Problemas nutricionales y asesoramiento recibido en pacientes oncológicos argentinos: un área desatendida; Nutritional problems and advice received in argentinian oncological patients: an unaddressed area Manzur, Karen; Kohan Cortada, Ana Felisa Introducción: Los pacientes oncológicos enfrentan la posibilidad de experimentar problemas asociados a la dieta durante esta etapa. Sin embargo, los antecedentes indican que el asesoramiento nutricional recibido es limitado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los problemas nutricionales asociados a la dieta y el asesoramiento recibido en pacientes oncológicos argentinos en el año 2023. Material y métodos: Diseño no experimental, descriptivo, transversal. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico, participaron voluntariamente pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de cáncer que otorgaron su consentimiento. Se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar los problemas asociados a la dieta y el asesoramiento recibido. La recolección de datos se realizó de manera mixta y el análisis estadístico se efectuó utilizando el software SPSS. Se trabajó con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Participaron 500 pacientes, el 87,2% (n=436) eran mujeres y el diagnóstico más frecuente fue cáncer de mama. El 84,4% de los pacientes experimentaron problemas asociados a la dieta con una mediana de 4 dificultades. De ellos, el 80,1% no fue derivado a un nutricionista para abordar estos síntomas. La frecuencia con la que fueron pesados durante la visita al médico o equipo de salud fue baja (35%). En aquellos que actualmente estaban en tratamiento (n=332), la frecuencia con la que fueron consultados sobre posibles dificultades con la alimentación también fue baja (23,5%); sin embargo, los pacientes con diagnósticos más propensos a experimentar dificultades con la alimentación fueron consultados con mayor frecuencia sobre este tema (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los problemas asociados a la dieta que experimentan los pacientes son frecuentes y numerosos pero el asesoramiento recibido para gestionarlos es limitado. Además, la baja frecuencia de pesaje y consulta sobre este tema, por parte del equipo de salud, destaca la necesidad de atender esta área.; Introduction: Cancer patients face the possibility of experiencing diet-related issues during this stage. However, previous data indicates that nutritional counseling received is limited. The objective of this study was to describe diet-related nutritional problems and the counseling received by Argentine cancer patients in 2023. Materials and Methods: Non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design. A non-probabilistic sampling method was used, and adult cancer patients who provided consent participated voluntarily. A questionnaire was administered to assess dietrelated problems and the counseling received. Data collection was mixed, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with a 95% confidence level. Results: A total of 500 patients participated, 87.2% (n=436) were women, and the most common diagnosis was breast cancer. 84.4% of patients experienced diet-related problems, with a median of 4 difficulties. Of these, 80.1% were not referred to a nutritionist to address these symptoms. The frequency of being weighed during medical or healthcare visits was low (35%). Among those currently in treatment (n=332), the frequency of being consulted about potential dietary difficulties was also low (23.5%). However, patients with diagnoses more prone to dietary issues were consulted more frequently on this topic (p<0.05). Conclusions: Diet-related problems experienced by patients are frequent and numerous, yet the counseling received to manage these issues is limited. Additionally, the low frequency of weighing and consultation by the healthcare team highlights the need to address this area.

Integrating eDNA metabarcoding and citizen science enhances avian ecological research Padro, Julian Research Highlight: Bourbour et al., 2024. Feeding en route: Prey availability and traits influence prey selection by an avian predator on migration. Journal of Animal Ecology. Diet selection plays a key role in the eco-evolutionary dynamics of animals, exhibiting substantial variability across species, environments and seasons. The complex interplay between movement capability, hunting strategies, habitat use, prey traits and availability shapes the foraging patterns of avian predators. However, detailed information on how these birds exploit their extensive territories remains limited. In this study, Bourbour et al. utilised a novel integration of eDNA metabarcoding and citizen science to explore predator–prey interactions between migrating sharpshinned hawks (Accipiter striatus) and an ephemeral avian prey community along North America's Pacific flyway. The research identified 1396 detections from the diet (65 species) of 588 migrating sharp-shinned hawks. Hawks' diet composition correlated with prey abundance indices sourced from the eBird database throughout the migration season, highlighting the significant impact of prey availability—shaped by migration tendency, flocking behaviour, and habitat—on raptor-songbird interactions. Notably, the study also found significant differences in prey size between male and female hawks, indicating that sexual dimorphism has led to diverse foraging strategies during migration. These findings underscore the potential of combining eDNA metabarcoding with citizen science to deepen our understanding of the foraging ecology of highly mobile and wide-ranging birds, as well as to monitor complex and vast ecosystems.

Predation risk and floral rewards: How pollinators balance these conflicts and the consequences on plant fitness Gavini, Sabrina; Quintero, Carolina Foraging behavior of pollinators is shaped by, among other factors, the conflict between maximizing resource intake and minimizing predation risk; yet, empirical studies quantifying variation in both forces are rare, compared to those investigating each separately. Here, we discuss the importance of simultaneously assessing bottom-up and top-down forces in the study of plant-pollinator interactions, and propose a conceptual and testable graphical hypothesis for pollinator foraging behavior and plant fitness outcomes as a function of varying floral rewards and predation risk. In low predation risk scenarios, no noticeable changes in pollinator foraging behavior are expected, with reward levels affecting only the activity threshold. However, as predation risk increases we propose that there is a decrease in foraging behavior, with a steeper decline as plants are more rewarding and profitable. Lastly, in high predation risk scenarios, we expect foraging to approach zero, regardless of floral rewards. Thus, we propose that pollinator foraging behavior follows an inverse S-shape curve, with more pronounced changes in foraging activity at intermediate levels of predation risk, especially in high reward systems. We present empirical evidence that is consistent with this hypothesis. In terms of the consequences for plant fitness, we propose that specialized plant-pollinator systems should be more vulnerable to increased predation risk, with a steeper and faster decline in plant fitness, compared with generalist systems, in which pollinator redundancy can delay or buffer the effect of predators. Moreover, whereas we expect that specialist systems follows a similar inverse S-shape curve, in generalist systems we propose three different scenarios as a function not only of reward level but also compatibility, mating-system, and the interplay between growth form and floral display. The incorporation of trade-offs in pollinator behavior balancing the conflicting demands between feeding and predation risk has a promising future as a key feature enabling the development of more complex foraging models.

Una visión para ladrones: hurto y fe del lenguaje aventurado; A vision for thieves: theft and faith of the ventured language Maggi, Marina Este ensayo aborda la pregunta por la fe como acto de lenguaje que configura el núcleo de toda aventura, en que la coincidencia de lenguaje y acontecer tiene lugar a partir del apasionamiento de una voz, del apego de esta a la intensidad inconstatable de una zona de existencia.; This essay addresses the question of faith as an act of language that gives birth to every adventure. It states that the coincidence of language and event that takes place in any adventure constitutes the passion of a voice, its attachment to the incontrovertible intensity of a zone of existence.

La mar no estaba serena: Peronismo, bienestar social, cultura física y producción audiovisual; La mar no estava serena: Peronisme, benestar social, cultura física i producció audiovisual; The sea was not calm: Peronism, social welfare, physical culture and audio- visual production; La mer n’était pas calme: Péronisme, protection sociale, culture physique et production audiovisuelle Southwell, Myriam Monica; Galak, Eduardo Con la llegada a la presidencia en 1946 de Juan Domingo Perón fue desarrollándose una política pública educativa de masas solidaria con el accionar en el sistema escolar tradicional, articulando sentidos conservadores con nuevas formas de democratización. Se trataba de una puesta en escena de la centralidad de la infancia como agente político, la cual se enlazó con la proliferación de recursos audiovisuales como aliado para la difusión de mensajes propagandístico-partidarios. La cinematografía fue pensada como dispositivo de entretenimiento, información, pasatiempo cultural e instrumento educativo. En este sentido se inscribe la utilización del turismo social y de las colonias de vacaciones por parte del Estado argentino, reflejando imágenes dinámicas sobre cuerpos en movimiento en el mar y en el río. Se analizan la prensa cinematográfica «Colonia de Vacaciones en Punta Lara» y «Magnífica iniciativa hecha realidad» (1950), y tres cortometrajes docuficcionales de propaganda en los que se resalta la política pública de viajes útiles al mar.; Amb l’arribada a la presidència el 1946 de Juan Domingo Perón es va desenvolupar una política pública educativa de masses solidària amb l’acció del sistema escolar tradicional, articulant sentits conservadors amb noves formes de democratització. Es tractava d’una posada en escena de la centralitat de la infància com a agent polític, la qual es va articular amb la proliferació de recursos audiovisuals com a aliat per a la difusió de missatges propagandístic-partidaris. La cinematografia va ser pensada com a dispositiu d’entreteniment, informació, passatemps cultural i instrument educatiu. En aquest sentit s’inscriu la utilització del turisme social i de les colònies de vacances per part de l’Estat argentí, reflectint imatges dinàmiques sobre cossos en moviment al mar i al riu. S’analitzen els curtmetratges «Colonia de Vacaciones en Punta Lara» i «Magnífica iniciativa hecha realidad» (1950), i tres curtmetratges docuficcionals de propaganda en què es ressalta la política pública de viatges útils al mar.; With the inauguration of Juan Domingo Perón as president in 1946, a mass public educational policy was developed in solidarity with actions in the traditional school system, articulating conservative meanings with new forms of democratization. It was a staging of the centrality of children as a political agent, which was related to the proliferation of audiovisual resources as an ally in the dissemination of propaganda/partisan messages. Cinematography was intended as an entertainment device and provider of information, as a cultural pastime and an educational instrument. The use of social tourism and vacation colonies by the Argentine State is inscribed, reflecting dynamic images of bodies moving in the sea and in the river. The newsreels «Vacation Colony in Punta Lara» and «Magnificent initiative come true» (1950) are analysed, as well as three short propaganda films in which the public policy of useful trips to the sea is highlighted.; Avec l’arrivée à la présidence en 1946 de Juan Domingo Perón, une politique éducative publique de masse a été développée en solidarité avec les actions du système scolaire traditionnel, articulant des significations conservatrices avec de nouvelles formes de démocratisation. Il s’agissait d’une mise en scène de la centralité de l’enfance en tant qu’agent politique, qui s’articulait avec la prolifération des ressources audiovisuelles comme alliées pour la diffusion de messages de propagande partisane. La cinématographie était conçue comme un dispositif de divertissement, d’information, de passe-temps culturel et d’instrument éducatif. C’est en ce sens que s’inscrit l’utilisation du tourisme social et des colonies de vacances par l’État argentin, reflétant des images dynamiques de corps en mouvement dans la mer et dans le fleuve. Les courts métrages Colonie de vacances à Punta Lara et Magnifique initiative devenue réalité (1950) sont analysés, ainsi que trois courts métrages documentaires de propagande dans lesquels la politique publique des voyages utiles à la mer est mise en avant.

Fracture toughness and overall characterization of PLA based biocomposites with natural fibers: A comparative study Ramírez Borrero, Carlos Eduardo; Agaliotis, Eliana Mabel; Pettarin, Valeria Biocomposites based on commercial polylactic acid (PLA) matrix reinforced with three different short natural fibers (coir, fique and sisal) at 1; 3, and 5 % wt, were obtained by compression molding. The idea of keeping additional processing steps as low as possible, thus reducing costs, prevailed. Then, no chemical treatment was performed on natural fibers. Overall performance of composites was evaluated by means of fracture tests along with FTIR and thermal characterization, SEM micrographs, and tensile tests. Results show that the incorporation of short sisal fibers increased more than 130 % the fracture toughness of composite materials, by inducing additional mechanisms of energy dissipation prior to crack growth. This improvement in behavior was observed even though there was no good adhesion between fibers and matrix. Sisal fibers’ composites exhibited the best fracture and mechanical properties compared to coir and fique composites, without a detriment in degradation behavior.

Improving the computational efficiency of lock-in algorithms through coherent averaging Oliva, Matias Javier; Veiga, Alejandro Luis; Arias García, Pablo Andrés; Spinelli, Enrique Mario The lock-in amplifier is a commonly used technique for the processing of noisy signals with a known periodicity that involves multiplying the signal with one or more reference signals of the same periodicity and low-pass filtering the results. This enables the recovery of the amplitude and phase of the signal being measured. Another well studied technique to reduce the noise of periodic signals is the coherent averaging method, where the samples of a noisy signal with a known periodicity are averaged coherently. In this paper, a novel system combining both algorithms is proposed. In this approach, the signal is first averaged coherently for a number of cycles (Nca) and then passed through a conventional lock-in with a moving average filter of a whole number of periods of the signal (Nma) as a lowpass filter. In this scenario, the question of how to distribute the incoming samples between the coherent average and the conventional lock-in scheme arises. The mathematical aspects of this issue were evaluated, leading to the conclusion that the calculation results remain identical as long as the product NcaNma remains constant. However, it was observed that the number of operations required for each algorithm varies. By maximizing the number of samples used for the coherent average, the number of multiplications involved can be drastically reduced from NcaNmaM to just M, where M represents the number of samples in a single period of the signal. The drawbacks are the need for space to store the averaged signal, a slower convergence to the result, and an extra cycle in the calculations. Any lockin system with moving average filter can take advantage of these results. Particularly in this study, they are employed to nearly double the achievable clock frequency of a lock-in system implemented on a Cyclone V FPGA, taking it from 119.39 MHz to 216.54 MHz without the use of hardware embedded multipliers.

Nuevo registro para la Flora Vascular Argentina: Gloxinia major (Gesneriaceae, Gloxiniinae); New record for Argentinian Vascular Flora: Gloxinia major (Gesneriaceae, Gloxiniinae) Fabbroni, Mariela; Barrientos, Ignacio; Zanotti, Christian Alejandro Nuestra investigación da a conocer la presencia de Gloxinia major en el territorio argentino, especieanteriormente citada como endémica para los bosques secos de Bolivia. La especie es descrita, ilustradamediante fotografías y, además, se brinda información ambiental sobre las poblaciones halladas ysobre su estado de conservación. Se provee un mapa de distribución geográfica de la especie para laArgentina y Bolivia, y una clave de identificación para las dos especies que se conocen para la FloraArgentina, incluyendo al nuevo registro.; Nuestra investigación da a conocer la presencia de Gloxinia major en el territorio argentino, especie anteriormente citada como endémica para los bosques secos de Bolivia. La especie es descrita, ilustrada mediante fotografías y, además, se brinda información ambiental sobre las poblaciones halladas y sobre su estado de conservación. Se provee un mapa de distribución geográfica de la especie para la Argentina y Bolivia, y una clave de identificación para las dos especies que se conocen para la Flora Argentina, incluyendo al nuevo registro.

O marxismo louco de Mark Fisher: Por uma política radical de saúde mental; The mad marxism of Mark Fisher: For a radical mental health policy Exposto, Emiliano “Marxismo Louco” busca combinar os registros da experiência vivida, do ativismo e da situação argentina na interpretação do pensamento de Mark Fisher. Realizo uma leitura do crítico cultural inglês, revisando suas contribuições para uma teoria crítica do desconforto e uma práxis anticapitalista em saúde mental. Nas duas primeiras seções reconstruo certos aspectos da recepção pessoal e geracional de Fisher na Argentina. Em seguida, delineio os rudimentos conceituais de uma investigação filosófica da “depressão ansiosa” baseada em K-punk. Em quarto lugar, analiso as hipóteses da política dos sintomáticos e da “classe do perturbariado”, considerando o deslocamento ambivalente da autoconsciência coletiva para o autodiagnóstico individual. Na quinta seção, examino as economias do mal-estar em virtude da problematização da normatividade psíquica inerente à dominação capitalista. E, por fim, traço um breve contraponto entre Fisher e um intelectual das “novas direitas” em torno da crise emocional.; In Mad Marxism” seeks to combine the registers of lived experience, activism and the Argentinean conjuncture in the interpretation of Mark Fisher's thought. I make a reading of the English cultural critic reviewing his contributions for a critical theory of discomforts and an anti-capitalist praxis in mental health. In the first two sections I reconstruct certain aspects of Fisher's personal and generational reception in Argentina. Then I outline the conceptual rudiments of a philosophical investigation of “anxious depression” from K-punk. Fourth, I analyze the hypotheses of the politics of the symptomatic and the “class of the deranged,” attending to the ambivalent shift from collective self-consciousness to individual self-diagnosis. Fifth, I examine the economies of discomfort by virtue of problematizing the psychic normativity inherent in capitalist domination. And finally, I trace a brief counterpoint between Fisher and a “new right” intellectual on the crisis psychic.

Retrocesos y avances de la pobreza en Santiago del Estero (Argentina), 1980-2024 Parnas, Mariano Juan; Fonzo Bolañez, Claudia Yesica ste artículo analiza la situación de pobreza en los hogares de Santiago del Estero (Argentina)desde los ochenta hasta el presente, mediante un análisis cuantitativo de las estadísticasoficiales. Por un lado, se utiliza para la Provincia el indicador de Necesidades BásicasInsatisfechas (NBI), desagregando el análisis en cada una de las dimensiones. Por otro lado,se examina lo acontecido con las mediciones de pobreza e indigencia monetaria para elAglomerado Santiago del Estero-La Banda. Mientras el indicador de NBI en Santiago delEstero mostró grandes avances en el último periodo intercensal, sobre todo por las mejorasen las dimensiones hacinamiento y condiciones sanitarias, las mediciones vinculadas alindicador de línea de pobreza exhibieron un salto importante entre el segundo semestre de2023 y el primero de 2024, lo cual vuelve más urgente la necesidad de articular políticas,en distintas escalas de gobierno, para mejorar la situación de miles de hogares que hanvisto deterioraras sus condiciones de vida. A esto se añade la necesidad de mejorar los instrumentos de recolección de información con el propósito de contar con mediciones superadoras de la pobreza multidimensional, incorporar la dimensión subjetiva en las mediciones oficiales y considerar las especificidades de la ruralidad.; This article analyzes the poverty situation in households in Santiago del Estero (Argentina) from the eighties to the present, through a quantitative analysis of official statistics. On the one hand, the Unsatisfied Basic Needs (NBI) indicator is used for the Province, disaggregating the analysis into each of the dimensions. On the other hand, what happened with the measurements of poverty and monetary indigence for the Santiago del EsteroLa Banda Agglomeration is examined. While the NBI indicator in Santiago del Estero showed great progress in the last intercensal period, especially due to improvements in the dimensions of overcrowding and sanitary conditions, the measurements linked to the poverty line indicator showed a significant jump between the second half of 2023 and the first in 2024, which makes the need to articulate policies more urgent, at different levels of government, to improve the situation of thousands of households that have seen their living conditions deteriorate. Added to this is the need to improve information collection instruments with the purpose of having measurements that overcome multidimensional poverty, incorporating the subjective dimension in official measurements and considering the specificities of rurality.

Shifts in the gut microbiota of sea urchin Diadema antillarum associated with the 2022 disease outbreak Ruiz Barrionuevo, Juliana María; Kardas, Elif; Rodríguez Barreras, Ruber; Quiñones Otero, Marcos A.; Ruiz Diaz, Claudia P.; Toledo Hernández, Carlos; Godoy Vitorino, Filipa Introduction: In recent decades, Caribbean coral reefs have lost many vital marine species due to diseases. The well-documented mass mortality event of the long-spined black sea urchin Diadema antillarum in the early 1980s stands out among these collapses. This die-off killed over 90% of D. antillarum changing the reefscape from coral to algal-dominated. Nearly 40 years later, D.antillarum populations have yet to recover. In early 2022, a new mortality event of D. antillarum was reported along the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico. Methods: This study identifies the gut microbiota changes associated with the D. antillarum during this mortality event. It contrasts them with the bacterial composition of gut samples from healthy individuals collected in 2019 by using 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. Results: Notably, the die-off group’s core microbiome resembled bacteria commonly found in the human skin and gut, suggesting potential anthropogenic contamination and wastewater pollution as contributing factors to the 2022 dysbiosis. The animals collected in 2022, especially those with signs of disease, lacked keystone taxa normally found in Diadema including Photobacterium andPropionigenium.Discussion: The association between human microbes and disease stages in the long-spined urchin D. antillarum, especially in relation to anthropogenic contamination, highlights a complex interplay between environmental stressors and marine health. While these microbes might not be the direct cause of death in this species of sea urchins, their presence and proliferation can indicate underlying issues, such as immune depletion due to pollution, habitat destruction, or climate change, that ultimately compromise the health of these marine organisms.

Effect of probiotics on the growth, blood profile, and nutritional-metabolic profile of feedlot cattle Mansilla, Flavia Ivana; Aristimuño Ficoseco, Maria Cecilia; Miranda, Maria Hortencia; D'urso Villar, Marcela Adriana; Fátima Nader Macias, María E.; Vignolo, Graciela Margarita The blood profile, nutritional-metabolic status, and growth performance of cattle receiving probiotic lactobacilli for 105 days from entry to a feedlot system were evaluated. The trial involved 60 Brangus/Braford castrated steers. They were randomly allocated in pens (n = 15/treatment) and in-feed supplemented with different probiotic suspensions (107–108 CFU/mL/day). The suspensions consisted of (A) Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL2074, (B) Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL2085, or (C) multistrain CRL2074 + CRL2085 + Limosilactobacillus mucosae CRL2069 formulations, against the control group. Individual samples were taken from each animal thrice throughout the assay (0, 45, and 105 days). Analysis of clinical parameters showed optimal animal body condition and sensorium state. Isolated nasal discharges and the absence of diarrhea were observed at 105 days in the group administered with multistrain and Lim. fermentum CRL2085 probiotics. An increasing trend was observed in cattle growth throughout the trial, which was calculated based on the height at the withers and the thoracic diameter. Weight increase and daily weight gain (1.31 ± 0.12 kg and 1.21 ± 0.21 kg/day, respectively) were maximum for cattle supplied with CRL2085 and multistrain probiotics. Blood and serum parameters were within referential ranges for the control and probiotics-supplemented groups; however, mean values of hematocrit were higher, while the serum glucose, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein values were lower in all the groups. In addition, the multistrain probiotic formulation exhibited higher numbers of cultivable lactic acid bacteria and a slight decrease in the number of enterobacteria in feces at the end of the trial. Therefore, there is great potential for multistrain probiotic formulation to improve the overall performance of feedlot beef cattle.

La muerte lenta de las simples cosas. (Sobre Ciudad, 1951 de María Lobo) Sosa, Carlos Hernán El artículo ofrece un comentario de la novela Ciudad, 1951, de María Lobo, destacando algunas de las líneas de sentidos más relevantes-. Entre estos posibles ingresos al textos, se destacan las discusiones sobre políticas culturales referidas a las producciones artísticas del interior y las complejidades presentes en la configuración (de pasiaje y personajes) por fuera de los mandatos gestionados por el ámbito metropolitano para las producciones periferizadas del país.

Acompañar a los estudiantes universitarios en sus aprendizajes: entre tutorías, resiliencia estadística y agencia colectiva; Supporting University Students in their Learning: Being Tutoring, Statistical Resilience and Collective Agency Rigo, Daiana Yamila; Guarido, Guadalupe; Damilano, Gabriela Liliana Durante el cursado de Estadística en Ciencias Sociales surgen sentimientosnegativos que generan falta de interés por parte del estudiantado, loque dificulta concluir la asignatura. La investigación busca promover lapermanencia y la finalización de un grupo de estudiantes que cursó esteespacio curricular en el año 2023, a partir de la puesta en acción de tutoríasgrupales entre pares como estrategia que contribuye al desarrollo de laresiliencia estadística y la agencia colectiva, en el marco de la licenciatura enPsicopedagogía. Se trabajó con un diseño descriptivo mixto; participaron40 estudiantes de Argentina. Los datos se recolectaron con diversosinstrumentos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de acompañarlas trayectorias de los estudiantes a lo largo de la materia al propiciar eltrabajo junto con pares y el logro de la capacidad de sobrellevar situacionesadversas para finalizar la materia.; During the Statistics in Social Sciences course, negative feelings arise that generate a lack of interest among students, making it difficult to complete the subject. The research aims to promote the permanence and completion of a group of students who studied this course in 2023 through the implementation of peer group tutoring among peers as a strategy that contributes to the development of statistical resilience and the collective agency, within the framework of the Bachelor´s in Psychopedagogy. A mixed descriptive design was used, and 40 students from Argentina participated. Data were collected using various instruments. The results highlight the importance of accompanying students trajectories throughout the course by encouraging collaborative work with peers and developing the ability to overcome adverse situations to complete the subject.

Update on Endogenous HNO Production: An Exploration of Unanswered Questions and Challenges Vargas, Paola Elizabeth; Doctorovich, Fabio; Suarez, Sebastian This review consolidates the evidence supporting endogenousHNO generation through enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways,emphasizing advancements in real-time HNO sensingwithin living systems. Azanone (nitroxyl, HNO) is the oneelectron-reduced congener of nitric oxide (NO*) and sharesvarious biological actions. HNO exhibits unique properties,including positive inotropic and lusitropic effects, along withresistance to scavenging by reactive oxygen species (ROS),particularly superoxide. Research on HNO has intensified overthe last two decades, focusing on its reactivity and the prospectof endogenous formation due to its potential significance. Thehigh reactivity of HNO arises from reactions with biologicallyrelevant species such as oxygen, NO*, and thiols, as well as selfdimerization.Detecting and quantifying HNO has posedchallenges, initially relying on nitrous oxide (N2O) detection, abyproduct of dimerization. Recent advancements, includingfluorescent probes and a specific electrochemical nanomolarlevelsensor, have facilitated direct detection, enhancing understandingof HNO reactivity and formation.

Enseñar poniendo el precio: el “trabajo” con la teoría en las clases de Noé Jitrik durante la “universidad montonera”; Teaching by setting the price: the “work” with the Theory in the Noé Jitrik’s classes over the “universidad montonera” Gerbaudo, Analía Isabel Este artículo analiza el lugar de la teoría en las clases de Literatura Latinoamericana dictadas por Noé Jitrik durante 1973 y 1974 en la carrera de Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (“teoría” está escrito en singular debido a que hago referencia al constructo general, más allá de las teorías particulares que Jitrik suscribía). Este análisis hace foco en las consecuencias epistemológicas, metodológicas, éticas y políticas que Jitrik atribuía al “trabajo” con la literatura apoyado en el conocimiento de teoría. Estos resultados se ponen en diálogo con otros, a los efectos de contribuir a exhumar el conjunto de las intervenciones realizadas desde la cátedra Literatura Iberoamericana o Literatura y cultura latinoamericanas I en el período (la denominación se modificó apenas iniciado el primer cuatrimestre de 1974). En la demostración retomo algunas de las derivas de estas clases en prácticas de investigación y enseñanza.; This article analyses the place of Theory in the Noé Jitrik’s Latin American Literature classes during 1973 and 1974 in the Letters degree at the University of Buenos Aires (“Theory” is written in singular because I refer to the general concept, beyond the particular theories that Jitrik supported). It focuses on the epistemological, methodological, ethical, and political consequences that Jitrik assigned to the literary analysis based on the theory’s knowledge. These results are confronted with others for the purpose of contributing to the exhumation of the set of actions carried on by the people who had leading the chair of Literatura Iberoamericana or Literatura y cultura latinoamericanas I in the period (the denomination was modified at the beginning of the first term of 1974). In the demonstration I collect some of the consequences of these classes in others research and teaching’s practices.

Efectos de la calidad de los bosques de ribera sobre la diversidad de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) Guerrero, Sofía Eugenia; Vespa, Natalia Isabel; Gomez Cifuentes, Andres Mauricio Los cambios en el microclima por consecuencia de las alteraciones en la estructura del bosque inciden sobre la diversidad y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. En particular, los escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) son muy sensibles a estos cambios por lo que son considerados buenos indicadores biológicos del estado de conservación del ambiente. Los bosques ribereños funcionan como filtros que mitigan el ingreso de contaminantes a los arroyos, en paisajes antropizados, se ven afectados por la conversión del uso de suelo, actividad que produce cambios no solo en las condiciones ambientales, sino que también, perturba la composición de especies y sus roles ecológicos. Los estudios de diversidad resultan de gran interés para aportar información a las estrategias de conservación, así como implementación de prácticas favorables al funcionamiento de estos ambientes. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad de escarabajos estercoleros entre dos franjas de bosques ribereños que difieren en el ancho que establece la ley XVI N.º 105 de la provincia de Misiones-Argentina. El relevamiento se llevó a cabo a lo largo del arroyo Urugua-í. Se establecieron dos transectos de 200m cada uno, en un bosque ripario continuo (BC), dentro de un Área Protegida (Reserva de Vida Silvestre Urugua-i, RVSU) y en un bosque ripario intervenido (BI) fuera de los límites de la Reserva; separados por al menos 1km para asegurar su independencia espacial. En cada sitio de muestreo, se instalaron trampas de caída (pitfall) para colectar escarabajos a través del método de captura viva (liberados luego de su identificación taxonómica). Se evaluó la cobertura vegetal del dosel y la altura de las especies arbóreas mayores o iguales a 10cm de perímetro con el objetivo de caracterizar y comparar la vegetación de cada bosque y así poder relacionarla con la presencia-ausencia de escarabajos. Se registraron 116 individuos en total, correspondientes a siete especies. Dentro del BI se capturaron un total de 40 individuos y cuatro especies. Por otro lado, en el BC se registraron un total de 76 individuos y siete especies. Para el muestreo de vegetación, en el BC se identificaron 11 especies y 28 individuos arbóreos, en comparación con el BI con 8 especies y 15 individuos. Los resultados indican que existe una relación entre el tamaño de las franjas protectoras y la riqueza/abundancia de los escarabajos estercoleros. La implementación de estudios más rigurosos facilitaría la obtención de datos precisos que permitan generar conocimientos superiores sobre la ecología de las especies halladas y su relación con los bosques ribereños, desencadenando en mejores planes de manejo dentro de las AP, con el objetivo de conservar su biodiversidad.

Análisis Cromatográfico de los Componentes Bioactivos en Schinus areira en San Rafael Mendoza – Argentina; Chromatographic Analysis of Bioactive Components in Schinus areira in San Rafael Mendoza - Argentina Llano, Carina Lourdes; Cabeza, Maria Silvina; Carbajal Ramos, Irene Schinus areira L. es conocido popularmente como "aguaribay, falso pimiento, pimiento rosa, molle" es una planta potencialmente utilizada tanto por las poblaciones humanas pasadas y actuales con diferentes fines en las industrias farmacéutica, sanitaria, cosmética, agrícola y alimentaria. El objetivo de este trabajo es extraer el aceite esencial de aguaribay recolectado en San Rafael, Mendoza y cuantificar los componentes bioactivos detectados. Se extrajo el aceite esencial de las hojas por medio de la destilación por arrastre de vapor y se analizaron mediante cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a un detector de ionización de llama (CG/FID). Se identificaron un total de 15 principios activos. Los monoterpenos hidrocarbonados fueron los más abundantes con 83,07% siendo el limoneno el más representativo (30,78 %), luego le siguieron los hidrocarburos sesquiterpénicos (5,21%) con δ-cadineno como el componente principal. Estos resultados preliminares muestran la importancia de realizar análisis locales de los componentes bioactivos en especies locales para poder identificar y proponer posibles aplicaciones del mismo. Así, los componentes bioactivos de Schinus areira encontrados son promisorios para ser aplicados en líneas de investigación vinculadas a su uso como conservante y/o pesticida.; Schinus areira L., popularly known as "aguaribay, false pepper, pink pepper, molle," is a plant potentially utilized by both past and present human populations for various purposes in the pharmaceutical, health, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries. This work aims to extract the essential oil from aguaribay collected in San Rafael, Mendoza, and quantify the detected bioactive components. The essential oil was extracted from the leaves through steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). A total of 15 active compounds were identified. Hydrocarbon monoterpenes were the most abundant at 83.07%, with limonene being the most representative (30.78%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (5.21%) with δ-cadinene as the main component. These preliminary results highlight the importance of conducting local analyses of bioactive components in local species to identify and propose possible applications. Thus, the bioactive components found in Schinus areira are promising for application in research lines related to its use as a preservative and/or pesticide.

Development of gluten-free and gum-free rice bread: influence of ingredients, hydration and processing time on bread quality González, Luciana Carla; Contigiani, Eunice Valentina; Tolaba, Marcela Patricia Gluten-free and gum-free breads were developed, with thefocus on the impact of raw materials (rice grain or flour) and processingconditions (pre-hydration and mixing time). The evaluation of bread qualityprimarily involved after the measurement of specific volume (BV), alveolar area(AA), and crumb hardness both before and storage. BV varied within 1.99?2.97ml/g for rice bread and 2.14?2.26 ml/g for flour bread, with control(containing xanthan gum) values of 2.65 and 3.11 ml/g for rice and flour bread,respectively. An increase in AA was observed (rice: 0.5?1.9 mm2 andflour: 0.76?2.0 mm2) compared to controls with gum (rice: 0.36 andflour: 1.41 mm2). Pre-hydration of ingredients and reduced mixing timeimproved bread quality: volume of bread from hydrated rice and 4 min of mixingtime was comparable to that of gum control. Although the aging process,measured by hardness, was faster than in gum-containing bread, process conditionswere identified that delayed aging. This information is essential and valuablefor future research.

A novel and efficient Apple latent spherical virus-based gene silencing method for functional genomic studies in Chenopodium quinoa Melgar, Alejandra Estefania; Palacios, María Belén; Martínez Tosar, Leandro Julián; Zelada, Alicia Mercedes Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), with its resilience in harsh environments and excellent nutritional value, has become crucial for global food security. Despite recent progress in genomic research, the inability to perform functional studies in quinoa due to the absence of transformation techniques remains a significant obstacle. In this work, we present the development of a novel Apple Latent Spherical Virus (ALSV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) protocol that will allow to perform functional genomics studies in quinoa in a fast and simple way. The method was fine-tuned using ALSV plasmids that carry partial gene sequences of phytoene desaturase (PDS) from Nicotiana benthamiana and quinoa. The developed technique involves an initial inoculation in Nicotiana plants through agroinfiltration with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cultures carrying the different viral constructs. Viral extracts were prepared using local or systemic leaves, which were then used as inoculum to infect quinoa leaves through mechanical damage. The method was successfully tested in two contrasting quinoa varieties, although some differences were observed in infection phenotype and viral susceptibility. The effect of insertion sequence size in the viral vectors was also analyzed, resulting in differences in bleaching or chlorosis phenotype and impact on plant growth. The presence of the virus in inoculated plants was confirmed, and the reduction in PDS gene expression in silenced plants was verified. Because quinoa lacks stable transformation protocols, limiting heterologous expression assays, our ALSV-based VIGS protocol is very attractive for loss-of-function gene studies.