Circadian disruption promotes tumor-immune microenvironment remodeling favoring tumor cell proliferation Aiello, Ignacio; Mul Fedele, Malena Lis; Román, F.; Marpegan, Luciano; Caldart Valle, Carlos Sebastian; Chiesa, Juan José; Golombek, Diego Andrés; Finkielstein, C.V.; Paladino, Natalia Circadian disruption negatively affects physiology, posing a global health threat that manifests in proliferative, metabolic, and immune diseases, among others. Because outputs of the circadian clock regulate daily fluctuations in the immune response, we determined whether circadian disruption results in tumor-associated immune cell remodeling, facilitating tumor growth. Our findings show that tumor growth rate increased and latency decreased under circadian disruption conditions compared to normal light-dark (LD) schedules in a murine melanoma model. Circadian disruption induced the loss or inversion of daily patterns of M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages and cytokine levels in spleen and tumor tissues. Circadian disruption also induced (i) deregulation of rhythmic expression of clock genes and (ii) of cyclin genes in the liver, (iii) increased CcnA2 levels in the tumor, and (iv) dampened expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF/CIP1, all of which contribute to a proliferative phenotype.

Política de ciencia, tecnología e innovación frente a la coyuntura y la recuperación pospandemia Echeverry Mejia, Jorge Andres; Loray, Romina Paola; Galdos Frisancho, Melina; Villalba Morales, María Luisa La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha resaltado el rol que la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI) desempeñan en la generación de respuestas de política pública basadas en evidencia y de desarrollos específicos para atender la problemática. En un contexto caracterizado por niveles de incertidumbre sin precedentes, gobiernos en distintos países del mundo han buscado en universidades, empresas de base tecnológica y centros de investigación, guía para dar respuesta a la emergencia sanitaria desencadenada por el coronavirus. Tras el éxito de varias iniciativas en el sector (como las pruebas moleculares y los avances en el desarrollo de una vacuna), parece haberse creado un acuerdo alrededor de la necesidad de destinar más recursos a quienes materializan las actividades de CTI. Los gobiernos en América Latina, como consecuencia, han desplegado una serie de instrumentos de política pública con la finalidad de brindar apoyo al sector. No obstante, en un contexto que exige repensar las estructuras, prácticas y políticas de CTI, las respuestas de los gobiernos continúan reproduciendo (con un objetivo distinto) las estrategias y acciones que precisamente se necesita transformar.

Unraveling the gallol-driven assembly mechanism of thermoreversible supramolecular hydrogels inspired by ascidians Wolfel Sánchez, Alexis; Euti, Esteban; Picchio, Matías Luis; Romero, Marcelo Ricardo; Galván Josa, Víctor Martín; Martinelli, Marisa; Minari, Roque Javier; Alvarez Igarzabal, Cecilia Ines Polyphenols-based supramolecular hydrogels have recently attracted much attention as smart materials for applications in several technologies. Although great advances have been made in this field, there is a challenging need for creating new versatile materials that combine synthesis simplicity and suitable functional properties. In this work, inspired by the hydrogen bonding ability of pyrogallol-bearing proteins found in ascidians, we explored a small gallol analog, gallic acid (GA), as a dynamic crosslinker of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The fundamentals of the supramolecular assembly mechanism of PVA/GA hydrogels are studied for understanding the final properties of the obtained thermo-reversible hydrogels. The polymer deacetylation degree was a key factor to control the gelation kinetics, morphology, and properties of the supramolecular materials. Furthermore, the intercalation of GA molecules between PVA chains produced polymer crystals with a new spatial arrangement, modifying the elastic modulus of the supramolecular network and increasing its stability in water. With remarkable fast gelation ability, ascidian-inspired PVA-GA hydrogels may provide a promising platform for a wide range of biomedical applications including topical drug delivery of therapeutic proteins, wearable electronic devices, and 3D printing.

One-body entanglement as a quantum resource in fermionic systems Gigena, Nicolás Alejandro; Di Tullio, Marco; Rossignoli, Raúl Dante We show that one-body entanglement, which is a measure of the deviation of a pure fermionic state from a Slater determinant (SD) and is determined by the mixedness of the single-particle density matrix (SPDM), can be considered as a quantum resource. The associated theory has SDs and their convex hull as free states, and number conserving fermion linear optics operations (FLO), which include one-body unitary transformations and measurements of the occupancy of single-particle modes, as the basic free operations. We first provide a bipartitelike formulation of one-body entanglement, based on a Schmidt-like decomposition of a pure N-fermion state, from which the SPDM [together with the (N-1)-body density matrix] can be derived. It is then proved that under FLO operations the initial and postmeasurement SPDMs always satisfy a majorization relation, which ensures that these operations cannot increase, on average, the one-body entanglement. It is finally shown that this resource is consistent with a model of fermionic quantum computation which requires correlations beyond antisymmetrization. More general free measurements and the relation with mode entanglement are also discussed.

The ability of riboflavin-overproducing lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains to survive under gastrointestinal conditions Hernández Alcántara, Annel M.; Pardo, Sandra; Mohedano, Mari Luz; Vignolo, Graciela Margarita; de Moreno, Maria Alejandra; Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph; Aznar, Rosa; López, Paloma Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is essential for humans and has to be obtained from the diet. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce this vitamin, and they can be used for in-situ fortification of foods. This could be an alternative to supplementation with chemically synthesized vitamin, to palliate riboflavin deficiencies in specific groups of people. Moreover, if the producing LAB could survive in the gastrointestinal stress (GIT) they could be added as probiotics in this environment. In the present study we tested two riboflavin-overproducing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (M5MA1-B2 and M9MG6-B2), spontaneous mutants of LAB isolated from chicha, a traditional Andean beverage. These two LAB, and also their isogenic strains M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12], expressing the mCherry protein from the pRCR12 plasmid, were evaluated in vitro under simulated GIT conditions. Among other, specifically developed protein fluorescence assays were used. The four LAB showed similar levels of adhesion (>6.0%) to Caco-2 cells, higher than that of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG strain (4.51%). Thus, LAB biofilm formation was assessed in the labeled cells by intracellular mCherry fluorescence and in the unlabeled parental strains by crystal violet staining. Both methods detected the formation of consistent biofilms by the L. plantarum strains. The quantification of mCherry fluorescence was also used to analyze LAB auto-aggregation properties. High levels of auto-aggregation were detected for both M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12]. Survival of LAB included in a commercial cereal-based food matrix (Incaparina) under GIT conditions was also evaluated. The four LAB were resistant in vitro to the stomach and intestinal stresses, and proliferated in this environment, indicating a protective and nutritional effect of the Incaparina on the bacteria. Also, M9MG6-B2 survival in the presence or absence of Incaparina was evaluated in vivo in a BALB/c mouse model. The administration of the M9MG6-B2 strain alone or together with Incaparina had no adverse effect on the health, growth and/or well-being of the rodents. In addition, an increment in the villus length/crypt depth ratio was observed. The overall results obtained indicate that the LAB studied have probiotic characteristics of interest for the development of functional foods.

Length and biomass data for Atlantic and Pacific seaweeds from both hemispheres Scrosati, Ricardo Augusto; MacDonald, Heather L.; Córdova, César A.; Casas, Graciela Noemi As the length of an organism is a unidimensional measure but its biomass is distributed across three dimensions, length and biomass are allometrically related in plants and animals. Due to the high interspecific morphological variation in nature (e.g., long, thin, and narrow flatworms vs. short and globose snails), the biomass–length relationship differs among species. Interest in the principles governing biomass–length allometry has sparked research about the drivers of biological form (West et al., 1999; Niklas and Enquist, 2001; Makarieva et al., 2005; Kleyer et al., 2019). Biomass–length allometry can ultimately be of practical value, such as for the non-destructive estimation of stand biomass (Scrosati, 2006a; Yuen et al., 2016) and productivity (Martin et al., 2014), the determination of body condition (Brodeur et al., 2020), or the unintrusive estimation of body mass (Turnbull et al., 2014; Coulis and Joly, 2017; Sohlström et al., 2018), which is in turn allometrically related to various biological processes (Brown et al., 2004; Marquet et al., 2005).

Confirming the Explosive Outflow in G5.89 with ALMA Zapata, Luis A.; Ho, Paul T. P.; Fernandez Lopez, Manuel; Guzmán Ccolque, Estrella; Rodríguez, Luis F.; Reyes Valdés, José; Bally, John; Palau, Aina; Saito, Masao; Sanhueza, Patricio; Rivera Ortiz, P. R.; Rodríguez González, A. The explosive molecular outflow detected decades ago in the Orion BN/KL region of massive star formation was considered to be a bizarre event. This belief was strengthened by the nondetection of similar cases over the years with the only exception of the marginal case of DR21. Here, we confirm a similar explosive outflow associated with the UCHII region G5.89-0.39 that indicates that this phenomenon is not unique to Orion or DR21. Sensitive and high angular resolution (∼0.″1) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(2-1) and SiO(5-4) observations show that the molecular outflow in the massive star-forming region G5.89-0.39 is indeed an explosive outflow with an age of about 1000 yr and a liberated kinetic energy of 1046-49 erg. Our new CO(2-1) ALMA observations revealed over 30 molecular filaments, with Hubble-like expansion motions, pointing to the center of UCHII region. In addition, the SiO(5-4) observations reveal warmer and strong shocks very close to the origin of the explosion, confirming the true nature of the flow. A simple estimation for the occurrence of these explosive events during the formation of the massive stars indicates an event rate of once every ∼100 yr, which is close to the supernovae rate.

Rheological behavior, antimicrobial and quorum sensig inhibition study of an argentinean oregano essential oil nanoemulsion Asensio, Claudia Mariana; Quiroga, Patricia Raquel; Al-Gburi, Ammar; Huang, Quingron; Grosso, Nelson Rubén In this study, Argentinean oregano essential oil (OEO) nanoemulsions (NEs) were developed. Four NEs were prepared: a control (CNE), EONE1 (10.6 mg EO/g NE), EONE2 (106 mg EO/ g NE), and EONE3 (160 mg EO/g NE) and tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 14213, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 using a broth microdilution assay and quorum sensing inhibition in a model using Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, where the production of violacein was quantified. The chemical composition of the EO was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The average particle size (nm) and polydispersity index were monitored over 14 days at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). A rheological behavior study was carried out using a dynamic shear rheometer, and flow curves, as well as viscoelastic properties, were determined. E. coli and L. monocytogenes were the most sensitive microorganisms to EONE (MIC of 2 and 5 mg/ml for EOEN3). Sub-MICs for NE were found at lower concentrations than those for pure EO. A significant reduction in violet pigment intensity and colorless coloration (p < 0.05) were observed at different NE concentrations concerning the control sample. The flow behavior index (n) decreased, and the consistency index (k) increased when the EO concentration was increased. CNE, EONE1, and EONE2 showed liquid-like behavior (G′ < G″) in the low-frequency region, whereas a solid-like behavior (G′ > G″) was observed in the high-frequency region, presenting a viscoelastic behavior, appearing as a wormlike micellar solution. For EONE3, a strong increase in both moduli was observed with increasing OEO concentration. The G′ was about one order of magnitude higher than the G″ over the whole frequency range, indicating the presence of a gel-like structure. The incorporation of EOs into an NE increased their stability, lowering the particle size, leading to a wormlike micelle with higher viscosity. Moreover, this NE had good antimicrobial activity and novel quorum-sensing inhibition activity. The results of this study indicated that Argentinean OEO NE could be used in a food system as a natural and stable antimicrobial agent.

¿“Trabajo infantil” o “tradición cultural”?: Complejizando las representaciones adultas sobre la inserción de niños/as y adolescentes de familias bolivianas en contextos laborales del interior de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; “Trabalho infantil” ou “tradição cultural”?: Aprofundando a análise das representações dos adultos sobre a inserção de crianças de famílias bolivianas em contextos de trabalho no interior da província de Buenos Aires Nicolao, Julieta; Tevez, Emilio José Este artículo busca reconstruir y complejizar las representaciones que desde el ámbito escolar y la propia comunidad boliviana, se generan sobre las experiencias de niños, niñas y adolescentes incorporados/as a prácticas productivas/laborales en el cinturón fruti-hortícola del partido de General Pueyrredón (Buenos Aires, Argentina). El trabajo pone en tensión los componentes socio-culturales que se registraron en torno a los posicionamientos ante situaciones de trabajo infantil y adolescente, respecto de las condiciones de desigualdad estructural asociadas, entre otros, al contexto de organización del trabajo y las condiciones de empleo que predominan en la actividad. Sustentado en un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, con entrevistas y observación pasiva desarrolladas en cuatro escuelas y organizaciones vinculados a la población migrante, tiene como desafío subyacente contribuir a derribar las miradas estigmatizantes sobre las familias bolivianas involucradas en estas prácticas, así como exponer las limitaciones que los actores del sistema educativo encuentran para su abordaje.; Este artigo procura reconstruir e aprofundar a análise sobre as representações geradas desde o ambiente escolar e desde a própria comunidade boliviana sobre as experiências de crianças e adolescentes incorporados/as às práticas produtivas/laborais no cinturão hortifrutícola do partido de General Pueyrredón (Buenos Aires, Argentina). O trabalho confronta os componentes socioculturais registrados em torno dos posicionamentos sobre situações de trabalho infantil e adolescente, em relação às condições de desigualdade estrutural associadas, entre outras, ao contexto da organização do trabalho e às condições de emprego que predominam na atividade. Sustentado numa abordagem metodológica qualitativa, com entrevistas e observação passiva realizadas em quatro escolas e organizações ligadas à população migrante, seu desafio subjacente é ajudar a quebrar as visões estigmatizantes sobre as famílias bolivianas envolvidas nessas práticas, bem como expor as limitações que os atores do sistema educacional encontram para sua abordagem.

El copo y la avalancha: Los estudios sobre Prilidiano Pueyrredón; The Flake and the Avalanche: The Studies About Prilidiano Pueyrredón Masán, Lucas Andrés El siguiente estado de la cuestión se inscribe como parte de una investigación doctoral en curso en la cual abordamos las formas que asumió la sensibilidad visual en el Buenos Aires de 1860 a través de las pinturas de temática rural de Prilidiano Pueyrredón. Por tal motivo, aquí presentamos el rastreo de la literatura referida a sus trabajos pictóricos y la dividimos en dos partes según sus formas de abordaje: los estudios clásicos y los enfoques más recientes.; The following state of affairs is inscribed as part of an ongoing doctoral research in which we address the forms that visual sensitivity assumed in Buenos Aires in 1860 through the rural paintings of Prilidiano Pueyrredón. For this reason we present here the tracing of the literature referring to his pictorial works and we divide it into two parts according to his approaches: the classic studies and the most recent approaches.

Relative expression of genes associated with adhesion to bovine mammary epithelial cells by Streptococcus uberis Fessia, Alumine Soledad; Dieser, Silvana Andrea; Renna, Maria Sol; Raspanti, Claudia Gabriela; Odierno, Liliana Mónica Streptococcus uberis is one of the most prevalent environmental pathogens of bovine mastitis. Biofilm growth ability by S. uberis looks to depend first upon the adherence of cells to a surface. The S. uberis ability to adhere to mammary gland epithelia might provide an advantage to colonize the lactating mammary gland. The objectives of this study were (a) to select S.uberis strains according to their ability to form biofilm, (b) to determine adherence to and internalization into MAC-T cells and (c) to investigate the expression profile adherence genes in these S. uberis strains. For the assays, the MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used. Relative expression of genes acdA, lmb, scpA, sua, fbp and lbp was quantified by RT-qPCR. We observed that the RC38 strain from clinical bovine mastitis showed in the six genes higher values than control in both conditions. While the strain with greater ability to adhere, from clinical mastitis and biofilm producer (RC29) evidenced higher values in group 1 (G1) (bacteria after the initial contact with MAC-T cells) and decrease in group 2 (G2) (both adhered and internalized bacteria) than control. Strains with a moderate or strong capacity for biofilm production showed significantly lower relative expression values in the G2. In all adherence associated genes, strain RC19 showed relative expression values incremented in G1, while in G2 decreased expression. In conclusion, we did not find a single profile of relative expression because the relative expression levels of each gene differed depending on the strain and the co-culture stage of S. uberis cells from which RNA was obtained.

Giardia spp., the most ubiquitous protozoan parasite in Argentina: Human, animal and environmental surveys reported in the last 40 years Rivero, Maria Romina; Feliziani, Constanza; de Angelo, Carlos Daniel; Tiranti, Karina Ivana; Salomón, Oscar Daniel; Touz, Maria Carolina Giardia is a parasite distributed worldwide and one of the most prevalent intestinal protozoa in Argentina. We analysed all the national information regarding the prevalence of Giardia infections in humans, animals and environmental surveys over the last 40 years. In this work, we used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines and the period between 1980 and 2019 was defined as time lapse for inclusion of the studies. The analysis was conducted using the LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Argentina SciELO databases employing as keywords ‘Giardia’ AND ‘Argentina’. We also carried out a manual review of papers. Of 304 articles, 92 fitted the eligibility criteria. Giardia was reported in 15 of the 23 Argentine provinces; human prevalence was between 3.4 and 64.8%. Indigenous children and residents in peri-urban areas had the higher infection rates. In animals, Giardia was identified mainly in dogs with a prevalence of 8.9 ± 7.0%, and studies of wild animals and cattle were notably scarce. Environmental studies showed that Giardia was detected in the soil and water which may act as reservoirs for this parasite revealing the need to modify the national water treatment legislation. The identification of Giardia genetic assemblages in the studies analysed was limited and showed that genotypes AII and B were found in humans while assemblage B was mainly detected in animals. This report provides useful information on epidemiological aspects of giardiasis in Argentina that may help to define future research priorities and provides useful tools for professionals regarding actual information on the prevalence of this infection.

Crosstalk between sterol and neutral lipid metabolism in the alga Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to light stress Scodelaro Bilbao, Paola Gabriela; Garelli, Andres; Díaz, Marina Lucía; Salvador, Gabriela Alejandra; Leonardi, Patricia Ines The presence, biosynthesis and functional role of sterols in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis remain poorly understood. In this work we studied the effect of high-light (HL) stress on sterol synthesis in H. pluvialis UTEX 2505 cells. HL stress induced the synthesis of sterols in parallel with that of triacylglycerides (TAG), giving rise to the synthesis of cholesterol over that of phytosterols. Blockage of the carotenogenic 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (MEP) pathway is shown to be involved in HL-induced sterol synthesis. In addition, high irradiance exposure induced MEP- and fatty acid (FA)-biosynthetic transcripts. The pharmacological inhibition of these pathways suggests a possible feedback regulation of sterol and FA homeostasis. Finally, both lipid classes proved crucial to the adequate photosynthetic performance of H. pluvialis grown under HL intensity stress. Our findings reveal new insights into H. pluvialis lipid metabolism that contribute to the development of value-added bioproducts from microalgae.

Canopy cover is a key factor to preserve the ecological functions of dung beetles in the southern Atlantic Forest Gomez Cifuentes, Andres Mauricio; Vespa, Natalia Isabel; Semmartin, María Gisela; Zurita, Gustavo Andres In general, livestock activities affect the diversity and ecological functions of dung beetles. However, some practices associated with tree retention could reduce this problem while maintaining productivity. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of canopy cover on dung beetle biomass, their burial activity and changes in soil conditions associated with this activity, in the southern Atlantic Forest of Argentina. Four habitat types were compared: (i) native forest, (ii) silvopastoral systems with native trees, (iii) silvopastoral systems with exotic trees (Pinus taeda), and (iv) open pastures. Canopy cover, and microclimatic and soil conditions were also evaluated in each habitat type. The native forest and silvopastoral systems (both native and exotic) showed lower temperatures, higher relative humidity, higher electrical conductivity, and higher nitrate (N-NO3) and sand contents than open pastures, which showed opposite microclimatic conditions and higher clay contents. In addition, field experiments using acrylic plastic beads and cow dung were performed to evaluate the burial activity of dung beetles, and its influence on soil properties. Soil samples were collected after 30 days to compare the soil conditions among habitat types. Total burial (>95%) and depth (5?6 cm) of acrylic plastic beads were higher in habitat types with native trees than in livestock systems with exotic trees and open pastures; moreover, dung beetle total biomass was strongly and linearly related to burial activity among habitat types. We observed no direct influence of burial activity on soil properties. Our results support the idea that livestock systems with native trees improve the environmental parameters, biomass and ecological functions of dung beetles compared with silvopastoral systems with exotic trees and open pastures.

La cartografía como instrumento de geoconservación en áreas protegidas; Cartografia como instrumento de geoconservação em áreas protegidas; Cartography as a Geoconservation Instrument in Protected Areas Duval, Valeria Soledad; Gil, Veronica; Campo, Alicia Maria Las áreas protegidas son los espacios en los cuales el geopatrimonio puede ser resaltado, enseñado y conservado. El estudio y valoración de las geoformas y procesos del relieve se logran preservar a través de instrumentos de gestión que integran la geoconservación. En este sentido se destacan tres agentes relevantes en la intervención de la conservación del patrimonio geomorfológico: los geocientíficos, los visitantes y los gestores. El objetivo del trabajo fue elaborar cartografía como instrumento esencial para la geoconservación del Parque Nacional Lihué Calel. Para ello se elaboraron mapas del geopatrimonio y del geoturismo con información que fue recopilada a través de la revisión de los antecedentes y principalmente del trabajo de campo realizado. También se realizaron propuestas de geosenderos y de cartelería para resaltar el valor de los geomorfositios.; Áreas protegidas são os espaços em que o geopatrimônio pode ser destacado, ensinado e preservado. O estudo e a avaliação das geoformas e processos do relevo são gerenciados para preservar por meio de instrumentos de gerenciamento que integram a geoconservação. Nesse sentido, três agentes relevantes se destacam na intervenção de conservação do patrimônio geomorfológico: os geocientistas, os visitantes e os gerentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar a cartografia como um instrumento essencial para a geoconservação do Parque Nacional Lihué Calel. Para esse fim, foram elaborados mapas de geo-património e geoturismo, com informações compiladas por meio da revisão dos antecedentes e principalmente do trabalho de campo realizado. Também foram feitas propostas de geo-trilhas e sinalização para destacar o valor dos geomorfositos.; Protected areas are the spaces in which geopatrimony can be highlighted, taught and preserved. The study and assessment of the geoforms and relief processes are preserved through management instruments that integrate geoconservation. In this sense, three relevant agents stand out in the intervention of geomorphological heritage conservation: geoscientists, visitors and managers. The aim of this work was to elaborate cartography as an essential instrument for the geoconservation of Lihué Calel National Park. For this, geopatrimony and geotourism maps were prepared with information that was collected through the background check and mainly the field work carried out. Proposals of geotrails and posters were also made to highlight the value of geomorphosites.

Regional price dynamics in Argentina (2016-2019) González, Fernando Antonio Ignacio This work investigates compliance with the Law of One Price (LOP) across regions of Argentina. A convergence and cointegration analysis of the 2016–2019 period is conducted using the series of the Total Basic Basket (TBB) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) published by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC in Spanish) on a monthly basis for six regions in Argentina. The results suggest the existence of convergence in prices and cointegration across regions, which is consistent with compliance with the LOP. This is especially relevant for its potential impact on regional poverty disparity. Indeed, if poorer regions with lower prices tend to have a greater increase in price levels –and therefore convergence is observed– this may imply an increase in regional disparities.

Anthropogenic invaders: historical biogeography, current genetic status and distribution range of the "peludo" Chaetophractus villosus (Xenarthra) in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, southern South America Poljak, Sebastián; Sánchez, Julieta; Lanusse, Lucas; Lizarralde, Marta Susana Chaetophractus villosus was once distributed from the south of Bolivia and Paraguay to the northwest of Patagonia, where the species survived in glacial refugia during Pleistocene. After the ice retreated, the species expanded its distribution further south reaching Chubut River. In the last two centuries, the species colonized the rest of Patagonia on both sides of the Andes and was introduced in Tierra del Fuego (TDF) in 1982, where it expanded its distribution range along 484 km2 until 2005. A single mitochondrial Control Region haplotype (HC) was described across Argentine Patagonia based on the low number of samples. This lack of variability was exceptional and impressive, taking into account that the northern neighboring areas of distribution are considered ancestral due to the haplotype richness. Here, we added new field and genetic data and compiled recent bibliography to update the biogeography and phylogeography of the species in southern South America. To explain the unprecedent lack of genetic variability, we discussed three main aspects: a historical biogeographic aspect related to the natural barriers for the species, a strong stochastic component, and the possible adaptive advantages of the only mitochondrial lineage detected, whose colonization and acclimatization to the new environment were mediated by man. We also estimated that the current distribution range in TDF is about 8527 km2.

El vínculo entre lo socio-asistencial y la estrategia electoral de Cambiemos de la campaña de María Eugenia Vidal a los perfiles y discursos ponderados en el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de la provincia de Buenos Aires (2015-2019); The relation between socio-walfare management and the electoral strategy of Cambiemos: from the campaign of María Eugenia Vidal to the profiles and representations valued at the Ministry of Social Development in the province of Buenos Aires (2015-2019) Salerno, Agustin En este artículo analizamos los perfiles y atributos de los dirigentesque ocuparon cargos públicos en el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social dela provincia de Buenos Aires durante el gobierno de Cambiemos.Primero, estudiamos el vínculo que se estableció entre el área y lopolítico electoral a partir del perfil político que construyó lagobernadora y del encumbramiento en el área de un conjunto decandidatos de Cambiemos en distintos municipios de la provincia deBuenos Aires. Luego, destacamos la agenda que construyó esta nuevafuerza política anclada en una primacía de la noción de orden y de unamunicipalización de las prioridades de la cartera. Finalmente,sopesamos la relevancia que asumieron como funcionarios unconjunto de individuos con pretensiones electorales en distritos delGran Buenos Aires.; In this article we analyze the profiles and attributes of the politicians who held public positions in the Ministry of Social Development of the province of Buenos Aires during the Cambiemos government. First, we study the connection that was established between this area and electoral politics based on the political profile that the governor built and the rise in this area of a set of candidates from Cambiemos in different municipalities of the province of Buenos Aires. Then, we highlight the agenda that was built by this new political force, which was anchored in a primacy of the notion of order and municipalization of the ministry´s priorities. Finally, we weigh up the importance that a group of individuals with electoral claims in districts of Greater Buenos Aires assumed as members of that government.

Variación en los niveles séricos de Calcio, Fósforo, Magnesio, Cobre y Zinc durante las distintas etapas productivas en cabras de leche en un tambo caprino del noroeste argentino; Variation in serum levels of Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Copper and Zinc across productive stages of dairy goats in northwestern Argentina Vitulli Moya, Gabriel; Vazquez, Victoria del Valle; Martínez, Gabriela Marcela; Colque Caro, Luis Adrián; Medina Vallejo, Diego M.; Suarez, Víctor Humberto; Mattioli, Guillermo Alberto; Rosa, Diana Esther; Micheloud, Juan Francisco El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los niveles séricos de calcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnesio (Mg), cobre (Cu), y zinc (Zn) en cabras lecheras en diferentes etapas productivas. Se seleccionaron 20 cabras de raza Saanen en diferentes estadios productivos: preparto (1 a 2 semanas previas al parto), posparto (1 a 2 semanas de lactancia), pico de lactancia (6 a 8 semanas de lactancia posparto) y período de seca (15 a 30 días de finalizada la lactancia) de un establecimiento lechero del valle de Lerma, Salta. Se colectaron muestras de sangre y se midieron los niveles séricos de Ca, Mg, Cu, y Zn empleando espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y P por colorimetría. Se identificó hipocalcemia (7,7±0,2 mg/dL) e hipofosfatemia (3,4±0,4 mg/dL) durante todas las etapas productivas. El Mg, por el contrario, presentó niveles adecuados durante todo el ensayo (2,5±0,06 mg/dL). Con respecto a los microminerales evaluados, solo los niveles séricos de Zn fueron inferiores a los recomendaros en todos los periodos productivos (53±4 µg/dL). Los niveles de Cu estuvieron dentro de los límites normales (53±4 µg/dL). Estos resultados permitieron identificar anormalidades en los niveles de Ca, P y Zn durante los periodos productivos evaluados. La información sobre deficiencias minerales en cabras es escasa y debe estudiarse más al respecto.; The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in dairy goats in different productive periods. Twenty Saanen breed goats were selected at different productive stages: prepartum (1 to 2 weeks before partum), postpartum (1 to 2 weeks of lactation), peak of lactation (6 to 8 weeks postpartum) and dry period (15 to 30 days of the final lactation) of a dairy farm in the Valle de Lerma, in the province of Salta. Blood samples were collected and then, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and P was measured by colorimetric. Hypocalcaemia (7,7±0,2 mg/dL) and hypophosphatemia (3,4±0,4 mg/dL) were found in all production stages. In contrast, Mg levels did not present variation during all the samplings (2.5 ± 0.06 mg / dL). In evaluated micro-minerals, only the serum levels of Zn were lower than those recommended in all the productive periods (53 ± 4 µg / dL). Serum cupper levels were within normal limits (53 ± 4 µg / dL). The obtained results allowed identifying abnormalities in Ca, P and Zn levels during the evaluated productive periods. Information about mineral deficiency in goats is restricted and it is needed to study more about it.

Insight into the conformational space of n-benzyl-n-(furan-2-ylmethyl) acetamide by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations Corredor Montaña, Jeisson D.; Loaiza, Alix; Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo; de Waele, Isabelle; Tobón Correa, Yeny Alexandra; Gomez Castaño, Jovanny Arles In this study, the conformational behavior of N-benzyl-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl) acetamide in chloroform was addressed by using a combined experimental/theoretical strategy using NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The 1H and 13C one-dimensional NMR spectra, as well as the two-dimensional HSQC-DEPT and HMBC-DEPT NMR spectra, evinced the presence of a hindered cis(E)-trans(Z) rotational equilibrium in solution. DFT calculations were performed at different theoretical levels using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and predicted nine (four Z and five E structures) stable conformations. The interconversion dynamics among the different confirmations were established in terms of four different rotational equilibria in CDCl3. The chemical shifts in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the compound are similar to the values calculated for the two most abundant conformational equilibria at room temperature, one caused by two Z rotamers and the other by two E rotamers. The compound was also characterized for the first time by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and GC/MS spectrometry. Additionally, several acylation methodologies for synthesizing the title compound from N-benzyl-1-(furan-2-yl)methanamine were tested which resulted in high yields (> 90%) under very convenient conditions (10 min, at room temperature).