Incipient speciation in Calceolaria polyrhiza complex (Calceolariaceae): Cytogenetic analysis supports molecular and morphological data Mermoud, Sebastian Ricardo; Cosacov Martinez, Andrea; Sersic, Alicia Noemi; Acosta, María Cristina Calceolaria polyrhiza is a perennial herb distributed in southern South America. The species is highly polymorphic and includes four described morphotypes that were previously considered different species. We performed a detailed study of the karyotype of each morphotype considering at least two localities for each one, with the aim of contributing to the taxonomic delimitation of the Calceolaria polyrhiza complex. In addition, a principal component analysis and a mapping of chromosome traits onto a phylogeny of nuclear DNA sequences were performed. This detailed karyotypic study has revealed specific markers, which have allowed to characterize each morphotype. ‘Prichardii’ morphotype was consistently polyploid. ‘Mendocina’ and ‘Lanceolata’ morphotypes had the highest total heterochromatin amount, with two pairs of chromosomes carrying NORs. ‘Mendocina’ samples showed the most asymmetrical karyotypes. ‘Polyrhiza’ morphotype had the most symmetrical karyotypes of the four morphotypes and the simplest fluorescent chromosome banding pattern. Thus, the four morphotypes could be characterized by chromosomal data and, together with the phylogenetic analysis of molecular data, could be considered taxonomic units in the process of diversification.

Defying death: incorporating fossils into the phylogeny of the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiidae, Marchantiophyta) confirms high order clades but reveals discrepancies in family-level relationships Flores, Jorge Rafael; Bippus, Alexander C.; Suarez, Guillermo Martin; Hyvönen, Jaakko In recent years, the use of extensive molecular and morphological datasets has clarified the phylogenetic relationships among the orders of complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiidae). However, previous studies excluded extinct taxa; thereby, undersampling the actual taxonomic diversity of the group. Here, we conducted a total-evidence analysis of Marchantiidae incorporating fossils. The combined dataset consisted of 11 genes—sampled from the nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid genomes—and 128 morphological characters. Sixty-two species, representing all classes and orders within Marchantiophyta and genera within Marchantiidae were included in the analyses. Six fossils were scored from literature: two assigned to the outgroup (Metzgeriothallus sharonae and Pallaviciniites sandaolingensis) and four to the ingroup (Marchantites cyathodoides, M. huolinhensis, Ricciopsis ferganica and R. sandaolingensis). Tree searches were conducted using parsimony as the optimality criterion. Clade sensitivity was assessed across a wide range of weighting regimes. Also, we evaluated the influence of fossils on the inferred topologies and branch support. Our results were congruent with previously inferred clades above the order level: Neohodgsoniales was sister to a clade formed by Sphaerocarpales and Marchantiales. However, relationships among families within Marchantiales contradicted recent studies. For instance, a clade consisting of Monosoleniaceae, Wiesnerellaceae and Targioniaceae was sister to the morphologically simple taxa instead of being nested within them as in previous studies. Novel synapomorphies were found for several clades within Marchantiales. Outgroup fossils were more influential than Marchantiidae fossils on overall topologies and branch support values. Except for a single weighting scheme, sampling continuous characters and down-weighting characters improved fossil stability. Ultimately, our results challenge the widespread notion that bryophyte fossils are problematic for phylogenetic inference.

La configuración de necroespacialidades vivenciadas por adolescentes varones implicados con el narcotráfico en las periferias pobres del gran Buenos Aires, Argentina; A configuração de necroespacialidades vivenciadas por adolescente do sexo masculino envolvidos com o narcotráfico nas periferias pobres da Grande Buenos Aires, Argentinas; The Configuration of Necro-spacialities Experienced for Male Adolescents Involved with Drug Trafficking in Poor Peripheries of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina Rocha, Heder Leandro; Lan, Diana Graciela Este texto objetiva la comprensión de cómo se configuran las necroespacialidades en la vivencia cotidiana de los adolescentes varones implicados con el narcotráfico en las periferias pobres del Gran Buenos Aires (GBA). Fueron realizadas 13 entrevistas en profundidad con adolescentes varones en tratamiento por el policonsumo problemático de drogas y que en algún momento de sus vidas estuvieron implicados con el narcotráfico. Se utilizó como metodología el análisis de contenido del discurso (Bardin, 1977) y la sistematización por frecuencia y espacialidad de las categorías discursivas, conforme la propuesta de Gomes (1993). A partir de este análisis fue posible identificar las formas por las cuales el accionar biopolítico y necropolítico instituyen necroespacialidades vivenciadas de forma multiescalar por los sujetos. El barrio, la calle, la casa y el propio cuerpo son vivenciados a partir de la muerte violenta en las periferias pobres que viven estos adolescentes.; O presente texto objetiva a compreensão de como as necroespacialidades são configuradas nas experiências diárias de adolescentes envolvidos com o tráfico de drogas nas periferias pobres da Grande Buenos Aires (GBA). Foram realizadas 13 entrevistas em profundidade com adolescentes do sexo masculino em tratamento para o policonsumo problemático de drogas, que em algum momento de suas vidas estavam envolvidos com o tráfico de drogas. Se utilizou como metodologia a análise do conteúdo do discurso (Bardin, 1977) e a sistematização por frequência e espacialidade das categorias discursivas, conforme proposta de Gomes (1993). A partir da análise realizada foi possível identificar como os dispositivos da biopolítica e da necropolítica instituem necroespacialidades que são vivenciadas de forma multiscalar pelos sujeitos. O bairro, a rua, a casa e o próprio corpo são vivenciados a partir da morte violenta nas periferias pobres que esses adolescentes vivem.; This text aims to understand how necro-spatialities are configured in the daily experience of male adolescents involved with drug trafficking in the poor peripheries of Greater Buenos Aires (GBA). Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with male adolescents in treatment for problematic drug use and who at some point in their lives were involved with drug trafficking. Discourse content analysis (Bardin, 1977) and the systematization by frequency and spatiality of discursive categories were used as methodology, according to the proposal of Gomes (1993). From this analysis it was possible to identify the ways in which biopolitical and necropolitical actions institute necro-spatialities experienced in a multiscalar way by the subjects. The neighborhood, the street, the house and the body itself are experienced from the violent death in the poor peripheries that these adolescents live.

Diabetes mellitus remission in three cats with hypersomatotropism after cabergoline treatment Miceli, Diego Daniel; Vidal, Patricia Noemi; Pompili, Gustavo A; Castillo, Víctor A; Soler Arias, Elber A; Niessen, Stijn JM Three diabetic cats presented with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and poor glycemic control. Cat 1 displayed prognathia inferior and had a body condition score (BCS) of 4/5; cat 2 had a BCS of 5/5; and cat 3 had broad facial features. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations were compatible with hypersomatotropism in cat 1 and cat 2 (>1500 ng/ml and 1200 ng/ml, respectively) and just below the cut-off of 1000 ng/ml (947 ng/ml) in cat 3; in this last cat diagnosis was further supported by the presence of pituitary enlargement on MRI. Oral cabergoline (10 μg/kg q48h) was initiated. Insulin requirements progressively reduced, as evidenced by daily blood glucose monitoring and weekly blood glucose curves. Diabetic remission occurred in all three cats between the second and third months of cabergoline treatment. At the time of writing, remission has persisted thus far (cat 1: 23 months; cat 2: 14 months; cat 3: 38 months). Relevance and novel information: To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of diabetic remission in cats with hypersomatotropism after cabergoline treatment, despite previous reports of this being an ineffective treatment. Further work is indicated to determine why some cats do, and others do not, respond to this treatment.

Memorias silenciadas y memorias patrimonializadas: identidades indígenas y gauchescas en el sudoeste bonaerense (Argentina); Silenced memories and patrimonialized memories: indigenous and gauchescas identities in the southwest of Buenos Aires (Argentina) Hernán, Perriere En el presente artículo considero los procesos de patrimonialización estatal en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El objetivo es presentar un relevamiento de Monumentos y Lugares Históricos y “Fiestas Gauchas” para focalizar en dos activaciones patrimoniales donde los pueblos indígenas son silenciados y la figura del gaucho es evocada y sus saberes, prácticas y conocimientos patrimonializados. Analizo las declaraciones patrimoniales del Fortín Cuatreros como Monumento Histórico Nacional y la Fiesta de la Llanuras como fiesta representativa de la tradición gauchesca. Estas declaraciones se complementan con el análisis de artículos periodísticos y videos de internet. La hipótesis es que las políticas estatales de patrimonialización que recurren a las identificaciones relativas a lo gauchesco y lo indígena han sido diferenciadas, y esto incide en los procesos de memorias que se trasmiten intergeneracionalmente.; In this article, we consider the state patrimonialization processes in the southwest of the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The objective is to present a survey of Monuments and Historic Places and “Fiestas Gauchas” to focus on two patrimonial activations where indigenous peoples are silenced and the figure of the gaucho is evoked and his knowledge, practices and heritage heritage. I analyze the patrimonial declarations of the Fortín Cuatreros as a National Historic Monument and the Fiesta de las Llanuras as the representative festival of gaucho tradition. These statements are complemented by the analysis of newspaper articles and internet videos. The hypothesis is that the state patrimonialization polics that are repeated to the identifications related to the gaucho and the indigenous have been differentiated, and this affects the memory processes that are transmitted intergenerationally.

The impact of socioeconomic and phenotypic traits on self-perception of ethnicity in Latin America Paschetta, Carolina Andrea; de Azevedo, Soledad; Ramallo, Virginia; Cintas, Celia; Pérez, Orlando Alberto; Navarro, Jose Pablo; Bandieri, Lucas Martín; Quinto Sánchez, Mirsha Emmanuel; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Bortolini, Maria Catira; Poletti Ferrara, Giovanni; Gallo, Carla; Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel; Rothhammer, Francisco; Alonzo, Victor Acuña; Ruiz Linares, Andrés; González José, Rolando Self-perception of ethnicity is a complex social trait shaped by both, biological and non-biological factors. We developed a comprehensive analysis of ethnic self-perception (ESP) on a large sample of Latin American mestizos from five countries, differing in age, socio-economic and education context, external phenotypic attributes and genetic background. We measured the correlation of ESP against genomic ancestry, and the influence of physical appearance, socio-economic context, and education on the distortion observed between both. Here we show that genomic ancestry is correlated to aspects of physical appearance, which in turn affect the individual ethnic self-perceived ancestry. Also, we observe that, besides the significant correlation among genomic ancestry and ESP, specific physical or socio-economic attributes have a strong impact on self-perception. In addition, the distortion among ESP and genomic ancestry differs across age ranks/countries, probably suggesting the underlying effect of past public policies regarding identity. Our results indicate that individuals’ own ideas about its origins should be taken with caution, especially in aspects of modern life, including access to work, social policies, and public health key decisions such as drug administration, therapy design, and clinical trials, among others.

Biodiversity and the challenge of pluralism Pascual, Unai; Adams, William M.; Díaz, Sandra Myrna; Lele, Sharachchandra; Mace, Georgina M.; Turnhout, Esther The lack of progress in reversing the declining global trend in biodiversity is partly due to a mismatch between how living nature is conceived and valued by the conservation movement on the one hand, and by many different people, including marginalized communities, on the other. Addressing this problem calls for a pluralistic perspective on biodiversity. This requires consideration of the use of the concept of biodiversity, willingness to expand its ambit, and engagement with the multiple and multi-level drivers of change. We propose ways for conservation science, policy and practice to deliver more effective and socially just conservation outcomes.

Creative activities, emotions, and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study from Argentina Elisondo, Romina Cecilia ObjectivesWe conducted a longitudinal study to analyze emotions that are related to the development of creative activities during isolation and social distancing that are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.Study designThe study was performed in two stages: beginning of isolation (April 2020) and 6 months later during the social distancing period (September 2020).MethodsA total of 305 people who resided in medium-sized cities (population: 50,000 to one million) in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, participated in the study. In the first stage, the participants answered an online questionnaire about creative activities in which they engaged during isolation. In the second stage, semistructured interviews were conducted that asked about changes in life, creative processes, and new endeavors during the social distancing period.ResultsIn April 2020, positive emotions were associated with the development of creative activities. In September 2020, a predominance of negative emotions that were related to economic, family, and personal difficulties was observed. However, some positive emotions that are related to the development of new ventures and the consolidation of healthy and sustainable habits were also found.ConclusionsWe highlight the value of creativity as a resilience factor in the development of new projects and postponed activities. Our findings may contribute to the design and development of policies and programs to promote mental health in times of COVID-19.

Las mujeres de la Agrupación Artística Maná: vínculos entre docencia y gestión cultural, Azul, años treinta y cuarenta; The women of the Artistic Association Maná: links between teaching and cultural management, city of Azul, 1930s and 1940s González, María Soledad La Agrupación Artística Maná se creó en la ciudad de Azul (Buenos Aires, Argentina) en 1932 con el objetivo de oficiar como puente con otras localidades de la provincia en el marco de un clima de florecimiento cultural que venía produciéndose desde fines de los veinte. Dicho espacio de sociabilidad funcionó a partir de un grupo selecto, que se propuso difundir la cultura estableciendo vínculos artísticos e intelectuales que incluso fueron más allá del marco provincial. En este artículo nos ocuparemos del proyecto de esta institución, entendiéndolo como una “obra pedagógica” y analizaremos el papel que allí tuvieron las mujeres a partir de una labor que conjugaba docencia y gestión cultural.; The Maná Artistic Association was created in the city of Azul in 1932 with the objective of culturally connecting the city with other towns in the province of Buenos Aires in a context of cultural flourishing that had been taking place since the late1920s. Such space of sociability worked as a selected group, which promoted culture through artistic and intellectual projects that went beyond the province of Buenos Aires. This article analyzes the nature of this institution, understanding it as a "pedagogical work" and it focuses on the role that women had in combining both teaching and cultural management.

El espejo y sus fragmentos: la noción de imagen en el programa romántico y en ciertos desarrollos teóricos modernos sobre poesía Maggi, Marina La imagen puede ser pensada como sutura de fragmentos sin origen, como torbellino que yuxtapone distintas temporalidades, como latencia febril, como síntoma (Didi-Huberman: 2011). Su irrupción entrelaza el presente absoluto, el futuro desconocido y el pasado olvidado. La imagen aparece y traza sus coordenadas fantasmáticas allí donde el tiempo escapa a la representación. En ella se interrumpe el sentido para que destelle un misterio. ¿Desde dónde nos llega? ¿Qué fuerza la crea y la lanza hacia nosotros? Sin dejar de comprender que su resplandor en el cuerpo textual depende precisamente de su constitución en el entramado lingüístico, no alcanza con pensar la imagen como un fenómeno retórico o como un mero efecto de sintaxis. El poder de la imagen es un poder de umbral: ella nos predispone al acontecer, rasga el tiempo lineal para habilitar una encrucijada donde abundan los anacronismos. La imagen exhibe su propia mentira para que soñemos de verdad. Ahora bien, ¿qué es la imagen en y para la literatura? ¿Cuál es su estatuto dentro del perpetuo movimiento de auto-exceso que ésta opera sobre sí misma? Para ofrecer una posible respuesta a estos interrogantes, nos interesa reconocer la inscripción de la imagen en el proyecto romántico y seguir su deriva crítica en ciertos abordajes claves sobre poesía correspondientes al siglo XX: se trata del texto filosófico “La época de la imagen del mundo” (1938) de Martin Heidegger, el ensayo “Las dos versiones de lo imaginario” (1955) de Maurice Blanchot y la conferencia “La presencia y la imagen”, dictada por Yves Bonnefoy en el College de France en 1981. Alrededor de esta noción confluyen ciertos problemas fundamentales, tales como la configuración de la subjetividad moderna y sus vínculos con el mundo, la pérdida y recuperación del horizonte metafísico para la práctica artística y la cuestión central del deseo. Estas preocupaciones románticas que retornan en determinadas teorizaciones modernas sobre poesía son, en palabras de Lacoue-Labarthe y Nancy, “nuestra ingenuidad”.

Effects of forest preservation, livestock exclusion and use of shrubs as potential nurses on planting success of an endangered tree Torres, Romina Cecilia; Pollice, Julieta; Valfré Giorello, Tatiana Alejandra; Herrero, María Lucrecia; Navarro Ramos, Silvia Elisa; Ibarra Grellet, Ignacio; Renison, Daniel Domestic livestock are widespread in seasonally dry forests, likely causing forest degradation and limiting tree seedling establishment. Shrubs can play an important role in facilitating tree regeneration, by protecting trees from livestock damage and ameliorating unfavorable abiotic conditions. We aimed at disentangling the relative contribution of grazing exclusion, long-term forest conservation, and the potential facilitation effect of shrubs on the performance of saplings of the native tree Kageneckia lanceolata. We planted 400 saplings in grazed and ungrazed areas situated both in a preserved and a degraded forest. In each situation, we established planting plots in three accompanying vegetation treatments: herbs, a non-leguminous spiny shrub and a leguminous spiny shrub. Survival of three-year-old saplings was 10-fold higher in the preserved than in the degraded forest and two-fold higher in the ungrazed than in the grazed site. Differences in survival among accompanying vegetation treatments were much smaller than between grazing treatments. Survival significantly increased with increasing protection by shrubs only in the degraded site. Sapling growth patterns were fairly similar to survival patterns, with no growth in the degraded forest, except for limited growth under both shrubs in the ungrazed site. We conclude that, in selecting plantation sites for the study species, forest condition and grazing exclusion should be prioritized over microsite selection based on neighboring vegetation.

Exploring the glycobiology of immune response in colitis-associated colorectal cancer Cagnoni, Alejandro; Cutine, Anabela María; Morales, Rosa María; Gatto, Sabrina Gisela; Mazzeo, Christian; May, Maria; Girotti, Maria Romina; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Mariño, Karina Valeria Inflammatory Bowel Diseases are chronic, relapsing and remitting intestinal inflammatory pathologies that have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, a multifactorial pathology where genetic mutations, diet, microbiota and intestinal inflammation are crucial factors that modulate disease outcome. During the last decades, aberrant glycosylation has become an important hallmark of inflammation and tumor progression. In this work, we aimed at studying the effect of the inflammatory microenvironment over the gut glycobiology during colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) progression. We evaluated the association between intestinal inflammation and neoplastic development, with special emphasis on the interaction between the intestinal glycome and Galectin-1, as this glycan-binding protein exerts important roles in CRC progression. With this purpose, we studied colitis and CACRC progression in Wild-type and Galectin-1 KO mice, by administration of azoxymethane as carcinogen and DSS for colitis induction. Wasting disease was monitored and, after sacrifice, we analyzed tumors size, immune infiltrate and cytokine profile. We found that Galectin-1-lacking mice develop an improved anti-tumor immune response, with an increase in activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, higher expression of IL-6, IFN-γ and lower expression of TGF-β.Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses of murine glycogenes expression of tumors evidenced significant differences in several glycosyltransferases. In addition, immunophenotype studies showed an increase in monocytes and CD4+ T cells in tumor infiltrates of Gal-1 KO mice. Moreover, we carried out a meta-analysis for mouse models of sporadic CRC and CACRC, which showed a differential glycogene expression pattern. Finally, we expanded the significance of our results by analyzing public databases for human CRC samples.

Four species linked by three hybrid zones: two instances of repeated hybridization in one species group (Genus Liolaemus) Grummer, Jared A.; Avila, Luciano Javier; Morando, Mariana; Leaché, Adam D. Hybridization is an evolutionary process that can generate diverse outcomes, such as reinforcing species boundaries, generating new species, or facilitating the introgression of locally-adapted alleles into new genomic backgrounds. Liolaemus is a highly diverse clade of South American lizards with ∼260 species and as many as ten new species are described each year. Previous Liolaemus studies have detected gene flow and introgression among species using phylogenetic network methods and/or through comparisons of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA patterns, yet no study has systematically studied hybrid zones between Liolaemus species. Here, we compared three hybrid zones between four species in the Liolaemus fitzingerii group of lizards in Central Argentina where two species, L. melanops and L. xanthoviridis, each hybridize withtwo other species (L. shehuen and L. fitzingerii). We sampled three transects that were each ∼120 km in length and sequenced both mitochondrial and genome-wide SNP data for 267 individuals. In our analyses of nuclear DNA, we also compared bi-allelic SNPs to phased alleles (50 bp RAD loci). Population structure analyses confirmed that boundaries separating species are sharp, and all clines are <65 km wide. Cline center estimates were consistent between SNPs and phased alleles, but cline width estimates were significantly different with the SNPs producing wider estimates. The mitochondrial clines are narrower and shifted 4?20 km southward in comparison to the nuclear clines in all three hybrid zones, indicating that either each of the species has sex-biased dispersal (males northward or females southward), the population densities are unequal, or that the hybrid zones are moving north over time. These comparisonsindicate that some patterns of hybridization are similar across hybrid zones (mtDNA clines all narrower and shifted to the south), whereas cline width is variable. Hybridization in the L. fitzingerii group is common and geographically localized; further studies are needed to investigate whether hybrid zones act as hard species boundaries or promoters ofspeciation through processes such as reinforcement. Nonetheless, this study provides insights into both biotic and abiotic mechanisms helping to maintain species boundaries within the speciose Liolaemus system.

Apuntes sobre la resistencia popular y la persecución contra el peronismo en Chubut: 1955-1957; Notes on popular resistance and persecution against Peronism in Chubut: 1955-1957 Perez Alvarez, Gonzalo Gabriel Este artículo aporta al conocimiento de algunas formas de resistencia popular, y ciertos mecanismos de represión, durante la primera etapa del golpe de estado que derrocó al gobierno de Juan Domingo Perón en la provincia de Chubut. Los registros sobre el tema en Chubut son escasos, fragmentarios y están dispersos en diversos reservorios; muchos de ellos recién comienzan a estar abiertos para la consulta de los investigadores.Sin pretensión de cubrir la totalidad de las acciones desarrolladas en un territorio tan amplio como el del Chubut, se describen una serie de sucesos que evidencian cómo se plasmó esa resistencia popular multiforme, al tiempo que se imponía un aparato represivo que pretendía controlarlo todo. El acercamiento fue realizado a partir de diversas fuentes: el relevamiento sistemático del principal medio de prensa local (el diario Jornada), fuentes bibliográficas y un prontuario policial clave, caratulado como "Infracción Decreto Ley 4161, año 1956".; This article contributes to the knowledge of some forms of popular resistance, and certain mechanisms of repression, during the first years of the coup d'état that overthrew the government of Juan Domingo Perón. The records on the subject in Chubut are scarce, fragmentary, and scattered in various reservoirs; many of them are just beginning to be open for consultation by researchers.Without pretending to cover all the actions carried out in a territory as broad as that of Chubut, a series of events are described that show how this multiform popular resistance was shaped, while a repressive apparatus was imposed, that tried to control everything. The approach was carried out from different sources: the systematic survey of the main local press (the Jornada newspaper), bibliographic sources and a key police record, labeled as “Violation of Decree Law 4161, year 1956”.

Infraestructura de datos espaciales de la FCH- UNICEN para la gestión sanitaria frente al COVID-19 la Macchia, Maria Lorena; Linares, Santiago; Tisnés, Adela; Picone, Natasha; Ortmann, Mauro; Franzoia Mos, Daniela; Rocha, Heder Leandro; Ramírez, Lucas La infraestructura de datos espaciales de la FCH-UNICEN tiene como objetivo desarrollar un SIG, que permita caracterizar e integrar espacialmente datos gráficos y alfanuméricos de temáticas derivadas de las investigaciones llevadas adelante por los grupos de investigación de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. En el transcurso del año 2019 se implementó la IDE y se puso en marcha, luego de muchas instancias previas que no tuvieron resultados favorables. Una vez sucedido esto, y teniendo como objetivo principal la difusión y el soporte a la investigación, el país y el mundo se vieron atravesados por la pandemia de COVID-19. Atentos a esta situación, desde la IDE FCH UNICEN se comenzaron a publicar mapas y servicios WMS/WFS relativos a la temática, dado que las instituciones sanitarias y gubernamentales locales y provinciales, comenzaron a demandar la disponibilidad de datos para la gestión sanitaria pública de cara a la pandemia.Palabras clave: Ide FCH Unicen, COVID- 19, mapas de salud, mapas de riesgo

Conversión del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de presencial a virtual en el marco del Covid-19: El caso de la asignatura Electrotecnia 2 en Ingeniería; Conversion of the teaching and learning process from presential to virtual in the framework of Covid-19: The case of the subject Electrotecnia 2 in Engineering Bacino, Gustavo Alfredo; Roberts, Justo José; Massa, Stella Maris En el presente trabajo se desarrolla y analiza la conversión de una cursada tradicionalmente presencial a la modalidad a distancia o virtual, derivada de la situación provocada por la pandemia del Covid-19. Se describen los pasos seguidos para lograr la transformación, así como las dificultades que se presentaron y las soluciones que se fueron proponiendo. A fin de evaluar la actividad, se presenta a los estudiantes una encuesta de satisfacción y se analizan los resultados obtenidos a partir de sus respuestas. Asimismo, se comparan los rendimientos de los últimos ocho años para estimar si existen diferencias significativas entre la modalidad presencial y la modalidad a distancia puesta en práctica en la cursada 2020 de la asignatura Electrotecnia 2. Se describen también las particularidades de las evaluaciones, en los aspectos prácticos a través de ejercicios y en los aspectos teóricos mediante preguntas conceptuales, adaptadas al entorno virtual de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Se concluye que el principal objetivo ha sido cumplido, al haber finalizado, en tiempo y forma, la cursada de la asignatura en todos sus aspectos.; This paper develops and analyses the conversion of a traditional classroom course into the distance or virtual mode, derivated from the situation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The steps followed to achieve the transformation are described, as well as the difficulties that arose and the solutions that were proposed. In order to evaluate the activity, students are presented with a satisfaction survey and the results obtained from their answers are analysed. Likewise, the performance of the last eight years is compared to estimate if there are significant differences between the classroom-based and the distance mode put into practice in the 2020 course of the subject Electrotecnia 2. The particularities of the evaluations are also described, in the practical aspects through exercises and in the theoretical aspects through conceptual questions, adapted to the virtual teaching and learning environment. It is concluded that the main objective has been fulfilled, having finished in time and form the course of the subject in all its aspects.

Extensiones de la cuarentena por COVID-19: Niveles y predictores de depresión, ansiedad y riesgo suicida López Steinmetz, Lorena Cecilia; Leyes, Candela Abigail; Godoy, Juan Carlos; Dutto Florio, María Agustina; Lupo, Agostina Paula Introducción: Evaluar el impacto en la salud mental de las medidas sanitarias de cuarentenas masivas obligatorias es una tarea pendiente actual y una importante brecha de investigación.Objetivos: 1) Analizar diferencias en indicadores del estado de salud mental (ESM; depresión, ansiedad rasgo, ansiedad estado y riesgo suicida) durante tres sub-períodos de la cuarentena; 2) Evaluar factores que podrían afectar cada indicador medido del ESM.Metodología: Diseño transversal con muestreos sucesivos: 30/03/20 al 10/04/20 (primera extensión de la cuarentena), 11/04/20 al 08/05/20 (segunda y tercera extensión) y 09/05/20 al 23/05/20 (cuarta extensión); N = 1100 argentinos/as, desde 18 años (Medad = 31.45, error estándar ± 0.35). Los sub-períodos de la cuarentena se establecieron en función de la fecha de cada anuncio televisivo oficial de extensión. Se administraron, en línea, instrumentos estandarizados y validados. Se calcularon ANOVAs de una vía entre grupos con test post hoc de Bonferroni y regresiones lineales múltiples. El nivel de significación se fijó en ≤ 0.05.Resultados: Hubo un patrón de empeoramiento progresivo en los niveles de depresión, a medida que avanzaron los sub-períodos de la cuarentena. La ansiedad estado, la ansiedad rasgo y el riesgo suicida siguieron parcialmente este patrón, con puntajes medios que aumentaron de la primera a la segunda/tercera extensión, pero que luego se mantuvieron constantes hacia la cuarta extensión. Los predictores que tuvieron efectos protectores en casi todos los indicadores del ESM fueron disponibilidad de ingreso económico (excepto para ansiedad estado, que no tuvo efecto significativo) y ausencia de intento suicida anterior. En cambio, ser mujer, joven y tener historia de trastorno mental se asociaron con peores niveles del ESM. Además, sub-períodos más largos de la cuarentena fueron predictores de mayor depresión y ansiedad estado.

Conservation status assessment of the highest forests in the world: Polylepis flavipila forests as a case study Ames Martínez, Fressia Nathalie; Quispe Melgar, Harold Rusbelth; Renison, Daniel Polylepis forests are one of the most threatened high Andean ecosystems, with 15 species and eight subspecies being categorized as critically endangered, vulnerable or near threatened by IUCN. However, their conservation status is poorly evaluated and could be outdated. As a case study, we evaluated Polylepis flavipila, a species endemic to the Peruvian central Andes, that is categorized as Vulnerable in Peru and is not mentioned in the Global Threatened Species Red List. We used two methods to categorize P. flavipila: (1) a species-level assessment using criteria proposed by IUCN and (2) a population-level assessment of four forests using the more specific criteria proposed by Navarro and collaborators. We recorded 350 relicts of P. flavipila forests as identified from herbariums and other sources. Forest cover was reduced 53% over 45 years as evaluated using satellite images from 1975 and 2020 and we estimated a total area of 458 and 216 km2, respectively. Thus, according to the IUCN criteria, P. flavipila should be classified as Endangered. At the population level, the application of the criteria of Navarro and collaborators results in different threat categories: one of the studied forests is classified as Critically Endangered, two forests as Vulnerable and one as Least Concern. We stress the need for updated categorizations for the 45 described Polylepis tree and shrub species based on the following facts: the only species we tested should change category, the IUCN categorizations were performed 16 to 22 years ago, and there have been many changes in the taxonomy of the genus. The assessment using IUCN criteria should also be complemented with more detailed evaluations at the population level since important differences were detected at a smaller scale, which could help target conservation and restoration resources more efficiently.

Differential methylation patterns in apomictic vs. Sexual genotypes of the diplosporous grass Eragrostis curvula Carballo, José; Zappacosta, Diego Carlos; Marconi, Gianpiero; Gallardo, Jimena Alicia; Di Marsico, Marco; Gallo, Cristian Andrés; Cáccamo, Mario José; Albertini, Emidio; Echenique, Carmen Viviana DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism by which a methyl group is added to a cytosine or an adenine. When located in a gene/regulatory sequence it may repress or de-repress genes, depending on the context and species. Eragrostis curvula is an apomictic grass in which facultative genotypes increases the frequency of sexual pistils triggered by epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to look for correlations between the reproductive mode and specific methylated genes or genomic regions. To do so, plants with contrasting reproductive modes were investigated through MCSeEd (Methylation Context Sensitive Enzyme ddRad) showing higher levels of DNA methylation in apomictic genotypes. Moreover, an increased proportion of differentially methylated positions over the regulatory regions were observed, suggesting its possible role in regulation of gene expression. Interestingly, the methylation pathway was also found to be self-regulated since two of the main genes (ROS1 and ROS4), involved in de-methylation, were found differentially methylated between genotypes with different reproductive behavior. Moreover, this work allowed us to detect several genes regulated by methylation that were previously found as differentially expressed in the comparisons between apomictic and sexual genotypes, linking DNA methylation to differences in reproductive mode.

ZIF-8 magnético como un soporte estable y reusable para la inmovilización de biomoléculas en soluciones acuosas a pH=7 Aguirre, Matías Ezequiel; Marino, Ignacio; Bozzano, Patricia Beatriz; Armin, Feldhoff; Grela, Maria Alejandra Recientemente, los armazones metalorgánicos (MOFs) han sido propuestos como soportes para inmovilizar biomoléculas, particularmente enzimas; para preservar su actividad y favorecer su reutilización.[1] Un MOF muy utilizado es el ZIF-8 (Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks), compuesto por Zn(II) y 2-metilimidazol que si bien mantiene su estructura en suspensiones acuosas a ebullición, su estabilidad en los medios acuosos de alta fuerza iónica requeridos para la aplicación práctica de los biocatalizadores, aún no ha sido evaluada. En esta presentación, reportamos la síntesis y caracterización de estructuras Fe3O4@ZIF-8 formadas por partículas de magnetita (Fe3O4) recubiertas por ZIF-8 y estudiamos su robustez química en las condiciones óptimas de operación de las enzimas NAD-dependientes (pH=7 y fuerza iónica ≥ 0.2 M); explorando el efecto de la naturaleza del sistema tampón y los aditivos surfactantes sobre la estabilidad y la morfología, así como la capacidad de carga para la adsorción de BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) como proteína modelo. Resultados: La exposición de las estructuras Fe3O4@ZIF-8 a soluciones tampón de fosfatos 0.05 M (pH=7), un medio frecuentemente utilizado en catálisis enzimática, deriva en la irreversible desestabilización del ZIF-8 mediante la formación de fosfato de zinc. Este comportamiento puede evitarse si se reemplaza el tampón aniónico por el Tris-HCl 0.05 M (pH=7) y se introduce PVP (polivinilpirrolidona) en la síntesis. La naturaleza catiónica del Tris-HCl reduce las interacciones con la superficie positiva del ZIF-8, manteniendo su integridad en la estructura, mientras que la presencia de PVP conduce la nucleación del ZIF-8 favoreciendo un aumento en la proporción de los planos cristalinos superficiales más estables ({110}), lo cual mejora aún más su hidroestabilidad sin afectar la morfología del sistema. Las estructuras estabilizadas con PVP muestran una capacidad de carga máxima de 236.92 ± 0.38 µg de BSA por mg de Fe3O4@ZIF-8/PVP y una gran resistencia de inmovilización, sin la evidencia de lixiviación proteica. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia directa respecto a que se debe realizar un cuidadoso análisis de los componentes del sistema tampón y la modificación de la superficie para garantizar la estabilidad de ZIF-8 evitando las transformaciones químicas o su hidrólisis, lo que podría limitar la aplicación de esta especie como soporte de inmovilización.