Formulación de políticas de ordenamiento territorial en municipios de México y Argentina a comienzos del siglo XXI: dificultades para su construcción Rios, Licia Veronica Como tesis del ensayo se plantea que tanto en México, como en Argentina, en el proceso de las políticas de ordenamiento territorial municipal, se visualizan procesos estructurales que dificultan su concreción, desvalorizándolas como políticas transversales al conjunto de acciones que tienen por objetivo el desarrollo de los ámbitos locales. Para demostrar esta tesis se revisa en primer lugar los aspectos conceptuales fundamentales para el entendimiento del nuevo rol del ordenamiento territorial en el contexto municipal. Luego se indagan aspectos clave de la etapa de formulación de los principales instrumentos de la política de ordenamiento en dos municipios de ambos países: Tequisquiapan (Edo. de Querétaro) y Chascomús (Pcia. de Buenos Aires). Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones preliminares, buscando entender los obstáculos encontrados y encontrar algunos indicios de cambio en la forma de hacer las políticas.; The hypothesis of this essay argues that in Mexico, and Argentina, in the process of development of municipal land management policies structural processes are displayed that impede their realization, devaluing them as transversal policies to the set of actions directed to the development of local areas. To prove this hypothesis the paper first reviews the concepts on which the new role of land use in the municipal context is based. It then probes the main tools developed within the framework of the management policy in two municipalities of both countries: Tequisquiapan (Edo. of Queretaro) and Chascomús (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Preliminary findings, seek to understand the obstacles encountered and find some signs of change in the way of operating urban politics.

α-Rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase-catalyzed reactions for analysis and biotransformations of plant-based foods Minig, Paola Marisol; Mazzaferro, Laura; Erra Balsells, Rosa; Petroselli, Gabriela; Breccia, Javier Dario Most aroma compounds exist in vegetal tissues as disaccharide conjugates, rutinose being an abundant sugar moiety in grapes. The availability of aroma precursors would facilitate analytical analysis of plant-based foods. The diglycosidase α-rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase from Acremonium sp. DSM 24697 efficiently transglycosylated the rutinose moiety from hesperidin to 2-phenylethanol, geraniol, and nerol in an aqueous-organic biphasic system. 2-Phenethyl rutinoside was synthesized up to millimolar level with an 80% conversion regarding the donor hesperidin. The hydrolysis of the synthesized aroma precursors was not detected in an aqueous medium. However, in the presence of ethanol as a sugar acceptor, the enzyme was able to transfer the disaccharide residue forming the alkyl-rutinoside. The aroma precursors were significantly hydrolyzed (up to 3-4% in 2 h at 30 °C), which indicated the potential use of the enzyme for biotechnological applications, for example, in aroma modulation of fermented foods.

Evaluación y análisis de los aspectos urbano-ambientales en un Modelo de Calidad de Vida Urbana; Evaluation and analysis of urbanenvironmental aspects into an Urban Life Quality Model Esparza, Jesica Belen; Dicroce, Luciano; Martini, Irene; Discoli, Carlos Alberto Este trabajo presenta los avances en relación a los aspectos urbano-ambientales contemplados en un modelo de evaluación de la calidad de vida urbana (MCVU) respecto a la interacción de las diferentes escalas espaciales y dimensionales de la ciudad. En este sentido, se profundiza sobre la situación de las problemáticas: existencia de basurales, áreas inundables y contaminación aérea y sonora a partir de la yuxtaposición de las percepciones de los habitantes y el área de afectación de las mismas. En una escala de análisis detallado y a escala puntual, se verificó la existencia de basurales identificados en la escala urbano-regional. Su localización georreferenciada permitió definir las áreas de afectación de las patologías mencionadas, aportando información a los índices del MCVU.; This work presents the advances related to urban-environmental aspects included in an Urban Life Quality Model (ULQM) related to the interactions of the different spatial and dimensional scales of the city. In this sense, the situation of garbage dumps, flooded areas and air and sound contamination was deepened from the juxtaposition of inhabitant’s perception and their affection area. The existence of dumps accumulation was verified in a detailed analysis at punctual scale from its identification at urban-regional scale. Its geo-referenced localization allowed defining the affection areas of mentioned pathologies which were included in the ULQM indexes.

Gut evacuation time of macrobrachium borellii (Caridea: Palaemonidae) feeding on three types of prey from the littoral-benthic community de Azevedo Carvalho, Debora; Collins, Pablo Agustin; de Bonis, Cristian Gut evacuation time is a very useful parameter that allows us to understand the daily trophic cycle of a predator. Macrobrachium borellii is an inhabitant of the littoral-benthic community of the Paran River system that preys on various organisms. In this work, three types of prey (cladocerans, dipteran larvae, and oligochaetes), which are different in shape and mobility, were offered to M. borellii to investigate the gut evacuation time of each one. All prey represent the natural diet of this prawn based on previous work. Results showed a faster digestion of cladocerans than mosquito larvae and oligochaete. These last two types of prey are cylindrical and may interfere with the maceration process in a stomach that lacks a gastric mill. In addition, the high mobility of cladocerans and mosquito larvae implies greater energy expenditure in their capture. However, cladocerans are the prey with the lowest caloric value per individual and therefore offers the lowest net energy to the prawn. This implies that a cladoceran diet would require higher daily consumption and more time foraging, and thus potentially exposing the prawn to greater predation risk. All of these factors direct selection toward the more profitable prey (oligochaetes and dipteran larvae), in agreement with the natural diet observation, suggesting that the time of digestion may have little importance in prey selection.

Inhibition of triclabendazole metabolism in vitro by ketoconazole increases disruption to the tegument of a triclabendazole-resistant isolate of Fasciola hepatica Devine, C.; Brennan, G.P.; Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo; Alvarez, Luis Ignacio; Trudgett, A.; Hoey, E.; Fairweather, I. A study has been carried out to investigate whether the action of triclabendazole (TCBZ) against Fasciola hepatica is altered by inhibition of drug metabolism. The cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzyme pathway was inhibited using ketoconazole (KTZ) to see whether a TCBZ-resistant isolate could be made more sensitive to TCBZ action. The Oberon TCBZ-resistant and Cullompton TCBZ-susceptible isolates were used for these experiments. The CYP 450 system was inhibited by a 2-h pre-incubation in ketoconazole (40 μM), then incubated for a further 22 h in NCTC medium containing either KTZ, KTZ+nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (1 nM), KTZ+NADPH+ TCBZ (15 μg/ml), or KTZ+NADPH+triclabendazole sulphoxide (TCBZ.SO; 15 μg/ml). Changes to fluke ultrastructure following drug treatment and metabolic inhibition were assessed using transmission electron microscopy. After treatment with either TCBZ or TCBZ.SO on their own, there was greater disruption to the TCBZ-susceptible than TCBZ-resistant isolate. However, co-incubation with KTZ+ TCBZ, but more particularly KTZ+TCBZ.SO, led to more severe changes to the TCBZ-resistant isolate than with each drug on its own: in the syncytium, for example, there was severe swelling of the basal infolds and their associated mucopolysaccharide masses, accompanied by an accumulation of secretory bodies just below the apex. Golgi complexes were greatly reduced or absent in the tegumental cells and the synthesis, production, and transport of secretory bodies were badly disrupted. With the TCBZ-susceptible Cullompton isolate, there was limited potentiation of drug action. The results support the concept of altered drug metabolism in TCBZ-resistant flukes and this process may play a role in the development of drug resistance.

Stability of pollination services decreases with isolation from natural areas despite honey bee visits Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf; Kremen, Claire; Morales, Juan Manuel; Bommarco, Riccardo; Cunningham, Saul A.; Carvalheiro, Luísa G.; Chacoff, Natacha Paola; Dudenhöffer, Jan H.; Greenleaf, Sarah S.; Holzschuh, Andrea; Isaacs, Rufus; Krewenka, Kristin; Mandelik, Yael; Mayfield, Margaret M.; Morandin, Lora A.; Potts, Simon G.; Ricketts, Taylor H.; Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka; Viana, Blandina F.; Westphal, Catrin; Winfree, Rachael; Klein, Alexandra M. Sustainable agricultural landscapes by definition provide high magnitude and stability of ecosystem services, biodiversity and crop productivity. However, few studies have considered landscape effects on the stability of ecosystem services. We tested whether isolation from florally diverse natural and semi-natural areas reduces the spatial and temporal stability of flower-visitor richness and pollination services in crop fields. We synthesised data from 29 studies with contrasting biomes, crop species and pollinator communities. Stability of flower-visitor richness, visitation rate (all insects except honey bees) and fruit set all decreased with distance from natural areas. At 1km from adjacent natural areas, spatial stability decreased by 25, 16 and 9% for richness, visitation and fruit set, respectively, while temporal stability decreased by 39% for richness and 13% for visitation. Mean richness, visitation and fruit set also decreased with isolation, by 34, 27 and 16% at 1km respectively. In contrast, honey bee visitation did not change with isolation and represented >25% of crop visits in 21 studies. Therefore, wild pollinators are relevant for crop productivity and stability even when honey bees are abundant. Policies to preserve and restore natural areas in agricultural landscapes should enhance levels and reliability of pollination services.

Karyotype and AFLP data reveal the phylogenetic position of the Brazilian endemic Hypochaeris catharinensis (Asteraceae) Reck, Maikel; Benício, Lucas M.; Ruas, Eduardo Augusto; Alves Rodrigues, Luana; Ruas, Paulo Maurício; Ortiz, María A.; Talavera, Salvador; Urtubey, Estrella; Stuessy, Tod; Weiss Schneeweiss, Hanna; Tremetsberger, Karin; Michelan, Vanessa S.; Matzenbacher, Nelson Ivo; Vanzela, André L. L.; Terrab, Anass; Samuel, Rose; Ruas, Claudete Fátima The genus Hypochaeris offers an excellent model for studies of recent adaptive radiation in the South American continent. We used karyotype analysis with chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting to investigate for the first time the Brazilian endemic H. catharinensis and define its position within the South American group of species. Strong CMA-positive signals were seen at the end of both arms of chromosome 3 and at the end of the long arm of chromosome 4. DAPI bands were only detected in subterminal position on short arm of chromosome 4. FISH with 5S and 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probes revealed a single 5S rDNA locus on short arm of chromosome 2, typical for all other South American Hypochaeris taxa analyzed to date. The 35S rDNA locus was identified at subterminal position on the short arm of chromosome 3, as reported so far for only two of the known species (H. lutea and H. patagonica). The AFLP study included 55 individuals, comprising nine species of the South American Hypochaeris plus their putative ancestor H. angustifolia. Eleven AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 401 fragments, of which 388 (96.7%) were polymorphic. High genetic similarities were observed among taxa, with all South American Hypochaeris species falling into one main cluster [100% bootstrap (BS)]. Hypochaeris catharinensis is closely related to H. lutea (82% BS), forming a well-separated subcluster within the South American species. Taken together, the karyological and AFLP data contribute to the placement of H. catharinensis within the phylogenetic framework of South American species of Hypochaeris and allow the definition of a novel and well-resolved phylogenetic group (the Lutea group).

Las puntas de proyectil "en mandorla" de Inca Cueva 7: Caracterización tipológica e historia de vida (Puna de Jujuy, Argentina); Mandorla projectile points recovered from the Inca Cueva 7: Typological characterization and history lessons (Puna of Jujuy, Argentina), Aschero, Carlos Alberto; Hocsman, Salomón; Ratto, Norma Rosa Se analizan las puntas de proyectil en "mandorla" recuperadas en un depósito intencional de múltiples artefactos del sitio Inca Cueva 7 (Puna de Jujuy, Argentina), datado ca. 4000 años AP. El análisis se centra en su diseño y en sus alternativas de uso, entendiendo por éstas el modo en que pudieron utilizarse ambos extremos de cada punta. Para mostrar las características de este diseño se incluye la comparación con un conjunto de piezas en "mandorla" del sitio Camarones 14 (costa del norte de Chile) y se realizan diversas pruebas estadísticas. Por último, considerando las características de tres ejemplares recuperados del sitio argentino, se discuten sus ventajas en maximizar el rendimiento de las puntas y de los intermediarios de astil.Palabras clave : puntas de proyectil; puntas en "mandorla"; tipología; cazadores recolectores; Arcaico; Puna de Jujuy.; Mandorla projectile points recovered in a ca. 4000 years BP intentional deposit of artifacts from the Inca Cueva 7 site (Puna of Jujuy, Argentina), are analyzed. They are studied in terms of their design and use alternatives, because it could be used one extreme or the other, turning the points at the foreshaft; besides these artifacts could be the result of resharpening of blades and/or shafted parts. We include a comparison between mandorla projectile points from Inca Cueva 7 site and mandorla artifacts from Camarones 14 site (Northern Chile). Several statistical tests are performed. Then, the benefits to maximize the performance of foreshaft, are discussed on the basis of the characteristics of three specimens recovered from the Argentinian site studied

Tarifas aduaneras e industria azucarera en la Argentina. El discurso azucarero en torno al proteccionismo a fines del siglo XIX Lenis, Maria Lidia El presente artículo examina el rol desempeñado por el Centro Azucarero Argentino en la construcción de un discurso azucarero a fines del siglo XIX. En este sentido, advertimos que la defensa del proteccionismo constituyó uno de los tópicos centrales de la retórica azucarera, en tanto las tarifas aduaneras eran consideradas como condición necesaria para asegurar el desarrollo industrial, entendido como la vía de la independencia económica. Se asoció la implantación fabril con la “civilización” y el “progreso”. De este modo, el establecimiento y consolidación de este tipo de actividades económicas eran presentadas como una labor patriótica que permitía el avance del estado en territorios que aparecían dominados por la “barbarie”. A su vez, en este alegato aparecieron claramente delineadas las funciones que el estado debía adoptar con respecto al sector industrial. De esta manera, se reclamaba que el Estado debía contemplar los intereses del conjunto de país, y no asociar el progreso con los límites de la llanura pampeana. Si bien es cierto que muchas de estas líneas argumentativas se encontraban presentes en la década anterior, las mismas fueron sistematizadas en el discurso de la corporación azucarera y de su publicación mensual, la “Revista Azucarera”. Es así, que a partir de 1894 podemos detectar la presencia de un “discurso azucarero”, sobre todo en materia arancelaria, que con algunos matices se mantendrá inalterable hasta la llegada del radicalismo al poder.

Distribución espacial de la miseria en hogares de Santiago del Estero y procesos territoriales en Argentina, 1991-2001; Spatial distribution of misery at household in Santiago del Estero and territorial processes in Argentina, 1991-2001 Longhi, Hugo Fernando El campesinado santiagueño conforma uno de los núcleos argentinos donde la miseria alcanzó las mayores proporciones a fines del siglo XX. En este trabajo se analizaron los principales procesos territoriales ocurridos durante la década de 1990, asociados al comportamiento de la miseria. Dentro de tales procesos se indagó sobre los cambios en las grandes masas de cultivo, la ganadería, la cantidad y superficie de las explotaciones agropecuarias y la dinámica de la población. Como fuentes de información se utilizaron los Censos Nacionales de Población, Hogares y Viviendas de 1991 y 2001, los Censos Nacionales Agropecuarios de 1988 y 2002 y las estadísticas vitales del periodo intercensal. Los principales resultados se relacionaron con la desarticulación entre el crecimiento de la superficie cultivada con soja y la economía campesina, en un contexto de fuerte deforestación.; Peasantry in Santiago composes one of the Argentinean groups where misery reached the largest proportions by the end of the XX century. In this work we analyzed the main Territorial processes occurred during the 1990’s decade associated to the behavior of misery. In these said processes we enquired on the changes in the large masses of cultivations, livestock rearing, and surface of the agricultural exploitations and the dynamic of the population. As information sources we resorted to the National Censuses of Population, Household and Housing from 1991 to 2001, the Agricultural Censuses for the years 1988 and 2002 and the vital statistics of the inter-censual period. The main results are related to the de-articulation between the growth of the surface cultivated with soybean and peasant economy in a context of heavy deforestation.

Cu(II)-reduction by Escherichia coli cells is dependent on respiratory chain components Volentini, Sabrina Inès; Farias, Ricardo Norberto; Rodríguez Montelongo, Luisa; Rapisarda, Viviana Andrea Copper is both an essential nutrient and a toxic element able to catalyze free radicals formation which damage lipids and proteins. Although the available copper redox species in aerobic environment is Cu(II), proteins that participate in metal homeostasis use Cu(I). With isolated Escherichia coli membranes, we have previously shown that electron flow through the respiratory chain promotes cupric ions reduction by NADH dehydrogenase-2 and quinones. Here, we determined Cu(II)-reductase activity by whole cells using strains deficient in these respiratory chain components. Measurements were done by the appearance of Cu(I) in the supernatants of cells exposed to sub-lethal Cu(II) concentrations. In the absence of quinones, the Cu(II)-reduction rate decreased ~70% in respect to the wild-type strain, while this diminution was about 85% in a strain lacking both NDH-2 and quinones. The decrease was ~10% in the absence of only NDH-2. In addition, we observed that quinone deficient strains failed to grow in media containing either excess or deficiency of copper, as we have described for NDH-2 deficient mutants. Thus, the Cu(II)-reduction by E. coli intact cells is mainly due to quinones and to a lesser extent to NDH-2, in a quinone-independent way. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo demonstration of the involvement of E. coli respiratory components in the Cu(II)-reductase activity which contributes to the metal homeostasis.

Química computacional: Simulaciones matemáticas del comportamiento de átomos y moléculas Leiva, Ezequiel Pedro M.; Estrin, Dario Ariel La química computacional utiliza los modelos matemáticos de la química teórica y los procesa por computadora para entender la estructura y las propiedades de las sustancias que analiza. Resolviendo las ecuaciones que los forman, esos modelos permiten comprender las interacciones entre átomos y moléculas, así como predecir comportamientos de la materia que resulta difícil estudiar en el laboratorio. El método es potencialmente aplicable a la resolución de cualquier problema químico.

Modelling diffusion and adsorption of As species in Fe/GAC adsorbent beds Sigrist, Mirna Edit; Beldomenico, Horacio Ramon; Tarifa, Enrique Eduardo; Pieck, Carlos Luis; Vera, Carlos Roman Background: Arsenic decontamination of drinking water by adsorption is a simple and robust operation. When designing packed bed adsorbers for arsenic, the main problems are the slow diffusion kinetics of As in microporous media and the lack of simple equations for predicting the performance of the equipment. Commercial iron-doped granular activated carbon adsorbents (Fe/GAC) for groundwater arsenic abatement were studied in this work. Basic parameters for arsenate (AsV) adsorption were measured and their performance at larger scale was simulated with an approximate analytical model. Results: In the 0-300 μgAs L-1 range, the AsV adsorption isotherm on Fe/GAC was found to be approximately linear. Assuming Henry's law for adsorption and homogeneous surface diffusion with constant diffusivity for intrapellet mass transfer, an approximate model for flow and adsorption of arsenate inside packed bed adsorbers was developed, and reduced to an analytic compact solution using the quasi-lognormal distribution (Q-LND) approximation. The use of this model with fitted and reported parameters enabled the approximate simulation of industrial adsorbers and home point-of-use filters. Results show that industrial adsorbers meet the breakthrough condition with incomplete utilization of the adsorbent unless convenient process configurations are used. In point-of-use systems with short residence times intraparticle diffusion would drastically reduce the adsorbent performance. Conclusion: Assuming linear adsorption of AsV over Fe/GAC, an analytical approximate solution for flow and adsorption in packed beds can be obtained. The model seems to represent correctly the main features of industrial and home filters, however, more experimental data is necessary for scale-up purposes.

Fluidez verbal según tipo de tarea, intervalo de tiempo y estrato socioeconómico, en niños escolarizados; Verbal Fluency according to task type, time interval and socioeconomic status in school-aged children Arán Filippetti, Vanessa Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la fluidez verbal (FV) según tipo de tarea (semántica vs. fonológica), intervalo de tiempo (1-15seg. vs. 16-30seg. vs. 31-45seg. vs. 46-60seg.) y estrato socioeconómico (medio vs. bajo) en niños escolarizados. Se trabajó con una muestra de 248 niños de 8 a 12 años de edad de diferentes estratos socioeconómicos (ESE). Se administraron el test de FV semántica (FVS) y fonológica (FVF) y otras pruebas cognitivas para evaluar posibles asociaciones. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas según el ESE en el número total de palabras generadas en ambos tipos de FV y en función del tiempo. Los niños de estrato socioeconómico bajo presentaron más dificultades para generar palabras en la FVF y a partir de los 16 segundos en donde se ponen en juego los procesos controlados. Se analizó además la relación entre diferentes variables socioeconómicas y la FV y se encontró que el nivel de instrucción de la madre fue el único predictor significativo. Finalmente, los resultados revelaron que el lenguaje, la inteligencia y otras funciones ejecutivas predicen la FV aunque con diferencias según el tipo de tarea semántica o fonológica. Se discuten los resultados en función de la utilidad de la tarea como medida del procesamiento cognitivo y del impacto que tiene el ESE sobre el procesamiento controlado y el funcionamiento ejecutivo.; The aim of this study was to analyze verbal fluency (VF) according to task type (semantic vs. phonologic), time interval (1-15seg. vs. 16-30seg. vs. 31-45seg. vs. 46-60seg.) and socioeconomic status (medium vs. low) in school-aged children. The sample included 248 children aged between 8 and 12 years from different socioeconomic status (SES). Semantic and phonological VF tests and other cognitive tasks were administered in order to evaluate possible associations. The results indicated significant differences according to SES as regards the total number of words generated in both VF tasks and as a function of time. Children from lower socioeconomic status had demonstrated more difficulty in generating words in the phonological task, and since the 16 seconds where controlled processes are at stake. In addition, the relationship between different socioeconomic variables and VF was analyzed, and it was found that the level of instruction of the mother was the only significant predictor. Finally, the results revealed that language, intelligence and other executive functions predict VF performance, despite differences in terms of semantic or phonologic tasks. The results are discussed considering the usefulness of the task as a measure of cognitive processing and the impact that SES has on controlled processing and executive functioning.

Clasificación geomorfológica automatizada en terrazas del Noreste del Macizo Norpatagónico, Argentina; Automated classification of landforms on terraces of northeast Patagonian Massif, Argentina Genchi, Sibila Andrea; Carbone, Maria Elizabeth; Piccolo, Maria Cintia; Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E. Se realizó una clasificación automatizada de las geoformas en terrazas del noreste del Macizo Norpatagónico, Argentina. La clasificación se realizó mediante parametrización del relieve a partir del modelo digital de elevación del proyecto Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (NASA), a través del empleo de un Sistema de Información Geográfica. En este estudio se derivaron modelos digitales como el índice de posición topográfica (TPI) y pendiente, que se emplearon como base para la clasificación. Se realizaron sucesivos ajustes en la definición del TPI y de las reglas de clasificación de geoformas, apoyados en la supervisión de la cartografía, fotografías aéreas, imágenes satelitales y observaciones en el terreno. De acuerdo con la clasificación propuesta en este estudio, el área está dominada por las geoformas pendiente abierta y planicie, que alcanzan el 45 y 33% del área total, respectivamente. Las restantes clases geomorfológicas cubren superficies menores: lomas, cerros y sierras (8%); bajos, valles en V (7,5%); valles en U (3%) y pendiente alta (2,6%).; We made an automated classification of landforms on terraces of northeast Patagonian Massif, Argentina. Classification of landforms was carried out using parameterization of the relief from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model within a geographical information system. Digital models such as topographic position index (TPI) and slope derived from elevation data were employed as a basis for classification. Successive adjustments were made for TPI and classification rules, which were supervised base on aerial photographs, satellite imagery and survey of land. According to the classification proposed in the present study, the area is dominated by open slope and plain landforms, reaching 45 and 33% of the total area, respectively. The remaining classes occupy smaller areas: ridges, hills and mountains (8%), low, valleys in the form of V (7.5%); valleys in the form of U (3%) and high slope (2.6%).

Flooding effects on phosphorus dynamics in an Amazonian mangrove forest, Northern Brazil Mendoza, Ursula N.; Cruz, Cleise Cordeiro da; Menezes, Moirah; Lara, Ruben Jose Aims and methods We examined porewater salinity, soil redox potential (Eh), soil extractable phosphate (extr.-P), leaf phosphorus (leaf-P) and plant growth in relation to inundation frequency (IF) and mangrove species distributions along a 600 m transect in the Bragança Peninsula, North Brazil. Results The forest species composition changed across the tidal zone with Avicennia germinans dominating (99.1%) the high intertidal (HI) zone where the IF was 41–67 d.y−1 , Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa and A. germinans co-occured in the mid intertidal (MI), and a mixed R. mangle (47.1%) - A, germinans (41.2%) stand occupied the low intertidal (LI) zone with an IF of 124–162 d.y−1 . Low IF resulted in high Eh levels (200 mV) in the HI zone relative to the LI where Eh ranged from 0–100 mV. The IF showed a significant positive correlation with extr.-P (r=0,89; p=0.05) and a negative association with Eh (r=−0,75; p=0.05). Conclusion An ANCOVA confirmed that Eh and extr.P were influenced by flooding. Variations in these factors were reflected in patterns of P leaf tissue concentrations across the gradient; however, a MANCOVA showed that leaf-P was not related to tree height, tree volume or basal area. Waterlogging conditions, porewater salinity, and P dynamics in the sediment appear to influence the forest structure. We suggest that P availability plays an important role in controling mangrove species distributions but not their growth.

Prolonged exposure to growth hormone impairs insulin signaling in the heart. Miquet, Johanna Gabriela; Giani, Jorge Fernando; Martinez, Carolina Soledad; Muñoz, Marina Cecilia; Gonzalez, Lorena; Sotelo, Ana Isabel; Boparai, Ravneet K.; Masternak, Michal M.; Bartke, Andrzej; Dominici, Fernando Pablo; Turyn, Daniel Acromegaly is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, which is believed to be a direct consequence of chronically elevated GH and IGF1. Given that insulin is important for cardiac growth and function, and considering that GH excess induces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cardiac alterations, it is of interest to study insulin sensitivity in this tissue under chronic conditions of elevated GH. Transgenic mice overexpressing GH present cardiomegaly and perivascular and interstitial fibrosis in the heart. Mice received an insulin injection, the heart was removed after 2 min, and immunoblotting assays of tissue extracts were performed to evaluate the activation and abundance of insulin-signaling mediators. Insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) was conserved in transgenic mice, but the phosphorylation of IR substrate 1 (IRS1), its association with the regulatory subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and the phosphorylation of AKT were decreased. In addition, total content of the glucose transporter GLUT4 was reduced in transgenic mice. Insulin failed to induce the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). However, transgenic mice displayed increased basal activation of the IR/IRS1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38 signaling pathways along with higher serine phosphorylation of IRS1, which is recognized as an inhibitory modification. We conclude that GH-overexpressing mice exhibit basal activation of insulin signaling but decreased sensitivity to acute insulin stimulation at several signaling steps downstream of the IR in the heart. These alterations may be associated with the cardiac pathology observed in these animals.

Game approach to distributed model predictive control Giovanini, Leonardo Luis This study introduces a framework for distributed model predictive control (MPC) based on dynamic games, where centralised and decentralised control algorithms can be viewed as dynamical games with coupled control sets. The original optimisation problem is decomposed into smaller coupled optimisation problems in a distributed structure, which is solved iteratively. Then, the resulting dynamic game is analysed using the theory of potential games to derive the properties of the resulting algorithms. This sheds new light on the properties of existing MPC algorithms and allows us to establish a unified framework to analyse them. The control problem of a heat-exchanger network (HEN) is used to illustrate the effectiveness, practicality and limitations of the proposed framework.

Profetas a salto de mata Nespolo, Maria Jimena La voz es el punto en donde lo animal, lo humano y la cultura se cruzan. A partir de la voz, se exhibe y se efectúa el carácter ritual de la letra. Aquí se analizan distintos textos de la escena religiosa latinoamericana de fin de milenio, en el intento de discernir el horizonte simbólico e ideológico de las voces que la pueblan.

Aplicaciones no coronarias de la tomografía computada cardíaca; Non-Coronary Applications of Cardiac Computed Tomography Rodriguez Granillo, Gaston Alfredo; Ingino, Carlos; Cherro, Alejandro; Lambre, Hector; Lylyk, Pedro El gran valor predictivo negativo de la angiografía coronaria por tomografía computada multidetector (ACTCMD), ha llevado a la creciente incorporación del método en el algoritmo diagnóstico para pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad coronaria. Además, gracias a una adquisición volumétrica del área cardíaca y al gatillado electrocardiográfico, la ACTCMD permite simultáneamente, realizar reconstrucciones submilimétricas en todos los ángulos posibles y en distintos tiempos del ciclo cardíaco. Esto genera un escenario propicio para la evaluación morfológica y funcional, y abre un amplio abanico de aplicaciones no coronarias posibles; la mayoría de ellas evaluables durante el mismo estudio de las arterias coronarias, y sin requerimiento de contraste ni radiación adicional. La capacidad de evaluar simultáneamente morfología y función, permite una aproximación comprensiva de un amplio espectro de patologías mediante un mismo estudio.; Multi-detector row computed tomography coronary angiography (MDCT-CA) has been incorporated in the diagnostic algorithm of patients with suspected coronary artery disease due to its significant negative predictive value. In addiction, volume acquisition and ECG-cardiac gating allow submillimeter reconstructions in all possible angles at different time positions within the cardiac cycle. This produces a favorable scenario for the morphological and functional evaluation, and opens the possibility of using this technique in other territories; most of them can be evaluated during the study of the coronary arteries without requiring additional contrast agents or radiation. The capability of the method for the simultaneous evaluation or morphology and function allows a comprehensive approach of wide scope of conditions within the same study.