Screening Spring Wheat Genotypes for TaDreb-B1 and Fehw3 Genes under Severe Drought Stress at the Germination Stage Using KASP Technology Mohamed, Elsayed A.; Ahmed, Asmaa A. M.; Schierenbeck, Matías; Hussein, Mohamed Y.; Baenziger, P. Stephen; Börner, Andreas; Sallam, Ahmed Drought stress is a major yield-limiting factor throughout the world in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing losses of up to 80% of the total yield. The identification of factors affecting drought stress tolerance in the seedling stage is especially important to increase adaptation and accelerate the grain yield potential. In the current study, 41 spring wheat genotypes were tested for their tolerance to drought at the germination stage under two different polyethylene glycol concentrations (PEG) of 25% and 30%. For this purpose, twenty seedlings from each genotype were evaluated in triplicate with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a controlled growth chamber. The following nine parameters were recorded: germination pace (GP), germination percentage (G%), number of roots (NR), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot–root length ratio (SRR), fresh biomass weight (FBW), dry biomass weight (DBW), and water content (WC). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) among the genotypes, treatments (PEG25%, PEG30%) and genotypes × treatment interaction, for all traits. The broad-sense heritability (H2) estimates were very high in both concentrations. They ranged from 89.4 to 98.9% under PEG25% and from 70.8 to 98.7% under PEG30%. Citr15314 (Afghanistan) was among the best performing genotypes under both concentrations for most of the germination traits. Two KASP markers for TaDreb-B1 and Fehw3 genes were used to screen all genotypes and to study the effect of these on drought tolerance at the germination stage. All genotypes with Fehw3 (only) showed a better performance for most traits under both concentrations compared to other genotypes having TaDreb-B1 or having both genes. To our knowledge, this work is the first report showing the effect of the two genes on germination traits under severe drought stress conditions.

Colecciones Biológicas y virtualidad: un recurso para la enseñanza de la biodiversidad; Biological Collections and Virtuality: A Resource for Teaching Biodiversity; Coleções biológicas e virtualidade: um recurso para o ensino da biodiversidade Darrigran, Gustavo Alberto; Custodio Aufiero, Heliana Mailen; Legarralde, Teresa Inés; Vilches, Alfredo Martín La pérdida de la biodiversidad es un hecho, pero existe la tendencia en sociedades como argentina en desconocer este suceso. La educación es clave para revertir esta situación. Sobre esta base y a través del uso de Colecciones Biológicas en la formación del Profesorado de Ciencias Biológicas pertenecientes a las Universidades Nacionales y a los Institutos Superior de Formación Docentes, se plantea la problemática de la perdida de la biodiversidad en el aula. En este trabajo se presentan y discuten los aportes de las Colecciones Biológicas relacionadas con los conocimientos generados a través de la actividad científica y sus proyecciones en el campo educativo. Estas colecciones constituyen un recurso didáctico óptimo para fortalecer y aumentar la calidad de los procesos educativos, ya sea como instrumento para las clases presenciales como virtuales. Asimismo, se destaca que las Colecciones Biológicas por sí mismas no son material educativo, sin un docente que las utilice como tal y las introduzca en el circuito pedagógico. Por último, se destacan las Colecciones Biológicas virtuales como recursos didácticos útiles de implementar, ya que permiten romper barreras físicas, temporales y universales a través de la vinculación de material digitalizado y de internet.; The loss of biodiversity is a real fact; however, in societies such as Argentina there is a tendency that ignores this event. For that reason, education is key to reverse this situation. On this basis and through the use of biological collections in the training of future biological science teachers, belonging to National Universities and Higher Teacher Training Institutes, the problem of loss of biodiversity in classroom is raised. This review paper presents and discusses the contributions of biological collections related to the knowledge generated through scientific activity and its projections in the educational field. These collections constitute an optimal didactic resource to strengthen and increase the quality of educational processes, as an instrument for both face-to-face and virtual classes. Likewise, it should be noted that biological collections by themselves are not educational material, without a teacher who uses them and introduces them into the pedagogical circuit. Finally, virtual biological collections are highlighted as useful teaching resources to implement, since they break down physical and temporal barriers and universalise their use through the linking of digitalized material and the Internet.; A perda da biodiversidade é um fato, mas há uma tendência em sociedades como a Argentina de ignorar esse evento. portanto, a educação é fundamental para reverter esse quadro. Nesta base e através da utilização de Colecções Biológicas na formação de Professores de Ciências Biológicas das Universidades Nacionais e dos Institutos Superiores de Formação de Professores, coloca-se o problema da perda da biodiversidade na sala de aula. Neste artigo, são apresentadas e discutidas as contribuições das Coleções Biológicas relacionadas ao conhecimento gerado pela atividade científica e suas projeções no campo educacional. Essas coleções constituem um recurso didático ideal para fortalecer e aumentar a qualidade dos processos educacionais, seja como instrumento para aulas presenciais e virtuais. Da mesma forma, destaca-se que as Coleções Biológicas por si só não são material didático, sem um professor que as utilize como tal e as introduza no circuito pedagógico. Por último, as Coleções Biológicas virtuais destacam-se como recursos pedagógicos úteis a implementar, uma vez que permitem quebrar barreiras físicas, temporais e universais através da ligação de material digitalizado e da Internet.

Large magnetocaloric effect in the frustrated antiferromagnet EuIr2P2 Garcia, Daniel Julio; Franco, Diego Gaspar; Cornaglia de la Cruz, Pablo Sebastian We present a theoretical analysis of the magnetocaloric effect in the frustrated antiferromagnet EuIr2P2. Monte Carlo simulations indicate a large magnetic entropy change ΔSM max∼5 J kg−1 K−1 at T=2.45 K for a moderate change in the external magnetic field ΔB=1.2 Tesla. The highest value of ΔSM seems to be associated with the presence of a multicritical point in the magnetic field versus temperature phase diagram (at Bm∼1.2 Tesla and Tm∼2.2 K) but it persists with similar large values for a broad range of temperatures T≲Tm. Single crystal EuIr2P2 magnetization vs magnetic field experiments allowed us to obtain the magnetocaloric effect for T>2 K. The results are consistent with the theoretical analysis and show a large magnetocaloric effect for T∼2.5 K. Finally, we present a phenomenological Landau functional analysis that provides a simplified description of the phase diagram and of the magnetocaloric effect. Although the magnetic frustration in this system leads to a rich phase diagram, we found no clear indication that it plays a significant role enhancing the magneticaloric effect, other than by reducing the transition temperatures and fields.

Roger Chartier o el oficio como disposición mental Pasolini, Ricardo Oscar Puedo precisar claramente mi primer encuentro intelectual con las ideas de Roger Chartier pues me hallaba tomando mis cursos de grado en la Carrera de Historia en la Universidad Nacional del Centro, cuando unas egresadas recientes que habían hecho su experiencia doctoral en la École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales volvieron a mi facultad y dictaron un curso sobre la que por entonces se decía era la “nueva historia cultural”. Sería el año 1990 o 1991, y se trataba de las futuras colegas Orietta Zeberio y María Elba Argeri.

Desarrollo económico y soberanía monetaria ante la crisis de la globalización financiera y un nuevo orden internacional multipolar: Emergencia de nuevos polos de poder monetario ante la hegemonía del dólar (2008-2022) Dicósimo, Emiliano; Barranquero, Ignacio Nicolás En el siguiente trabajo analizaremos los cambios en el sistema económico y monetario internacional, en el contexto del surgimiento de un sistema multipolar a partir de la crisis económica mundial del 2008 a la actualidad. Donde, por un lado, este evento marca la crisis y contradicciones del capitalismo financiero y la mayor hegemonía del dólar estadounidense, que surgen tras la caída del orden monetario internacional de Bretton Woods, y por otro lado, por el surgimiento del grupo BRICS y la categoría de emergentes que acompaña dicho grupo.

Producción y consumo alternativo de alimentos: la búsqueda de la producción de un espacio diferencial; Alternative food production and consumption: the search for the production of a differential space in Argentina and Brazil Gonçalves Vieira, Sidney; Arzeno, Mariana Beatriz; Mendes de Oliveira, Giovana; Troncoso, Claudia El artículo reflexiona acerca de procesos en torno a la producción de alimentos que, iniciados y llevados adelante por diferentes actores en distintos contextos, generan transformaciones sociales y espaciales que pueden interpretarse como procesos de creación de espacios diferenciales. Tomamos dos casos que dan cuenta de la diversidad de expresiones que pueden tomar los procesos por los cuales diferentes actores, con distintas estrategias, en diferentes contextos desafían formas dominantes de organizar la producción de alimentos recurriendo a productos, técnicas y saberes asociados con lugares, culturas y tradiciones específicas. Estas experiencias han sido abordadas a partir de la generación de información empírica basada en entrevistas personales con los actores clave de estos procesos, así como la observación de los ámbitos productivos y de los eventos y lugares en que se concreta la producción y la comercialización de los productos. Ambos casos han sido analizados teniendo en cuenta dimensiones significativas de los procesos por los cuales se han generado transformaciones socio-espaciales que dan cuenta de la conformación de ámbitos diferentes a aquellos organizados por lógicas dominantes.; The article reflects on processes around food production that, initiated and carried out by different actors in different contexts, generate social and spatial transformations that can be interpreted as processes of creating differential spaces. We take two cases (traditional food production in Northern Argentina and urban gardens in Pelotas, Brazil) that account for the diversity of expressions that can take the processes by which different actors, with different strategies, in different contexts challenge dominant ways of organizing food production by resorting to products, techniques and knowledge associated with places, cultures and specific traditions. These experiences have been approached from the generation of empirical information based on personal interviews with the key actors in these processes, as well as the observation of the productive areas and the events and places where the production and the commercialization of the products takes place. Both cases have been analyzed taking into account significant dimensions of the processes by which sociospatial transformations have been generated that account for the conformation of spheres different from those organized by dominant logics.

Potential impacts of the Mercosur-EU agreement on the automotive value chains in Brazil and Argentina; Impactos potenciais do Acordo Mercosul-União Europeia Dulcich, Federico Martín This paper investigates the potential effects of the Mercosur-EU agreement for the automotive value chains in Argentina and Brazil, identifying the trade balance movements of each partner. Its main results point to an improved trade balance in most automotive and auto parts products for the EU. Besides differences in international competitiveness, other factors prompt these results, such as differences in production scale between partners, greater tariff preferences granted by Mercosur, greater potential demand for vehicles in Argentina and Brazil than in the EU, higher regulation requirements on product and process quality in the EU market, among others.; Este trabalho estuda os potenciais efeitos do acordo Mercosul-UE para a cadeia de valor automotiva na Argentina e no Brasil, identificando para onde se moverão as balanças comerciais de cada um dos produtos de cada um dos sócios. Os principais resultados indicam que a UE melhorará sua balança comercial na grande maioria dos produtos automotivos e de autopeças. Além das diferenças de competitividade internacional, outros fatores impulsionam esses resultados, como as diferenças de escala de produção entre os sócios, as maiores preferências tarifárias concedidas pelo Mercosul, o maior potencial de demanda por veículos na Argentina e no Brasil do que na UE, os mais altos requisitos do mercado da UE em termos de regulamentações sobre a qualidade de produtos e processos, entre outros.

Montessori en la Argentina: una mirada histórica desde la prensa pedagógica; Montessori in Argentina: A Historical View from the Pedagogical Press; Montessori na Argentina: um olhar histórico desde a imprensa pedagógica Frechtel, Ignacio Javier Este artículo, resultado de investigación, indaga sobre la pedagogía de María Montessori en la Argentina desde la perspectiva de la historia de la educación. Para esto, se utilizaron como fuentes dos de las revistas pedagógicas más importantes de la primera mitad del siglo xx: El Monitor de la Educación Común y La Obra. La primera fue la revista oficial del Consejo Nacional de Educación,órgano de gobierno de la educación primaria nacional, mientras que la segunda fue impulsada por un grupo de docentes y fue la representación oficial de la Escuela Nueva en la Argentina. La investigación recorrió las páginas de estas dos revistas con el objetivo de encontrar indicios sobre la recepción entre el magisterio argentino de esta pedagogía que se internacionalizó a partir de la segunda década del siglo xx. Como producto de este recorrido, se pudieron conocer distintas formas de apropiaciónde la pedagogía de Montessori —así como las críticas a su propuesta—, y de su utilización como medio para la discusión de posiciones de poder en el campo pedagógico local.; This paper aims to inquire about the pedagogy of María Montessori in Argentina from the point of view of the history of education. In order to achieve this goal, the historical sources analyzed were two of the most critical journals in the first half of the 20th century: El Monitor de la Educación Común and La Obra. The first was the official review of the National Education Council, which oversaw Argentinian primary education as a government organ. The second was driven by a group of teachers and was formerly known as the official representation of the New School in Argentina. This investigation looks for marks and hints on the reception among Argentinean teachers of this pedagogy, internationalized since the second decade of the 20th century, over these two journals. As the main contribution, we learn about different ways of appropriation of Montessori’s pedagogy as well as the critics of her proposal and its usage to discuss positions of power in the local pedagogy field.; Este artigo investiga sobre a pedagogia de María Montessori na Argentina a partir da perspectiva da história da educação. Para isso, foram utilizadas como fontes duas das mais importantes revistas pedagógicas da primeira metade do século xx: El Monitor de la Educación Común e La Obra. A primeira foi a revista oficial do Conselho Nacional de Educação, órgão dirigente da educação primária nacional, enquanto a segunda foi promovida por um grupo de professores, sendo a representação oficial da Escuela Nueva na Argentina. A investigação percorreu as páginas dessas duas revistas, com o objetivo de encontrar indícios sobre a recepção que houve entre o professorado argentino dessa pedagogia que se internacionalizou a partir da segunda década do século xx. Como produto desse percurso, foi possível conhecer diferentes formas de apropriação da pedagogia de Montessori, bem como as críticas à sua proposta, e sua utilização como forma de discutir posições de poder no campo pedagógico local.

Formas, tecnología y estilos de la cerámica formativa del sitio Corral Grande 1 (2400-1100 años aP), Antofagasta de la Sierra, Argentina Casanova Menéndez, Martín Tomás; Pérez, Martina Inés; Grant Lett Brown, Jennifer Luisa Se presentan los resultados del análisis tecnológico, morfológico y estilístico de una muestra cerámica hallada en estratigrafía en una estructura del sitio Corral Grande 1, asignada al período Formativo regional (2400-1100 años aP), en Antofagasta de la Sierra (provincia de Catamarca, Argentina), Andes meridionales. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar distintos aspectos de la cerámica para explorar las potenciales diferencias funcionales de las vasijas en el marco de las actividades agropastoriles desarrolladas en el sitio, los patrones de movilidad y el uso del espacio en la región. Los análisis permitieron identificar una alta variabilidad de estilos tecnológicos en el total del conjunto, e inferir que las vasijas pudieron elaborarse para funciones de almacenaje de productos agrícolas, de cocción y servicio de alimentos. Los tiestos más pequeños y livianos pudieron transportarse en el marco de actividades de pastoreo y caza de camélidos. Las comparaciones a nivel regional evidenciaron similitudes tecnológicas y estilísticas con la cerámica de otros asentamientos, y características decorativas que indican la integración del sitio a escala regional e interregional.; This article presents the results of technological, morphological, and stylistic analysis of a stratigraphic assemblage of 547 pottery fragments. This assemblage came from an enclosure dating to the Regional Formative period (2400-1100 years BP) from the Corral Grande site in the Antofagasta de la Sierra region (Catamarca province, Argentina) in the southern Andes. The analysis aimed to characterize different features of the pottery and to explore the potential functions of the vessels within a framework of agropastoral activities carried out at the site, including patterns of mobility and use of space at a regional level. The analyses of technological aspects, such as ceramic thickness, types of firing, and clay texture; decorative aspects, such as surface treatments and decoration techniques; and morphological features allowed us to identify a high variability of technological styles within the assemblage. From the technological and morphological analyses, we inferred that the pottery could have been made for functions related to storage of agricultural products, cooking, and serving food. Smaller and lighter sherds could have been transported as part of herding and hunting of South American camelids. Comparisons at a regional level showed technological, stylistic, and decorative similarities with pottery from other settlements, and even with pottery from the low valley areas of Argentina. We interpret this as an indication of the social, economic, and cultural integration of the site at a regional and interregional scale.

Norm Inequalities via Convex and Log-Convex Functions Conde, Cristian Marcelo; Minculete, Nicusor; Moradi, Hamid Reza; Sababheh, Mohammad In this paper, we study the norm and skew angular distances in a normed space X, where convex functions are used to obtain refinements and reverses of some outstanding results in the literature. For example, in this regard, we show that if a, b∈ X are non-zero and if p, q> 0 are such that 1p+1q=1, then 2λ(pr∥a∥r+qr∥b∥r2-∥pa+qb2∥r)≤pr-1∥a∥r+qr-1∥b∥r-∥a+b∥r≤2μ(pr∥a∥r+qr∥b∥r2-∥pa+qb2∥r),where r≥ 1 , λ= min { 1 / p, 1 / q} and μ= max { 1 / p, 1 / q}. Then we explain how this result extends some known results in the literature. Many other related results will be also shown. Then, with the theme of convexity, we employ a log-convex approach on certain matrix functions to obtain improvements and new sights of some matrix inequalities, including possible bounds of ‖ AtXB1-t‖ , where A, B are positive definite matrices, X is an arbitrary matrix, ‖ · ‖ is a unitarily invariant norm and 0 ≤ t≤ 1. Many other results involving matrix and scalar log-convex functions will be presented too.

Alto y ancho vs. Superficie de trazo. Aportes técnicos y metodológicos para la medición del tamaño de motivos rupestres y su consideración en análisis cuantitativos: Aplicación en la cuenca alta y media del Río Quito, provincia de San Luis Oliván, Augusto Santiago Los estudios arqueológicos sobre arte rupestre consideran diversas variables, tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas. Entre ellas, el tamaño de los motivos suele ser una de las más frecuentemente utilizadas. En general, esta variable se mide a partir del alto y ancho del cuadrante más pequeño en el cuál puede ser incluido un motivo. Esta técnica de medición permite dar cuenta del espacio que ocupa un motivo específico en un panel, pero tiene la limitación de no informar sobre el desarrollo de los trazos al interior del cuadrante medido. Si bien, al integrar esta variable con otras, como el tratamiento (lineal, plano o puntiforme) podemos tener una idea más acercada del trabajo involucrado en la realización del motivo, perdemos el potencial que puede ofrecer un dato cuantitativo en el análisis de las imágenes rupestres.En este trabajo proponemos una serie de herramientas técnicas que permiten calcular, en cm2, la superficie de los trazos que componen a un motivo o a cualquier otra unidad de análisis rupestre (agrupamiento, panel, sitio, entre otras posibles). Se construye así un dato que, hasta el momento, no ha sido considerado en los estudios arqueológicos del arte rupestre. A partir de allí se abren una serie de posibilidades para el análisis y las comparaciones cuantitativas, ya que tanto a nivel de las categorías tipológicas como de la cantidad total de arte en un panel, sitio, localidad, etc., el N de motivos puede ser reemplazado por la superficie de trazos. Consideramos que la inclusión de esta variable aporta una nueva herramienta para, en conjunto con otras, ponderar la relevancia de cualquier conjunto rupestre. Para ilustrar algunas de las potencialidades de esta técnica de medición, exponemos un caso de estudio de la provincia de San Luis.

The Misfortunes of a Genre: Prins by César Aira as an Allegory of the Gothic García, José Mariano The gothic genre in Latin American literature has been the object of fashionable interest in recent decades and seems to absorb all the elements of the politically correct agenda; however, in the current trend of absolute presentism that seems regular in the critics, it is not taken into account that there exists a previous tradition more or less connected with its European sources but in search of its own cultural character. I would like to comment on some specifically gothic novels published in Argentina between the 1980s and the 1990s, as well as a recent one by the prolific writer César Aira. Prins can be analyzed as an ambiguous culmination of the gothic tendency, as well as a symptom of the disorientation of a genre that threatens to become a label as broad as it is empty.

Adsorption and thermal transformation of lignin model compound (ferulic acid) over HY zeolite surface studied by temperature programmed desorption mass-spectrometry, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy Pazo Cepeda, Maria Victoria; Nastasiienko, N. S.; Kulik, T. V.; Palianytsia, B. B.; Alonso, E.; Aspromonte, Soledad Guadalupe The adsorption of an aqueous solution of ferulic acid (FA) on protonic zeolites was studied. Three different types of zeolites and adsorption parameters (time, solid/liquid ratio, temperature and pH) were analyzed and optimized. The HY zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 12) showed an adsorption percentage of 90% at 30 °C, 5 min, 10 g L−1 and pH ≤ 3. The adsorption complexes structures on the molecular adsorbates were determined by UV–Vis DRS and FTIR spectroscopies. The FA molecule interacted through phenol and carboxyl group forming monodentate and bidentate surfaces complexes (bridge and chelate). Temperature programmed desorption mass-spectrometry (TPD MS) has been used to study the decarboxylation, demethoxylation, and transalkylation processes during pyrolysis of FA surface complexes with the formation of carbon dioxide, 4-vinylguaiacol, methanol, methane, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and others.

Locality, Realism, Ergodicity and Randomness in Bell’s Experiment Hnilo, Alejandro Andrés Assuming that there is no way of sending signals propagating faster than light and that free will exists, the loophole-free observed violation of Bell’s inequalities demonstrates that at least one of three fundamental hypotheses involved in the derivation and observation of the inequalities is false: Locality, Realism, or Ergodicity. An experiment is proposed to obtain some evidence about which one is the false one. It is based on recording the time evolution of the rate of non-random series of outcomes that are generated in a specially designed Bell’s setup. The results of such experiment would be important not only to the foundations of Quantum Mechanics, but they would also have immediate practical impact on the efficient use of quantum-based random number generators and the security of Quantum Key Distribution using entangled states.

El gabinete y sus elencos: Expertise, destrezas políticas y anclajes sociales en los ministerios argentinos (1983-2019); The cabinet and its casts: Expertise, political skills and social anchors in the Argentine ministries (1983-2019); O ganinete e seus moldes: Expertise, habilidades politicas e áncoras sociais nos ministérios argentinos (1983-2029) Gené, Mariana Los estudios sobre gabinetes de ministros en América Latina crecieron durante la última década. En línea con esa bibliografía, este artículo analiza las características de las elites ministeriales en Argentina desde la vuelta de la democracia, con especial énfasis en el tipo de expertise, las destrezas y los anclajes sociales que priman en los distintos tipos de ministerios. Se subraya la diversidad de interlocutores y de tareas que caracterizan a cada cartera, y la íntima relación de los perfiles ministeriales con aquellos desafíos específicos. En especial, se muestra que las distintas áreas de intervención que delimitan los diferentes ministerios (“sociales”, “económicos” o “políticos”, según la clasificación de Altman, 2008) se corresponden con perfiles profesionales, destrezas y anclajes sociales específicos por parte de sus ministros. La información proviene de una base de datos original sobre las trayectorias sociales, educativas y político-profesionales de los ministros desde la vuelta de la democracia hasta 2019, así como de archivos de prensa sobre cada período, bibliografía especializada y material secundario.; Studies on cabinets of ministers in Latin America have grown significantly in the last decade. This article analyzes the characteristics of ministerial elites and their paths in Argentina, with special emphasis on the type of expertise, skills and social anchors that prevail in the different types of ministries. Emphasis is placed on the interlocutors and the type of tasks that each portfolio undertakes, and on the relationship of ministerial profiles with those challenges. In particular, it is shown that the different areas of intervention ("social", "economic" or "political", according to Altman's classification, 2008) correspond to specific professional profiles, skills and social anchors on the part of their ministers. The information comes from an original database on the social, educational and political-professional trajectories of the ministers from 1983 until 2019, as well as from press archives on each period, specialized bibliography and secondary material.; Estudos sobre gabinetes de ministros na América Latina têm crescido significativamente na última década. Este artigo analisa as características das elites ministeriais e suas carteiras na Argentina, com ênfase especial no tipo de especialização, habilidades e âncoras sociais que prevalecem nos diferentes tipos de ministérios. A ênfase é colocada nos interlocutores e no tipo de tarefas que caracterizam cada carteira, e na relação dos perfis ministeriais com esses desafios. Em particular, é mostrado que as diferentes áreas de intervenção que delimitam os diferentes ministérios ("social", "econômico" ou "político", segundo a classificação de Altman, 2008) correspondem a perfis profissionais, habilidades e âncoras sociais específicas por parte de seus ministros. As informações vêm de um banco de dados original sobre as trajetórias sociais, educacionais e político-profissionais dos ministros desde o retorno da democracia até 2019, bem como de arquivos de imprensa sobre cada período, bibliografia especializada e material secundário.

Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate Waste Agüero, Ángel; Corral Perianes, Esther; Abarca de las Muelas, Sara Soledad; Lascano, Diego; de la Fuente García Soto, María del Mar; Peltzer, Mercedes Ana; Balart, Rafael; Arrieta, Marina Patricia In this study, yerba mate waste (YMW) was used to produce a kombucha beverage, and the obtained microbial cellulose produced as a byproduct (KMW) was used to reinforce a mechanically recycled poly(lactic acid) (r-PLA) matrix. Microbial cellulosic particles were also produced in pristine yerba mate for comparison (KMN). To simulate the revalorization of the industrial PLA products rejected during the production line, PLA was subjected to three extrusion cycles, and the resultant pellets (r3-PLA) were then plasticized with 15 wt.% of acetyl tributyl citrate ester (ATBC) to obtain optically transparent and flexible films by the solvent casting method. The plasticized r3-PLA-ATBC matrix was then loaded with KMW and KMN in 1 and 3 wt.%. The use of plasticizer allowed a good dispersion of microbial cellulose particles into the r3-PLA matrix, allowing us to obtain flexible and transparent films which showed good structural and mechanical performance. Additionally, the obtained films showed antioxidant properties, as was proven by release analyses conducted in direct contact with a fatty food simulant. The results suggest the potential interest of these recycled and biobased materials, which are obtained from the revalorization of food waste, for their industrial application in food packaging and agricultural films.

Los pícaros godos: participación y experiencias de jefes y soldados realistas durante la guerra en el espacio sur-andino. 1809-1825; The rogue goths: participation and experiences if realistic figthers during the war in the south-andean space. 1809-1825 Davio, Marisa El objetivo de este artículo es el análisis de la participación y movilización de aquellos jefes y soldados pertenecientes al ejército del Rey que actuaron en la guerra revolucionaria en el espacio sur-andino. A partir del estudio de diferentes casos, se pretende comprender las experiencias de guerra y el grado de identificación de estos actores con esta causa política durante el proceso de lucha contra el bando revolucionario. La cuestión si las convocatorias emitidas por los jefes y oficiales repercutieron en las tropas para lograr identificarlas con la causa política a defender, señala una problemática que viene debatiéndose desde hace algunas décadas en la historiografía americana y española.; The objective of this article is the analysis of the participation and mobilization of those chiefs and soldiers belonging to the King’s army who acted in the revolutionary war in the South-Andean space. From the study of different cases, it is intended to understand the experiences of the war and the degrees of indication of these actors with the political cause during the processes of struggle against the revolutionary side. The question whether the summons issued by the chiefs and officers had an impact on the troops to identify them with the political cause to defend, point to a problem that has been debated for some decades in American and Spanish historiography.

Isotopic comparison and correlation of δ13C between bulk wood and cellulose of Vitis vinifera L. Roig Puscama, Federico Ariel; Berli, Federico Javier; Bois, Benjamin; Mathieu, Olivier; Roig Junent, Fidel Alejandro; Piccoli, Patricia Noemí This study aims to compare the δ13C isotopic signal between bulk wood and α-cellulose in wood samples from the main trunk of Vitis vinifera L. to verify whether α-cellulose extraction is necessary for ecophysiological studies in this species. A pool of samples from different cultivars and provenances was analysed. The wood samples were obtained from cross sections of the main trunk of the plants, from where the annual growth rings were anatomically recognised, dated to the year of formation, and then separated. Each ring comprised both early-and latewood portions. For each sample, a part was saved as bulk wood and another part was destined for α-cellulose extraction. The δ13C isotopic signal in both types of samples was performed on a Vario Micro Cube elemental analyser coupled to a continuous flow mode to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. A least squares regression was used to verify the correlation between the two variables. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of the isotopic signal for both types of samples was 0.86, and the slope of the regression line was not significantly different from one. Those results indicated that it is acceptable to use bulk wood instead of α-cellulose for δ13C isotopic studies in Vitis vinifera. This study is the first to compare isotopic δ13C signals between bulk wood and α-cellulose in grapevines. Therefore, this study constitutes a starting point to explore dendrochemical techniques based on the analysis of the δ13C content in Vitis vinifera wood, with the aim of deepening the ecophysiological knowledge of the grapevine in relation to water economy strategies and the links with climate variability and change.

El ascenso de Eva Perón en el peronismo y la cultura argentina, décadas de 1950 y 1960; Eva Perón’s rise in Peronist Politics and Argentine culture during the 1950s and the 1960s Ehrlich, Laura El artículo reconstruye la trayectoria seguida por la figura de Eva Perón durante la década larga que va de las primeras conmemoraciones de su muerte, organizadas bajo el impulso del Estado peronista, hasta la época de su consagración en capas más amplias de la cultura argentina, más allá de los contornos partidarios, en la segunda mitad los años sesenta. Se analiza, en primer término, cómo perduró y se transformó tras la expulsión del gobierno peronista del poder, el impulso inicial del funeral de Estado, cuando los homenajes pasaron a estar a cargo de actores peronistas no estatales, con finalidades y formatos diversos, y un sentido crecientemente desafiante del statu quo. En segundo lugar, se exploran las cualidades de Eva Perón enaltecidas por los diferentes emprendedores de conmemoraciones y por quienes se reivindicaron herederos de su legado, identificando las demandas y coyunturas diversas a las que se asoció su recuerdo. Al final se atiende al mercado editorial y periodístico como un contexto de producción y circulación de significados que permite entender por fuera de los confines del peronismo, la eclosión de una nueva figura revolucionaria de Eva Perón, en la Argentina de conflictiva modernización de los años sesenta.; This article studies the pathway of Eva Perón’s figure in Argentine culture during the period that goes from the early commemorations of her death, organized by the Peronist state initiative, to the time of larger impact in other spheres of Argentine culture, by the second half of the 1960’s. In the first place, the article analyses the survival and the changes that those homages experienced since the Peronist government downfall in 1955, when the tributes were carried out by different Peronist actors, and later when the purposes and shapes of the funerals became more diverse, with an increasingly defiant political significance. In the second place, the article analyzes the features of Eva Perón that were rescued in those rituals, with the aim of understanding the varied circumstances, demands and specific memories and actors to whom those appropriations were related. At the end, the article considers the publishing and press markets as one of the contexts of production and circulation of meanings about Eva Perón. The article states that those fields became a privileged space where a new revolutionary figure of Eva Perón emerged, inside the contentious modernization process, which took place during the Argentinian sixties.

A machine learning approach to address air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown in Buenos Aires, Argentina Diaz Resquin, Melisa; Lichtig, Pablo; Alessandrello, Diego; De Oto, Marcelo; Gómez, Darío; Rossler, Cristina Elena; Castesana, Paula Soledad; Dawidowski, Laura Elena Having a prediction model for air quality at a low computational cost can be useful for research, forecasting, regulatory, and monitoring applications. This is of particular importance for Latin America, where rapid urbanization has imposed increasing stress on the air quality of almost all cities. In recent years, machine learning techniques have been increasingly accepted as a useful tool for air quality forecasting. Out of these, random forest has proven to be an approach that is both well-performing and computationally efficient while still providing key components reflecting the nonlinear relationships among emissions, chemical reactions, and meteorological effects. In this work, we employed the random forest methodology to build and test a forecasting model for the city of Buenos Aires. We used this model to study the deep decline in most pollutants during the lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) pandemic by analyzing the effects of the change in emissions, while taking into account the changes in the meteorology, using two different approaches. First, we built random forest models trained with the data from before the beginning of the lockdown periods. We used the data to make predictions of the business-as-usual scenario during the lockdown periods and estimated the changes in concentrations by comparing the model results with the observations. This allowed us to assess the combined effects of the particular weather conditions and the reduction in emissions during the period when restrictions were in place. Second, we used random forest with meteorological normalization to compare the observational data from the lockdown periods with the data from the same dates in 2019, thus decoupling the effects of the meteorology from short-term emission changes. This allowed us to analyze the general effect that restrictions similar to those imposed during the pandemic could have on pollutant concentrations, and this information could be useful to design mitigation strategies. The results during testing showed that the model captured the observed hourly variations and the diurnal cycles of these pollutants with a normalized mean bias of less than 6 % and Pearson correlation coefficients of the diurnal variations between 0.64 and 0.91 for all the pollutants considered. Based on the random forest results, we estimated that the lockdown implied relative changes in concentration of up to −45 % for CO, −75 % for NO, −46 % for NO2, −12 % for SO2, and −33 % for PM10 during the strictest mobility restrictions. O3 had a positive relative change in concentration (up to an 80 %) that is consistent with the response in a volatile-organic-compound-limited chemical regime to the decline in NOx emissions. The relative changes estimated using the meteorological normalization technique show mostly smaller changes than those obtained by the random forest predictive model. The relative changes were up to −26 % for CO, up to −47 % for NO, −36 % for NO2, −20 % for PM10, and up to 27 % for O3. SO2 is the only species that had a larger relative change when the meteorology was normalized (up to 20 %). This points out the need for accounting not only for differences in emissions but also in meteorological variables in order to evaluate the lockdown effects on air quality. The findings of this study may be valuable for formulating emission control strategies that do not disregard their implication on secondary pollutants. We believe that the model itself can also be a valuable contribution to a forecasting system in the city and that the general methodology could also be easily applied to other Latin American cities as well. We also provide the first O3 and SO2 observational dataset in more that a decade for a residential area in Buenos Aires, and it is openly available at https://doi.org/10.17632/h9y4hb8sf8.1 (Diaz Resquin et al., 2021).