Taxonomic Revision and Morphometric Analysis of Gamochaeta (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) Freire, Susana Edith; Grossi, Mariana Andrea; Bayón, Néstor David; Monti, Claudia; Iharlegui, Laura; Migoya, María A. Gamochaeta Wedd. (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) is a New World genus with a center of diversity in South America. The genus is characterized by capitula usually arranged in spikes or headlike clusters; pistillate florets outnumbering the bisexual florets; truncate style branches with apical sweeping trichomes; pappus bristles connate at the base into a ring that falls as a unit; andachenes with usually globose twin trichomes. We present here the first morphometric analysis of this genus. Based upon these results, 53 species are recognized, and two are newly synonymized: G. neuquensis Cabrera under the name G. chamissonis (DC.) Cabrera, and G. impatiens G. L. Nesom under the name G. americana (Mill.) Wedd. A lectotype is newly designated for Gnaphaliumspiciforme Sch. Bip. The occurrence in southern Argentina of Gamochaeta procumbens (Phil.) Cabrera is reported for the first time, and G. standleyi (Steyerm.) G. L. Nesom is new for Colombia. One species, Gamochaeta thouarsii (Spreng.) Anderb., is treated as dubious. A key to the species is provided, as well as morphological descriptions, synonymy, distribution and habitat information, distinguishing characters, taxonomic affinities, distribution maps, illustrations of the species, and additional material examined.

François Viète and his analysis of the Copernican lunar model Carman, Christian Carlos In his unfinished Ad harmonicon coeleste, François Viète (1540–1603) approaches astronomical models in a purely mathematical way, analyzing the equations involved in them and suggesting new geometrical approaches, usually equivalent but simpler. After dealing with the Copernican planetary models, he develops three different lunar models. The first one describes a model geometrically similar but not identical to the Ptolemaic lunar model. The second is identical to that of Copernicus, but Viète significantly simplifies the calculation methods, and the third one is inspired by Tycho’s lunar model. In a previous paper, I analyzed the first model. In this paper, I describe and analyze the second one, leaving for a future work the third one. Extending the ellipse models used by Viète for the outer planets, I also show that every model of epicycle and deferent can be replaced by a planet revolving on a rotating ellipse.

Estudio de los silicofitolitos de tres especies de Solanaceae silvestres con registro de uso en poblaciones prehispánicas que habitaron el Delta del Paraná; Study of the silicophytoliths of three species of wild Solanaceae reported to be used in prehispanic populations that inhabited the Paraná Delta Clauss, Samira; Colobig, María de Los Milagros; Ramos, Rita Soledad Las plantas silvestres han tenido gran importancia en la subsistencia de las poblaciones arqueológicas que ocuparonel Delta del Paraná en momentos previos a la conquista española. Esto fue desconocido hasta hace pocos años, yaque en un comienzo se estudiaba su dieta a través de los recursos obtenidos mediante la caza y la pesca, ignorandola importancia que el mundo vegetal tenía en la vida cotidiana de estas personas. Debido a esto, el presente trabajobusca ser un aporte en el inicio de la confección de una colección de referencia de plantas locales que podrían habertenido diversos usos por parte de los habitantes de la región, con el fin de reducir los sesgos, y empezar a identificarespecies que no han sido contempladas hasta el momento. Se realizaron análisis de microrrestos biosilíceos en ordende identificar los silicofitolitos diagnósticos de las especies Solanum glaucophyllum Desf., Solanum pseudocapsicumL. y, Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. De acuerdo al registro etnográfico estas especies son de interés económicoporque forman parte del amplio listado de especies comestibles de la familia Solanaceae.; Wild plants have been of great importance in the subsistence of the archaeological populations that occupied the Delta of the Paraná River prior to the Spanish conquest. This was unknown until a few years ago, because initially their food was studied through the resources obtained by hunting and fishing, ignoring the importance that the plant world had in the daily life of these peoples. Because of this, the present work aims to be a significant contribution in the beginning of the elaboration of a reference collection of local plants that could have had diverse uses by the inhabitants of the region, in order to reduce biases and begin to identify species that have not been considered so far. Analyses of biosiliceous microrrests were carried out in order to identify diagnostic phytoliths of the species Solanum glaucophyllum Desf., Solanum pseudocapsicum L. and Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. According to the ethnographic record, these species are of economic interest because they are part of the extensive list of edible species of the Solanaceae family.

Dictamen Pericial ante La Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos -Caso “Ariel Osvaldo Mollar vs. Argentina”-: Sobre Convencionalidad de Pena Perpetua, su regulación en Argentina y efectos individuales y estructurales Anitua, Gabriel Ignacio Jose Se publica como documento en número monográfico sobre penas perpetuas.Dictamen presentado ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el que respondo sobre el siguiente pliego de preguntas:1. ¿Qué características singulares posee la actual regulación de la pena a prisiónperpetua en la República Argentina? ¿Cuál es su impacto en términos cuantitativos?2. ¿Considera que la imposición de penas efectivamente perpetuas (es decir, sinposibilidad de revisión posterior) supone afectaciones a la Convención Americana?En tal caso, ¿a cuáles?3. ¿Considera que la pena de prisión perpetua aún revisable es compatible con laConvención Americana? En caso afirmativo, ¿Considera que el límite de revisión a los35 años resulta igualmente compatible con la Convención?4. ¿Cuáles deberían ser las exigencias para que una pena de prisión perpetuarevisable sea compatible con la Convención?5. De acuerdo a su conocimiento, ¿Podría detallar cuales son los criterios judicialesmayoritarios en argentina, en especial el de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación,con relación a los planteos de inconstitucionalidad/inconvencionalidad de la pena deprisión perpetua?

El “tarifazo” del año 2016 y su tratamiento en medios digitales salteños y nacionales Montone, Mauro Alejandro; Durán, Rodrigo Javier El presente trabajo se enmarca dentro de los estudios de la agenda mediática y analiza, desde la perspectiva conceptual de la Agenda-Setting, el tratamiento informativo que le dieron dos medios digitales provinciales (www.eltribuno.com.ar y www.lagacetasalta.com.ar) y dos de alcance nacional (www.clarin.com y www.lanación.com.ar) a los aumentos en las tarifas de los servicios de electricidad y gas por red durante el primer año de gobierno de Mauricio Macri; hecho tematizado en la agenda pública como “tarifazo”. Específicamente, se buscó establecer cuáles fueron los temas desagregados del “tarifazo” que más relevancia adquirieron en base a la asiduidad con la que aparecieron en la cobertura y el tipo de atributos o agenda atributiva desplegada relativa a cada uno de los temas. El trabajo empírico se asentó en la metodología del análisis de contenido cuantitativo. Los principales resultados de la investigación indican que existió un fuerte nivel de consonancia tanto de los medios digitales salteños como los nacionales en otorgarle relevancia a los acontecimientos y atributos vinculados con la judicialización de las tarifas por sobre otros aspectos (como el impacto sobre los usuarios o el ahorro de energía, por ejemplo), al mismo tiempo que la mayor cantidad de noticias datan de los meses de julio y agosto, período en el cual sucedieron los fallos de la justicia instando la nulidad de los aumento. Tales resultados son congruentes con el estilo periodístico de las noticias en internet incorporando componentes de espectacularización en la cobertura.

Outbreak of Intermediate Species Leptospira venezuelensis Spread by Rodents to Cows and Humans in L. interrogans –Endemic Region, Venezuela Caraballo, Lizeth; Rangel, Yaritza; Reyna Bello, Armando; Muñoz, Mariana; Figueroa Espinosa, Roque Arnulfo; Sanz Rodríguez, Carlos E.; Guerrero, Elba; Loureiro, Carmen Luisa; Liu, Qingyun; Takiff, Howard Eugene Leptospirosis is a common but underdiagnosed zoonosis. We conducted a 1-year prospective study in La Guaira State, Venezuela, analyzing 71 hospitalized patients who had possible leptospirosis and sampling local rodents and dairy cows. Leptospira rrs gene PCR test results were positive in blood or urine samples from 37/71 patients. Leptospira spp. were isolated from cultured blood or urine samples of 36/71 patients; 29 had L. interrogans, 3 L. noguchii, and 4 L. venezuelensis. Conjunctival suffusion was the most distinguishing clinical sign, many patients had liver involvement, and 8/30 patients with L. interrogans infections died. The Leptospira spp. found in humans were also isolated from local rodents; L. interrogans and L. venezuelensis were isolated from cows on a nearby, rodent-infested farm. Phylogenetic clustering of L. venezuelensis isolates suggested a recently expanded outbreak strain spread by rodents. Increased awareness of leptospirosis prevalence and rapid diagnostic tests are needed to improve patient outcomes.

Landscape Connectivity in South America: An Assessment of the Current Knowledge and A Case Study Using Protected Areas of Argentina Guerisoli, Maria de Las Mercedes; Schiaffini, Mauro Ignacio Purpose of Review Habitat fragmentation is recognized as a central issue in conservation biology, provoking a discontinuity in the distribution of resources. This in turn, leads to isolation of populations and increases extinction risks. South America holds a very diverse and endemism-rich fauna of mammals, which are being increasingly threatened by habitat fragmentation.In this scenario, protected areas are vital for the conservation of mammals, and the connectivity between them is vital for their success. The study of connectivity in South America is only incipient, with a few references. Recent Findings Here, we developed a review on connectivity studies for this region, analyzing spatial and temporal trends through an extensive reference search. By identifying knowledge gaps on connectivity studies in Argentina, we also developed a case study analysis on environmental connectivity between Protected Areas for this country, considering land cover categories using circuit theory. We found 75 references for the study area, with an increasing number over the years. Brazil was the country with the highest number of references followed by Colombia. Carnivora was the most studied taxa, with thejaguar Panthera onca as the most targeted single species. Circuit theory was the most used method, followed by Least-Cost Path. The Protected Areas of Argentina showed dissimilar representation and connectivity patterns according to land covercategories, being mostly concentrated in closed forests.Summary Habitat fragmentation in South America is increasing and follows economic trends and lack of management, escalating the need to conserve the Protected Area systems and their connectivity.

La antesala del final: El peronismo y la oposición en Chaco en vísperas del golpe de Estado de 1955; The prelude to the end: Peronism and the opposition in Chaco on the eve of the 1955 coup Maggio, Mayra Soledad; Barreto Oliva, Anabella El golpe de Estado de septiembre de 1955 constituyó el acontecimiento más visible del proceso de conflictividad política y social que tuvo lugar durante la segunda presidencia de Juan Domingo Perón. Una de las características de esta etapa fue la incorporación de la Iglesia Católica al sector antiperonista, que dio a los partidos políticos un importante elemento legitimador, ensanchando las bases de la oposición. A partir de entonces se multiplicaron los episodios de violencia y se aceleraron los planes conspirativos. La escalada de conflictos se vio jalonada por medidas de conciliación ensayadas por el gobierno con el fin de descomprimir la tensión y evitar la agudización de la confrontación política. En este artículo exploramos esta dinámica analizando los últimos años del gobierno peronista en Chaco -denominado entonces provincia “Presidente Perón”- atendiendo a las particularidades de este espacio, donde el peronismo había construido una fuerza hegemónica y exhibía una fuerte impronta sindical, así como estrechos vínculos con la Iglesia Católica.; The coup d'état of September 1955 was the most visible event in the process of political and social conflict that took place during the second presidency of Juan Domingo Perón. One of the characteristics of this stage was the incorporation of the Catholic Church into the anti-Peronist sector, which gave political parties an important legitimizing element, broadening the bases of the opposition. From then on, the episodes of violence multiplied and the conspiratorial planes accelerated. The escalation of conflicts was punctuated by conciliation measures tested by the government in order to decompress the tension and prevent the sharpening of the political confrontation. In this article we explore this dynamic by analyzing the last years of the Peronist government in Chaco -called then "President Perón" province- taking into account the particularities of this space, where Peronism had built a hegemonic force and exhibited a strong trade union imprint, as well as close Links with the Catholic Church.

The Boom of investigative journalism books in the 19990s: the case of Espejo de la Argentina by Planeta; O boom dos livros de investigação jornalística durante a década de 1990: o caso de “Espejo de la Argentina” da planeta; El boom de los libros de investigación periodística durante la década de 1990: el caso de Espejo de la Argentina de planeta Baldoni, Micaela Mariel During the 1990s, in Argentina, investigative journalism books became a publishing phenomenon. These best-sellers occupied an increasingly prominent place within the genre of political books. The pioneering collection of the genre was Espejo de la Argentina by Editorial Planeta. For its analysis, we first consider its connection with the strategies of international companies entering the local publishing market. Then, we explore the affinities between this project and certain journalistic spaces. Finally, we address how becoming a brand-author involves a symbolic rupture in terms of status and public authority for journalists. The work is based on a corpus composed of a database of journalistic books, press archives, and semi-structured interviews with editors and authors.; Durante a década de 1990, na Argentina, os livros de investigação jornalística tornaram-se um fenômeno editorial. Esses best-sellers ocuparam um lugar cada vez mais destacado dentro do gênero do livro político. A coleção pioneira do gênero foi Espejo de la Argentina da Editorial Planeta. Para sua análise, em primeiro lugar, consideramos sua ligação com as estratégias de entrada de empresas internacionais no mercado editorial local. Depois, investigamos as afinidades entre este projeto e certos espaços jornalísticos. Por fim, abordamos como se tornar um autor-marca envolve uma ruptura simbólica em termos de status e autoridade pública dos jornalistas. O trabalho é baseado em um corpus composto por um banco de dados de livros jornalísticos, arquivos de imprensa e entrevistas semiestruturadas com editores e autores; – Durante la década de 1990, en la Argentina los libros de investigación periodística devinieron un fenómeno editorial. Estos best-sellers ocuparon un lugar cada vez más destacado dentro del género del libro político. La colección pionera del género fue Espejo de la Argentina de la Editorial Planeta. Para su análisis, en primer lugar, consideramos su vínculo con las estrategias de arribo de empresas internacionales al mercado editorial local. Luego, indagamos en las afinidades entre este proyecto y ciertos espacios periodísticos. Por último, nos ocupamos de la manera en que devenir un autor-marca involucra una ruptura simbólica en términos de estatus y de autoridad pública de los periodistas. El trabajo se asienta en un corpus compuesto por una base de datos sobre libros periodísticos, de archivos de prensa y de entrevistas semiestructuradas a editores y autores.

Impact of nanosilver surface electronic distributions on serum protein interactions and hemocompatibility Rivero, Paula Sofia; Pistonesi, Denise Belén; Belén, Federico; Centurión, María Eugenia; Benedini, Luciano Alejandro; Rauschemberger, María Belén; Messina, Paula Verónica The translation of silver-based nanotechnology 'from bench to bedside' requires a deep understanding of the molecular aspects of its biological action, which remains controversial at low concentrations and non-spherical morphologies. Here, we present a hemocompatibility approach based on the effect of the distinctive electronic charge distribution in silver nanoparticles (nanosilver) on blood components. According to spectroscopic, volumetric, microscopic, dynamic light scattering measurements, pro-coagulant activity tests, and cellular inspection, we determine that at extremely low nanosilver concentrations (0.125–2.5 μg ml−1), there is a relevant interaction effect on the serum albumin and red blood cells (RBCs). This explanation has its origin in the surface charge distribution of nanosilver particles and their electron-mediated energy transfer mechanism. Prism-shaped nanoparticles, with anisotropic charge distributions, act at the surface level, generating a compaction of the native protein molecule. In contrast, the spherical nanosilver particle, by exhibiting isotropic surface charge, generates a polar environment comparable to the solvent. Both morphologies induce aggregation at NPs/bovine serum albumin ≈ 0.044 molar ratio values without altering the coagulation cascade tests; however, the spherical-shaped nanosilver exerts a negative impact on RBCs. Overall, our results suggest that the electron distributions of nanosilver particles, even at extremely low concentrations, are a critical factor influencing the molecular structure of blood proteins' and RBCs' membranes. Isotropic forms of nanosilver should be considered with caution, as they are not always the least harmful.

Perfectly Accurate Membership Inference by a Dishonest Central Server in Federated Learnin Pichler, Georg; Romanelli, Marco; Rey Vega, Leonardo Javier; Piantanida, Pablo Federated Learning is expected to provide strong privacy guarantees, as only gradients or model parameters but no plain text training data is ever exchanged either between the clients or between the clients and the central server. In this paper, we challenge this claim by introducing a simple but still very effective membership inference attack algorithm, which relies only on a single training step. In contrast to the popular honest-but-curious model, we investigate a framework with a dishonest central server. Our strategy is applicable to models with ReLU activations and uses the properties of this activation function to achieve perfect accuracy. Empirical evaluation on visual classification tasks with MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and CelebA datasets show that our method provides perfect accuracy in identifying one sample in a training set with thousands of samples. Occasional failures of our method lead us to discover duplicate images in the CIFAR100 and CelebA datasets.

Maritime Historical Cultural Heritage: Puerto Madryn City as a Case Study from Patagonia, Argentina Gutiérrez, Guillermo; Elkin, Dolores Carolina This article focuses on the Maritime Historical Cultural Heritage (herein after MHCH) of Puerto Madryn. This city, located in Argentinean Patagonia, on the coast of the Nuevo Gulf, is a natural harbor with a rich history of seafaring. Since the 2000s, Argentina’s Underwater Archaeology Program of the National Institute of Anthropology and Latin American Thought (herein after PPROAS-INAPL), has been dedicated to the research and management of archaeological shipwreck sites located on the city’s foreshore, in the Nuevo Gulf, and other locations outside the city limits. In this article, the results of the studies carried out between 2018 and 2024 are presented. The primary aim was to broaden the knowledge of the MHCH of Puerto Madryn, focusing on shipwrecks. The specific objectives include classifying and characterizing the MHCH in a systematic manner, identifying the stakeholders’ interests in this heritage, understanding the various values assigned to the shipwrecks and the threats to their preservation. Based on the information gathered, a set of proposals for heritage activation oriented towards the enjoyment, interpretation and conservation of the MHCH is presented. This approach is innovative in South America for the topic under study.

Cambios en el régimen de tenencia de la tierra en la región pampeana (1988-2018); Changes in the land tenure regime in the Pampas region (1988-2018) Fernández, Diego Ariel; Buet, Luciano Baltazar Este trabajo se propone cuantificar los cambios operados en el régimen de tenencia del suelo pampeano entre 1988 y 2018, y su imbricación con el proceso de concentración productiva regional, con énfasis en lo concerniente a la evolución más reciente. Para ello, se solicitó al INDEC información pertinente del Censo Nacional Agropecuario 2018, la que fue procesada y agrupada de tal forma que permitiera analizar las variaciones en la relación con la tenencia de la tierra por la que optan productores de distinta escala. El análisis, realizado tanto a nivel regional como subregional, encuentra que la tendencia en favor del alquiler se ha intensificado, y que este crecimiento es explicado casi en su totalidad por las EAP de mayores dimensiones, información que puede resultar relevante en el diseño de políticas agrarias.; This work aims to quantify the changes that occurred in the Pampas land tenure regime between 1988 and 2018 and its interweaving with the process of regional productive concentration, with emphasis on the most recent evolution. To do this, relevant information from the 2018 National Agricultural Census that was not published was requested from INDEC, which was processed and grouped in such a way that it allows analyzing the variations in the relation with land tenure that producers of different size choose. The analysis, carried out both at the regional and subregional level, finds that the trend in favor of rentals has intensified, and this growth is almost entirely explained by the larger EAPs. This results may be relevant in the design of agricultural policies.

Las disputas políticas e ideológicas de nuestro tiempo: La democracia en cuestión; The political and ideological disputes of our time: Democracy in question; As disputas políticas e ideológicas de nosso tempo: A democracia em questão Wegelin, Lucía; Ipar, Ezequiel; Cuesta, Micaela En este texto analizamos algunos datos de una encuesta probabilística denominada “La legitimidad de la democracia en crisis”, realizada por el LEDA en colaboración con el CELS en septiembre de 2023. Nos detenemos en la lectura del Índice de Neoliberalismo y el Índice de Riesgo democrático, en tanto contribuyen a la interpretación de los resultados electorales de las elecciones presidenciales, siendo también centrales a la hora de comprender los desafíos político-ideológicos a los que se enfrenta la democracia argentina.; In this article we analyze data produced through a probabilistic survey called “The legitimacy of democracy in crisis”, carried out by LEDA in collaboration with CELS in September 2023. We focus on the reading of Neoliberalism Index and Democratic Risk Index, insofar as they contribute to electoral results’s interpretations, but are also central when it comes to understanding the political-ideological challenges that Argentine democracy faces.; Neste texto, analisamos alguns dados de uma pesquisa probabilística chamada «A legitimidade da democracia em crise», realizada pelo LEDA em colaboração com o CELS em setembro de 2023. Nós focamos na leitura do Índice de Neoliberalismo e do Índice de Risco Democrático, enquanto contribuem para a interpretação dos resultados eleitorais das eleições presidenciais, mas também são centrais na hora de compreender os desafios político-ideológicos que a democracia argentina enfrenta.

The fate of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in the pulp of eight native Brazilian and exotic fruits Silva, Beatriz S.; Amorim Neto, Dionisio P.; Pia, Arthur K.R.; Campagnollo, Fernanda B.; Furtado, Marianna M.; Carvalho, Ana Carolina B.R.; Oteiza, Juan Martín; Sant'Ana, Anderson de Souza Despite the wide variety of native and exotic fruits in Brazil, there is limited understanding of their ability to support pathogens during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into the pulp of eight fruits native and exotic to Brazil: Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda), Mana ´ (Solanum sessiliflorum), Caja-manga ´ (Spondias dulcis), Physalis (Physalis angulata L.), Feijoa (Acca sellowiana), Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) (average pH < 3.3) and in a low acidy fruit: Abiu (Pouteria caimito) (pH 6.11). The pathogens were inoculated into the different fruits and stored at 10, 20, 30 and 37 ◦C for up to 12 h and 6 days, respectively. Among the fruits evaluated, Abiu was the only one that allowed Salmonella growth, showing higher δ-values at 20 and 30 ◦C (5.6 log CFU/g for both temperatures). For Physalis and Feijoa, there was a small reduction in the pathogen concentration (<1 log-cycle), mainly at 10 and 20 ◦C, indicating its ability to remain in the matrices. For the other fruits, notable negative δ-values were ob tained, indicating a tendency towards microbial inactivation. The survival potential was significantly affected by temperature in Abiu, Mana´, Cupuaçu, and Caja-manga ´ (p < 0.05). The same phenomena regarding δ-value were observed for L. monocytogenes population, with the greatest survival potential observed at 20 ◦C in Abiu (3.3 log CFU/g). Regarding the exponential growth rates in Abiu, the highest values were observed at 30 and 37 ◦C, both for Salmonella (4.6 and 4.9 log (CFU/g)/day, respectively) and for L. monocytogenes (2.8 and 2.7 log (CFU/g)/ day, respectively), with no significant difference between both temperatures. Regarding microbial inactivation, L. monocytogenes showed greater resistance than Salmonella in practically all matrices. Jenipapo and Umbu were the pulps that, in general, had the greatest effect on reducing the population of pathogens. Furthermore, the increase in storage temperature seems to favor the increase on inactivation rates. In conclusion, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes can grow only in Abiu pulp, although they can survive in some acidic tropical fruits kept at refrigeration and abusive temperatures.

Naturally Occurring Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants, Fungi, Algae, and Animals: A Review of the Most Effective Inhibitors Reported in 2012-2022 Murray, Ana Paula; Biscussi, Brunella; Cavallaro, Valeria; Donozo, Martina; Rodriguez, Silvana Andrea Since the development of the “cholinergic hypothesis” as an important therapeutic approach in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the scientific community has made a remarkable effort to discover new and effective molecules with the ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The natural function of this enzyme is to catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. Thus, its inhibition increases the levels of this neurochemical and improves the cholinergic functions in patients with AD alleviating the symptoms of this neurological disorder. In recent years, attention has also been focused on the role of another enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), mainly in advanced stages of AD, transforming this enzyme into another target of interest in the search for new anticholinesterase agents.Over the past decades, Nature has proven to be a rich source of bioactive compounds relevant to the discovery of new molecules with potential application in AD therapy. Bioprospecting of new cholinesterase inhibitors among natural products has led to the discovery of an important number of new AChE and BChE inhibitors that became potential lead compounds for the development of anti-AD drugs. This review summarizes a total of 260 active compounds from 142 studies which correspond to the most relevant (IC50 ≤ 15 µM) research work published during 2012-2022 on plant-derived anticholinesterase compounds, as well as several potent inhibitors obtained from other sources like fungi, algae, and animals.

Usos y percepciones de las TIC: un estudio en personas mayores en Luján, Buenos Aires, desde el inicio del Covid-19; Uses and perceptions of ICTs: a study in older people in Luján, Buenos Aires since the beginning of Covid-19 Cuello, Fátima; Pochintesta, Paula Analía La progresiva incursión de las TIC en la sociedad ha creado nuevas formas de interacción. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de las personas de 60 años y más sobre el uso de las nuevas tecnologías durante la pandemia Covid-19 en la localidad de Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los resultados muestran que la pandemia dejó en evidencia la celeridad del avance de la tecnología y los consecuentes cambios en casi todas las prácticas de la vida cotidiana. Esta situación demandó una apropiación veloz sobre el uso de herramientas digitales sin contemplar las necesidades de las personas mayores.; The progressive incursion of ICTs into society has created new forms of interaction. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of people aged 60 years and over about the use of new technologies during the Covid-19 pandemic in the town of Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The results show that the pandemic showed the speed of the advance of technology and the consequent changes in almost all practices of daily life. This situation demanded a rapid appropriation of the use of digital tools without considering the needs of the elderly.

Comment on Agnolín et al. (2024): southernmost lepidosaur (Reptilia) assemblage from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia Garberoglio, Fernando Fabio; Gómez, Raúl O.; Apesteguía, Sebastián Agnolín et al. (2024) (Hereafter A24) report on a Late Cretaceous lepidosaur assemblage from southern Patagonia. The fossils described by A24 are noteworthy as they extend the record of lepidosaurs from southern Patagonia and as such deserve a detailed study. However, we find several issues in the descriptions and consider most of their taxonomic assignments to be unsupported by the data, which in turn makes their faunistic interpretations to be seriously flawed. Here, we would like to comment on some of the major inconsistencies and misstatements that we have found in the work of A24 in order to prevent wrong faunal lists and biogeographic considerations.

Highly effective inhalable voriconazole-loaded nanomicelles for fungal infections in cystic fibrosis patients: a promising therapeutic strategy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Briceño, Victor; Hermida Alava, Katherine Stefania; Bernabeu, Ezequiel Adrian; Fuentes, Pedro; Brito Devoto, Tomás; Höcht, Christian; Chiappetta, Diego Andrés; Cuestas, María Luján; Moretton, Marcela Analía In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), growth of A. fumigatus and other fungal hyphae within the bronchial lumen can trigger an immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity response known as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) which can potentially advance to fibrosis. The management of ABPA involves the administration of systemic glucocorticoids alongside azole antifungals, such as voriconazole (VRC). This study evaluated the potential of Soluplus® polymeric micelles as an effective nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery of VRC to improve antifungal therapy in CF patients. The micellar nanoformulation prepared in this study could increase up to 51-fold the aqueous solubility of VRC. Their micellar size, evaluated by dynamic light scattering, was 102.2 ± 1.3 nm for loaded freeze-dried nanoformulations with a unimodal size distribution. Nanomicelles showed excellent colloidal stability during the in vitro nebulization process and under dilution in similar interstitial fluids for pulmonary VRC delivery. Nanoformulations demonstrated high in vitro cytocompatibility in A549 and Vero cells. Interestingly, in vitro antifungal activity of VRC-loaded micelles was at least 2-fold higher than the drug aqueous suspension against different fungal species isolated from CF sputum, regardless of the presence of artificial CF mucus layer. Following single intratracheal dose, significantly (p < 0.05) higher VRC concentrations were observed within 2 h in the lung tissue for the micellar formulations compared with the VRC suspension. We concluded that these findings will help to develop a potent and innovative inhalable VRC micellar nanoformulation that may be effective against different lung disorders caused by fungi, such as ABPA.

Enseñar y aprender Derechos Humanos en la universidad: ¿perciben los géneros de modo diferente esta experiencia educativa?; To teach and to learn Human Rights at university: do genders perceive this educational experience differently? Naz, Natalia Gabriela Este trabajo analiza una experiencia en particular de Educación en Derechos Humanos en el ámbito universitario: el “Seminario de Justicia y Derechos Humanos” de Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina. El curso es obligatorio y transversal para estudiantes que cursan alguna carrera de grado y pregrado en dicha institución. El objetivo general de esta indagación consistió en conocer cómo experimentaron mujeres cis, varones cis1 y la comunidad LGBTIQ+2 este tipo de espacios formativos. El análisis se realizó desde la perspectiva de los3 participantes, especialmente del estudiantado, que es un enfoque fundamental y poco estudiado en este campo. La metodología utilizada fue mixta: se analizaron 1703 encuestas a estudiantes realizadas en el período 2017-2022 y tres entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes durante el 2023. Entre los principales resultados, se observó que el grupo conformado por varones cis manifestó menor interés, en comparación a los otros grupos, en los temas de Género y en el hecho de que exista este tipo de educación obligatoria en el ámbito universitario. Además, se advirtió que los diversos grupos son interpelados de forma diferente, según el tema del que se trate. En último lugar, el artículo finaliza con algunas reflexiones en torno a las masculinidades en los procesos de Educación en Derechos Humanos en la universidad.; This paper analyses one particular experience of Human Rights Education at the university environment: the "Seminar on Justice and Human Rights" at the National University of Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The course is compulsory and cross-cutting for students taking undergraduate and undergraduate degree courses at that institution. The general objective of this research was to find out how cis women, cis men and the LGBTIQ+ community experienced this type of training spaces. The analysis was carried out from the perspective of the participants, especially the students, which is a fundamental and understudied approach in this field. The methodology used was mixed: both, 1703 student surveys conducted in the period 2017-2022 and three semistructured interviews with teachers during 2023, were analysed. Among the main results, it was observed that the cis-male group showed less interest in gender issues and in the fact that there is this type of compulsory education at the university environment, compared to the other groups. In addition, it was noted that the different groups are questioned differently, depending on the topic in question. Finally, the article ends with some reflections on masculinities in the processes of Human Rights Education at university.