El exilio de Francisco Bilbao en las provincias argentinas (1857-1859) Wasserman, Fabio Enrique Este trabajo reconstruye y examina la actuación pública del escritor chileno Francisco Bilbao durante los primeros años de su exilio político en las provincias argentinas (1857-1859). Su objetivo es realizar un aporte a los estudios sobre Bilbao y sobre el exilio político considerando las razones por las cuales eligió ese destino y las condiciones que le permitieron tener un rol relevante en la prensa y en el movimiento asociativo a pesar de ser un exiliado con antecedentes revolucionarios e ideas radicales. Para ello se tienen en cuenta tanto las características de la sociedad que lo acogió como sus vínculos familiares, intelectuales y políticos; This paper reconstructs and examines the participation in public life of the Chilean writer Francisco Bilbao during the early years of his political exile in the Argentine provinces (1857-1859). Its objective is to make a contribution to the studies on Bilbao and on political exile by considering the reasons that led him to choose that fate and examining the conditions that allowed him to play a relevant role in the press and in the associative movement despite being a political exile with revolutionary backgrounds and radical ideas. To that end, the characteristics of the society that welcomed him and his family, as well as the intellectual and political ties he wove are considered.

El Inventario de Humedales de la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo como un insumo para el ordenamiento ambiental del territorio Grimson, Rafael; Gonzalez Trilla, Gabriela Liliana Frente a la continua expansión urbana, que avanzó ocupando y transformando los espacios verdes del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, es preciso contar con medidas de protección de los escasos espacios verdes restantes. Los diversos humedales de la Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo que han escapado a estos procesos de ocupación de la tierra, quedando como verdaderos oasis dentro de la matriz urbana circundante, hoy se presentan como áreas de oportunidad para la conservación. Pensar un inventario de humedales de la cuenca como insumo para avanzar en un ordenamiento ambiental del territorio, desde una perspectiva del paisaje, permite considerar a los humedales como zonas proveedoras de innumerables servicios ecosistémicos, considerando su expresión en el territorio y su fragilidad ante las alteraciones humanas. Aquí presentamos los avances en el Inventario de la Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo.

Lo indecible, los límites y las maneras de (escribir sobre) la afección Lema, Veronica Soledad Se presenta una reflexión sobre los modos en que la afectación puede o no ser comunicada, sus implicancias en el propio hecho de estar afectado y sus repercusiones dentro y fuera del trabajo de campo arqueológico y etnográfico.

Forest fragments prioritization based on their connectivity contribution for multiple Atlantic Forest mammals Iezzi, María Eugenia; Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago; Martínez Pardo, Julia; Paviolo, Agustin Javier; Cruz, María Paula; de Angelo, Carlos Daniel Natural environments worldwide are increasingly restricted to smaller and isolated patches, resulting in major threats to biodiversity. To prioritize conservation efforts, it is important to assess the relative contribution of the habitat remnants to landscape connectivity. We prioritized remnants of Atlantic Forest in Argentina based on their contribution to the connectivity requirements of mammals that are sensitive to landscape transformation by analyzing habitat connectivity and availability for five species with varying habitat requirements and dispersal abilities. We combined graph-based analysis with occupancy models to calculate the resistance matrices and the node attributes, incorporating anthropogenic pressures. Results of connectivity indices were combined for all species so that those that were more sensitive to the loss of connectivity and/or availability had a greater influence on the final prioritization. Five patches had maximum priority for conservation and were vital to maintaining both landscape connectivity and habitat availability. These patches were particularly important for smaller species with low dispersal abilities, for which they constitute suitable habitats. Four percent of the patches were identified as irreplaceable stepping-stones that connected habitat patches for species with intermediate dispersal distances. Patch connectivity was not equally important for all species as they had different dispersal abilities and sensitivity to anthropogenic pressures, which means that the process of territorial planning based on landscape connectivity must include very careful selection of the species involved. With this multi-species model, we generated a spatially explicit tool that proved useful to prioritize forest patches to conserving Atlantic Forest mammals and other fragmented Neotropical forests.

Relaxor behavior of the conductive process for the system Pb0,91La0,09(Zr0,65Ti0,35)O3 + xMnO; Comportamiento relajador del proceso conductivo del sistema Pb0,91La0,09(Zr0,65Ti0,35)O3 + xMnO Vega García, Arles; Mariño Castellanos, Pedro Antonio; Velazquez Infante, Julio Cesar; Fernández-Santiesteban, Eduardo; Pupo-Palma, Carlos In this work, a study of the ceramic Pb0,91La0,09(Zr0,65Ti0,35)O3 + xMnO with x = 0,0; 0,01; 0,02 and 0,03 was carried out, The dielectric response of PLZT was measured using the impedance spectroscopy method, in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 MHz and at temperatures from 15 to 700 K, In the behavior of permittivity with frequency, a strong dispersion is reported for x = 0,0, This relaxing behavior becomes imperceptible with the increase of the Mn2+ cation, In the temperature range between 660 and 700 K, the doped samples showed a relaxation process by conductivity, studied by the Cole-Cole relaxation function, determining, in addition, the thermal evolution of the relaxation time τ, suggesting conductive processes by ion movement. The macroscopic activation energy was determined indicating a conduction process by oxygen vacancies.; En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de la cerámica Pb0,91La0,09(Zr0,65Ti0,35)O3 + xMnO con x = 0,0; 0,01; 0,02 y 0,03. La respuesta dieléctrica del PLZT es medida a través del método de espectroscopia de impedancia, en un rango de frecuencias 100 Hz a 10 MHz y a temperaturas desde 15 a 700 K. En el comportamiento de la permitividad con la frecuencia se reporta una fuerte dispersión para x = 0,0. Este comportamiento relajador se hace imperceptible con el aumento del catión Mn2+.En el intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre los 660 y 700 K las muestras dopadas, manifestaron un proceso de relajación por conductividad, estudiado por la función de relajación Cole-Cole, determinándose, además, la evolución térmica del tiempo de relajación sugiriendo procesos conductivos por movimiento de iones. Se determinó la energía de activación macroscópica indicando un proceso de conducción por vacancias de oxígeno.

Native forests in agricultural landscapes : An option for sustainability Manrique, Silvina Magdalena Abstract. Society has traditionally assumed that the supply of ecosystem services (ES) provided by forests is unlimited. This has caused the degradation of a large part of the world´s forests and an accelerated rate of conversion to other land uses. Agriculture is recognized as the land use that has spread with greater speed and extension. Since native forests are the ecosystems with the most biomass, and around 50% of it is carbon, the conversion of forests has a great impact on the global atmosphere. Furthermore, the importance of the forest biomass goes much further, since it constitutes the fundamental support of the ecological functions that will enable the provision of ES. Given that the land use conversion is threatening the existence of native forests, is commanding to progress in the generation of knowledge about them and their ES supply, but also in translating this knowledge into practical tools and instruments based on easy to register and comprehend variables. This work seeks to make a contribution in this direction, providing data, tools and thoughts for discussion. It is presented an approach that recognizes the importance of biomass as a key element of the ecosystem and have been applied in the contrast native forest (Pizarro Reserve) vs crops (soybean), as a typical case of land cover change. Starting from the field data collection on 10 vegetation and soil variables (absolute values) a methodology was constructed to estimate the relative total ecosystem value (TEV) and the yield of the five ES for each land use. Pizarro´s TEV was 44% ("critical" situation) and crop was TEV = 11.2% ("collapse"). The last value implies a loss of 74.5% of ecosystem benefits with respect to the forest, given that the ES are linked to the biomass stocks. Therefore, the soy crops despite having a high market value and short-term economic benefits, shows a comparative low ecological value. Moreover their ecological value is transitory and in an annual cycle the aboveground biomass (AGB) becomes zero. Although the analysed ecosystem has undergone processes of degradation, it is estimated that the AGB could be between 21% and 36% higher than the current (156.7 t/ha). Now it is providing at least five fundamental ES: water, climate and biogeochemical regulation, soil protection and bioenergy supply. On the other hand, the current forest AGB and ES supply could potentially be improved through the implementation of a technical management plan and effective control measures within the Reserve. This proposal seeks to encourage analysis and dialogue on the need for an adequate comprehensive evaluation of different land uses, bringing to light technical elements for a more sustainable territorial planning.

Carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical cancer biomarkers biosensors Rodriguez, Marcela Cecilia; Dalmasso, Pablo Roberto; Rubianes, María Dolores; Bollo Dragnic, Soledad; Gallay, Pablo; López Mujica, Michael; Montemerlo, Antonella Evelin; Perrachione, Fabrizio; Tamborelli, Luis Alejandro; Vaschetti, Virginia María; Reartes, Daiana; Rivas, Gustavo Adolfo This chapter presents a critical discussion about the most relevant carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors for the quantification of typical cancer biomarkers like microRNAs, prostate-specific antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen reported in the period 2015–20. The analysis is focused on the strategies used to build the biosensing platforms, from the selection and immobilization of the biorecognition element, to the transduction of the bioaffinity event into a measurable signal, with special emphasis on the analytical characteristics of the resulting biosensors.

Memorias sobre artes, congresos y viajes por diversas ciudades de Argentina Lucena, Daniela; Gonzalez, Alejandra Soledad En este ensayo revisaremos un conjunto de experiencias afectivas y académicas compartidas, en las que nos ausentamos de nuestros hogares para viajar por Argentina con el fin de coordinar mesas temáticas sobre estudios artísticos en una reunión científica internacional. Nos proponemos recomponer una crónica descentrada a partir de los recuerdos, los olvidos y las disonancias que conforman nuestras memorias, así como también reflexionar acerca de los diálogos entablados con colegas de otras ciudades respecto a la investigación, desde Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, sobre artes y políticas del pasado reciente -tanto argentino como latinoamericano-.

Loading of drugs in Biodegradable polymers using supercritical fluid technology Chinellato Diaz, Janet del Los Angeles; Fernandez Bordin, Santiago Pablo; Mattea, Facundo; Romero, Marcelo Ricardo Biodegradable polymers are relevant materials for medical applications due to their similarity with biological tissues. The incorporation of drugs in biopolymers expands their functionalities and makes them very attractive in applications that involve oral, transdermal delivery and active food packaging. However, many biomolecules used as drugs are labile, and few methods allow incorporating these substances into polymers without degrading their structure. Supercritical fluid technology (SCF) is an environmentally friendly technique that allows efficient drug loading under mild conditions without leaving residues. With these characteristics in mind, this chapter has been structured with the aim to describe the main SCF techniques, biopolymer properties, and the types of drugs. Finally, a bibliographic summary is described in detail that summarizes the more relevant advances of drug loading optimization in biopolymers using SCF.

Hormonas sexuadas: una reconstrucción de las trayectorias, usos y apropiaciones de bioartefactos Dellacasa, María Alejandra En este trabajo ensayamos una breve reconstrucción de la trayectoria de las hormonas sexuadas, en tanto bioartefacto implicado en diversas modalidades de intervención tecnológica; cuyo uso entraña prácticas vinculadas tanto al control y la normalización, como a la autotransformación y la subversión de los cuerpos y las identidades. Incluimos en el análisis aspectos del diseño, lxs usuarixs y la direccionalidad concebida inicialmente para estas tecnologías, cuestiones que promueven fuertes lazos de significación entre los artefactos y las nociones dominantes de masculinidad y femineidad. Al mismo tiempo, consideramos ciertos procesos apropiación y usos, que han dado lugar a “consecuencias no esperadas”, excediendo incluso, la propia noción de “flexibilidad interpretativa” (Bijker & Pinch, 1984). En el caso de la ingesta „cruzada‟ de hormonas, las personas tavestis y trans organizadas en tanto colectivo político, han logrado habilitar y legitimar usos „alternativos‟ que analizamos como modalidades de innovación tecnológica e instancias que disputan los sentidos políticos que entrañan las tecnologías. Dentro de los valiosos aportes feministas a los estudios CTS, recuperamos el concepto de de Gender Script (Akrish y Latour, 1992) para discutir hasta qué punto las tecnologías promueven relaciones e inscripciones de género específicas. Tal como afirma Ellen Van Oost (2003) toda innovación tecnológica implica una renegociación de la relaciones de género y una articulación de las identidades que van a ser performadas con el uso de ese artefacto tecnológico. El análisis que presentamos permite evidenciar que un determinado artefacto puede contribuir a estabilizar o desestabilizar las representaciones hegemónicas de las identidades de género (masculina o femenina). En este sentido, tecnologías que inicialmente habían sido diseñadas para usos y destinatarixs específicxs, y que tendían a reforzar ciertas identidades, ciertas corporalidades y performances, devienen reapropiadas y resignificadas.

Exploring the potential of local biomixtures for biopurification systems. Bioaugmentation as strategy to enhance the removal of pesticides Benimeli, Claudia Susana In the last decades, point-source pesticides pollution has been rigorously addressed, through the study of bioprophylaxis strategies, in order to reduce or avoid these environmental impacts. For this purpose, biobeds (BB) are among the most promising technologies. BB consist of simple, ecological and cost-effective constructions designed to retain and degrade pesticides, with three main components: a clay layer, a biomixture and a grass layer covering its surface. Biomixture (BM) represents the biologically active core of BB, where the adsorption and degradation of pesticides take place. It is composed of a lignocellulosic substrate, a humic rich component and a soil. The design of a BM should be adapted to each region and will depend on the availability of materials. Also, the efficiency of the BM can be improved by bioaugmentation with microorganisms with specific degrading capacities. Among a wide range of microorganisms, actinobacteria play an important ecological role in the environment due to their ability to remove a large diversity of xenobiotic compounds.Based on the above, this conference will present studies related to the behavior of BM formulated with different and locally available by-products derived from the sugarcane industry in Argentina, and the effect of their bioaugmentation with an autochthonous actinobacterium, on the atrazine (ATZ) removal ability. Three BM were formulated using sugarcane by-products as alternative lignocellulosic substrates. BM formulated with bagasse, filter cake, or harvest residue, reached ATZ removal of 37–41% at 28 d of incubation, with t1/2 between 37.9 and 52.3 d. The bioaugmentation with Streptomyces sp. M7 accelerated the dissipation of the pesticide in the BM, reducing ATZ t1/2 regarding the controls, and achieved up to 72% of ATZ removal. The bioaugmentation improved the development of the microbiota in BM, specially actinobacteria and fungi and enhanced acid phosphatase activity and/or reversed a possible effect of ATZ over this enzymatic activity.

Extremophile cyanobacteria: in vitro production of protective compounds against UVB radiation Lencina, María Fernanda; Farias, Maria Eugenia; Belfiore, Carolina The Andean Altiplano-Puna is a sedimentary volcanic plateau at an average altitude of 4000 m located between latitudes 13°and 27° south. Solar irradiance is 165% higher than that at the level of the sea with instant flow of UV-B that reaches 17 Wm2,low nutrient concentration particularly phosphorous; presence of heavy metals and arsenic and broad fluctuation of thetemperature of the air, ranging from 20 °C during the day to -10 ° C at night. Even though these conditions are highly limiting,previous results from our laboratory have described the microbial diversity of different lakes, mats and crust of the altiplanoand revealed an unexpectedly diverse microbial community, including several genera of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria isolatedfrom extreme conditions like Andean microbial mats and crust could produce mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) as amitigation strategy to reduce the damaging effect of ultraviolet radiation. In order to probe the production of MAAs from thesecyanobacteria, the analysis of the methanolic extract by spectrophotometry was used as a rapid method to know the presenceor absence of these compounds. Different strains of cyanobacteria were placed in quartz tubes and exposed to UVB radiationfor 4 and 24 hours. Then the culture was centrifuged at 10000 rpm during 10 min, and 0,15 g of biomass were placed in tubeswith 15 ml of methanol during 24 h in dark. Methanolic extract was analyzed in a spectrophotometer by scanning from 250nm to 750 nm. Also, the methanolic extract was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC), using WatersAlliance 2695e - Waters PDA 2998 Detector - Empower 2 Software, Column: Gemini C18-5u-4.6 x 250 mm and the mobilephase: 0.1% acetic acid in methanol 2.5%. The cyanobacteria that showed presence of MAAs were cultivated in differentconditions in order to determine the most convenient: condition 1: light 24 h, without shaking and room temperature; condition2: light:dark 12:12 h, without shaking and 28°C; condition 3: light:dark 12:12 h, without shaking but bubbling air into thereactor and 28° C. The strain GTAR 001, Anabaena sp., showed the most significant peak of absorbance at 334 nm when wasexposed for 24 h to UVB. The MAAs reported for cyanobacteria have peaks between 310 and 360 nm and the peak of 334 nmcorresponds to Shinorine. On the other hand, the strain GTAR 001 produced significantly more biomass with condition 3 andin a shorter period. These preliminary results agree with the MAAs reported for Anabaena sp. isolated from rice paddy fieldand hyper saline pond/marine habitat. It will be necessary to analyze this compound with liquid chromatography coupled withtandem mass spectrometry for the final determination.

El territorio y la transformación vitivinicultura de Mendoza (Argentina) desde la mirada de las mujeres; The territory and the viticulture transformation of Mendoza (Argentina) from the perspective of women; O território e a transformação vitivinícola de Mendoza (Argentina) desde a perspectiva das mulheres Miraglia, Marina; Cerdá, Juan Manuel; Falconer, Evelyn Marianel; Nodari, Eunice Sueli; Rojas, Juan Facundo En este trabajo se analiza la inserción de las mujeres en el mundo del vino de la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina) en el contexto de la transformación vitivinícola de finales del siglo pasado. En particular se analiza la inserción de las mujeres en sectores de la actividad que habían estado vedados, como son los cargos jerárquicos y de decisión dentro de las grandes empresas. Como se muestra en este trabajo el ingreso de las mujeres, en una escala desconocida en las décadas anteriores, se dio también en el marco de la reconversión por lo cual su participación, también, puede ser vista como parte de dicho proceso. Por último, este trabajo se ha basado en el análisis de fuentes secundarias y entrevistas a mujeres que ocupan cargos de responsabilidad y han trabajado en el sector desde finales de la década de 1970 al presente.; This work analyzes the insertion of women in the world of wine in the province of Mendoza (Argentina) in the context of the wine-growing transformation of the late last century. In particular, it analyzes the insertion of women in sectors of activity that had been prohibited, such as hierarchical and decision-making positions within large companies. As shown in this work, the income of women, on a scale unknown in previous decades, also occurred within the framework of reconversion, so their participation can also be seen as part of said process. Finally, this work has been based on the analysis of secondary sources and interviews with women who hold positions of responsibility and have worked in the sector from the late 1970s to the present.; Este trabalho analisa a inserção das mulheres no mundo do vinho na província de Mendoza (Argentina) no contexto da transformação vitivinícola do final do século passado. Em particular, analisa-se a inserção das mulheres em setores de atividade proibidos, como cargos hierárquicos e de decisão em grandes empresas. Conforme evidenciado neste trabalho, a renda das mulheres, em escala desconhecida nas décadas anteriores, também ocorreu no âmbito da reconversão, de modo que sua participação também pode ser vista como parte desse processo. Por fim, este trabalho baseou-se na análise de fontes secundárias e entrevistas com mulheres que ocupam cargos de responsabilidade e atuam no setor desde o final da década de 1970 até a atualidade.

Ciencia y Literatura del Piero, Gina Distinguir los ámbitos de la ciencia y la literatura quizás no sea una tarea difícil en la actualidad, en que las actividades científica y literaria se perciben como distintas, incluso opuestas: una, en búsqueda de la absoluta precisión, el avance tecnológico y las fórmulas matemáticas que expliquen el mundo visible; otra, detrás del perspectivismo, el encuentro de lo bello y la densidad histórica. No obstante, las huellas de un pasado de cercanía aparecen de tanto en tanto: si se escribe un texto para convencer a un público acerca de los resultados de un estudio realizado en un laboratorio, si en una novela se busca describir un proceso químico o si se buscan los motivos emocionales que llevaron a un científico o a una científica a tomar ciertas decisiones profesionales. A pesar de estos indicios, reproducimos la idea de que la ciencia y la literatura ocupan esquinas opuestas en un cuadrilátero de boxeo, de igual manera que se enfrentan una serie de opuestos fundantes de la Modernidad: la razón y la emoción, la utilidad y la belleza, lo masculino y lo femenino, la descripción y la impresión.

América Latina y el Caribe: equidad y calidad frente al desafío de la segmentación; Latin America and the Caribbean: equity and quality in the face of the challenge of segmentation Maceira, Daniel Alejandro Por primera vez en la historia reciente somos testigos de cómo los sistemas de salud ocupan un lugar central en la agenda política. Ello ocurre bajo las peores circunstancias: una epidemia global que golpea a todos los países, sobre la cual, en un principio, no había información suficiente sobre cómo combatirla efectivamente. Intentando identificar aprendizajes y oportunidades de la adversidad, propongo esbozar algunos elementos que contribuyan al debate sobre cómo fortalecer la capacidad de respuesta de los esquemas de cobertura en salud de América Latina y el Caribe ante estos fenómenos que ponen a prueba la capacidad de las redes de atención sanitaria y desnudan las limitaciones de los mecanismos de protección financiera. La segmentación sistémica solo permite una respuesta equitativa y de calidad para la pandemia, si la coordinación entre las partes involucra todas las dimensiones del modelo organizacional, particularmente vigilancia epidemiológica, funcionamiento en red y gestión de la información.; For the first time in recent history, we are witnessing health systems taking center stage on the political agenda. This is happening under the worst circumstances: a global epi-demic that is hitting all countries, about which, at the beginning, there was not enough information on how to fight it effectively. To identify lessons learned and opportunities from adversity, I propose to outline some elements to contribute to the debate on how to strengthen the response capacity of health coverage schemes in Latin America and the Caribbean to these phenomena that test the capacity of health care networks and expose the limitations of financial protection mechanisms. Systemic segmentation only allows an equitable and quality response to the pandemic if the coordination between the parties involves all the dimensions of the organizational model, particularly epide-miological surveillance, networking and information management.

El efecto dominó: Impacto de las relaciones de familia del Código Civil y Comercial en el derecho del trabajo Herrera, Marisa; de la Torre, Natalia; Silva, Sabrina Anabel El presente artículo plantea el entrecruzamiento de dos ámbitos del derecho profundamente sociales y humanos: el derecho del trabajo y el derecho de las familias. Se pretende repensar el derecho laboral desde los Derechos Humanos partiéndose de la base o tomándose como uno de los tantos pilares, la idea de que la noción de familias es en plural con las connotaciones que de ello se deriva. Para ello, se propone colocar en off side una gran cantidad de normativas que habrían quedado obsoletas, contradictorias o incluso contrarias a la obligada perspectiva constitucional- convencional en una realidad social claramente, tan diferentes a la que se tuvo en miras al redactarse normativas básicas como el entonces Código Civil y la LCT; y presionar, instar, conminar, cuan efecto dominó, a reformar otras áreas del derecho que habrían quedado desfasadas por impacto del Código Civil y Comercial desde el punto de vista más macro, es decir, en lo que respecta al ordenamiento jurídico nacional y en esa búsqueda loable por alcanzar un sistema coherente tal como lo explicita el mencionado art. 2 del CCyC.

En la tierra y en el cielo: Energía solar fotovoltaica Martinez Bogado, Mónica Gladys En los últimos años, se registró en el país un renovado interés en el desarrollo de las denominadas fuentes renovables de energía, como consecuencia de una creciente conciencia de la necesidad del cuidado del medio ambiente y de la diversificación en la generación de electricidad. En el presente artículo se introducen los conceptos básicos de energía solar, de la disponibilidad del recurso y las aplicaciones de este tipo de energía. Por otra parte, se presentan las actividades de investigación y desarrollo que lleva adelante el Departamento Energía Solar de la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica en lo referente a las aplicaciones terrestres y espaciales de la energía solar fotovoltaica.; In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the development of so-called renewable energy sources in the country, as a result of an increasing awareness of the need for environmental care and diversification in electricity generation. This article introduces the basic concepts of solar energy, resource availability and applications of this type of energy. On the other hand, the research and development activities carried out by the Solar Energy Department of the National Atomic Energy Commission are presented, both in terms of terrestrial and space applications of photovoltaic solar energy.

Modern microbialites from the highaltitude andean turquesa lake (Catamarca, northwestern Argentina): linking microstructure and enviornmental conditions Della Vedova, Micaela; Villafañe, Patricio Guillermo; Lencina, Agustina Inés; Cónsole Gonella, Carlos Alfredo; Cury, Leonardo Fadel; Farias, Maria Eugenia Microbialites microstructures are the result of the dynamic interaction between physical, chemical and biological factors during their development. Thus, the understanding of microstructures represents a key approach in order to assess these relationships in space and time. The high-altitude Andean Turquesa lake is located at the northeast of the ??El Peinado?? volcano, and to the south of the Antofalla salt flat (26º39´14´´ S and 68º10´42´´ W). Three different microbialite levels (I, II and III) were identified on the coast and paleocoasts of the lake. Levels I and II are located on paleo shorelines and level III is currently underwater.Beyond the overall shape and macro-morphology similarities, levels I and II display a quite similar internal structure (oncoid type), with a microstructure characterized by interlamination of dense and dark micritic, and light micritic to microsparitic laminae. This suggests that despite the loss of depth, the environmental and biological parameters probably remained stable during the development of these two levels. In contrast, level III exhibits a parallel continuous and slightly sinuous lamination, characterized by the alternation of micrite and sparite. A variation in the environmental conditions is suggested by the differences in the microstructure at level III that differ from levels I and II, which is probably related with a synsedimentary increase in pore space. Results are suggestive since far from a crisis paradigm, in which extreme environments are hard for microbial colonisation after abrupt changes in environmental conditions (e.g. desiccation), the microbialites development is allowed once the main parameters are stabilized.

Realities Made to Order: About The Headless Woman Verardi, Malena Paula This chapter analyzes the resources and procedures used in the narrative of La mujer sin cabeza, in order to offer an approach to perception and “reality” as instances resulting from construction processes. Through modes of representation of time and space, the organization of transitions between planes, the relationship between the image track and the sound track, among others, the film foregrounds certain features of the northern Argentinean society (connections between social classes, gender relationships, links between past and present). At the same time, it refers to the ways of constructing and perceiving the environment, the surrounding world, that bear on such society. In this respect, the Lacanian categories –the imaginary-symbolic-real triad, the relationship between real and reality– as well as Slavoj Žižek’s rereadings on the subject, are functional as a means of questioning how the relationships between subjects and their environment are configured in the film. Thus, this paper analyzes the modes in which the narrative refers both to the mechanisms responsible for naturalizing a slanted view as well as to the effects of such view on the configuration of “reality”.

Non-ergodic (in Place of Stationary, Timeless) Economic Systems: Considerations Suggested by Joan Robinson’s Distinction between Two ‘Notions’ of Time in Economic Theory Dvoskin, Ariel; Trabucchi, Paolo In seeking our path among the complex of questions raised by the fourth characteristic ascribed by Luigi Pasinetti to the Cambridge School (notoriously, questions pertaining to the ‘treatment of time’ stem in all directions and are reflected in practically any part of an economic theory), we believe it is convenient to start from a point Pasinetti himself refers to in his discussion of that characteristic: namely, the ‘sharp distinction made by Joan Robinson between logical time and historical time’ (Pasinetti, 2007, p. 226). The reason is the following. Originally, the distinction was proposed to give evidence to certain elements whereby the neoclassical theory would fail to give a satisfactory account of a process of capital accumulation. As we shall see, these are basically, though by no means exclusively, elements preventing a full recognition of the degree of irreversibility (‘non-ergodicity’) that would be the feature of certain economic processes, changes in ‘logical’ time being prevalently used by Robinson as a metaphor for perfectly reversible changes. The fact is, however, that at a certain point Robinson felt that the criticisms she had raised against the neoclassical theory should also be directed against the classical theory, at least in the version we find in Piero Sraffa’s Production of Commodities: ‘The specification of a selfreproducing ... system such as that of Sraffa ... is in logical time, not in history (Robinson, 1974 [1978], p. 128). This has understandably resulted in, or has possibly given expression to, a fundamental division within what Pasinetti calls the Cambridge School; and it is for this reason that, although the question has already been addressed a number of times and without being able to cover the vast literature that has accumulated on the subject, we feel that we should start our comment from this particular point.