reside en discutir la diversidad contenida en los proyectos ensayados. Para ello proponemos abordar la materialidad de los espacios construidos, las ideas y sensaciones a los que apelan, y las narrativas que pretenden construir. El enfoque permite comprender las tensiones que comúnmente involucra la construcción de la memoria en el presente.; Neste artigo concentramos o nosso interesse em vários "espaço para a memória" surgidos como recordações de um passado violento. Dentre eles, podemos considerar os sítios onde ser percebe a antiga divisão da Alemanha (representado pelo tratamento dado aos restos do Muro de Berlim); espaços de memória do bombardeio atômico sobre o Japão (incluindo o endereço dos museus sobre esse tema em Hiroshima e nos Estados Unidos); sítios para refletir sobre a última ditadura militar na Argentina (contando os antigos centros de detenção clandestinos, parques, praças, monolitos, etc, em Buenos Aires). Nosso objetivo é discutir a diversidade contida nos projetos analisados. Propomo-nos abordar a relevância dos espaços construídos, idéias e sentimentos e as narrativas que buscam construir. Uma abordagem que permite a compreensão das tensões que comumente envolvem a construção da memória no presente.

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