¿Con la democracia se educa? En democracia, los movimientos estudiantiles luchan por la educación Pis Diez, Nayla María; Seia, Guadalupe Andrea Nayla Pis Diez y Guadalupe Seia exponen los distintos mojones que caracterizan al movimiento estudiantil en el camino de cuarenta años de democracia. Estos mojones señalizan: las luchas por la democratización y acceso a la educación en los años ochenta; la resistencia a las políticas neoliberales en la década de 1990 y el crecimiento de los espacios de izquierdas; la oposición al legado de la Ley de Educación Superior en los gobiernos de Néstor y Cristina Kirchner, y las emergentes agrupaciones kirchneristas en la escuela media y en la universidad; la oposición al recorte presupuestario y al discurso del derroche de la ciencia y la educación en los años del gobierno de Macri. Finalmente, ya sin referencias a los gobiernos de turno, revisan el papel del estudiantado en el feminismo, y del feminismo en el estudiantado.

CHANCES: A CHileAN Cluster galaxy Evolution Survey Christopher Haines; Haines, Christopher; Jaffé, Yara; Tejos, Nicolás; Monachesi, Antonela; Pompei, Emanuela; Finoguenov, Alexis; Sifón, Cristóbal; Lopez, Sebastian; Manjunatha, Amrutha Belwadi; Bilton, Lawrence; Comparat, Johan; Cuellar, Rodrigo; D’Ago, Giuseppe; Demarco, Ricardo; Lima-Dias, Ciria; Lösch, Elismar; Merluzzi, Paola; Smith Castelli, Analia Viviana; Sodré, Laerte; Vinicius, Erik CHANCES, the CHileAN Cluster galaxy Evolution Survey, will study the evolution of galaxies in and around ~ 150 massive galaxy clusters, from the local Universe out to z ~ 0.45. It will target ~ 300 000 rAB < 20.5 galaxies with 4MOST, providing comprehensive spectroscopic coverage of each cluster out to 5r200 in synergy with eROSITA. Its wide and deep scope will trace massive and dwarf galaxies from the surrounding filaments and groups to the cores of galaxy clusters, enabling the study of galaxy pre-processing and the role of the evolving environment on galaxies. We will also study the effect of clusters on the cold circumgalactic medium by targeting 50 000 cluster–QSO pairs.

Baseline metals concentration in the sea star Anasterias minuta in San Matías Gulf, Atlantic Ocean; Concentración de metales de referencia en la estrella de mar Anasterias minuta en el Golfo San Matías, Océano Atlántico Arribas, Lorena Pilar; Marquez, Federico; Brogger, Martin Ignacio; Bigatti, Gregorio Los ambientes contaminados con metales pueden inducir a la acumulación de metales trazas en los tejidos blandos de la fauna marina, resultando en efectos negativos. La estrella de mar incubadora Anasterias minuta es una de las especies de depredadores superiores de macroinvertebrados más conspicuas en las costas rocosas de la Patagonia Atlántica que podría acumular elementos traza y usarse como biomonitor de la contaminación costera por metales. El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio fue cuantificar las concentraciones de metales en las gónadas de poblaciones de A. minuta en un área con impacto antrópico y en un Área Natural Protegida. Las estrellas de mar A. minuta fueron recolectadas de dos poblaciones intermareales rocosas del Golfo San Matías, cerca de un muelle de carga de mineral de hierro en Punta Colorada (PC), y en el Área Natural Protegida Puerto Lobos (PL), ubicada 35 km al sur de PC. Los metales esenciales Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr y Ni, y los metales no esenciales Cd y As estuvieron presentes en las gónadas de ambas poblaciones de A. minuta. Sin embargo, el metal esencial Co y el metal no esencial Pb fueron solo detectados en el Área Natural Protegida PL, con valores inferiores al límite de cuantificación en PC. Dado que las altas concentraciones de metales pueden tener un impacto negativo en las poblaciones de estrellas de mar y los hábitats costeros, estos datos de metales obtenidos de las gónadas de las poblaciones de A. minuta podrían ser útiles como referencia para comenzar un programa de monitoreo en áreas urbanizadas y marinas protegidas.; : Environments contaminated with metals can induce accumulation of trace metals in soft tissues of marine fauna resulting in negative effects. The oral brooding sea star Anasterias minuta is one of the most conspicuous macro-invertebrate top-predator species in the Atlantic Patagonian rocky shores that could accumulate trace elements and be used as biomonitor of coastal metal pollution. The aim of this study was to quantify metals concentrations on gonads of A. minuta populations in an anthropogenic impacted and in a natural protected area. Sea stars A. minuta were collected from two rocky intertidal populations in San Matías Gulf, near an iron-ore loading wharf at Punta Colorada (PC), and in the Natural Protected Area Puerto Lobos (PL), located 35 km south to PC. The essential metals Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni, and the non-essential metal Cd and As were present in gonads of A. minuta from both populations. However, the essential metal Co and the non-essential metal Pb were only detected in the Natural Protected Area PL, with values below to quantification limit at PC. As high metal concentrations can impact negatively on sea star populations and shore habitats, this metal survey obtained from gonads of A. minuta populations could be useful as a reference to start a monitoring program in urbanized and marine protected areas.

Malvinas 40 años después: Movimientos posibles en una guerra de posiciones Guber, Rosana La Antropología y la Historia compartimos abordajes desde la singularidad de escenas, situaciones y relaciones sociales. Malvinas fue una guerra que sucedió hace 40 años, entre las Fuerzas Armadas de dos estados nacionales. La primera cuestión que abordaré aquí es qué hace una antropóloga en la temática. La segunda será cómo esta antropóloga fue identificando algunos problemas que nos dificultan comprender e investigar la guerra de 1982 a los académicos argentinos.; This article shows the contributions of Social Anthropology and Ethnography in a typically historical issue such as the Anglo-Argentine conflict of 1982 over the Malvinas/Falkland Islands and the South Atlantic archipelagoes. Through a historical review, this text reconstructs the construction of the positions that came to “solve” the paradox underlying this war and its subsequent memory: it was the dictatorship of the self-called National Reorganization Process (1976- 1983) that carried out the recovery of the Malvinas Islands, with the popular support of the whole country. Despite this 40-year-postwar, these positions remain unshakable and prevent us from understanding that war and, above all, how it was possible.

Low-dose N-acetyl cysteine prevents paraquat-induced mortality in Caenorhabditis ele-gans Gonzales Moreno, Candelaria; Fernandez Hubeid, Lucia Eugenia; Holgado, Andrea; Virgolini, Miriam Beatriz Exposure to the herbicide paraquat (PQ; 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride) affects the redox balance of the cell, an effect that can be restored by antioxidants, including N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). One hour of exposure to PQ (0 mM, 10 mM, 50 mM, or 100 mM) dose-dependently increased mortality in Caenorhabditis elegans after exposure (immediate toxicity), while this effect was more evident 24 hours thereafter (delayed toxicity). Importantly, pretreatment with NAC 0.5 mM for one hour partially prevented mortality in the immediate assay, while it had no effect in the delayed test, revealing the importance of long-term studies when evaluating toxicity.

Los aportes de la perspectiva decolonial al análisis de los movimientos sociales: El caso de la Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras NO+AFP de Chile (2012-2019); Contributions of the Decolonial Perspective to the Analysis of Social Movements: The Case of the Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras NO+AFP de Chile (2012-2019) Soto Pimentel, Verónica Paz Este artículo presenta los aportes de la perspectiva decolonial al análisis de los movimientos sociales, e indaga en los saberes que la Coordinadora NO+AFP utilizó para disputar el sistema de pensiones de capitalización individual chileno entre 2012 y 2019. Para ello, se reconstruye la trayectoria de este movimiento mediante una metodología cualitativa y la realización de entrevistas en profundidad y análisis de contenido. Buscando colapsar la frontera entre doxa y episteme, se identifican los saberes de la Coordinadora que emergen de las experiencias y opiniones de sus protagonistas, de saberes científicos y de los significados materiales e ideales que tienen sus reclamos.; In this article I present the contributions of decolonial perspective to the analysis of social movements and I investigate the knowledge that the “Coordinadora NO+AFP” used to dispute the Chilean pension system, based on the individual capitalization, between 2012 and 2019. To do this, I reconstruct the trajectory of this movement through a qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews, and content analysis. I identify the knowledge of the “Coordinadora” that emerges from the opinions of its protagonists, from scientific knowledge, and from the material, and ideal meanings that their claims have, in the frame of implementation of a pension system from the modernity/coloniality logic.

Chondrichthyans from the southern tip of South America with emphasis on the marine protected area Namuncurá-Burdwood Bank: exploring egg nursery grounds Matusevich, Florencia; Vazquez, Diego Martin; Gabbanelli, Valeria; Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín; Mabragaña, Ezequiel The Burdwood Bank (BB) is a subantarctic area, where two of the three Marine Protected Areas (MPA) of the Argentinean Exclusive Economic Zone are located: Namuncurá I, and Namuncurá II. The area is characterized by a high biodiversity of benthic invertebrates and teleost fishes; however, the available information on oviparous chondrichthyans is scarce. The aim of this study is to explore the potential reproductive use that oviparous chondrichthyans could make of the area based on the presence of egg-laying grounds. Additionally, we aim to provide an updated checklist of the species that inhabit the BB. Samples of specimens and egg capsules collected in four research cruises carried out between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. Six skate species were found in both MPAs: Amblyraja doellojuradoi, Bathyraja albomaculata, B. brachyurops, B. macloviana, B. scaphiops, and Psammobatis rudis; whereas B. cousseauae, and B. magellanica were found exclusively in Namuncurá I, and B. multispinis in Namuncurá II. Here we report, for the first time, the presence of egg-laying grounds for five chondrichthyan species in the BB area: A. doellojuradoi, B. brachyurops, B. macloviana, B. scaphiops, and P. rudis. The results obtained highlighted the importance of the region for the conservation of oviparous chondrichthyans found in the southern Patagonian shelf.

El libro como paradigma de lectura unitaria de las historias del Ms. Esc. h-I-13 en el contexto de los estudios actuales sobre miscelánea medieval; The book as a paradigm of unitary reading of the stories of Escorial Ms. H-I-13 Zubillaga, Carina Alejandra A partir del análisis de la figura del libro que cierra la vida de santa Marta que integra el Ms. h-I-13 de la Biblioteca de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, y que remite a su muerte como paradigma de vida cristiana que se reitera en los demás protagonistas de las historias que asimismo componen el códice, el presente trabajo ahonda en la función prologal y la propuesta de lectura de esa imagen del libro santo, en su asociación con los manuscritos misceláneos en la Edad Media y los estudios actuales acerca de la producción, la transmisión y la recepción de los códices que reúnen varios textos.; Based on the analysis of the figure of the book that closes the life of Saint Marta that is part of Escorial Manuscript h-I-13, and that refers to her death as a paradigm of Christian life that is reiterated in the other protagonists of the stories that also make up the codex, this work delves into the prologue function and the reading proposal of that image of the holy book, in its association with miscellaneous manuscripts in the Middle Ages and current studies about production, transmission and reception of codices that bring together various texts.

Metals, pesticides, and emerging contaminants on water bodies from agricultural areas and the effects on a native amphibian Peluso, Julieta; Martínez Chehda, Agostina; Olivelli, Melisa Soledad; Ivanic, Federico Martín; Perez Coll, Cristina Silvia; Gonzalez, Florencia; Valenzuela, Lautaro; Cristos, Diego Sebastián; Rojas, Dante Emanuel; Butler, Matias; Candal, Roberto Jorge; Aronzon, Carolina Mariel In the Paraná River lower basin, an important agro-productive area of Argentina, crop fields and cattle breeding activities are common and may affect water quality. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the impacts of cattle breeding and agricultural activities on a stream from Buenos Aires, through physicochemical parameters (metals, pesticides, and emerging contaminants) and ecotoxicological parameters with Rhinella arenarum larvae, a native amphibian species. Three sites were selected on an ordinary plain stream that goes through agricultural fields and a cattle breeding establishment (upstream ?S1-, near ?S2- and downstream ?S3- the establishment). Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ (in water) and in laboratory (in water and sediment samples: metals, pesticides, ivermectin and oxytetracycline). A semi-static chronic toxicity bioassay (504 h) was performed with water samples, and neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers were measured after acute exposure (96 h). According to the index, a degradation in the water quality was observed in all sites. Ivermectin (8.03 mg/kg) and oxytetracycline (1.9 mg/kg) were detected in sediment samples from S2. Pesticides were detected in all sites, mainly in water samples: S1 presented the highest variability (7 residues) and in S3 AMPA, glyphosate and acetochlor concentrations were higher (10.3, 22.4 and 23.8 μg/L). Also, all sites significantly produced lethality at chronic exposure. Lethality at 504h was 40% for S1, 56.66% for S2 and 93.33% for S3. At acute exposure, the oxidative stress biomarkers were altered on R. arenarum larvae exposed to all sites and the neurotoxicity biomarkers were altered on larvae exposed to S1 and S3. Water quality was severely degraded by the surrounding agricultural and cattle breeding activities, which may represent a threat to the ecosystems.

Cuatro ideas para pensar la relación entre plataformas digitales y territorio Lerena Rongvaux, Natalia María El artículo presenta cuatro ideas abiertas que invitan a desafiar nuestra imaginación geográfica para pensar la emergencia de las plataformas en la producción y el espacio de la vida cotidiana. Las plataformas están reconfigurando los espacios de acumulación capitalista, y les usuaries producimos valor con nuestra sola existencia y circulación, a través de cartografías vivas. El “urbanismo de plataformas” impulsa nuevas formas de uso, apropiación y mercantilización del espacio público, doméstico e invita a repensar las geografías de la vida cotidiana. Pero las transformaciones sociales y territoriales nunca van en un solo sentido: en la medida en que las plataformas se despliegan en territorios realmente existentes, son reguladas, transformadas, contestadas y hackeadas. En términos más abstractos, las plataformas nos desafían a sumar dimensiones para pensar la producción del espacio, por ejemplo, a través de espacios sociales híbridos.

Tortura del cuerpo e identidad comunitaria cristiana en el martirio de santa Catalina de Alejandría Zubillaga, Carina Alejandra La proyección como ideal comunitario cristiano del martirio de santa Catalina de Alejandría que forma parte del Ms. h-I-13 de la Biblioteca de San Lorenzo de El Escorial se analiza en el presente trabajo a partir de la tortura corporal no solo de la mártir, sino de aquellos personajes ligados al poder imperial que son asimismo martirizados, como los cincuenta sabios que contienden intelectualmente con la doncella, la propia esposa del emperador y el jefe del ejército con sus hombres. Las imágenes de fragmentación y reconstrucción corporal que configuran esta passio remiten a la Pasión de Cristo como modelo de redención y destacan su capacidad fecunda y su naturaleza testimonial, frente a las imágenes de un poder político imperial decadente y resquebrajado internamente.; This paper analyses the projection of the martyrdom of Saint Catherine of Alexandria that is part of Escorial MS h-I-13 as a Christian community ideal based on the corporal torture, not only of the martyr but of those characters linked to the imperial power who are also martyred, such as the 50 sages who intellectually contend with the maiden, the emperor’s wife and the head of the army with his men. The images of fragmentation and corporal reconstruction that make up this passio refer to the Passion of Christ as a model of redemption and highlight its fruitful capacity and its testimonial nature, compared to the images of a decaying and internally cracked imperial political power.

Shade avoidance in the context of climate change Casal, Jorge José; Fankhauser, Christian When exposed to changes in the light environment caused by neighboring vegetation, shade-avoiding plants modify their growth and/or developmental patterns to access more sunlight. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), neighbor cues reduce the activity of the photosensory receptors phytochrome B (phyB) and cryptochrome 1, releasing photoreceptor repression imposed on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) and leading to transcriptional reprogramming. The phyB-PIF hub is at the core of all shade-avoidance responses, whilst other photosensory receptors and transcription factors contribute in a context-specific manner. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 is a master regulator of this hub, indirectly stabilizing PIFs and targeting negative regulators of shade avoidance for degradation. Warm temperatures reduce the activity of phyB, which operates as a temperature sensor and further increases the activities of PIF4 and PIF7 by independent temperature sensing mechanisms. The signaling network controlling shade avoidance is not buffered against climate change; rather, it integrates information about shade, temperature, salinity, drought, and likely flooding. We, therefore, predict that climate change will exacerbate shade-induced growth responses in some regions of the planet while limiting the growth potential in others.

Lithium fluoride dissolution in sulfuric acid solution: Optimization and application in the extraction of lithium from fluorinated α-spodumene Resentera Beiza, Alexander Cristian Jesús; Rosales, Gustavo Daniel; Esquivel, Marcelo Ricardo Oscar; Rodriguez, Mario Humberto Fluorination processes have been presented as an alternative to Li extraction and recovery processes from minerals and electronic waste. One of the possible products is LiF, a salt insoluble in water. Depending on market demands, it may be necessary to transform it into another lithium compound for technological applications. In this work, LiF was synthesized from LiCl and HF and characterized by the XRD and Rietveld method. The dissolution of LiF in sulfuric acid solution was modeled and optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The operating parameters investigated for leaching LiF were the solid/liquid ratio (A), sulfuric acid concentration (B), and leaching time (C). A mathematical model was obtained using RSM to predict the response at any point in the experimental domain (R2 = 0.9970). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the reduced quadratic model indicated that A, B, and AB, A2, and B2 interactions were significant. The optimal conditions selected were A = 13.0 LiF g/L, B = 5% v/v and C = 15 min to obtain a LiF dissolution of 100 ± 1% in sulfuric acid. Furthermore, optimal acid leaching conditions were tested on the fluorination products of α-spodumene with NaF. The results indicated that 98 ± 3% of the LiF in the fluorination products dissolves in the acid medium, in agreement with RSM. These results indicate the potential to double the solid/liquid ratio and halve the acid concentration and time to leach lithium from fluorinated α-spodumene, compared to other reported processes.

Some essential issues in cancer biology Gandia, Daniel Enrique; Suárez, Cecilia Ana The search for a definitive cure for cancer is one of the most exciting challenges in the fields of genetics, cell biology, and tissue research. Cancer is a group of many different diseases with the ability to invade peripheral tissues and to metastasize to other parts of the body (with rare exceptions, such as glioma, which does not metastasize). In precision medicine, next-generation genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are now using to better elucidate the unique characteristics of a patient’s cancer for developing tailored and personalized treatment plans. Here, we describe some of the biological and molecular aspects of cancer that warrant special attention and support this new approach to care.

Microscopic lesions and modulation of gene expression in cervical medulla during BoAHV-1and BoAHV-5 infection: A mini-review Marin, Maia Solange; Rensetti, Daniel Ernesto; Burucúa, Mercedes María; Rosales, Juan José; Martinez Cuesta, Lucia; Pérez, Sandra Elizabeth Bovine herpesvirus (BoAHV) types 1 and 5 are closely-related neurotropic alpha-herpesviruses. BoAHV-1 generally causes respiratory and genital disease but can occasionally cause encephalitis. BoAHV-5 is the causative agent of non suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves. During neuroinvasion, both viruses reach the central and peripheral nervous system. While brain alterations are well-described, the changes that occur in the medulla have not been fully detailed. In this work, we integrated and analyzed the virological findings, the microscopic lesions and the changes that occur in the expression of genes related to the innate immunity, cell cycle and apoptosis in the cervical medulla of calves experimentally-infected with BoAHV-1 and BoAHV-5. This will contribute to the understanding of the differential neuropathogenesis of these alpha-herpesviruses of cattle.

Long-term stability in the circumpolar foraging range of a Southern Ocean predator between the eras of whaling and rapid climate change Derville, Solène; Torres, Leigh G.; Newsome, Seth Darnaby; Somes, Christopher J.; Valenzuela, Luciano Oscar; Vander Zanden, Hannah B.; Baker, C. Scott; Bérubé, Martine; Busquets-Vass, Geraldine; Carlyon, Kris; Childerhouse, Simon J.; Constantine, Rochelle; Dunshea, Glenn; Flores, Paulo A. C.; Goldsworthy, Simon D.; Graham, Brittany; Groch, Karina; Gröcke, Darren R.; Harcourt, Robert; Hindell, Mark A.; Hulva, Pavel; Jackson, Jennifer A.; Kennedy, Amy S.; Lundquist, David; Mackay, Alice I.; Neveceralova, Petra; Oliveira, Larissa; Ott, Paulo H.; Palsbøll, Per J.; Patenaude, Nathalie J.; Rowntree, Victoria; Sironi, Mariano; Vermeuelen, Els; Watson, Mandy; Zerbini, Alexandre; Carroll, Emma L. Assessing environmental changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems is difficult due to its remoteness and data sparsity. Monitoring marine predators that respond rapidly to environmental variation may enable us to track anthropogenic effects on ecosystems. Yet, many long-term datasets of marine predators are incomplete because they are spatially constrained and/or track ecosystems already modified by industrial fishing and whaling in the latter half of the 20th century. Here, we assess the contemporary offshore distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator, the southern right whale (SRW, Eubalaena australis), that forages on copepods and krill from ~30°S to the Antarctic ice edge (>60°S). We analyzed carbon and nitrogen isotope values of 1,002 skin samples from six genetically distinct SRW populations using a customized assignment approach that accounts for temporal and spatial variation in the Southern Ocean phytoplankton isoscape. Over the past three decades, SRWs increased their use of mid-latitude foraging grounds in the south Atlantic and southwest (SW) Indian oceans in the late austral summer and autumn and slightly increased their use of high-latitude (>60°S) foraging grounds in the SW Pacific, coincident with observed changes in prey distribution and abundance on a circumpolar scale. Comparing foraging assignments with whaling records since the 18th century showed remarkable stability in use of mid-latitude foraging areas. We attribute this consistency across four centuries to the physical stability of ocean fronts and resulting productivity in mid-latitude ecosystems of the Southern Ocean compared with polar regions that may be more influenced by recent climate change.

The protective role of the microenvironment in hairy cell leukemia treatment: Facts and perspectives Gargiulo, Ernesto; Giordano, Mirta Nilda; Niemann, Carsten U.; Moussay, Etienne; Paggetti, Jérôme; Morande, Pablo Elías Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an incurable, rare lymphoproliferative hematological malignancy of mature B cAlthough first line therapy with purine analogues leads to positive results, almost half of HCL patients relapse after 5-10 years, and standard treatment may not be an option due to intolerance or refractoriness. Proliferation and survival of HCL cells is regulated by surrounding accessory cells and soluble signals present in the tumor microenvironment, which actively contributes to disease progression. In vitro studies show that different therapeutic approaches tested in HCL impact the tumor microenvironment, and that this milieu offers a protection affecting treatment efficacy. Herein we explore the effects of the tumor microenvironment to different approved and experimental therapeutic options for HCL. Dissecting the complex interactions between leukemia cells and their milieu will be essential to develop new targeted therapies for HCL patients.

Promoting spontaneous analogical transfer by idealizing target representations Trench, Juan Maximo; Tavernini, Lucía Micaela; Goldstone, Robert L. Recent results demonstrate that inducing an abstract representation of target analogs at retrieval time aids access to analogous situations with mismatching surface features (i.e., the late abstraction principle). A limitation of current implementations of this principle is that they either require the external provision of target-specific information or demand very high intellectual effort. Experiment 1 demonstrated that constructing an idealized situation model of a target problem increases the rate of correct solutions compared with constructing either concrete simulations or no simulations. Experiment 2 confirmed that these results were based on an advantage for accessing the base analog, and not merely an advantage of idealized simulations for understanding the target problem in its own terms. This target idealization strategy has broader applicability than prior interventions based on the late abstraction principle because it can be achieved by a greater proportion of participants and without the need to receive target-specific information. We present a computational model, SampComp, that predicts successful retrieval of a stored situation to understand a target based on the overlap of a random, but potentially biased, sample of features from each. SampComp is able to account for the relative benefits of base and target idealization, and their interaction.

Chemical Profile and Biological Potential of Hornodermoporus martius (Agaricomycetes) from Paraguay Campi Gaona, Michelle Geraldine; Mancuello, Claudia; Ferreira, Francisco; Ferreira, Williams; Maubet, Yanine; Cristaldo, Enzo; Vantrate, Braulio; Benítez, Darío; Granados, Alejandro Manuel; Robledo, Gerardo Lucio To further knowledge of the biological activity of native neotropical fungal species, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition and microbiological activity of Hornodermoporus martius. Ethanol, hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate fractions and the water residue were analyzed and resulted in a total phenolic compound content between 13 and 63 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of crude extract. The total antioxidants ranged between 3 and 19 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of crude extract, and the percentage of antioxidant activity was determined to be between 6 and 25%. A preliminary profile of compounds is provided for the first time for the species; the results from the nonpolar fraction showcased the presence of saturated and unsaturated acids, fatty alcohol, sterols, and cis-vaccenic acid. Our findings also revealed antimicrobial properties from compounds within the hexane and diethyl ether fractions at concentrations of 1 mg mL–1, which inhibited the growth of certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. For the first time in academic literature, our work analyzed and documented the chemical characteristics and microbial properties of H. martius, suggesting potential for medicinal applications.

Usos medicinales y alimenticios de flora introducida en el Chaco Seco argentino: Contrastes entre el conocimiento local y el científico; Medicinal and nutritional uses of flora introduced in the Argentine Dry Chaco: Contrasts between local and scientific knowledge Manzano García, Jessica; Jiménez Escobar, Néstor David; Martínez, Gustavo Javier; Luján, María Claudia Las especies introducidas generan preocupación mundial debido a que en muchos casos manifiestan su potencialidad como invasoras. Sin embargo, poco se conoce su importancia sociocultural e interacción biocultural. Por medio de entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, caminatas guiadas y observación participante se indagó sobre los principales usos y las valoraciones culturales de las plantas biogeográficamente introducidas en localidades del Chaco Seco (Catamarca y Córdoba). Se documentaron un total de 53 especies, 18 con uso medicinal y 40 alimenticias. Los tratamientos más recurrentes corresponden a trastornos digestivos y afecciones respiratorias; en las alimenticias se destacan aquellas de consumo directo. La mayoría de taxones con aplicaciones terapéuticas locales, coinciden con estudios teóricos sobre principios activos y sus efectos curativos. Finalmente, se concluye que, el origen biogeográfico de las especies es independiente de las valoraciones culturales mientras sean potencialmente aprovechables, además de reconocer que los conocimientos etnobotánicos basados en la experiencia fundamentan los usos encontrados desde la academia.; Introduced species generate worldwide concern due to in many cases manifest their potential as invasive as invasives. However, little is known about its sociocultural importance and biocultural interaction. Through open and semi-structured interviews, guided walks and participant observation, the main uses and cultural valuations of biogeographically introduced plants in localities of the Dry Chaco (Catamarca and Córdoba) were investigated. A total of 53 species were documented, 18 with medicinal use and 40 for food. The most recurrent treatments correspond to digestive disorders and respiratory conditions; in food, those for direct consumption stand out. Most taxa with local therapeutic applications coincide with theoretical studies on active principles and their curative effects. Finally, it is concluded that the biogeographic origin of the species is independent of the cultural valuations as long as they are potentially usable, in addition to recognizing that ethnobotanical knowledge based on experience supports the uses found from the academy.