La dictadura, las formas de la represión y los estudios a escala local; Dictatorship, modes of repression and local studies Aguila, Gabriela Beatriz En sintonía con una tendencia muy visible en la renovación de la historiografía argentina de las últimas décadas, el desarrollo de la historia reciente como campo de estudios debe mucho al cambio de escala y a los abordajes centrados en lo local. Esto se ha verificado, entre otros temas y procesos, en las investigaciones sobre la última dictadura militar y sobre la violencia estatal y paraestatal. La preeminencia de miradas ´macro´ sobre el régimen militar y el dispar conocimiento sobre las dinámicas locales y regionales de la represión alentaron el desarrollo de indagaciones que optaron por achicar el foco del análisis hacia lo local, visibilizando actores, tramas sociales y lógicas políticas poco analizadas, iluminando en su singularidad modalidades, prácticas y efectos de la represión y poniendo en debate cronologías y formas canónicas de interpretar aquellos procesos históricos. Con el objetivo de dar cuenta de estos desarrollos y relevar sus aportes, este artículo pone el foco en el funcionamiento del régimen militar en el nivel municipal y los comportamientos sociales y, por otro lado, en el ejercicio de la represión a escala local, analizando también los archivos y las fuentes para el estudio de estas problemáticas.; According to a main trend in the renewal of Argentine historiography in the last decades, the development of recent history as a field of study owes much to the change in scale and local-centered approaches. This has been verified, among other issues and processes, in the investigations about the last military dictatorship and state and parastatal violence. The preeminence of “macro” views on the military regime and the dissimilar knowledge about the local and regional dynamics of the repression led to the development of research that focused on local perspectives, making visible actors, social plots and political process, illuminating in their singularity modalities, practices and effects of repression and putting in debate chronologies and canonical ways of interpreting those historical processes. In order to account for these developments and highlight their contributions, this article focuses on the functioning of the military regime at the municipal level and social behaviors and, on the other hand, on the exercise of repression at the local scale, analyzing also the archives and sources for the study of these problems.

¿Cuánto poder de negociación tiene un sindicato? Reflexiones a partir del análisis sectorial; How much bargaining power does a union have? Reflections based on the sectorial analysis Morris, María Belén; Barrera, Facundo; Beliera, Anabel Angélica; Fernández Massi, Mariana El concepto de poder de negociación sindical permite problematizar el accionar de los trabajadores y su resultado sobre la dinámica de los salarios. Recientemente, nuevas líneas de trabajo han buscado explorar las fuentes y resultados del poder sindical a partir de los conceptos de poder estructural y asociativo. Este artículo se inscribe en dicha línea a través de la siguiente pregunta ¿cómo influye el poder de los trabajadores y sus organizaciones en la negociación salarial? Para ello, comparamos las fuentes de poder del Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Alimentación, la Unión Obrera Metalúrgica de Argentina y la Unión de Obreros y Empleados del Plástico, para luego relacionarlas con el uso de dicho poder (conflictos salariales) y la dinámica de los acuerdos salariales rubricados entre los años 2011-2019. Se usan como fuentes de datos la Matriz Insumo-Producto (2004), los acuerdos salariales del período refrendados por el Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social (MTEySS), la base de datos de conflictos laborales elaborados por el MTEySS, y fuentes periodísticas. Mostraremos que la relación entre poder estructural y poder asociativo no es necesariamente lineal y que, en estos casos, el poder estructural tiene una importancia predominante en los resultados de la negociación salarial.; The concept of union bargaining power problematizes the actions of workers and their result on the dynamics of wages. Recently, new lines of work have explored the sources and results of union power based on the concepts of structural and associative power. In this direction, this article investigate: how does the power of workers and their organizations influence salary negotiations? Here we compare the sources of power of the Food Workers' Union, the Metallurgical Workers' Union of Argentina and the Union of Plastic Workers and Employees. Then, we relate them to the use of power (wage conflicts) and the dynamics of the wage agreements signed between them. 2011 and 2019. The national Input-Output Tables (2004), wage agreements endorsed by the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security (MTEySS), the database of labor conflicts (MTEySS), and journalistic press are used as data sources. We will show that the relationship between structural power and associative power is not necessarily linear and that, in these cases, structural power is predominant in the results of wage bargaining.

Spatially variable hydrologic impact and biomass production tradeoffs associated with Eucalyptus (E. grandis) cultivation for biofuel production in Entre Rios, Argentina Heidari, Azad; Watkins, David; Mayer, Alex; Propato, Tamara Sofía; Verón, Santiago Ramón; de Abelleyra, Diego Climate change and energy security promote using renewable sources of energy such as biofuels. High woody biomass production achieved from short-rotation intensive plantations is a strategy that is increasing in many parts of the world. However, broad expansion of bioenergy feedstock production may have significant environmental consequences. This study investigates the watershed-scale hydrological impacts of Eucalyptus (E. grandis) plantations for energy production in a humid subtropical watershed in Entre Rios province, Argentina. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated for streamflow, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass production cycles. The model was used to simulate various Eucalyptus plantation scenarios that followed physically based rules for land use conversion (in various extents and locations in the watershed) to study hydrological effects, biomass production, and the green water footprint of energy production. SWAT simulations indicated that the most limiting factor for plant growth was shallow soils causing seasonal water stress. This resulted in a wide range of biomass productivity throughout the watershed. An optimization algorithm was developed to find the best location for Eucalyptus development regarding highest productivity with least water impact. E. grandis plantations had higher evapotranspiration rates compared to existing terrestrial land cover classes; therefore, intensive land use conversion to E. grandis caused a decline in streamflow, with January through March being the most affected months. October was the least-affected month hydrologically, since high rainfall rates overcame the canopy interception and higher ET rates of E. grandis in this month. Results indicate that, on average, producing 1 kg of biomass in this region uses 0.8 m3 of water, and the green water footprint of producing 1 m3 fuel is approximately 2150 m3 water, or 57 m3 water per GJ of energy, which is lower than reported values for wood-based ethanol, sugar cane ethanol, and soybean biodiesel.

Staphylococcus aureus Potentiates the Hemolytic Activity of Burkholderia cepacia Complex (Bcc) Bacteria Moriano, Alessandro; Serra, Diego Omar; Hoard, Amparo; Montaña, Sabrina Daiana; Degrossi, Jose; Bonomo, Robert A.; Papp-Wallace, Krisztina M.; Ramirez, Maria Soledad Polymicrobial lung infections in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) contribute to the complexity of this disease and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the CF community. The microorganisms most commonly associated with severe airway infections in individuals with CF are the opportunistic pathogens S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and bacteria from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), particularly B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans. Three Bcc strains, two S. aureus wild-type strains, and two derivative mutants were used to investigate the interplay between S. aureus and Bcc with a focus on the hemolytic activity of Bcc. Our results revealed that extracellular products from S. aureus potentiated the hemolysis of Bcc strains. Moreover, this effect was influenced by the composition of the medium in which S. aureus is grown. These findings contribute towards the understanding of the impact of interactions between S. aureus and Bcc and their possible implications in the context of co-infections by these pathogens in individuals with CF.

Nucleotide-sugar metabolism in plants: the legacy of Luis F. Leloir Figueroa, Carlos Maria; Lunn, John E.; Iglesias, Alberto Alvaro This review commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Luis F. Leloir 'for his discovery of sugar-nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates'. He and his co-workers discovered that activated forms of simple sugars, such as UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, are essential intermediates in the interconversion of sugars. They elucidated the biosynthetic pathways for sucrose and starch, which are the major end-products of photosynthesis, and for trehalose. Trehalose 6-phosphate, the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis that they discovered, is now a molecule of great interest due to its function as a sugar signalling metabolite that regulates many aspects of plant metabolism and development. The work of the Leloir group also opened the doors to an understanding of the biosynthesis of cellulose and other structural cell wall polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Nucleotide-sugars also serve as sugar donors for a myriad of glycosyltransferases that conjugate sugars to other molecules, including lipids, phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and proteins, thereby modifying their biological activity. In this review, we highlight the diversity of nucleotide-sugars and their functions in plants, in recognition of Leloir's rich and enduring legacy to plant science.

Phylogenomic analysis for Campylobacter fetus ocurring in Argentina Farace, Pablo Daniel; Irazoqui, José Matías; Morsella, Claudia Graciela; García, Juan Agustín; Méndez, Maria Alejandra; Paolicchi, Fernando Alberto; Amadio, Ariel Fernando; Gioffré, Andrea Karina Background and Aim: Campylobacter fetus is one of the most important pathogens that severely affects livestock industry worldwide. C. fetus mediated bovine genital campylobacteriosis infection in cattle has been associated with significant economic losses in livestock production in the Pampas region, the most productive area of Argentina. The present study aimed to establish the genomic relationships between C. fetus strains, isolated from the Pampas region, at local and global levels. The study also explored the utility of multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) as a typing technique for C. fetus. Materials and Methods: For pangenome and phylogenetic analysis, whole genome sequences for 34 C. fetus strains, isolated from cattle in Argentina were downloaded from GenBank. A local maximum likelihood (ML) tree was constructed and linked to a Microreact project. In silico analysis based on MLST was used to obtain information regarding sequence type (ST) for each strain. For global phylogenetic analysis, a core genome ML‐tree was constructed using genomic dataset for 265 C. fetus strains, isolated from various sources obtained from 20 countries. Results: The local core genome phylogenetic tree analysis described the presence of two major clusters (A and B) and one minor cluster (C). The occurrence of 82% of the strains in these three clusters suggested a clonal population structure for C. fetus. The MLST analysis for the local strains revealed that 31 strains were ST4 type and one strain was ST5 type. In addition, a new variant was identified that was assigned a novel ST, ST70. In the present case, ST4 was homogenously distributed across all the regions and clusters. The global analysis showed that most of the local strains clustered in the phylogenetic groups that comprised exclusively of the strains isolated from Argentina. Interestingly, three strains showed a close genetic relationship with bovine strains obtained from Uruguay and Brazil. The ST5 strain grouped in a distant cluster, with strains obtained from different sources from various geographic locations worldwide. Two local strains clustered in a phylogenetic group comprising intercontinental Campylobacter fetus venerealis strains. Conclusion: The results of the study suggested active movement of animals, probably due to economic trade between different regions of the country as well as with neighboring countries. MLST results were partially concordant with phylogenetic analysis. Thus, this method did not qualify as a reliable subtyping method to assess C. fetus diversity in Argentina. The present study provided a basic platform to conduct future research on C. fetus, both at local and international levels.

Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Profiles in Chronic Hypertension by Single or Sequentially Combined Renovascular and DOCA-Salt Treatments Cerrudo, Carolina Susana; Cavallero, Carmen Susana; Rodríguez Fermepin, Martin; González, Germán Esteban; Donato, Pablo Martín; Kouyoumdzian, Nicolás Martín; Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge; Hertig, Cecilia Margarita; Choi, Marcelo Roberto; Fernandez, Belisario Enrique The involvement of natriuretic peptides was studied during the hypertrophic remodeling transition mediated by sequential exposure to chronic hemodynamic overload. We induced hypertension in rats by pressure (renovascular) or volume overload (DOCA-salt) during 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. We also studied the consecutive combination of both models in inverse sequences: RV 6 weeks/DS 6 weeks and DS 6 weeks/RV 6 weeks. All treated groups developed hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular ANP gene expression were more pronounced in single DS than in single RV groups. BNP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in RV groups, while ANP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in DS groups. Combined models exhibited intermediate values between those of single groups at 6 and 12 weeks. The latter stimulus associated to the second applied overload is less effective than the former to trigger cardiac hypertrophy and to increase ANP and BNP gene expression. In addition, we suggest a correlation of ANP synthesis with volume overload and of BNP synthesis with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy after a prolonged treatment. Volume and pressure overload may be two mechanisms, among others, involved in the differential regulation of ANP and BNP gene expression in hypertrophied left ventricles. Plasma ANP levels reflect a response to plasma volume increase and volume overload, while circulating BNP levels seem to be regulated by cardiac BNP synthesis and ventricular hypertrophy.

Evaluation of changes in spatial pattern of metals pollution in surface water using multivariate analysis: case study an urban basin from Buenos Aires, Argentina Tripodi, Mariel Alejandra; Cueto, Gerardo Ruben; Suarez, Olga Virginia The goal of this paper was to analyze changes in the spatial pattern of metals in water and determining the factors that may be associated with that distribution using the asymmetric eigenvector maps and redundancy analyses in the Matanza Riachuelo river (MRR), Argentina. Data from 2008 and 2014 of metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb), water quality parameters and land cover variables from 38 samplings sites in the MRR were collected. The results obtained showed that the general spatial pattern of distribution of all the metals analyzed did not differ between both years and that the water flow was a factor that structured the distribution of metals in the river. The present study showed the utility of using these multivariate analyses to assess the dynamics of the spatial distribution of a group of metals in an urban basin.

Effect of the intensification of cropping sequences on soil organic carbon and its stratification ratio in contrasting environments Crespo, Cecilia; Wyngaard, Nicolás; Sainz Rozas, Hernan Rene; Studdert, Guillermo Alberto; Barraco, Mirian Raquel; Gudelj, Vicente; Barbagelata, Pedro Aníbal; Barbieri, Pablo Andres In environments where continuous agriculture leads to soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion, intensification practices (i.e. polyculture, cover crops (CC), and crop fertilization) have been suggested as strategies to improve crop residue inputs which, in turn, can increase SOC storage. However, SOC dynamics are regulated by a complex interplay of climatic and soil conditions. The objective of our study was to assess how intensification practices affect SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC) and SOC stratification ratio (SRSOC) as compared to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] monoculture, in soils with contrasting soil properties and climate. The experiment was carried out in four long term experiments (>10 yr) located in areas with contrasting environments. The surface soil textures ranged from sandy-loam to silty-clay and clay-loam, initial SOC (0–20 cm) from 34.5 to 67.8 Mg ha−1, mean air temperature: 14.0–18.9 °C, annual precipitation: 719.8–886.1 mm. Five treatments were evaluated: soybean monoculture (SB), soybean monoculture fertilized with phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) (SBPS), CC/PS-fertilized soybean (SBPS/CC), nitrogen (N)-fertilized CC/PS-fertilized soybean (SBPS/CCN) and NPS-fertilized crop rotation (ROTNPS). Intensification of crop sequences (SBPS/CC, SBPS/CCN and/or ROTNPS) increased SOC and POC at 0–5 cm and in SRSOC in most sites as compared to SB. All treatments showed SOC depletion as compared to the beginning of the experiment. However, the magnitude of SOC lost during 10 years was 26–65% lower when intensified crop sequences were applied as compared with SB. Carbon input and environment characteristics influenced the impact of intensification practices on the analyzed variables. However, this effect was mostly associated with the ratio between SOC at the beginning of the experiment and the SOC of pristine soil (degradation status). The intensification practices evaluated were not sufficient to reverse the tendency of agricultural soils to lose SOC, but they slowed the rate of this degradation process.

Discusiones doctrinales y problemas de traducción: La representación de la Santísima Trinidad, la Virgen María y los ángeles en La fazienda de Ultramar; Doctrinal disputes and translation problems: The depiction of the Holy Trinity, the Virgin Mary and angels in La fazienda de Ultramar Marti, Melisa Laura La fazienda de Ultramar es un texto del siglo XIII que traduce la Biblia a la manera de los itinerarios o guías de peregrinos medievales: en él, la selección de pasajes de la Escritura está motivada por la geografía de Tierra Santa, que orienta el recorrido por los relatos bíblicos. El objetivo de este trabajo será profundizar en las operaciones discursivas que diferencian a La fazienda de Ultramar de sus fuentes y de otros romanceamientos, y que reflejan las dificultades que enfrentaban los primeros traductores de la Biblia a las lenguas vernáculas. Nos centraremos específicamente en los aspectos que se vinculan con los debates de índole doctrinal y las discusiones teológicas propias del momento de redacción de la obra. Por ello, analizaremos la representación de la Santísima Trinidad, la Virgen María y los ángeles, augurando que nos permitirá conocer el sistema cultural en que se ubicaba el autor y su modo de trabajo en tanto traductor.; La fazienda de Ultramar is a thirteenth-century translation of the Bible that replicates the structure of the medieval itineraries or pilgrim narratives: the selection of passages from Scripture is motivated by the geography of the Holy Land, which guides the way through biblical stories. This study aims to deepen into the discursive operations that separate La fazienda de Ultramar from its sources and other translations of the Bible, and which reflect the difficulties and issues met by the first translators of the Bible into vernacular languages. We will specifically reflect upon those which are connected with doctrinal debates and theological discussions relevant at the time of the composition of the work. Therefore, we will analyse the representation of the Holy Trinity, the Virgin Mary and angels, hoping it will allow us to comprehend the cultural system its author inhabited and the techniques he incorporated as a translator.

Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD Serenelli, Aldo; Weiss, Achim; Aerts, Conny; Angelou, George C.; Baroch, David; Bastian, Nate; Beck, Paul G.; Bergemann, Maria; Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Czekala, Ian; Elias-Rosa, Nancy; Escorza, Ana; Van Eylen, Vincent; Feuillet, Diane K.; Gandolfi, Davide; Gieles, Mark; Girardi, Leonardo Jose; Lebreton, Yveline; Lodieu, Nicolas; Martig, Marie; Miller Bertolami, Marcelo Miguel; Mombarg, Joey S.G.; Morales, Juan Carlos; Moya, Andrés; Nsamba, Benard; Pavlovski, Krešimir; Pedersen, May G.; Ribas, Ignasi; Schneider, Fabian R.N.; Silva Aguirre, Victor The mass of a star is the most fundamental parameter for its structure, evolution, and final fate. It is particularly important for any kind of stellar archaeology and characterization of exoplanets. There exist a variety of methods in astronomy to estimate or determine it. In this review we present a significant number of such methods, beginning with the most direct and model-independent approach using detached eclipsing binaries. We then move to more indirect and model-dependent methods, such as the quite commonly used isochrone or stellar track fitting. The arrival of quantitative asteroseismology has opened a completely new approach to determine stellar masses and to complement and improve the accuracy of other methods. We include methods for different evolutionary stages, from the pre-main sequence to evolved (super)giants and final remnants. For all methods uncertainties and restrictions will be discussed. We provide lists of altogether more than 200 benchmark stars with relative mass accuracies between [0.3 ,2 ]% for the covered mass range of M ∈[0.1 ,16 ] M⊙ , 75 % of which are stars burning hydrogen in their core and the other 25 % covering all other evolved stages. We close with a recommendation how to combine various methods to arrive at a "mass-ladder" for stars.

Líos que esclarecer: política y faccionalismo durante el primer peronismo en Mendoza, 1945-1955; Messes to be Cleared Up. Politics and Factionalism during the First Peronism in Mendoza, 1945-1955; Confusões para esclarecer. Política e faccionalismo durante o primeiro peronismo em Mendoza, 1945-1955 Garzón Rogé, Mariana Este artículo describe la vida interna de un peronismo delinterior del país a través del seguimiento de las dinámicas de sus principalesactores políticos, provenientes del radicalismo y allegados al mundo sindicalvernáculo. Mediante el análisis de conflictos y acuerdos en torno a momentoselectorales y de disputa partidaria en la provincia de Mendoza, se constatacómo fue transformándose el peronismo en un espacio local entre 1945 y 1955. Elprincipal aporte del trabajo es su llamado de atención para pensar a losactores como partícipes activos de la configuración de disputas y solucionessituadas que los involucraron. Se sostiene que si el peronismo fue con eltiempo adoptando modalidades más enrevesadas de lidiar con los problemasinternos fue también como consecuencia de conveniencias y acomodamientos de lospropios actores provinciales que coyuntural y parcialmente se beneficiaban deesas resoluciones en una variedad de situaciones que requieren ser esclarecidasen cada caso. Se trabaja a partir del análisis documental de prensa gráfica,desde una perspectiva de historia pragmática sobre las fuentes, es decir, desdeun enfoque que las considera, ante todo, como una reivindicación en el presentede la acción que les dio origen.; This article describes Peronism´s internal life in the interior of the country by following the dynamics of the most important political actors coming from radicalism and coming from the vernacular trade union world in a local space. Through the analysis of conflicts and agreements around electoral moments and partisan disputes in the province of Mendoza, it verifies how Peronism transformed in a local space between 1945 and 1955. The main contribution of the research is its call for attention to think actors as active participants in the configuration of disputes and situated solutions involving them. It is argued that if Peronism adopted more complicated ways of dealing with internal problems throughout time, it was also as a consequence of the conveniences and adjustments of the provincial actors themselves, who temporarily and partially benefited from these resolutions in a variety of situations which need to be specifically investigated. These conclusions are obtained through the documentary analysis of graphic local press, from a pragmatic history perspective of the sources, that is, from an approach that considers them, above all, as a present vindication of the action giving rise to them.; Este artigo descreve a vida interna de um peronismo no interior do país monitorando a dinâmica de seus principais atores políticos, oriundos do radicalismo e próximos ao mundo sindical vernáculo. Por meio da análise dos conflitos e acordos em torno dos momentos eleitorais e da disputa partidária na província de Mendoza, verifica-se como o peronismo foi se transformando em um espaço local entre 1945 e 1955. A principal contribuição do trabalho é a chamada de atenção para pensar aos atores como participantes ativos na configuração das disputas e soluções situadas que os envolveram. Argumenta-se que, se o peronismo ao longo do tempo adotou formas mais complicadas de lidar com os problemas internos, isso foi também uma consequência da conveniência e acomodação dos próprios atores provinciais, que temporariamente e parcialmente se beneficiaram dessas resoluções em uma variedade de situações que precisam ser esclarecidas em cada caso. Trabalha-se a partir da análise documental da imprensa gráfica, de uma perspectiva da história pragmática das fontes, ou seja, de uma abordagem que as considera, antes de tudo, como uma reivindicação no presente da ação que lhes deu origem.

Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on subsequent infectivity of bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 in endometrial cells in primary culture: An in vitro model of viral co-infection Romeo, Florencia; Louge Uriarte, Enrique Leopoldo; Delgado, Santiago Germán; Gonzalez Altamiranda, Erika Analia; Pereyra, Susana Beatriz; Morán, Pedro Edgardo; Perez, Sandra; Verna, Andrea Elizabeth Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) infect the uterus of cattle, being responsible for huge economic losses. Most of the pathogenesis of BoHV-4 in the bovine reproductive tract has been elucidated by conducting tests on primary cultures. Thus, it is important to have optimal in vitro conditions, avoiding the presence of other pathogens that can alter the results. BVDV is one of the most frequent viral contaminants of cell cultures. Considering that non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV biotype can generate persistently infected (PI) cattle, which are the major source for virus transmission in susceptible herds, it is important to check products derived from cattle that are intended to be used in research laboratories. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the natural infection of bovine endometrial cells (BEC) with a NCP BVDV strain (BEC + BVDV) affects BoHV-4 replication. We have demonstrated a delay in BoHV-4 gene expression and a decrease in viral load in the extracellular environment in BEC + BDVD cells compared to BEC (BVDV-free) cells. These results confirm that replication of BoHV-4 in BEC primary cultures is affected by previous infection with BVDV. This finding highlights the importance of ruling out BVDV infection in bovine primary cell cultures to avoid biological interference or misinterpretation of results at the time of performing in vitro studies with BoHV-4.

Can shell shape be used to find the origin of South American mussels? Trivellini, Maria Magdalena; Van Der Molen, Silvina; Filun, Luis; Marquez, Federico In the context of food sovereignty, it is essential to distinguish and give value to national products, especially those from artisanal production. Argentina and Chile mussel production occurs at different scales (artisanal vs industrial), is targeted to different species and is developed in different environmental contexts, but in the market the two products are labelled and offered as the same. We evaluated the use of the shell shape to distinguish between mussels from these two countries and among crops, using Landmark-based geometric morphometrics. We compared individuals from five crops from Argentina and six from Chile to assess their shell shape variations using various multivariate statistical methods. Our results showed significant differences between the average shell shape from each country. While crops from Argentina were different among themselves, the crops from Chile were similar. The misclassification rate, using the shell shape variables, between countries was lower than 3%. We hypothesize that the shell shape variations inside the country reflect the environmental effect on the phenotype. Our results show noticeable differences in the shell shape between South American mussels from Chile and Argentina, proving that the shell shape variation could be used as a biomarker to the designation of origin of the product.

Interoception primes emotional processing: multimodal evidence from neurodegeneration Salamone, Paula Celeste; Legaz, Agustina; Sedeño, Lucas; Moguilner, Sebastian Gabriel; Fraile Vázquez, Matías; Gonzalez Campo, Cecilia; Fittipaldi, María Sol; Yoris, Adrián Isidro; Miranda, Magdalena; Birba, Agustina; Galiani, Agustina; Abrevaya, Sofia; Neely, Alejandra; Martorell Caro, Miguel Angel; Alifano Ferrero, Florencia; Villagra, Roque; Anunziata, Florencia; Oliveira, Maira Okada de; Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos; Slachevsky, Andrea; Serrano, Cecilia Mariela; García, Adolfo Martín; Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín Recent frameworks in cognitive neuroscience and behavioral neurology underscore interoceptive priors as core modulators of negative emotions. However, the field lacks experimental designs manipulating the priming of emotions via interoception and exploring their multimodal signatures in neurodegenerative models. Here, we designed a novel task that involves interoceptive and control-exteroceptive priming conditions followed by post-interoception and post-exteroception facial emotion recognition (FER). We recruited 114 participants, including healthy controls (HCs) as well as patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We measured online EEG modulations of the heart-evoked potential (HEP), and associations with both brain structural and resting-state functional connectivity patterns. Behaviorally, post-interoception negative FER was enhanced in HCs but selectively disrupted in bvFTD and PD, with AD presenting generalized disruptions across emotion types. Only bvFTD presented impaired interoceptive accuracy. Increased HEP modulations during post-interoception negative FER was observed in HCs and AD, but not in bvFTD or PD patients. Across all groups, post-interoception negative FER correlated with the volume of the insula and the ACC. Also, negative FER was associated with functional connectivity along the (a) salience network in the post-interoception condition, and along the (b) executive network in the post-exteroception condition. These patterns were selectively disrupted in bvFTD (a) and PD (b), respectively. Our approach underscores the multidimensional impact of interoception on emotion, while revealing a specific pathophysiological marker of bvFTD. These findings inform a promising theoretical and clinical agenda in the fields of nteroception, emotion, allostasis, and neurodegeneration.

La cuestión del poder en la obra de Deleuze; The question of power in Deleuze’s work Antonelli Marangi, Marcelo Sebastián En este artículo abordamos la cuestión del poder en el pensamiento de Deleuze. Según nuestra hipótesis, no hay en su obra un único concepto de poder sino diferentes enfoques (el poder como estrato, control, juicio) no incompatibles entre sí pero que no se dejan reducir a un solo punto de vista. Esta variedad de abordajes puede ser reunida alrededor de dos posiciones generales adoptadas por Deleuze: primero, tiende a relativizar su eficacia respecto de otros elementos más fundamentales (el deseo, los flujos del campo social, las líneas de fuga, la vitalidad inorgánica), realzando así los límites o la impotencia del poder; segundo, le quita valor con relación a otras entidades y procesos en los que deposita su apuesta filosófica (la creación, el devenir, la potencia). Nos proponemos desarrollar estas perspectivas a fin de ofrecer un panorama integral de una temática relevante de la filosofía política deleuziana.; In this article, we address the question of power in Deleuze's thinking. According to our hypothesis, there is not a single concept of power in his work, but different approaches (power as a stratum, control, judgment) not incompatible with each other but that cannot be reduced to a single point of view. This variety of approaches can be gathered around two general positions about power, adopted by Deleuze: first, he tends to relativize its effectiveness with respect to other more fundamental elements (desire, flows, lines of flight, inorganic vitality), thus enhancing the limits or impotence of power; second, he takes away value in relation to other entities and processes in which he places his philosophical commitment (creation, becoming, puissance). We intend to develop these perspectives in order to offer a comprehensive overview of a relevant theme of Deleuzian political philosophy.

Los estudios sociales del comer: cultura, gusto y consumo; Social studies of eating: culture, taste and consumption; Os estudos sociais da alimentação: cultura, gosto e consumo Boragnio, Aldana Alimentarse es una conducta dirigida a obtener la energía para llevar a cabo las funciones que mantienen el funcionamiento del organismo a la vez que el desarrollo de sus capacidades físico-cognitivas. Sin embargo, el comer se constituye como un complejo sistema de relaciones socioculturales, de cohesión y de conflictividad. Por lo cual, para comprender por qué se come lo que se come debemos situar ese acto alimentario en un contexto, en una sociedad, un tiempo y un espacio determinado. En las ciudades el acceso depende del mercado y del Estado que compete a la producción, disponibilidad, circulación y consumo de alimentos. El presente artículo busca plantear un recorrido teórico a partir de autores que nos permitan centrarnos en los cruces y entramados que se desprenden de la relación entre la comida como hecho cultural, el gusto como sentido organizado y configurado culturalmente y el consumo alimentario en la conformación del comensal actual como objeto de investigación desde los estudios sociales.; Feeding is a behaviour aimed at obtaining the energy to carry out the functions that maintain the organism running as well as the development of its physicalcognitive abilities. However, eating is constituted as a complex system of sociocultural relationships, cohesion and conflict. Therefore, to understand why you eat what you eat we must place this food act within a context, a society, a specific time and space. In cities, the access depends on the market and on the State which is the responsible for the food production, availability, circulation and consumption. This article seeks to propose a theoretical journey from authors that allow us to focus on the intersections and frameworks that emerge from the relationship between food as a cultural fact, taste as a culturally organized and shaped sense, and food consumption in the creation of the current guest as a research object from social studies.; Alimentar-se é um comportamento que visa obter a energia para desempenhar as funções que mantêm o funcionamento do organismo, como assim também como o desenvolvimento de suas habilidades físicocognitivas. No entanto, o comer constitui-se como um sistema complexo de relações socioculturais, de coesão e de conflito. Portanto, para entender por que se come o que come, devemos colocar o ato da alimentação em um contexto, em uma sociedade, em um tempo e espaço específicos. Nas cidades, o acesso depende do mercado e do Estado responsável pela produção, disponibilidade, circulação e consumo de alimentos. Este artigo procura propor um percorrido teórico de autores que nos permita focar nas interseções e estruturas que emergem da relação entre a comida como um fato cultural, o gosto como um sentido culturalmente organizado e configurado culturalmente, e o consumo de alimentos na conformação do comensal atual como objeto de pesquisa desde os estudos sociais.

La serpiente en el seno: culpas y condenas: Una figura especular en el caso de Ortel Banedre en el Persiles D'onofrio, María Julia Desde una mirada que atiende al diálogo de la obra de Cervantes con el simbolismo de su época, cabe interrogarse sobre la presencia de los animales en las representaciones discursivas de carácter simbólico. Es en este marco de análisis que enfocamos nuestra atención en el episodio de Ortel Banedre y Luisa la Talaverana en el Persiles. La imagen que proponemos analizar, la de la serpiente en el seno, tiene la particularidad de resonar de manera significativa en las obras finales de Cervantes porque aparece repetida en todos los comentarios sobre la expulsión de los moriscos.; From a point of view that is attentive to the dialogue between the works of Cervantes and the symbolism of his time, one can ponder on the presence of animals in discursive representations of symbolic character. In this framework of analysis we are going to focus our attention on the episode of Ortel Banedre and Luisa la Talaverana in Persiles. The image that we propose to analyze, that one of the snake in the bosom, has the particularity of resonating significantly in the final works of Cervantes because it appears repeatedly in every comment about the expulsion of the Moriscos.

Una revisión meta-teórica respecto a la operatividad de límites metodológicos, epistémicos y ontológicos en la investigación psico-clínica en torno a la eficacia psicoterapéutica de las prácticas espirituales; A meta-theoretical review regarding the operability of methodological, epistemic and ontological reductionisms in psychoclinical research around the psychotherapeutic efficacy of the spiritual practices Gargiulo, María Teresa El artículo no es sino una revisión meta-teórica respecto a la operatividad de los reduccionismos metodológicos, epistémicos y ontológicos en la investigación psico-clínica en torno a la eficacia psicoterapéutica de las prácticas espirituales. Por reduccionismo se entiende el proceso de simplificación y operatividad que exige el mismo diseño experimental adoptado en la investigación psico-clínica. Si bien el reduccionismo que se implementa en un diseño experimental goza de toda una suerte de ventajas, también tiene sus peligros. Podría decirse que existe una compensación, a saber, las explicaciones reduccionistas ganan en simplicidad mientras pierden en precisión. El diseño experimental exige una simplificación, es decir, eliminar cosas que necesitan ser entendidas y que son parte de una imagen completa del fenómeno estudiado. Ahora bien, una revisión meta-teórica permite no sólo explicitar el alcance que tienen los reduccionismos en los resultados de la investigación psico-clínica sino también repensar nuevas variables o modalidades que permitan fortalecer dichas investigaciones.; The article is nothing but a meta-theoretical review regarding the operativeness of methodological, epistemic and ontological reductionisms in psycho-clinical research regarding the psychotherapeutic efficacy of spiritual practices. By reductionism ismeant the process of simplification and operability that requires the same experimental design adopted in psycho-clinical research. Although the reductionism that is implemented in an experimental design enjoys all kinds of advantages, it also has its dangers. It could be said that a compensation exists, namely, reductionist explanations gain in simplicity while losing in precision. The experimental design requires a simplification, that is, eliminating things that need to be understood and that are part of a complete picture of the phenomenon we are studying. However, a meta-theoretical review allows not only to explain the scope of reductionism in the results of psycho-clinical research but also to rethink new variables or modalities that allow strengthening such research.

Phospholipid transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis is directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels and is not associated with cardiovascular risk Ma, Feng; Darabi, Maryam; Lhomme, Marie; Tubeuf, Emilie; Canicio, Aurélie; Brerault, Jean; Medadje, Narcisse; Rached, Fabiana; Lebreton, Sandrine; Frisdal, Eric; Brites, Fernando Daniel; Serrano, Carlos; Santos, Raul; Gautier, Emmanuel; Huby, Thierry; El Khoury, Petra; Carrié, Alain; Abifadel, Marianne; Bruckert, Eric; Guerin, Maryse; Couvert, Philippe; Giral, Philippe; Lesnik, Philippe; Le Goff, Wilfried; Guillas, Isabelle; Kontush, Anatol Background and aims: While low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, extremely high HDL-C is paradoxically associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship with cardiovascular disease. Free cholesterol transfer to HDL upon lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) was recently reported to underlie this relationship, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis. In addition to free cholesterol, other surface components of TGRL, primarily phospholipids, are transferred to HDL during lipolysis. It remains indeterminate as to whether such transfer is linked to HDL-C and cardiovascular disease. Methods and results: When TGRL was labelled with fluorescent phospholipid 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), time- and dose-dependent transfer of DiI to HDL was observed upon incubations with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The capacity of HDL to acquire DiI was decreased by −36% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 22) and by -95% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C subjects with Tangier disease (n = 7), unchanged in low HDL-C patients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 17) and in subjects with high HDL-C (n = 20), and elevated in subjects with extremely high HDL-C (+11%, p<0.05) relative to healthy normolipidemic controls. Across all the populations combined, HDL capacity to acquire DiI was directly correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.58, p<0.001). No relationship of HDL capacity to acquire DiI with both overall and cardiovascular mortality obtained from epidemiological studies for the mean HDL-C levels observed in the studied populations was obtained. Conclusions: These data indicate that the capacity of HDL to acquire phospholipid from TGRL upon LPL-mediated lipolysis is proportional to HDL-C and does not reflect cardiovascular risk in subjects widely differing in HDL-C levels.