Thymopentin improves the survival of septic mice by promoting the production of 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2 and activating the PPARγ signaling pathway Zhang, Ye; Yang, Xue; Yan, Wenchao; Li, Rui; Ye, Qian; You, Linjun; Xie, Wenhao; Mo, Kun; Fu, Ruifeng; Wang, Yanxiang; Chen, Yufei; Hou, Hui; Yang, Yong; Birnbaumer, Lutz; Di, Qin; Li, Xianjing Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection, is a major public health concern with limited therapeutic options. Infection disturbs the homeostasis of host, resulting in excessive inflammation and immune suppression. This has prompted the clinical use of immunomodulators to balance host response as an alternative therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that Thymopentin (TP5), a synthetic immunomodulator pentapeptide (Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr) with an excellent safety profile in the clinic, protects mice against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, as shown by improved survival rate, decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced ratios of macrophages and neutrophils in spleen and peritoneum. Regarding mechanism, TP5 changed the characteristics of LPS-stimulated macrophages by increasing the production of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2). In addition, the improved effect of TP5 on survival rates was abolished by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662. Our results uncover the mechanism of the TP5 protective effects on CLP-induced sepsis and shed light on the development of TP5 as a therapeutic strategy for lethal systemic inflammatory disorders.

Estrés por calor: su efecto sobre el estado inmunológico de las vacas lecheras; Heat stress: its effect on the immune status of dairy cows Lendez, Pamela Anahí; Nieto Farías, María Victoria; Martinez Cuesta, Lucia; Vater, Adrian Alejandro; Ghezzi, Marcelo Daniel; Mota Rojas, Daniel; Dolcini, Guillermina Laura; Ceriani, Maria Carolina El estrés por calor constituye un desafío importante para la industria láctea. Los bovinos de raza europea (Bos taurus) están adaptados al clima frío, presentando características morfo-fisiológicas que los vuelven vulnerables al estrés por calor. El aumento de la temperatura global, del número de vacas lecheras de alta producción (VLAP) y la intensificación de los sistemas productivos puede afectar su potencial productivo, reproductivo y su sistema inmune. Por primera vez se evalúa el patrón de expresión de ARNm de TNF-α y sus receptores en animales expuestos a estrés por calor. La expresión de ARNm de esta citoquina proinflamatoria y sus receptores se realizó mediante la técnica de PCR en tiempo real (qPCR), en bovinos Holando Argentino, en Tandil, Argentina. Los animales se evaluaron durante un año, en tres períodos: primavera (n = 15), verano (n = 14) y otoño (n = 11). Se utilizaron los registros del Sistema Meteorológico Nacional de Argentina para estimar el índice de temperatura y humedad (ITH). Durante el verano se analizaron 609 eventos, 471 (77.33%) excedieron el umbral crítico de 72. En primavera, 6 de 537 eventos analizados (1.11%) superaron el umbral, y en otoño, ninguno de los 993 eventos tenía un ITH>72. Los resultados demuestran una disminución en la expresión de ARNm de TNF-α y sus receptores en animales expuestos a condiciones ambientales compatibles con diestrés durante 8,5±1,09 h diarias. Este diestrés produce efectos negativos en el sistema inmune, que podrían afectar la respuesta a vacunas y aumentar la susceptibilidad a infecciones oportunistas.; Heat stress constitutes a major challenge for dairyindustry. European breed cattle (Bos taurus) areadapted to low temperatures, with morpho-physiological characteristics that make them vulnerable to heatstress. The increase in global temperature, the numberof high production dairy cows, and the intensificationof productive systems might affect their productiveand reproductive potential, and immune system. Forthe first time, expression pattern of TNF-α mRNA andits receptors is evaluated in animals exposed to heatstress. Expression of this inflammatory cytokine andits receptors in Holando Argentino cows from Tandil,Argentina, was evaluated by real time PCR (qPCR).Animals were evaluated throughout a year, in threeperiods: spring (n=15), summer (n=14) and autumn(n=11). Data from the Sistema Meteorológico Nacionalfrom Argentina were used to estimate the Humidityand Temperature Index (HTI). During the summer, 609events were analyzed, and 471 (77.33%) exceeded thecritical threshold of 72. In spring, 6 out of 537 analyzedevents (1.11%) exceeded the threshold, and duringthe autumn season none of the 993 events had anHTI>72. Our results show a decrease in TNF-α and itsreceptors mRNA expression in animals in environmentalconditions compatible with distress along 8,5±1,09 dailyhours. This discomfort provokes negative effects inimmune system that could affect vaccine response andincrease susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Reproduction and description of a new genus and species of deep-sea asteriid sea star (Echinodermata; Asteroidea) from the southwestern Atlantic Rivadeneira, Pamela Ruth; Martinez, Mariano I.; Penchaszadeh, Pablo E.; Brogger, Martin Ignacio Bernasconiaster pipi gen. et sp. nov. is described from work carried out in deep waters off Argentina. It is a small species with six arms, which has only cross-type pedicellariae, among other particular characteristics. Some specimens were found brooding their offspring in the oral area with their arms arched. Up to seven different stages of development were observed, each located at a particular location within the egg masses, and supported by an individual cord. These are connected to a central and more robust primary cord by an oral extension. Eggs were found in the gonads, the initial stages of development were located along the arms to the oral area and some stages were protruding from the mouth, into the everted stomach. A hermaphrodite specimen was found with both types of gonads (male and female). The information obtained suggests a reproductive period of at least five months, continued reproduction should not be ruled out. This species supports the hypothesis that brooding condition predominates in the deep-sea. The present study represents the first record of this type of reproduction in the deep waters of the Southwest Atlantic.

Ureide metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana is modulated by C:N balance Lescano López, Ignacio; Devegili, Andrés Matías; Martini, Carolina; Tessi, Tomás María; González, Claudio Alejandro; Desimone, Marcelo Plants can respond and adapt to changes in the internal content of carbon and nitrogen by using organic compounds that widely differ in their carbon/nitrogen ratio. Among them, the amides asparagine and glutamine are believed to be preferred by most plants, including Arabidopsis. However, increases in the ureides allantoin and/or allantoate concentrations have been observed in different plant species under several environmental conditions. In this work, changes in the ratio between carbon skeletons and reduced nitrogen were investigated by varying the concentrations of nitrogen and sucrose in the growth media. Allantoin accumulation was observed when plants were grown in media with high ammonia concentrations. This increase was reverted by adding sucrose as additional carbon source. Moreover, mutant plants with a decreased capability to degrade allantoin showed a compromised growth compared to WT in ammonia supplemented media. Together, our results indicate that allantoin accumulation is induced by low carbon/nitrogen ratio and suggest that its degradation is critical for proper plant growth and development.

Sorghum pasta and noodles: Technological and nutritional aspects Palavecino, Pablo Martín; Curti, María Isabel; Bustos Shmidt, Mariela Cecilia; Penci, Maria Cecilia; Ribotta, Pablo Daniel Sorghum is a major cereal crop with various agronomic advantages, contains health-promoting compounds and is gluten-free. There is a growing tendency to use sorghum in pasta and noodle formulations, which are among the most widely consumed products in the world, but its potential benefits in human diet are not being fully exploited. Here we review research carried out during the past few years on the use of sorghum as the main ingredient or as an additive in pasta and noodles, highlighting its properties and production technology. Pasta and noodles can be produced with 5 to 100% of sorghum at laboratory, pilot or industrial scale with suitable cooking and textural quality coupled with distinctive sensory attributes. Cooking loss shows minimum values of 0.85 and 1.9 g/100 g for pasta and noodles, respectively, and high water absorption (up to 345 g/100 g). The interesting nutritional profile of the products generally includes up to 45% resistant starch (RS) and phenolic compound content with high antioxidant activity. In addition, tannins decrease starch digestibility 15–20%, producing low glycemic index (GI) products (below 65). This is especially important for celiac people, offering them the alternative of gluten-free sorghum pasta and noodles.

Jamming and percolation of linear k -mers on honeycomb lattices Iglesias Panuska, G. A.; Centres, Paulo Marcelo; Ramirez Pastor, Antonio Jose Numerical simulations and finite-size scaling analysis have been performed to study the jamming and percolation behavior of elongated objects deposited on two-dimensional honeycomb lattices. The depositing particle is modeled as a linear array of length k (so-called k -mer), maximizing the distance between first and last monomers in the chain. The separation between k -mer units is equal to the lattice constant. Hence, k sites are occupied by a k -mer when adsorbed onto the surface. The adsorption process starts with an initial configuration, where all lattice sites are empty. Then, the sites are occupied following a random sequential adsorption mechanism. The process finishes when the jamming state is reached and no more objects can be deposited due to the absence of empty site clusters of appropriate size and shape. Jamming coverage θ j , k and percolation threshold θ c , k were determined for a wide range of values of k ( 2 ≤ k ≤ 128 ). The obtained results shows that ( i ) θ j , k is a decreasing function with increasing k , being θ j , k → ∞ = 0.6007 ( 6 ) the limit value for infinitely long k -mers; and ( i i ) θ c , k has a strong dependence on k . It decreases in the range 2 ≤ k < 48 , goes through a minimum around k = 48 , and increases smoothly from k = 48 up to the largest studied value of k = 128 . Finally, the precise determination of the critical exponents ν , β , and γ indicates that the model belongs to the same universality class as 2D standard percolation regardless of the value of k considered.

Weaving people and places: Landscapes of obsidian circulation in NW Argentina. A long-term view (ca. CE 100–1436) Lazzari, Marisa; Sprovieri, Marina Leticia Ancient exchange practices have long been at the centre of comparative studies of social complexity. While finding valuable information, this approach has paid less attention to the multi-layered cultural understandings underpinning past transactions, ultimately diluting the power of archaeology to understand specific historical trajectories. This article examines the circulation and uses of obsidian in two sectors of the Calchaquí Valleys area of northwestern Argentina, considering contextual information from Early to Late Period (ca. CE 100–1436) settlements. Travelling far and widely, obsidian wove people and places in space and time through material interactions, condensing the broader regional world into partible materials for everyday use. While maintaining a generalised access ethos throughout the sequence, obsidian also enabled new forms of communal organisation and leadership. The article contributes to wider interdisciplinary approaches to the ontology of resources and their transformative social power, both in the Andes and beyond.

Efectos del Omega 3 ante Deterioro Cognitivo Castro Zamparella, Tatiana; Balaszczuk, Veronica El deterioro cognitivo puede ir desde olvido senil benigno hasta un deterioro cognitivo profundo. De esta manera la entidad clínica deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) debe diferenciarse del deterioro de la memoria del envejecimiento normal, éste último está asociado a edad y refiere a quejas subjetivas de memoria y pruebas cognitivas. Los factores de riesgo para conversión de DCL a demencia es multifactorial, donde, la edad y genética son factores no modificables, mientras que por otro lado el riesgo cardiovascular, malnutrición, sedentarismo y fallas en la memoria episódica y semántica podrían ser consideradas factores de riesgo modificables para la evolución a Enfermedad de Alzheimer. En los últimos años, la investigación sobre las enfermedades neurodegenerativas ha dado resultados muy escasos en el tratamiento farmacológico convencional, no obstante los estudios preventivos poblacionales han sido muy alentadores. Estudios epidemiológicos demuestran que las dietas ricas en Omega 3 son asociadas con un menor riesgo de demencia y que los factores de riesgo detallados anteriormente pueden ser controlados manteniendo un estilo de vida saludable, basado en una dieta adecuada y ejercicio físico. En la Región y particularmente en Argentina, los estudios que exploran los efectos protectivos de los ácidos grasos Omega 3 son muy escasos, y los que existen hacen referencia a los mismos con referencia a patologías cardiacas o de hipertensión arterial. Entonces, teniendo enfrente un avance etario a largo plazo las tendencias en salud están puesta en prevenir y ganar el mayor tiempo posible para proporcionar calidad de vida a la población adulta.; Cognitive decline can range from benign senile forgetfulness to profound cognitive decline. In this way, the clinical entity mild cognitive impairment (MCI) must be differentiated from the memory impairment of normal aging, the latter is associated with age and refers to subjective memory complaints and cognitive tests. The risk factors for converting MCI to dementia are multifactorial, where age and genetics are non-modifiable factors, while on the other hand cardiovascular risk, malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle and failure in episodic and semantic memory could be considered risk factors modifiable for evolution to Alzheimer's disease. In the past years, research on neurodegenerative diseases has given few data in conventional pharmacological treatment, although population-based preventive studies have been very encouraging. Epidemiological studies show that diets rich in Omega 3 are associated with a lower risk of dementia and that the risk factors mentioned above can be controlled by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, based on an adequate diet and physical exercise. In the Region and particularly in Argentina, studies that explore the protective effects of Omega 3 fatty acids are very few, and those that exist refer to them with reference to cardiac pathologies or arterial hypertension. So, because aging population is advancing, health trends are set to prevent and save as much time as possible to provide quality of life for the adult population.

Cambios en la comprensión del propio rol de extensionista a partir de la experiencia: Un estudio latinoamericano; Changes in the understanding of the own role as extension worker as a result of experience: a Latin American study Landini, Fernando Pablo La extensión rural constituye una práctica altamente compleja. En general, la bibliografía académica ha estudiado los cambios históricos que han acontecidos en los enfoques de extensión. Sin embargo, poca atención ha recibido el estudio de los cambios en los enfoques de los extensionistas a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional. En esta investigación se describe de qué manera se transforma el modo en que los extensionistas comprenden su rol a partir de la práctica y la experiencia. Se entrevistó a 133 extensionistas de seis países latinoamericanos. Las entrevistas fueron transcriptas y sometidas a un análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que los extensionistas, como resultado de la práctica y la experiencia, tienden a (1) ampliar y complejizar su forma de comprender la tarea de extensión, (2) tomar conciencia de las limitaciones de sus propios conocimientos y propuestas, (3) adoptar enfoques más dialógicos y constructivistas, y a (4) ser progresivamente más realistas. En paralelo, se observa que los enfoques de extensión se articulan fuertemente con las identidades y con las emociones de los extensionistas, lo que explica que impulsar cambios en el modo de pensar la extensión sea una tarea altamente compleja.; Rural extension is a highly complex practice. In general, the academic literature has studied the historical changes that have taken place in the extension approaches. However, little attention has been given to the study of changes in the extension workers’ approaches during their career path. In this study, it aims to describe how extension workers change their understanding of their role as a result of practice and experience. A total of 133 extension workers from six Latin American countries were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and their content analyzed. The results show that extension workers, as a result of practice and experience, tend to (1) broaden and make more complex their understanding of extension work, (2) become aware of the limitations of their own knowledge and proposals, (3) adopt more dialogical and constructivist approaches, and (4) become more realistic. Besides, the research also shows that extension approaches are highly intertwined with the identities and the emotions of the extension workers, which explains why contributing to changes in how they understand their role is so difficult.

Guidelines for the Analysis and Design of Argumentation-Based Recommendation Systems Leiva, Mario Alejandro; Budan, Maximiliano Celmo David; Simari, Gerardo Recommender systems study the characteristics of its users and applying different kinds of processing to the available data, find a subset of items that may be of interest to a given user in a specific situation. Argumentation-based tools offer the possibility of analyzing complex and dynamic domains by generating and analyzing arguments for and against recommending a specific item based on the users' preferences. This approach allows us to analyze the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the recommended items, and to provide explanations to increase transparency. In this article, we develop a set of software engineering guidelines for the analysis and design of recommender systems leveraging this approach.

Evaluation of environmental and local factors on urban sarcosaprophagous Diptera: A case study with Sarcophagidae Battán Horenstein, Ariela; Mulieri, Pablo Ricardo; Gleiser, Raquel M. The urbanization process affects the structure of insect communities, favouring biotic homogenization processes by promoting adequate conditions for the establishment of synanthropic species. Considering the scarce knowledge about the ecology of Neotropical sarcophagids, we compared the flesh fly community from two different urban zones in two contrasting seasons and examined the response of the Sarcophagidae assemblage to landscape and microhabitat variables. Adult flies were collected in 13 sites with two traps (total number of traps 26) baited with 200 g of hydrated bone meal. A total of 2312 adult sarcophagids were collected belonging to 27 species; Oxysarcodexia paulistanensis (Mattos, 1919) represented >48% of the total sample. The local factor of insolation explained both the abundance and species richness of sarcophagids, collections being higher and richer in traps exposed to sun light compared with traps placed in the shade regardless of the season. Richness was also affected by the environment, being higher in traps exposed in suburban rather than urbansites. The combination of these factors (sub-urban environment and availability of openareas) could explain the Sarcophagidae assemblage. The average number of sarcophagidspecies collected was related to the season, providing a good opportunity to assess the temporal variability of this family in the region.

γ-ray/infrared luminosity correlation of star-forming galaxies Kornecki, Paula; Pellizza González, Leonardo Javier; del Palacio, Santiago; Müller, Ana Laura; Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Romero, Gustavo Esteban Context. Nearly a dozen star-forming galaxies have been detected in γ-rays by the Fermi observatory in the last decade. A remarkable property of this sample is the quasi-linear relation between the γ-ray luminosity and the star formation rate, which was obtained assuming that the latter is well traced by the infrared luminosity of the galaxies. The non-linearity of this relation has not been fully explained yet. Aims. We aim to determine the biases derived from the use of the infrared luminosity as a proxy for the star formation rate and to shed light on the more fundamental relation between the latter and the γ-ray luminosity. We expect to quantify and explain some trends observed in this relation. Methods. We compiled a near-homogeneous set of distances, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and γ-ray fluxes from the literature for all known γ-ray emitting, star-forming galaxies. From these data, we computed the infrared and γ-ray luminosities, and star formation rates. We determined the best-fitting relation between the latter two, and we describe the trend using simple, population-orientated models for cosmic-ray transport and cooling. Results. We find that the γ-ray luminosity-star formation rate relation obtained from infrared luminosities is biased to shallower slopes. The actual relation is steeper than previous estimates, having a power-law index of 1.35 ± 0.05, in contrast to 1.23 ± 0.06. Conclusions. The unbiased γ-ray luminosity-star formation rate relation can be explained at high star formation rates by assuming that the cosmic-ray cooling region is kiloparsec-sized and pervaded by mild to fast winds. Combined with previous results about the scaling of wind velocity with star formation rate, our work provides support to advection as the dominant cosmic-ray escape mechanism in galaxies with low star formation rates.

Metodologías para la detección de SARS-CoV-2 y análisis de carga viral mediante RT-PCR cuantitativa Jaquenod de Giusti, Carolina; Montanaro, Mauro Aldo; Mencucci, María Victoria; Canzoneri, Romina; Orlowski, Alejandro; Santana, Marianela; Pereyra, Erica Vanesa; Kraemer, Mauricio Nestor; Lavarias, Sabrina Maria Luisa; Moscoso, Verónica Victoria; Costantini, Noelia; Francini, Flavio; Garda, Horacio Alberto; Pedríni, Nicolás; Baro, María González; Petroff, Martín Vila; Aiello, Ernesto Alejandro; Abba, Martín Carlos En diciembre de 2019, se produjo un nuevo brote de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) en Wuhan, China. El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), que es el séptimo coronavirus conocido que infecta a los humanos, es altamente infeccioso y se ha expandido rápidamente en todo el mundo desde su descubrimiento. El diagnóstico de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 se basa en la detección del genoma viral (ARN) a través de técnicas de biología molecular. Con este fin, se extrae el ARN total para su posterior detección mediante PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real (RT-qPCR). Las pruebas cuantitativas de ácidos nucleicos se han convertido en el “estándar de oro” para el diagnóstico y guía en la toma de decisiones clínicas. Sin embargo, los ensayos de RT-qPCR dirigidos al SARS-CoV-2 tienen varios desafíos, especialmente en términos de diseño de cebadores / sondas y de desarrollo de metodologías que permitan estimar la carga viral en pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19.; In December 2019, a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans, is highly contagious and has rapidly expanded worldwide since its discovery. Quantitative nucleic acid testing has become the gold standard for diagnosis and guiding clinical decisions regarding the use of antiviral therapy. Total RNA is purified for subsequent SARS-CoV-2 detection by a real time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). However, the RTqPCR assays targeting SARS-CoV-2 have a number of challenges, especially in terms of primer / probe design and in the development of methodologies to estimate viral load in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Dynamics of feeding and defecation behavior of Triatoma infestans hybrids Lopez, Ana Graciela; Cardozo, Miriam; Oscherov, Elena Beatriz; Crocco, Liliana Beatriz Triatoma platensis is occasionally found coexisting with Triatoma infestans in chicken coops in Argentina. Some authors have reported the presence of hybrid specimens of both species in chicken coops and other peridomestic habitats. Given the coexistence of T. infestans with T. platensis and the possibility of generating fertile hybrids, it is important to evaluate the vectorial competence of these hybrids. The objective of this study was to record the dynamics of feeding-defecation behavior in fifth-stage nymphs and adults of hybrids between both species and to compare it with T. platensis and T. infestans. Three experimental groups were formed separated by stage and sex: Hybrid group, T. infestans group, and T. platensis group. During feeding, the following variables were recorded for each group: (i) blood meal size, (ii) feeding time, (iii) number of defecations during feeding, and (iv) number of defecations at 10 and 30 min after feeding. The results indicate that adults and fifth-instar nymphs of hybrids have a feeding and defecation behavior similar to T. infestans: they achieve feeding in a short time and first defecation occurs during or just after feeding. Nevertheless, hybrid’s ingestion of blood occurs at higher velocity and they require higher blood intake to provoke early defecations. Considering the blood ingestion velocity, the amount of blood ingested, and the short time required for the production of the first defecation, the results of this study suggest that hybrid can be a competent Trypanosoma cruzi vector.

Pandemia y virtualidad forzada en la escuela para adultos. Reflexiones, aportes y experiencias educativas desde el C.E.N.S Nº 1; Pandemic and forced virtuality in adult school. Reflections, contributions and educational experiences from C.E.N.S No. 1 Ibañez, Cecilia Elizabeth; Hernandez, Maria Eugenia Como consecuencia de la intempestiva suspensión de la educación presencial, acaecida en el marco de las medidas de aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio dispuestas para contener la propagación de la enfermedad viral, se desplegaron diversas estrategias para dar continuidad a la educación formal, adquiriendo, preeminencia, dentro de ellas, la modalidad virtual de enseñanza. Considerando ello, nos proponemos caracterizar el desarrollo de la continuidad educativa a partir del establecimiento del nuevo modo de trabajo virtual en las escuelas C.E.N.S Nº 1 de Santiago del Estero, teniendo en cuenta los singulares condicionamientos sociales y económicos que atraviesan los estudiantes de estas instituciones. Para abordar este objetivo, además del recorrido por el desarrollo teórico conceptual pertinente se trabaja con material empírico recabado mediante el trabajo de campo consistente en encuestas a alumnos y docentes y entrevistas a las autoridades de la referida escuela C.E.N.S. El estudio permite advertir que la modalidad virtual opera como un condicionamiento más para este grupo de alumnos, manifestado en la escasa participación de los estudiantes.; As a consequence of the abrupt suspension of face-to-face education, which occurred within the context of the “preventive and compulsory social isolation [PCSI]” measures decided to contain the spread of the viral disease, various strategies were deployed to give continuity to formal education, acquiring preeminence, within them, the virtual teaching modality. Considering this, we propose to characterize the development of educational continuity from the establishment of the new form of virtual education in schools C.E.N.S No. 1 of Santiago del Estero, taking into account the unique social and economic conditions that defines the students of these institutions. To address this objective, in addition to the exploration of the relevant conceptual theoretical development, we analyze an empirical material collected through field work consisting of students and teachers surveys and interviews with the authorities of the referred school C.E.N.S. The study allows us to know that the virtual modality operates as one more conditioning for this group of students, manifested in the low participation of students.

El género Pannaria (Pannariaceae) en la Argentina: Nuevos registros y actualización del conocimiento Passo, Alfredo; Díaz Dominguez, Raúl Enrique; Rodriguez, Juan Manuel Introducción & Objetivos: Como parte de estudios a largo plazo enfocados en la diversidad de hongos liquenizados en la Argentina, se presenta una revisión sobre el género Pannaria para el país. Este género nunca ha sido estudiado en detalle en nuestro territorio. M&M: La morfología, anatomía y química de las especies fue estudiada por medio de la revisión de ejemplares frescos recolectados en el campo y el estudio de diferentes colecciones de herbario, siguiendo protocolos estandarizados. Resultados: Se registraron 15 especies de Pannaria, 3 de ellas por primera vez para la Argentina: P. conoplea, P. malmei y P. tavaresii. Se propone una nueva sinonimia (P. euphylla = P. calophylla). Se presentan descripciones, fotografías e información actualizada sobre la distribución y ecología de las especies, y una clave para su identificación. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las especies mencionadas se encuentran en los bosques andino-patagónicos, con la excepción de P. conoplea, P. malmei y P. tavaresii, que se encontraron en el centro de Argentina, en bosques de altura de Polylepis.; Background and aims: As part of long-term studies focused on the diversity of lichenized fungi in Argentina, a review of the genus Pannaria in the country is presented. This genus have never been studied in detail in our territory. M&M: The morphology, anatomy and chemistry of the species were studied through the review of fresh specimens collected in the field and the study of different herbarium collections, following standardized protocols. Results: Fifteen species of Pannaria are registered for Argentina, 3 of them for the first time: P. conoplea, P. malmei, and P. tavaresii. A new synonym is proposed (P. euphylla = P. calophylla). Descriptions, photographs, and actualized information on their distribution and ecology, and a key for their identification are presented. Conclusions: Most of the mentioned species were found in the Andean-Patagonian forests, with the exception of P. conoplea, P. malmei and P. tavaresii, which were found in central Argentina, in high altitude forests of Polylepis.

Stenting as porous media in anatomically accurate geometries: A comparison of models and spatial heterogeneity Dazeo, Nicolás Ignacio; Dottori, Javier Alejandro; Boroni, Gustavo Adolfo; Narata, Ana Paula; Larrabide, Ignacio Modelling intracranial aneurysm blood flow after flow diverter treatment has proven to be of great scientific and clinical interest. One of the reasons for not having CFD as an everyday clinical tool yet is the time required to set-up such simulations plus the required computational time. The speed-up of these simulations can have a considerable impact during treatment planning and device selection. Modelling flow diverters as a porous medium (PM) can considerably improve the computational time. Many models have been presented in literature, but quantitative comparisons between models are scarce.In this study, the untreated case, the explicit definition of the flow diverter wires as no-slip boundary condition and five different porous medium models were chosen for comparison, and evaluated on intracranial aneurysm of 14 patients with different shapes, sizes, and locations. CFD simulations were made using finite volume method on steady flow conditions. Velocities, kinetic energy, wall shear stress, and computational time were assessed for each model. Then, all models are compared against the no-slip boundary condition using non parametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.The model with least performance showed a mean K-S statistic of 0.31 and deviance of 0.2, while the model with best values always gave K-S statistics below 0.2. Kinetic energy between PM models varied between an over estimation of 218.3% and an under estimation of 73.06%. Also, speedups were between 4.75x and 5.3x (stdev: 0.38x and 0.15x) when using PM models.Flow diverters can be simulated with PM with a good agreement to standard CFD simulations were FD wires are represented with no-slip boundary condition in less than a quarter of the time. Best results were obtained on PM models based on geometrical properties, in particular, when using a heterogeneous medium based on equations for flat rhomboidal wire frames.

Ciudades medias: problematizando la escala Silva, Ana Cecilia Desde distintas perspectivas –epidemiológicas, políticas, urbanísticas, mediáticas- la cuestión de la escala urbana ha sido recurrentemente significada como una dimensión relevante para abordar, gestionar y/o experimentar de manera diferencial el alcance y el impacto de la propagación de la enfermedad causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Este trabajo retoma algunos resultados de investigaciones previas sobre ciudades medias de la provincia de Buenos Aires desarrolladas en el marco del NACT PROINCOMSCI de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UNICEN, con el propósito de problematizar la cuestión de la escala urbana a la luz de los procesos implicados por las diferentes medidas de aislamiento y distanciamiento social implementadas para hacer frente a la pandemia de Covid-19. En particular, se propone abordar la medianidad como categoría analítica etnográficamente informada que permite indagar en la experiencia de la escala media para un abordaje relacional y situado de la efectivización de dichas medidas en la ciudad de Olavarría.

“La casa convertida en mundo” como contexto de aprendizaje en tiempos de pandemia Bengtsson, Astrid Mariana; Bugallo, Lucía; Coccoz, Verónica; D'Adamo, Paola; Lozada, Mariana; Méndez, Laura Marcela; Pedrazzini, Ana Mercedes; Pérez, Soledad Analía; Rapela, Verónica; Salsa, Analía Marcela; Scheuer, Nora; Tozzini, María Alma; Ventura, Ana Clara Vivir y convivir en casa mucho más tiempo que lo habitual plantea el desafío de cómo hacer confluirtiempos diversos, de construir nuevas formas de habitarla. En muchas familias, se trata de encontrarformas de conjugar el tiempo doméstico y el ocioso (con horarios y reglas que se negocian en la familia), junto con el del estudio (si las instituciones educativas proponen una agenda de trabajo) y, para quienes somos docentes, requiere apropiarse de nuevas formas de trabajo, estrategias, problemas y desafíos.

Fire reduces dry season low flows in a subtropical highland of central Argentina Cingolani, Ana María; Poca, María; Whitworth Hulse, Juan Ignacio; Giorgis, Melisa Adriana; Vaieretti, Maria Victoria; Herrero, María Lucrecia; Navarro Ramos, Silvia Elisa; Renison, Daniel Wildfires are recurrent in seasonally-dry ecosystems; however, their effects on streamflows at the end of the dry season (low flows) are not well understood. The infiltration-evapotranspiration trade-off hypothesis postulates that when vegetation cover is lost or degraded, low flows in the following dry season are reduced due to impaired water infiltration and storage in soils during the wet season, which surpass gains due to diminished evapotranspiration. We tested this hypothesis in the context of vegetation loss produced by fire. For this purpose, we seized a wildfire in a subtropical highland of central Argentina and selected 12 burnt and 12 unburnt catchments of 15–60 ha. We measured low flows at the outlet point of each catchment in two opportunities: one year after the fire (post-fire dry season) and in a dry season not affected by previous fire (control dry season). Using the 12 unburnt catchments, we built linear regression models to estimate the expected low flows for the post-fire dry season under a no-fire scenario. The predictor variables were low flows in the control dry season. We applied the models to burnt catchments and compared the expected with the observed low flows. We also evaluated vegetation activity through satellite images. Burnt catchments showed significant low flow reductions of 31–48% compared with expectations under a no-fire scenario, supporting the infiltration-evapotranspiration trade-off hypothesis. Vegetation activity was lower in burnt than in unburnt catchments only for the first three months after the fire, while it was more active since then for one year. Together our results suggest that post-fire reduced low flows can be explained by a reduced infiltration, as well as by higher evapotranspiration due to increased vegetation activity. Given the extent of seasonally dry ecosystems worldwide, we highlight the importance of controlling wildfires to improve streamflow in the dry-season.