Evaluar la efectividad de la levadura de cerveza subproducto de la industria cervecera como bioestimulante en hidroponía; Evaluate the effectiveness of brewer’s yeast by-product of the brewing industry as a biostimulant in hydroponics; Avaliar a eficácia do subproduto de levedura de cerveja da indústria cervejeira como bioestimulante em hidroponia Vazquez, Maria Magdalena; Quintana, Silvina; Medici, Sandra Karina; Gende, Liesel Brenda Es conocida la capacidad de algunos microorganismos de estimular el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. Sin embargo, el uso de levaduras de la industria cervecera como agentes promotores del crecimiento de plantas (PGPM, por sus siglas en inglés) ha sido brevemente estudiado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar y analizar el uso de la levadura residual de la fabricación de cerveza artesanal en cultivos hidropónicos. Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de dicha levadura en el crecimiento y desarrollo de Arabidopsis thaliana, Eruca vesicaria y Lactuca sativa en almácigos y en sistemas hidropónicos. Se observó un aumento significativo en el largo de la raíz principal luego del tratamiento con las suspensiones de levadura en A. thaliana y E. vesicaria crecidas en almácigos (SN 4.28 ± 0.15, S05 7.30 ± 0.29; SN 39.68 ± 2.20, S05 57.37 ± 2.80, respectivamente). En sistemas hidropónicos de raíz flotante, la inoculación de levadura a la solución hidropónica incrementó un 30 % el área radicular de L. sativa en relación con el control. Se concluye que la inoculación de S. cerevisiae cepa J14 aislada del residuo de la elaboración de cerveza, sola o incorporada a la solución nutritiva de sistemas hidropónicos, podría ser una herramienta biotecnológica como bioestimulante y/o promotor del crecimiento vegetal.; The ability of some microorganisms to stimulate the growth and development of plants is known. However, the use of residual yeast from the artisanal brewing industry as plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) has been briefly studied. The aim of this work was to characterize and analyze the use of residual yeast from the brewing industry in hydroponic vegetable crops. We evaluated the effects of yeast addition on plant growth of Eruca vesicaria, Arabidopsis thaliana y Lactuca sativa with this technique. A significant increase in the principal root length was observed after the treatment with the yeast suspensions in A. thaliana and E. vesicaria grown relative to the control (SN 4.28 ± 0.15, S05 7.30 ± 0.29; SN 39.68 ± 2.20, S05 57.37 ± 2.80, respectively). In floating hydroponic systems, yeast inoculation to the hydroponic solution increased the root area of L. sativa by 30 % in relation to the control. Our results confirm that Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain J14 from the brewing industry may confer benefits in hydroponics crops with positive effects on root growth. These results validate the potential application of S. cerevisiae strain J14 in plant cultivation in hydroponic as a biotechnological tool.; A capacidade de alguns microrganismos de estimular o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas é conhecida. No entanto, o uso de levedura residual da indústria cervejeira artesanal como agente promotor de crescimento vegetal (PGPM, por sua sigla em inglês) tem sido brevemente estudado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e analisar o uso de levedura residual da indústria cervejeira em hortaliças hidropônicas. Nós avaliamos os efeitos da adição de levedura no crescimento de plantas de Eruca vesicaria, Arabidopsis thaliana e Lactuca sativa com esta técnica. Um aumento significativo no comprimento da raiz principal e no número de raízes laterais foi observado após o tratamento com as suspensões de levedura em A. thaliana e E. vesicaria cultivadas em mudas (SN 4.28 ± 0.15, S05 7.30 ± 0.29; SN 39.68 ± 2.20, S05 57.37 ± 2.80, respectivamente). Em sistemas hidropônicos de raízes flutuantes, a inoculação de leveduras à solução hidropônica aumentou a área radicular de L. sativa em 30 % em relação ao controle. Nossos resultados confirmam que a estirpe J14 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae da indústria cervejeira pode prover benefícios em cultivos hidropônicos com efeitos positivos no crescimento radicular. Esses resultados validam a potencial aplicação da cepa J14 de S. cerevisiae no cultivo de plantas em hidroponia como ferramenta biotecnológica.

Biomedical treatment and divine assistance: complementary reproductive itineraries among catholic women users of assisted reproduction technology in Argentina Olmos Alvarez, Ana Lucía; Johnson, Maria Cecilia This paper explores how Catholic women in Argentina use assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs), and particularly the way in which they resort to biomedicine and religion as complementary sources of knowledge, support and assistance during reproductive treatments. It is concerned about the role of the Catholic religion in local reproductive itineraries, seeing that Catholicism has such significant social, political and cultural influence in the country. Drawing on a qualitative and ethnographic study of Catholic spaces of worship, a maternity hospital and in-depth interviews with former users from three metropolitan areas in Argentina, we examine how reproductive itineraries involve the users’ agency in building health resources from religion, with reference to biomedicine. The data reveal that women address religion as an affective, social and therapeutic recourse intertwined with biomedical power. These findings highlight the multiple and complex forms reproduction acquires in specific social, cultural and normative contexts, and contribute to discussing the complementarity between religion and biomedicine in health experiences.

Age-related Changes in Task Switching Costs in Middle Childhood Vernucci, Santiago; García Coni Bosch, Ana Virginia; Zamora, Eliana Vanesa; Gelpi Trudo, Rosario; Andrés, María Laura; Canet Juric, Lorena Cognitive flexibility refers to the ability to rapidly and accurately switch between tasks. It is regarded as a core dimension of executive functions and has been reported to improve during childhood and into early adulthood. For its evaluation, the task-switching paradigm is widely used. Switching between tasks or response sets imposes a series of costs on performance (i.e., mixing costs, global switch costs, local switch costs). There is less evidence analyzing switching performance in children than in other age groups, and few studies have specifically analyzed switching costs only in school-age children. In the present study, we aimed to analyze age-related changes in task switching in children aged 9–12 years old. We considered year-to-year changes in performance, specifically in response time based mixing costs, global switch costs, and local switch costs. To do this, we used a task switching measure to evaluate 231 children in Argentina, aged 9–12 years (M age = 10.94, SD = 0.88) who were aggregated into four age groups (9, 10, 11, and 12 years old). Results show consistent mixing costs, global switch costs, and local switch costs at each age. However, we did not find age-related differences in the magnitude of such costs. These results suggest that both the ability to maintain and select between two tasks, and to switch from one response set to another could be considered relatively constant during this period.

Structural parameters of biofilm and bacterioplankton are better indicators of urbanization than photosynthetic functional parameters in low-order streams Gorbarán, Rocío Soledad; Vilches, Carolina; Rodríguez Castro, María Carolina; Giorgi, Adonis David Nazareno; Torremorell, Ana María The aim of this study was to assess urbanization effects on microbial communities from low-order streams. Artificial substrata were placed upstream (control) and downstream (urban) of the cities of the selected streams. Photosynthetic parameters derived from chlorophyll-a fluorescence were measured using a Pulse of Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer, and the bacterial biofilm and bacterioplankton were counted by microscopy after staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. We found higher bacterial biofilm biomass together with higher concentration of nutrients in urban reaches. The biofilm total density of bacteria was negatively correlated with the humic acid concentration, while the bacterioplankton total density was positively correlated with soluble reactive phosphorus and nitrite concentration. Autotrophic Index reflected the predominance of heterotrophs in the three streams. The concentration of chlorophyll-a, the minimum fluorescence, and the other photosynthetic parameters showed variations between the streams. These would respond to environmental factors at local scale not included in this study and may be influenced by the low development of autotrophic biomass at least in two of the streams studied. The bacterial morphotypes Small rod, Large rod, and Vibrio shaped (large) allowed the differentiation of urban reaches and would be useful as indicators of urbanization effects in both biofilm and bacterioplankton of lowland streams.

Trichoderma root colonization in maize triggers epigenetic changes in genes related to the jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways that prime defenses against Colletotrichum graminicola leaf infection Agostini, Romina Belén; Ariel, Federico Damian; Rius, Sebastian Pablo; Vargas, Walter Alberto; Campos Bermudez, Valeria Alina Beneficial interactions between plant roots and Trichoderma species lead to both local and systemic enhancements of the plant immune system through a mechanism known as priming of defenses. Previously, we have reported a number of genes and proteins that are differentially regulated in distant tissues of maize plants following inoculation with Trichoderma atroviride. To further investigate the mechanisms involved in the systemic activation of plant responses, here we have further evaluated the regulatory aspects of a selected group of genes when priming is triggered in maize plants. Time-course experiments from the beginning of the interaction between T. atroviride and maize roots followed by leaf infection with Colletotrichum graminicola allowed us to identify a gene set regulated by priming in the leaf tissue. In the same experiment, phytohormone measurements revealed a decrease in jasmonic acid concentration while salicylic acid increased at 2 d and 6 d post-inoculation. In addition, chromatin structure and modification assays showed that chromatin was more open in the primed state compared with unprimed control conditions, and this allowed for quicker gene activation in response to pathogen attack. Overall, the results allowed us to gain insights on the interplay between the phytohormones and epigenetic regulatory events in the systemic and long-lasting regulation of maize plant defenses following Trichoderma inoculation.

Arte efímero y festivo en los poblados guaraní/jesuíticos: El triunfo de Mbororé y la celebración del primer centenario de la Compañía de Jesús; Ephemeral and festive art in the guarani/jesuit villages: The triumph of Mborore and the celebration of the first centenary of the Society of Jesus Page, Carlos Alberto Presentamos en este trabajo la utilización del arte efímero en un acontecimiento especial para la Compañía de Jesús como fue su primer centenario. Pero en este caso en particular, intentamos demostrar cómo los jesuitas del Paraguay vincularon esta festividad con el triunfo de los guaraníes sobre los portugueses en la famosa batalla de Mbororé. Para ello se buscó interpretar en un mismo escenario, el momento en que los guaraníes vencen a los bandeirantes e Ignacio al demonio. Para ello requirieron del desarrollo de una expresión artística de fugacidad temporal, cargada de un claro sincretismo en su representación y que como tal, solo nos ha quedado el testimonio del suceso.; In this paper we present the use of ephemeral art in a special event for the Society of Jesus such as its first centenary. But in this particular case, we try to show how the Jesuits of Paraguay linked this festivity with the triumph of the Guarani over the Portuguese in the famous battle of Mbororé. In order to do so, we tried to interpret in the same scenario the moment when the Guarani defeated the bandeirantes and Ignatius the devil. This required the development of an artistic expression of temporary transience, loaded with a clear syncretism in its representation, and as such, only the testimony of the event has remained to us.

Infecciones tempranas de Botrytis cinerea y Alternaria spp. y su relación con pudriciones de postcosecha en pera d´anjou; Early infections by Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria spp. and their relationship with postharvest rot in d’anjou pear Basso, Carla Nahir; Sosa, María Cristina; Lutz, María Cecilia Las podredumbres en postcosecha por heridas en frutos han sido ampliamente estudiadas, pero existe escasa información sobre aquellas producidas por infecciones latentes. Botrytis cinerea y Alternaria spp. producen infecciones en etapas tempranas del desarrollo de pera cv. “d’Anjou”, ocasionando importantes pérdidas en el Alto Valle de Río Negro, Argentina. Los objetivos de la investigación incluyeron la evaluación de la susceptibilidad de los órganos florales/frutos a infecciones producidas por la inoculación artificial (ILA) de B. cinerea y A. alternata, la evaluación de la ocurrencia natural de infecciones fúngicas latentes (ILN) durante el desarrollo y crecimiento del fruto, y el estudio de la relación entre infecciones latentes tempranas (por B. cinerea y A. alternata) y la incidencia de pudriciones y mohos en el cáliz y pedúnculo del fruto, y las características fisiológicas del fruto durante la conservación frigorífica. El estudio se realizó en un monte comercial de pera cv. “d’Anjou” en las temporadas 2018/19 y 2019/20. Se evaluó la ocurrencia de ILN por ambos patógenos en plena flor (PF), caída de pétalos (CP), 30 días de plena flor (DPF), 60 DPF y 120 DPF (pre-cosecha), y la susceptibilidad de los diferentes órganos desde PF a 60 DPF. La frecuencia de ILN y ILA se determinó por disección y aislamiento in vitro. Las condiciones de la fruta, incidencia de mohos y podredumbres, e ILN se estudiaron hasta 120 días de conservación y 7 días en anaquel. A pesar de la variabilidad entre temporadas, se presentaron infecciones por los hongos estudiados en PF y CP, siendo severas en cáliz y pedúnculo 60 y 120 DPF. En postcosecha, las ILN fueron altas. Sin embargo, las podredumbres calicinales por B. cinerea no superaron el 2,5% en la temporada con precipitaciones y alta HR durante la primavera. Además, hubo 0,5% de podredumbres por Alternaria en fruta y un incremento significativo del moho en pedúnculo desde los 90 días de conservación. En este momento, se observó una reducción significativa del contenido relativo de agua y la firmeza de los frutos.; Postharvest rot of fruit due to injury has been extensively studied, but there is scarce information about rot caused by latent infections. Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria spp. produce infections at early stages of fruit development of pear cv. 'd'Anjou', causing significant losses in the Alto Valle de Río Negro, Argentina. Research objectives have included evaluation of the susceptibility of floral organs/fruits to infections produced by the artificial inoculation (ALI) of B. cinerea and A. alternata, evaluation of the occurrence of natural latent fungal infections (NLI) during fruit development and growth, and study of the relationship between early latent infections by B. cinerea and Alternaria spp. on the incidence of rot and mold in the fruit calyx and stem, and the physiological characteristics of the fruit during cold storage. The study was conducted in a commercial 'd'Anjou' pear orchard during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons. The occurrence of NLI was determined at full blossom (FB), petal fall (PF), 30 days after full blossom (DFB), 60 DFB and 120 DFB (pre-harvest), while susceptibility of the different organs was evaluated from FB to 60 DFB. Frequency of NLI and ALI was determined by dissection and in vitro isolation. The postharvest physiological conditions of the fruit, incidence of NLI, and incidence of mold and rot were studied up to 120 days of cold storage and after 7 days of shelf life. Despite the variability between seasons, fungal infections occurred at FB and PF, being severe in the calix and stem at 60 and 120 DFB. NLI had a high incidence at postharvest. However, calix-end rot by B. cinerea did not exceed 2.5% in the season with precipitations and high RH during spring. In addition, Alternaria rot reached 0.5%, while stem mold increased significantly after 90 days of cold storage. At this moment, fruit significantly reduced its relative water content and firmness.

Integrating Shotgun Metagenomics, 16s Rrna Gene Metabarcoding and Culture Approaches: A Better Outlook for Functional Profiling of a Pah-Contaminated Soil Festa, Sabrina; Granada, Marina; Irazoqui, José Matías; Cuadros Orellana, Sara; Quevedo, Claudio; Coppotelli, Bibiana Marina; Morelli, Irma Susana Understanding bacterial diversity and function is critical for designing bioremediation strategies. This research aimed to assess chronically hydrocarbon contaminated soil bacterial diversity and their aromatic compound degradation (ACD) potential by integrating shotgun metagenomic, 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and culture approaches. While soil metabarcoding showed dominance of Proteobacteria, metagenomics indicated that 99,5% of the sequences were taxonomically assigned to Streptomycetales order and that almost all genes related to ACD were assigned to the latter. To inspect other phyla contribution to ACD, a functional prediction was delved, and two culture approaches were used. PICRUSt2 revealed that ACD pathways were mostly found in Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes. An enrichment culture (r-EFP) was obtained with pyrene as sole carbon and energy source and a bacterial strain (S19P6), identified as a member of Mycolicibacterium genus, was isolated. Both cultures demonstrated the ability to degrade more than 90% of the supplemented pyrene after 21 days of incubation. 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics approaches in r-EFP indicated predominance of Proteobacteria Phylum and the presence of genes responsible for the degradation of ACD mostly assigned to the predominant phyla. Complementing different methodologies enable the recognition of the metabolic potential of soil Proteobacteria related to ACD.

The Role of Literature in Intercultural Language Education: Designing a Higher Education Language Course to Challenge Sentimental Biopower Porto, Melina; Zembylas, Michalinos In this article we discuss how the design of a higher education language course can challenge the power of sentimentality in the classroom. In particular, the paper analyses the role of literature in intercultural language education through the lens of affect theory, while focusing on minimizing sentimentality in the classroom, especially when the literary texts used confront students with trauma-related content involving human rights abuse, death and suffering, and trigger discomforting emotions in students such as sadness, anguish, fear and more. We suggest that it is important for educators and students in higher education to recognize the affective and biopolitical dimensions of literature teaching in intercultural language education. This is illustrated through the design of an English language course syllabus in an Argentinian higher education setting. The paper concludes with a discussion of the curricular and pedagogical implications for intercultural language education.

Religio e identidad romana en De legibus 2.19-22 Cairo, María Emilia In this paper religious norms enunciated in Cicero’s De legibus 2.19-22 are examined in relation to the conflict that the author had with Publius Clodius Pulcher in the previous decade. That controversy dated back to the de incest trial in which Cicero declared against the tribune regarding his irruption in the feminine rituals of the Bona Dea in 62 bc and lasted until Clodius’ death in 52 bc. The purpose of this paper is to prove that the rules of Leg. 2.19-22 are, to a large extent, Cicero’s answers to the religious aspects of that long debate. In order to achieve it, I will compare and contrast the norms in Leg. 2.19-22 with the considerations on religious matters raised in Cicero’s post reditum speeches.

El diseño utilitario: Un caso (Las Escondidas, Antofagasta de la Sierra) y nuevas perspectivas acerca de lo simple y lo complejo; El Utilitarian design: A case (Las Escondidas, Antofagasta de la Sierra) and new perspectives one the simple and the complex Sentinelli, Natalia; Escola, Patricia Susana Frente a las limitaciones de la dicotomía expeditividad/conservación para entender los conjuntos líticos de los contextos del primer milenio en Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina), la propuesta del diseño utilitario resultó un avance hacia la comprensión de la tecnología de las sociedades agropastoriles desde su especificidad. El término puso en discusión la referencia a la ausencia de elementos vinculados con la conservación para describir los productos materiales de una estrategia expeditiva. Este avance fue retomado luego en el marco de la estimación de la inversión de trabajo en la producción lítica para las sociedades formativas del NOA. En este trabajo vuelven a considerarse estos aportes, a partir del conjunto lítico tallado de la Estructura 4 (E4) del sitio Las Escondidas (Quebrada de Miriguaca, Antofagasta de la Sierra). Este sitio, ocupado a inicios del primer milenio, evidencia actividades diversas, incluyendo un contexto de producción artesanal. Dentro de la reconstrucción de algunas disposiciones del habitus tecnológico implicado en la producción, uso y descarte del conjunto instrumental de la E4, se suscitaron varias reflexiones acerca de los alcances y la aplicabilidad del concepto del diseño utilitario en relación con el esfuerzo tecnológico.; Given the limitations of the expediency/conservation dichotomy for understanding the lithic assemblages from the first millennium in Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina), the utilitarian design proposal constitutes progress toward understanding the specific technology of agropastoral societies. The term raised the issue that the lack of conservation-related elements poses for describing the material product of an expeditious strategy. The proposal subsequently supported efforts to estimate the work that the formative societies of Northwestern Argentina invested in lithic production. This research revisits its contributions, applying them to the knapped stone assemblage of Structure 4 (E4) at the Las Escondidas site (Quebrada de Miriguaca, Antofagasta de la Sierra) – a site occupied at the beginning of the first millennium, that shows different activities, including artisan production. Reconstructing some aspects of the technological behavior involved in the production, use and disposal of the instrument set at E4 gave rise to several reflections on the scope and applicability of the utilitarian design concept in relation to work investment.

Development of Antifungal Films from Nanocomplexes Based on Egg White Protein Nanogels and Phenolic Compounds Deseta, Maria Laura Griselda; Sponton, Osvaldo Ernesto; Finos, Marianela Belén; Cuffia, Facundo; Torres Nicolini, Andrés; Alvarez, Vera Alejandra; Santiago, Liliana G.; Perez, Adrián Alejandro This work is aimed to develop antifungal films from nanocomplexes based on egg white protein nanogels (EWPn) and phenolic compounds (PC), carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY). EWPn-PC nanocomplexes were characterized by intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, particle size (DLS), ζ potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and antifungal properties. Nanocomplexes with proper encapsulation efficiency (> 80%) and antifungal activity against A. niger were obtained. Films were obtained by a casting process (40 °C, 48 h) using glycerol as a plasticizing agent. EWPn-PC films were transparent and slightly yellow. SEM images revealed a porous, compact, and homogeneous microstructure. Tensile tests indicated less flexibility, breakability, and rigidity regarding the EWPn control film. Thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) highlighted an amorphous nature and resistance to high temperatures (~ 150 °C). Moreover, they were permeable to water vapor and able to adsorb variable water amounts. Finally, their antifungal properties were verified using a sample of preservative-free bread. EWPn-PC films were able to prevent fungal spoilage for 30 days of storage at 25 °C. Sensory analysis for bread stored with EWPn-PC films indicated acceptability above the indifference threshold (> 5).

Cueva de Los Corrales 1 (Quebrada de Los Corrales, El Infiernillo, Tucumán): un sitio multifuncional de altura en el Norte de las Sierras del Aconquija (Ca. 3000-600 años AP); Cueva de los corrales 1 (Quebrada de los Corrales, El Infiernillo, Tucumán): a high-altitude multifunctional site in the northern Sierras del Aconquija (ca. 3000-600 years bp) Oliszewski, Nurit; Martinez, Jorge Gabriel; Arreguez, Guillermo Anibal; Coronel, Alexis Alberto; Di Lullo, Eugenia; Gramajo Bühler, Carlos Matías; Molar Becchio, Rocío María; Naharro, María Eugenia; Nasif, Norma Cueva de Los Corrales 1 se ubica en la quebrada de Los Corrales (El Infiernillo, Tucumán). Es un sitio arqueológico complejo tanto en su espacialidad como en su temporalidad ya que presenta tres sectores de uso –dos en el interior (cueva propiamente dicha y morteros fijos) y uno en el exterior (alero)– en varios momentos de ocupación entre ca. 3000 y 600 años AP. Se presenta una síntesis de la información generada que incluye el examen de distintas materialidades, dataciones radiocarbónicas y análisis desde diferentes líneas de investigación, los cuales, en conjunto, han permitido establecer al menos cuatro eventos ocupacionales. Se evalúan los posibles usos que tuvo CC1 en los distintos momentos en que estuvo habitado y su rol en el devenir de las ocupaciones humanas de la Quebrada de Los Corrales y de la región del sur de cumbres Calchaquíes-norte del sistema del Aconquija en tiempos prehispánicos.; Cueva de Los Corrales 1 is located in Quebrada de Los Corrales (El Infiernillo, Tucumán). It is a complex archaeological site on account of its spatial arrangement and timeline presenting three sectors of use –two interior (cave strictly speaking and fixed mortars) and one in the outside (eaves)– occupied in several moments between ca. 3000 and 600 years BP. We submit a synthesis of the information generated that includes the examination of different materials, radiocarbon dating and various lines of research analysis which together have allowed to establish at least four occupation events. The possible uses of CC1 during the different dwelling moments is evaluated as its role in the evolution of occupations in Quebrada de Los Corrales and the southern Cumbres Calchaquíes / Northern Aconquija system region during pre-Hispanic times.

"Colonias desaparecidas": el impacto socioterritorial de la violencia en el ámbito rural de la provincia de Tucumán (1975-1983); “Disappeared colonies”: the socio-territorial impact of violence in the rural area of the province of Tucumán (1975-1983) Cattaneo, Constanza La represión política en la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina) durante la década del 70 se vio exacerbadaen 1975, con el inicio del operativo de contrainsurgencia conocido como “Operativo Independencia” y, luego,durante la última dictadura cívico-militar. En este artículo abordaré la reconfiguración espacial de las coloniasazucareras del ex-Ingenio Santa Lucía durante este período. Los análisis sobre la violencia en el espacioque abordan dicho periodo han ido ampliándose en las últimas décadas, incluyendo problemáticas ligadas,entre otras, a las “villas de emergencias”, los poblados históricos y los nuevos poblados militares (Aldeasestratégicas). Mediante un entrecruzamiento entre trabajo etnográfico, análisis de fotografías aéreas históricas,prospecciones y relevamientos en los antiguos emplazamientos, analizaré el impacto de la represión políticaen tres casos particulares: Negro Potrero, Las Dulce y Finca Santa Elena. Propongo aportar a una compresiónde los periodos iniciales de la represión en el ámbito rural, así como avanzar a la incorporación de otrasmemorias como la de los pobladores campesinos.; During the 1970s, political repression in the province of Tucumán (Argentina) was exacerbated in 1975, due to the start of the counterinsurgency operation known as “Operativo Independencia”, and later during the last civic-military dictatorship. In this article, I will address the spatial reconfiguration of the sugar colonies of the former Ingenio Santa Lucía during this period. Analyses on violence in space about this period have increased in recent decades, regarding issues such as the “emergency villages”, historical towns, and the new military towns (Strategic Villages), among others. Through an intersection of ethnographic work, analysis of historical aerial photographs, and prospecting and surveys in the old sites, I will analyze the impact of political repression in three particular cases. This article aims to to contribute to an understanding of the initial periods of repression in rural area as well as to promote the incorporation of other memories such as that of the peasant settlers.

Bivariant Hermitian K-theory and Karoubi's fundamental theorem Cortiñas, Guillermo Horacio; Vega, Santiago Javier Let ℓ be a commutative ring with involution ⁎ containing an element λ such that λ+λ⁎=1 and let Algℓ⁎ be the category of ℓ-algebras equipped with a semilinear involution and involution preserving homomorphisms. We construct a triangulated category kkh and a functor jh:Algℓ⁎→kkh that is homotopy invariant, matricially and hermitian stable and excisive and is universal initial with these properties. We prove that a version of Karoubi's fundamental theorem holds in kkh. By the universal property of the latter, this implies that any functor H:Algℓ⁎→T with values in a triangulated category which is homotopy invariant, matricially and hermitian stable and excisive satisfies the fundamental theorem. We also prove a bivariant version of Karoubi's 12-term exact sequence.

Colecciones públicas y ámbitos de sociabilidad lectora en la conformación de una nueva capital bonaerense (1884-1905) Dorta, Ruth Ayelén La conformación de La Plata como «nueva Capital» de provincia representó para la élite dirigente una innumerable cantidad de desafíos. Entre ellos, el de restaurar el entramado de instituciones y de comunidades científico-letradas de larga trayectoria y reconocido prestigio que funcionaban en la antigua capital y que la provincia de Buenos Aires había perdido luego de la federalización. En el presente artículo se propone detener la mirada sobre uno de esos retos: la tarea de conformar y/o contribuir a la conformación de colecciones bibliográficas de acceso público y de espacios de sociabilidad lectora para minorías intelectuales y sectores populares.

Combination of cattle urine and dung patches synergically increased nitrous oxide emissions from a temperate grassland under wet conditions Lombardi, Banira; Alvarado, Patricia Ines; Ricci, Patricia; Buraschi, Lucia Maria; Viduzzi, Gabriel; Palladino, Rafael Alejandro; Gonda, Horacio Leandro; Juliarena, María Paula During grazing, some of the nutrients ingested by cattle are returned to grassland as urine and dung patches and can be lost as greenhouse gases. Sites where cattle congregate are more likely to have overlapping excreta patches favouring enhanced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, there is no consensus about the magnitude of these or simultaneous methane (CH4) emissions or potential mitigation options. This study investigated the effect of combined cattle dung and urine depositions on N2O and CH4 emissions, compared with emissions from separate depositions, under different weather conditions. Local emission factors (EFs) were then calculated for both gases. A quantitative assessment of published studies was also performed to search for N2O emissions drivers. Two field experiments were performed during two 98-day trials under dry and wet conditions in Tandil, Argentina. Treatments included fresh excreta patches of urine (0.75 L), dung (2.50 kg), dung + urine (2.50 kg + 0.75 L) from Holstein dairy cows, and a control (without excreta). Soil and excreta properties were analysed, and N2O and CH4 fluxes from the patches were measured using the static chamber technique. Patches containing dung were shown to be localised CH4 hotspots. Urine applied to soil, and the addition of urine to dung patches had a negligible effect on CH4 fluxes. Urine, dung and combined patches were found to be localised N2O sources. Adding urine to dung patches under wet weather had a significant synergetic effect (threefold increase) on cumulative N2O emissions compared with the theoretical sum of separate excreta patches. Adding urine to dung patches under dry conditions gave an additive effect on N2O. These findings suggest that preventing overlapping excreta patches under wet conditions can help mitigate N2O emissions from temperate managed grazed pastures. The effect of combining excreta patches was also evident in the EF values obtained. That for CH4 was consistent with the default IPCC value (0.75 g CH4 kg−1 VS), while N2O (EF = 0.03–0.39%) was lower than the updated IPCC 2019 value of 0.6%.

El muro invertido: Las zanjas en el límite fronterizo de Chile con Bolivia; The inverted wall: Ditches on the border between Chile and Bolivia; O muro invertido: Fossos no limite fronteiriço do Chile com a Bolívia de Marchi Moyano, Bianca; Alvites Baiadera, Angélica Paola El propósito de este artículo es comprender cómo las zanjas excavadas por parte de los gobiernos chilenos, en el límite internacional entre Colchane (Chile) y Pisiga Bolívar (Bolivia), desde septiembre de 2017 hasta julio de 2022, se articularon al discurso sobre las migraciones y transformaron el paisaje, los modos de control y las estrategias de cruce en la región. Para esto, aplicamos una meto-dología cualitativa de revisión documental y hemerográfica en ambos países, así como un trabajo en terreno (notasde campo, observación, testimonios y fotografías). Nuestro texto concluye que las zanjas analizadas pueden ser interpretadas como muros invertidos, de bajo costo y gran plasticidad, que com-ponen un paisaje fronterizo móvil y se constituyen como dispositivos defensivos y de protección en contra de agentes transnacionales no estatales, entendidos como amenazas. Asimismo, se resalta su condición paradójica: mientras las zanjas se proyectan con el propósito de reafirmar el poder y expresar el control estatal sobre un territorio, resaltan su debilidad dada su mera existencia e ineficacia operativa; The purpose of this article is to understand how the ditches dug by the Chilean governments, on the international border between Colchane (Chile) and Pisiga Bolivar (Bolivia), from September 2017 to July 2022, were articulated to the discourse on migrations, and they transformed the landscape, control modes and crossing strategies in the region. For this, we apply a qualitative methodology of documentary and newspaper review in both countries, as well as field work (field notes, observation, testimonies and photographs). Our text concludes that the trenches analyzed can be interpreted as inverted walls, of low cost and great plasticity, which make up a mobile border landscape and constitute defensive and protection devices against non-state transnational agents, understood as threats. Likewise, its paradoxical condition is highlighted: while the ditches are projected with the purpose of reaffirming power and expressing state control over a territory, they highlight its weakness given its mere existence and operational inefficiency.; O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como os fossos cavados pelos governos chilenos, na fronteira internacional entre Colchane (Chile) e Pisiga Bolívar (Bolívia), de setembro de 2017 a julho de 2022, se articularam ao discurso sobre as migrações, transformando a paisagem, os modos de con- trole e as estratégias de travessia na região. Para tal, aplicamos uma metodologia qualitativa de análise documental e jornalística nos dois países, bem como trabalho de campo (notas de campo, observação, testemunhos e fotografias). Nosso texto conclui que os fossos analisados podem ser interpretadas como muros invertidos, de baixo custo e grande plasticidade, que compõem uma paisagem fronteiriça móvel e constituem dispositivos de defesa e proteção contra agentes transnacionais não estatais, entendidos como ameaças. Sua condição paradoxal também é destacada: enquanto os fossos são projetados com o objetivo de reafirmar o poder e expressar o controle estatal sobre um território, eles evidenciam sua fragilidade dada sua mera existência e ineficácia operacional.

Opportunities, obstacles and current challenges of flavonoids for luminal and triple-negative breast cancer therapy Vachetta, Vanina Sol; Marder, Nora Mariel; Troncoso, María Fernanda; Elola, Maria Teresa Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenols with numerous biological effects on cancer cells. They have been shown to affect proliferation via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and necrosis and to exert anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic actions. Anti-cancer effects of flavonoids, mostly in preclinical evaluations, should be translated into clinical cancer treatment research, where evidence is still scarce. Although therapies targeting primary breast tumors have markedly improved, those targeting elusive micro-metastases are less effective. In this scenario, the present review discusses the anti-tumor effects of different simple natural and synthetic flavonoids on luminal and triple-negative breast cancer, highlighting biological effects such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition reversion, cell migration and invasion inhibition, metalloprotease inactivation/down-regulation and anti-angiogenesis, as well as compiling in vivo treatments in experimental tumor models and some specific clinical trials. In addition, this review discusses the mechanisms underlying flavonoid anti-tumor effects. Moreover, although flavonoids may be regarded as a spectrum of promising polyphenols with multifaceted anti-tumor effects, mainly applicable to metastatic breast cancer management, some major challenges and concerns about potential flavonoid therapy in luminal and triple-negative breast cancer are also discussed.

Indicators of research circulation: Localization and internationalization under scrutiny—The Cuyo Manual and its exploratory case study in Argentina Algañaraz Soria, Victor Hugo; Prado, Flavia Cecilia; Rossomando Ramirez, María Pía Given the limitations of traditional scientometric indicators to recognize the diversity of circulating knowledge in different languages, formats and regions, the Research Center on the Circulation of Knowledge (CECIC-Argentina) has developed a set of research circulation analytical indicators, nucleated in the “Cuyo Manual.” This article presents the results of the first exploratory case study carried out, that of the Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), showing how the institution and its researchers internationalize, regionalize or territorialize their scientific productions. In addition to the articles published in internationally oriented journals, under what other formats and in which directions does research production circulate? What are the capacities installed and actions deployed by the university in terms of research circulation? These and other questions are addressed in this paper, in order to show the diversity and multiscalarity of the scientific knowledge produced, which crosses not only international and national spaces but also the closest areas of influence to the institution itself.