El Gran Carnicero y la pandemia; The Great Butcher and the Pandemic; Der Grosse Schlächter und die Pandemie Cragnolini, Monica Beatriz Se plantea en este artículo el vínculo entre pandemias zoonóticas de los últimos tiempos y tratamiento de los animales: ya sea de los animales de producción intensiva, que viven en condiciones de hacinamiento y stress, como de los animales salvajes, que son expulsados de sus hábitats para desmonte de bosques y uso de los suelos para monocultivos, que generalmente representan el alimento de los animales de producción. La figura del Gran Carnicero de la novela La jungla de Upton Sinclair permite pensar ese modelo capitalista de producción cárnica, que en la época actual se concentra en contadas compañías de agronegocios. Se plantea, al final, la necesidad de pensar en "otro modo de ser" diferente del sujeto que se cree dueño del mundo y de las vidas de los otros.; In this paper, the link between recent zoonotic pandemics and treatment of animals is discussed: whether intensively produced animals, living in conditions of overcrowding and stress, or wild animals, which are expelled from their habitats to clear forests and use the soil for monocultures, which are generally used as food for production animals. The figure of the Great Butcher in Upton Sinclair´s novel The jungle allows us to think about this capitalist model of meat production, which at the present time is concentrated in few agribusiness companies. In conclusion, is necessary to think in "another way of being" different from the subject who believes himself to be the owner of the world and of the lives of others.; Dieser Artikel untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen zoonotischen Pandemien der letzten Zeit und der Behandlung von Tieren: seien es intensiv produzierte Nutztiere, die unter Bedingungen von Überbelegung und Stress leben, oder Wildtiere, die aus ihren Lebensräumen vertrieben werden, um Wälder zu roden, die in der Regel die Nahrung der Nutztiere darstellen, und das Land für Monokulturen zu nutzen. Die Figur des "Großen Schlächters" in Upton Sinclairs Roman Der Dschungel erlaubt es uns, über dieses kapitalistische Modell der Fleischproduktion nachzudenken, das in der heutigen Zeit in einigen wenigen Agrarkonzernen konzentriert ist. Am Ende wird das Bedürfnis geweckt, über eine "andere Art des Seins" nachzudenken, die sich von dem Subjekt unterscheidet, das denkt, dass ihm die Welt und das Leben der anderen gehört.

Cis-regulatory chromatin loops arise before TADs and gene activation, and are independent of cell fate during early Drosophila development Espínola, Sergio Martín; Götz, Markus; Bellec, Maelle; Messina, Olivier; Fiche, Jean Bernard; Houbron, Christophe; Dejean, Matthieu; Reim, Ingolf; Cardozo Gizzi, Andres Mauricio; Lagha, Mounia; Nollmann, Marcelo Acquisition of cell fate is thought to rely on the specific interaction of remote cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), for example, enhancers and target promoters. However, the precise interplay between chromatin structure and gene expression is still unclear, particularly within multicellular developing organisms. In the present study, we employ Hi-M, a single-cell spatial genomics approach, to detect CRM–promoter looping interactions within topologically associating domains (TADs) during early Drosophila development. By comparing cis-regulatory loops in alternate cell types, we show that physical proximity does not necessarily instruct transcriptional states. Moreover, multi-way analyses reveal that multiple CRMs spatially coalesce to form hubs. Loops and CRM hubs are established early during development, before the emergence of TADs. Moreover, CRM hubs are formed, in part, via the action of the pioneer transcription factor Zelda and precede transcriptional activation. Our approach provides insight into the role of CRM–promoter interactions in defining transcriptional states, as well as distinct cell types.

Surface Laser Treatment on Ferritic Ductile Iron: Effect of Linear Energy on Microstructure, Chemical Composition, and Hardness Catalán, Néstor; Ramos Moore, Esteban; Boccardo, Adrian Dante; Celentano, Diego Javier; Alam, Nazmul; Walczak, Magdalena; Gunasegaram, Dayalan Surface transformation treatments like laser surface melting and laser surface hardening have been mostly developed in austempered ductile iron and gray cast iron. In this work, we explore the effects of the linear laser energy of the treatment on the microstructure, chemical composition, and hardness of ferritic nodular cast iron, using a fiber delivery diode laser. We found changes in the microstructure above 120 J/mm, characterized by the presence of graphite nodules surrounded by martensitic/dendritic shells. Above 316 J/mm, Fe3C and γ-Fe2O3 phases arise, together with a saturation of the microhardness around 1000 HV0.3 within the first 200 μm of depth, and of the surface hardness around 90 HR15N. Changes in microstructure and composition due to the laser treatment directly affect the thermal diffusion between the surface-modified zones and the nodular cast iron bulk. Our work highlights the importance of the linear energy in the design and planning of laser treatments.

Vulnerabilidad hídrica del gran Córdoba ante escenarios de sequías y análisis de alternativas para la provisión de agua Lopez, Erica Elizabeth; Pintos, Gabriela; Corral, Mariano Andres; Rodriguez, Andres En este trabajo se presenta un análisis preliminar de la situación actual del abastecimiento de agua al Gran Córdoba y los departamentos de la región central de la Provincia, en donde se han estudiado fuentes alternativas de provisión y las respectivas obras con el objetivo de asegurar el suministro de agua potable a la población actual y permitir el desarrollo de la región en un futuro a mediano y largo plazo. En este sentido, se actualizan estudios previos, y se analizan diferentes alternativas para garantizar la provisión de agua potable a mediano y corto plazo en condiciones de escasez hídrica.; This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the current situation of water supply to Gran Córdoba and the departments of the central region of the Province. Alternative sources of supply and the respective works have been studied with the aim of ensuring the supply of drinking water to the current population and allowing the development of the region in the medium and long term. In this sense, previous studies are updated, and different alternatives are analyzed to guarantee the provision of drinking water in the medium and short term under conditions of water scarcity.

Bosques maduros de talas y pájaros carpinteros Jauregui, Adrian; Rodríguez, Sabrina; Segura, Luciano Noel Los pájaros carpinteros de la bahía de Samborombón horadan troncos de talas maduros y nidifican en las cavidades que crean. De ahí la importancia de conservar esos árboles.

Dietas saludables y sustentables, ¿Son posibles en la Argentina? Arrieta, Ezequiel Martín; González, Alejandro D.; Fernández, Roberto J. Para afrontar el reto de alimentar a una población creciente que cambia su estilo de vida y su dieta y, al mismo tiempo, tratar de conservar los recursos naturales y proteger la biodiversidad, se proponen tres estrategias principales para lograr tales objetivos: 1) cambiar la forma de producir los alimentos en el campo (aumentando la eficiencia), 2) reducir las pérdidas y desperdicios a lo largo de la cadena agroalimentaria, y 3) promover la adopción de dietas saludables y sostenibles. Las dos primeras estrategias fueron contempladas en nuestro país y forman parte de la agenda académica, gubernamental y productiva, pero la tercera ha sido muy poco explorada. A través de un análisis de la bibliografía destacamos la importancia de incluir a las dietas saludables como herramienta para contribuir simultáneamente a la sustentabilidad del sistema agroalimentario y al mejoramiento de la salud pública, y resaltamos los desafíos que esto implicaría para el abastecimiento del mercado interno. Para ello, primero presentamos información de los impactos ambientales de los sistemas agroalimentarios y las dos primeras estrategias nombradas, utilizadas tradicionalmente para abordarlos. Segundo, exponemos los motivos por los cuales la búsqueda de la eficiencia no debería ser el único camino a seguir debido a las consecuencias esperadas del cada vez mejor conocido "Efecto Rebote" (o Paradoja de Jevons). Tercero, analizamos las evidencias a favor de una correlación positiva entre los beneficios para la salud de varios grupos de alimentos (en general, de origen vegetal) y el impacto relativamente bajo que tiene su producción sobre el ambiente. Finalmente, hacemos un breve análisis físico (no económico) sobre la capacidad que tendría el sistema agroalimentario nacional para proveer de alimentos saludables en cantidad suficiente y sus consecuencias para el ambiente y el sector productivo.

Conocimiento ecológico tradicional, técnicas de pesca y manejo de la ictiofauna en la población de San Javier (Santa Fe, Argentina). Martino, Juan Pablo; Arias Toledo, Barbara El sistema formado por el río Paraná, sus afluentes y la llanura aluvial asociada tiene aproximadamente 200 especies de peces pertenecientes a 11 órdenes. En el sentido ictiogeográfico, es una de las regiones con mayor abundancia y diversidad de especies de agua dulce en el mundo. Numerosas poblaciones a lo largo del río Paraná hacen de la ictiofauna su principal recurso de subsistencia.El conocimiento general de los hábitos de vida y alimentación de los peces es sin duda la herramienta más valiosa para la pesca a través de diversos artes de pesca heredados a lo largo de la historia. En la mayoría de los casos, el conocimiento popular coincide plenamente con la literatura científica, que a su vez refleja la efectividad y el manejo adecuado de la fauna íctica por parte de los pescadores.

Bio-paraffin from Soybean Oil as Eco-friendly Alternative to Mineral Waxes Romero, Sandra Zulema; Minari, Roque Javier; Collins, Sebastián Enrique Blends of fully and partial hydrogenated soybean oil, with 50/50 and 80/20 wt %, were chemically interesterified. The composition-texture relationships were investigated and established for the set of investigated materials. The raw materials, the original and interesterified blends, were analyzed in terms of their fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions by gas chromatography. All materials were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polymorphic forms were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), crystalline structures were characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), and textures were characterized by penetration testing. Interesterification caused a rearrangement of triacylglycerol species, reducing the concentration of trisaturated, triunsaturated, and diunsaturated triacylglycerols, increasing the amount of monounsaturated triacylglycerol, and resulting in a lowering of melting points as compared with the original blends. This modification in the chemical composition clearly changed the crystallization behavior, producing reductions in crystal size, alterations in crystalline polymorphism, and increases in plasticity in the blends. Interesterified materials displayed melting and textural characteristics suited for potential mineral wax substitutes.

Biased agonism at histamine H1 receptor: desensitization, internalization and MAPK activation triggered by antihistamines Burghi, Valeria; Echeverría, Emiliana Beatriz; Zappia, Carlos Daniel; Díaz, Antonela Susana; Ripoll, Sonia; Gómez, Natalia; Shayo, Carina Claudia; Davio, Carlos Alberto; Monczor, Federico; Fernández, Natalia C. Histamine H1 receptor ligands used clinically as antiallergics rank among the most widely prescribed and over-the-counter drugs in the world. They exert the therapeutic actions by blocking the effects of histamine, due to null or negative efficacy towards Gαq-phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol triphosphates (IP3)?Ca2+ and nuclear factor-kappa B cascades. However, there is no information regarding their ability to modulate other receptor responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether histamine H1 receptor ligands could display positive efficacy concerning receptor desensitization, internalization, signaling through Gαq independent pathways or even transcriptional regulation of proinflammatory genes. While diphenhydramine, triprolidine and chlorpheniramine activate ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway in A549 cells, pre-treatment with chlorpheniramine or triprolidine completely desensitize histamine H1 receptor mediated Ca2+ response, and both diphenhydramine and triprolidine lead to receptor internalization. Unlike histamine, histamine H1 receptor desensitization and internalization induced by antihistamines prove to be independent of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) phosphorylation. Also, unlike the reference agonist, the recovery of the number of cell-surface histamine H1 receptors is a consequence of de novo synthesis. On the other hand, all of the ligands lack efficacy regarding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA regulation. However, a prolonged exposure with each of the antihistamines impaires the increase in COX-2 and IL-8 mRNA levels induced by histamine, even after ligand removal. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the biased nature of histamine H1 receptor ligands contributing to a more accurate classification, and providing evidence for a more rational and safe use of them.

Influence of steroids on hydrogen bonds in membranes assessed by near infrared spectroscopy Wenz, Jorge Javier The covalent O[sbnd]H bonds of water vibrate and absorb radiation in the near infrared (NIR) region at wavelengths that vary according to the strength of the bonds which, at the same time, are sensitive to the number and/or strength of hydrogen bonds. By means of multivariate analytical tools, such spectral shift was exploited to study the effect of temperature, 25-hydroxycholesterol and progesterone on the H-bonded network of water in DMPA membranes. Temperature was found as the dominating factor altering the NIR spectra of water and then the H-bonds. Increasing temperatures disrupt the H-bonds network, strengthening the O[sbnd]H covalent bonds. The disruption of the H-bonds along the 13–58 °C range was noticeably greater than that caused by lipids or steroids at 500 μM. The H-bonded network of the interfacial water in DMPA membranes was disrupted by the presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol, but no significant disruption was observed in the presence of progesterone. The reduction of the H-bonds entails a reduction in the aggregation of the interfacial water by a reduction in the number of H-bonded molecules. It is proposed that the number of water molecules bonded with two H-bonds diminishes and the number of molecules with no H-bond increases roughly at similar proportions, with a constant population of molecules with one H-bond. The opposed effects of steroids are discussed in the context of their opposed effects on the phase state of membranes, the membrane water content and the steroid molecular structure.

A new species of Cosmoclopius Stål, 1866 from Argentina (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) Varela, Pablo Sebastian; Melo, María Cecilia A new species of Cosmoclopius Stål, 1866, C. joceliae sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected in northern Argentina. This new species is recognized by the vertical and truncate median process of pygophore, and the shortrecurved spine on the apex of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite; and other features such as the dorsally black head, pronotum, and femora, and the thoracic sterna black with median pale markings; some females show lighter posterior pronotal lobe and femora with more conspicuous dark and pale bands. Digital images of the adult male and female and male genitalia are provided, as well as a comparison with the species of the genus are given.

Variaciones espacio-temporales de la mortalidad por COVID-19 en barrios de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Spatiotemporal variations in mortality from COVID-19 in neighborhoods of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina Leveau, Carlos Marcelo INTRODUCCIÓN: Estudios recientes muestran un riesgo mayor de mortalidad por la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) en áreas de nivel socioeconómico bajo. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir las variaciones espacio-temporales de la mortalidad por COVID-19 al interior de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos notificados al día, mes y año, y el lugar de residencia de las personas fallecidas por COVID-19 en CABA desde el 3 de marzo hasta el 3 de octubre de 2020. Las unidades espaciales fueron los 48 barrios que componen CABA y se analizaron dos poblaciones (menores de 60 años y a partir de esta edad o mayores). Se utilizaron técnicas de escaneo espacio-temporal para detectar conglomerados de mortalidad alta y baja. Se comparó el porcentaje de hogares con necesidades básicas insatisfechas (NBI), como medida de pobreza estructural, de los barrios con conglomerados de mortalidad alta con el de los barrios con conglomerados de mortalidad baja. RESULTADOS: Los conglomerados de mortalidad alta se localizaron, en su mayoría, en el sur de la ciudad, mientras que los conglomerados de mortalidad baja lo hicieron en las zonas Oeste y Norte. Los barrios de conglomerados de mortalidad alta mostraron porcentajes de hogares con NBI más elevados en comparación con los barrios con conglomerados de mortalidad baja. DISCUSIÓN: Este estudio encontró desigualdades socio-espaciales de la mortalidad por COVID-19 entre barrios de CABA, lo que refleja una brecha socioeconómica con un eje Norte-Sur, persistente desde hace varias décadas.; INTRODUCTION: Recent studies show an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 in areas of low socioeconomic status. The objective of this study is to describe the spatio-temporal variations in mortality from COVID-19 within the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). METHODS: Data referring to the day, month and year, and the place of residence of the people who died from COVID-19 in CABA from March 3 to October 3, 2020 were used. The spatial units were the 48 neighborhoods that make up the CABA and two populations were analyzed (under 60 years and from this age or older). Spatio-temporal scan statistics were used to detect high and low mortality clusters. The percentage of households with Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN), as a measure of structural poverty, was compared between neighborhoods belonging to high mortality clusters and neighborhoods belonging to low mortality clusters. RESULTS: The high mortality clusters were located mainly in the southern half of CABA, while the low mortality clusters were located in the west and north of the city. The neighborhoods of high mortality clusters showed higher percentages of households with UBN compared to the neighborhoods belonging to low mortality clusters. DISCUSSION: This study found socio-spatial inequalities in mortality from COVID-19 between neighborhoods in CABA, reflecting a persistent north-south socioeconomic gap for several decades.

“Entonces, Victoria, plante su cruz ahora, la cruz de los suyos”: Los inicios de Ocampo como gestora artística y cultural en Argentina durante el gobierno de Marcelo T de Alvear; "Then, Victoria, plant your cross now, the cross of yours": Ocampo's beginnings as an artistic and cultural manager in Argentina during the government of Marcelo T de Alvear González, María Soledad El presente artículo se propone abordar a Victoria Ocampo como gestora artística y cultural antes de Sur. Para esto, recurriremos al abordaje de algunos pasajes de sus Testimonios y al cuarto volumen de su Autobiografía titulado “Viraje”, para comprender su labor antes de su consagración a partir de los treinta. Como hipótesis expresamos que Ocampo inicia su recorrido como gestora artística y cultural en los veinte en el marco del gobierno de Marcelo T. de Alvear y que dicho posicionamiento escasamente abordado por la crítica permite leerla en el trayecto inicial a partir de los nexos entre cultura, arte y política, y de la legitimación que buscaba lograr a partir de ese entrelazamiento. Buscaremos por medio del recurso de la comparación interpretarla en dos escenarios que permiten explicar su agencia: el de la hospitalidad y de lo institucional.; This article aims to address Victoria Ocampo as an artistic and cultural manager before Sur. For this, we will turn to the approach of some passages of her Testimonios and the fourth volume of his Autobiografía entitled "Viraje", to understand her work before her consecration from the thirties. As a hypothesis, we express that Ocampo began her journey as an artistic and cultural manager in the twenties within the framework of the government of Marcelo T. de Alvear and that position rarely addressed by critics allows reading it in the initial journey from the links between culture, art and politics, and from the legitimation that it sought to achieve from that intertwining. We will seek through the resource of comparison to interpret it in two scenarios that allow us to explain its agency:the hospitality and the institutional.

¿Las plantas exóticas leñosas dependen de los polinizadores para reproducirse?: Un estudio de caso en las Sierras de la Ventana (Argentina); Do exotic plants depend on pollinators for reproduction?: A case study in Sierras de la Ventana (Argentina) Martinez, Lucia Carolina; Haedo, Joana Paola; Marrero, Hugo Javier En diferentes medidas, la mayoría de las plantas con flores dependen de los polinizadores para su reproducción. En el caso de las especies exóticas, el grado de dependencia es clave, ya que puede afectar su éxito en la colonización de nuevos ambientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el grado de dependencia de los polinizadores de cinco especies de plantas entomófilas exóticas en pastizales pampeanos de las Sierras de la Ventana. Se determinó si las diferencias en la dependencia se relacionan con la ubicación geográfica y con la filogenia de las especies vegetales. Las especies estudiadas fueron Spartium junceum, Genista monspessulana, Prunus mahaleb, Rosa rubiginosa y Rubus ulmifolius. El muestreo se realizó en el Parque Provincial Ernesto Tornquist (Provincia de Buenos Aires) y en zonas aledañas a éste. En los picos de floración de cada especie y en diferentes sitios se seleccionaron individuos a los que se les realizaron dos tratamientos en flores previamente embolsadas: autopolinización y polinización cruzada. Además, se dejaron flores sin polinizar como controles. Luego, se calculó la probabilidad de formación de frutos y la cantidad de semillas tanto en el control como bajo los diferentes tratamientos. Finalmente, se compararon los resultados de este estudio con otros realizados en diferentes regiones (excepto para R. ulmifolius). Las especies de plantas estudiadas mostraron una respuesta variada en cuanto a la dependencia de polinizadores, desde especies muy dependientes (e.g., S. junceum, G. monspessulana y P. mahaleb) hasta otras menos dependientes (e.g., R. rubiginosa y R. ulmifolius). Esto indica que la dependencia de los polinizadores puede ser variable en plantas que estén colonizando un hábitat fuera de su distribución nativa. Adicionalmente, existen variaciones en el grado de dependencia según el área geográfica, excepto para R. rubiginosa, lo que muestra que la localización geográfica puede influir sobre la dependencia de polinizadores de las plantas leñosas.; Most of the flowering plants depend on pollinators, in different degrees, for their reproduction. The degree of pollinator dependence is especially important in exotic plants because it could determine their colonization success in new locations. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of pollinator dependence in five exotic entomophilous plant species in a Pampean grassland located in Sierra de Ventana. It was determined if the differences in dependency are related to the geographic location and the phylogeny of plant species. The plants species were Spartium junceum, Genista monspessulana, Prunus mahaleb, Rosa rubiginosa and Rubus ulmifolius. Sampling was carried out in the Ernesto Tornquist Provincial Park and in surrounding areas (Buenos Aires Province). During the flowering peak of each species and in different sites, two treatments were undertaken in pre-bagged flowers: self-pollination and cross-pollination. Also, others pre-bagged flowers were left without pollination as control. Later, the probability of fruit develop and seed set under the two treatments and the control were assessed. Finally, the results of this study were compared with studies carried out in other regions (except for R. ulmifolius). The studied plant species showed a varied response to pollinator dependence, from very dependent species, such as S. junceum, G. monspessulana and P. mahaleb, to low dependent species such as R. rubiginosa y R. ulmifolius. Our results indicate that pollinator dependence can be variable in plants species that are colonizing non-native habitats. Furthermore, there are variations in the degree of pollinator dependency according to the geographical area, except for R. rubiginosa, showing that the geographical location can influence the dependence on pollinators for woody plants.

High Visual-Quality Scenes in Low-Cost Virtual Reality with Collisions and Irregular Surfaces Selzer, Matias Nicolas; Ganuza, María Luján; Castro, Silvia Mabel Mobile phones offer an excellent low-cost alternative for Virtual Reality. However, the hardware constraints of these devices restrict the displayable visual complexity of graphics.Image-Based Rendering techniques arise as an alternative to solve this problem, but usually, the support of collisions and irregular surfaces (i.e. any surface that is not flat or even) represents a challenge. In this work, we present a technique suitable for both virtual and real-world environments that handle collisions and irregular surfaces for an Image-Based Rendering technique in low-cost virtual reality. We also conducted a user evaluation for finding the distance between images that presents a realistic and natural experience by maximizing the perceived virtual presence and minimizing the cybersickness effects. The results prove the benefits of our technique for both virtual and real-world environments.

Dissemination of blaNDM–1 Gene Among Several Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Types in Mexico Associated With Horizontal Transfer Mediated by IncF-Like Plasmids Toledano Tableros, José Eduardo; Gayosso Vázquez, Catalina; Jarillo Quijada, María Dolores; Fernández Vázquez, José Luis; Morfin Otero, Rayo; Rodríguez Noriega, Eduardo; Giono Cerezo, Silvia; Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo; Di Conza, José Alejandro; Santos Preciado, José Ignacio; Alcántar Curiel, María Dolores Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe NDM-1- producing K. pneumoniae strains causing bacteremia in a tertiary referral hospital in Mexico. MDR K. pneumoniae isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of resistance genes. In resistant isolates, plasmids were identified and conjugation assays were performed. Clonal diversity and the sequence types were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 80 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from patients with bacteremia over a 1-year period. These isolates showed a level of resistance of 59% (47/80) to aztreonam, 56–60% (45–48/80) to cephalosporins, 54% (43/80) to colistin and 12.5% (10/80) to carbapenems. The carbapenem resistant isolates were blaNDM−1 carriers and negative for blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaOXA−48−like carbapenemases genes. Conjugative plasmids IncFIIA and IncF group with sizes of 82–195 kbp were carriers of blaNDM−1, blaCTX−M−15, blaTEM−1, aac(60 )-Ib and/or aac(30 )-IIa. Clonal variability and nine different multilocus sequence types were detected (ST661, ST683, ST1395, ST2706, ST252, ST1198, ST690, ST1535, and ST3368) for the first time in the isolates carrying blaNDM−1 in Mexico. This study demonstrates that blaNDM−1 has remained within this hospital in recent years and suggests that it is currently the most prevalent carbapenemase among K. pneumoniae MDR strains causing bacteremia in Mexico. The horizontal transfer of blaNDM−1 gene through IncF-like plasmids among different clones demonstrates the dissemination pathway of antimicrobial resistance and underscore the need for strong and urgent joint measures to control the spread of NDM-1 carbapenemase in the hospital.

Eugenia Sacerdote de Lustig junto a Elena Matos No especifica Retrato de Eugenia Sacerdote de Lustig junto a Elena Matos

The potential for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as cestocidal drugs Vaca, Hugo Rolando; Celentano, Ana M.; Toscanini, María Agustina; Heimburg, Tino; Ghazy, Ehab; Zeyen, Patrik; Hauser, Alexander Thomas; Oliveira, Guilherme; Elissondo, María Celina; Jung, Manfred; Sippl, Wolfgang; Camicia, Federico; Rosenzvit, Mara Cecilia Background: Echinococcosis and cysticercosis are neglected tropical diseases caused by cestode parasites (family Taeniidae). Not only there is a small number of approved anthelmintics for the treatment of these cestodiases, but also some of them are not highly effective against larval stages, such that identifying novel drug targets and their associated compounds is critical. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes are validated drug targets in cancers and other diseases, and have been gaining relevance for developing new potential anti-parasitic treatments in the last years. Here, we present the anthelmintic profile for a panel of recently developed HDAC inhibitors against the model cestode Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti).Methodology/principal findings: Phenotypic screening was performed on M. vogae by motility measurements and optical microscopic observations. Some HDAC inhibitors showed potent anthelmintic activities; three of them-entinostat, TH65, and TH92 -had pronounced anthelmintic effects, reducing parasite viability by ~100% at concentrations of ≤ 20 μM. These compounds were selected for further characterization and showed anthelmintic effects in the micromolar range and in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, these compounds induced major alterations on the morphology and ultrastructural features of M. vogae. The potencies of these compounds were higher than albendazole and the anthelmintic effects were irreversible. Additionally, we evaluated pairwise drug combinations of these HDAC inhibitors and albendazole. The results suggested a positive interaction in the anthelmintic effect for individual pairs of compounds. Due to the maximum dose approved for entinostat, adjustments in the dose regime and/or combinations with currently-used anthelmintic drugs are needed, and the selectivity of TH65 and TH92 towards parasite targets should be assessed.Conclusion, significance: The results presented here suggest that HDAC inhibitors represent novel and potent drug candidates against cestodes and pave the way to understanding the roles of HDACs in these parasites.

Houssay con el Dr. Charles Nicolle y sra., la Dra. Wollman, el Dr. F Rosenbusch y el Dr. Salvador Mazza Bernardo A. Houssay junto al célebre profesor Charles Nicolle (Premio Nobel de Medicina 1928) y su esposa; en el centro la doctora Wollman y hacia la derecha los doctores Francisco Conrado Rosenbusch (1887-1969, maestro veterinario e impulsor científico trascendente en el área de la veterinaria ganadera ) y el Dr. Salvador Mazza (1886-1946, quién estudió y combatió la tripanosomosis americana, enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza). Fotografía gentileza del Banco de Imágenes de la Biblioteca Central de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Base de datos: CPA, id.071.

Houssay con Argentino Bonetto inaugurando el INALI, en Santa Fe El Dr. Bernardo A. Houssay con Argentino Bonetto inaugurando el Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI) en Santo Tomé, Santa Fe. El INALI fue primer instituto del CONICET. Argentino Aurelio Bonetto ( 1920-1998, destacado naturalista, ictiólogo, limnólogo y catedrático argentino).