Nueva conflictividad social y territorialidades en torno a la transición energética y la minería del litio: el caso de la Mesa de las 33 Comunidades en Argentina; New Social Unrest and Territorialities Around the Energy Transition: The 33 Communities Round-Table Conference Against Lithium Mining in Argentina Barberón, Agustín El avance de proyectos extractivos sobre yacimientos de litio en la última década en América Latina, en general, y en Argentina, en particular, implicó que surgieran en la región focos locales de conflictividad que aglutinaron distintos actores colectivos en oposición y resistencia. El presente artículo se centra en un estudio de caso cualitativo que examina el ciclo de conflictividad social surgido en el noroeste argentino como resultado de la explotación litífera. A partir del análisis de la Mesa de las 33 Comunidades se identifican los actores sociales clave involucrados, las estrategias de lucha que emplean, así como sus demandas y agendas programáticas. Esta investigación se propone contribuir a una mejor comprensión de los desafíos que se presentan en el proceso por consolidar la transición energética hacia la descarbonización de la economía global, en un contexto de creciente demanda de minerales y recursos estratégicos.; The progress of extractive projects on lithium deposits in the last decade in Latin America and in Argentina on lithium in particular implied that local sources of conflict emerged in the region that brought together different collective actors in opposition and resistance. This article focuses on a qualitative case study that examines the cycle of social conflict that arose in northwestern Argentina as a result of lithium exploitation. From the analysis of the “Mesa de las 33 Comunidades” the key social actors involved, the strategies of struggle they use, as well as their demands and programmatic agendas are identified. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the challenges in the process of consolidating the energy transition towards decarbonisation of the global economy, in a context of growing demand for minerals and strategic resources.

Sampling completeness changes perceptions of continental scale climate–species richness relationships in odonates Alves Martins, Fernanda; Stropp, Juliana; Juen, Leandro; Ladle, Richard J.; Lobo, Jorge M.; Martinez Arribas, Javier; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Schlemmer Brasil, Leandro; Ferreira, Victor Rennan Santos; Bastos, Rafael Costa; Córdoba Aguilar, Alex; Medina Espinoza, Emmy Fiorella; Dutra, Silvia Viviana; Vilela, Diogo Silva; Cordero Rivera, Adolfo; del Palacio, Alejandro; Ramírez, Alonso; Carvalho Soares, Anderson André; Farias, Antonio Bruno Silva; Resende, Bethânia Oliveira de; Santos, Bruna dos; Bota Sierra, Cornelio A.; Mendoza Penagos, Cristian Camilo; Veras, Daniel Silas; Pessacq, Pablo; Miguel, Thiago Barros; Mendes, Thiago Pereira; Neiss, Ulisses Gaspar; Almeida, Wanessa Rejane de; Hortal, Joaquín Aim: Insects are one of the least studied taxa, with most species lacking basic ecological and biogeographical information. This problem is particularly acute in the tropics, where low sampling effort hampers accurate estimates of species richness at scale and potentially confounds efforts to identify the drivers of biogeographical gradients. Here, we evaluate the quality of the data on the distribution and diversity of odonate species in the Neotropics, while also examining the influence of sampling completeness on climate–richness relationships using a comprehensive database of odonates. Location: The Neotropics. Taxon: Odonata. Methods: Using 56,535 records collected from 1970 to 2021, we assess whether climate–species richness models vary under different scenarios of survey completeness. Results: Our survey compilation revealed that most Neotropical diversity of Odonata likely remains unknown. Only 1% of the one-degree cells covering the Neotropics held reliable information on odonate species richness, with particularly severe gaps in the Caribbean, Central America, northeastern Brazil and northern Chile. Temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration exert consistent effects on Odonata richness across the entire Neotropics, regardless the level of survey completeness. Whereas seasonality-related variables are less important predictors of species richness at the biogeographical scale. Main Conclusions: By highlighting areas where inventories are more reliable and identifying regions that require increased data collection efforts and mobilization, our assessment offers a roadmap for improving the reliability of odonate inventories in the Neotropics. Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of accounting for varying levels of survey completeness in macroecological models to reveal robust climate–species richness relationships. Simultaneously, they highlight strong climatic predictors of species richness, irrespective of survey effort intensity. These predictors provide a solid foundation for modelling and predicting odonate species richness in the Neotropics.

Barro tal vez… Arqueología experimental y análisis mineralógico de fuentes de arcilla de potencial uso prehispánico (Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca); May be clay… Experimental archaeology and mineralogical analysis of clay sources potentially used during pre hispanic times (Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca) Pérez, Martina Inés; Wachsman, Nestor Jose; Tchilinguirian, Pablo Presentamos los primeros resultados de una investigación, cuyo objetivo principal fue estudiar las diferentes fuentes de arcilla de Antofagasta de la Sierra y evaluar su potencialidad para la manufactura cerámica. A partir del mapeo de los distintos afloramientos, la toma de muestras, el análisis petrográfico y la arqueología experimental, se caracterizaron distintas fuentes de arcilla de Antofagasta de la Sierra. Los primeros estudios posibilitaron ubicar y analizar los componentes de las mismas y la experimentación permitió evaluar los comportamientos de las arcillas en los procesos de manufactura cerámica, antes y después de la cocción. Los análisis implementados permitieron establecer diferentes categorías en función de su adecuación a la producción cerámica: arcillas muy aptas, arcillas poco aptas y arcillas no aptas. Los resultados de la experimentación permitieron observar que esta diferencia tiene lugar luego del proceso de cocción, en el cual muchas de las arcillas que presentan una buena a muy buena plasticidad y maleabilidad, se disgregan y descascaran dando como resultado cerámicas con poca dureza y una textura disgregable debido, en todos los casos, a la presencia de inclusiones de carbonatos de tamaños medianos a grandes. Esta información resultará útil a la hora de abordar el estudio de la tecnología cerámica, al proporcionar datos de referencia para el análisis arqueológico, como la composición, la granulometría y la abundancia de los clastos presentes en las arcillas locales.; We present the results of ongoing research on different clay sources at Antofagasta de la Sierra, evaluating their potential for pottery-making. It included outcrops mapping, sample collection, petrographic characterisation and experimental archaeology to characterise different clay sources in Antofagasta de la Sierra. The former allowed locating and analysing clay components and the experimentation defined clay behaviour during pottery-making, both before and after firing. Our analyses established different categories based on clay appropriateness for pottery making: highly appropriate, slightly appropriate and non-appropriate clays. According to experimentation, this difference takes place after firing, as many highly-plastic and plastic clays disaggregate and peel off generating slightly hard and disaggregated fabrics due to the presence of small to large carbonate inclusions. These results provide a reference for archaeological studies of fabrics including the composition, granulometry and abundance of inclusions naturally present in local clays. In addition, data from experimental archaeology such as malleability and plasticity, contraction rate, thermal resistance and strength will help define the processes involved in pottery manufacture.

Characterizing the ELG luminosity functions in the nearby Universe Favole, G.; González Perez, V.; Ascasibar, Y.; Corcho Caballero, P.; Montero Dorta, A. D.; Benson, A. J.; Comparat, J.; Cora, Sofia Alejandra; Croton, D.; Guo, H.; Izquierdo Villalba, D.; Knebe, A.; Orsi, A.; Stoppacher, D.; Vega Martínez, Cristian Antonio Context. Nebular emission lines are powerful diagnostics for the physical processes at play in galaxy formation and evolution. Moreover, emission-line galaxies (ELGs) are one of the main targets of current and forthcoming spectroscopic cosmological surveys.Aims. We investigate the contributions to the line luminosity functions (LFs) of di erent galaxy populations in the local Universe, providing a benchmark for future surveys of earlier cosmic epochs.Methods. The large statistics of the observations from the SDSS DR7 main galaxy sample and the MPA-JHU spectral catalog enabled us to precisely measure the H , H , [O II], [O III], and, for the first time, the [N II], and [S II] emission-line LFs over  2:4 Gyrs in the low-z Universe, 0.02 < z < 0.22. We present a generalized 1=Vmax LF estimator capable of simultaneously correcting for spectroscopic,r-band magnitude, and emission-line incompleteness. We studied the contribution to the LF of di erent types of ELGs classified using two methods: (i) the value of the specific star formation rate (sSFR), and (ii) the line ratios on the Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich (BPT) and the WHAN (i.e., H  equivalent width, EWH , versus the [N ii]/H  line ratio) diagrams.Results. The ELGs in our sample are mostly star forming, with 84 percent having sSFR > 10^11 yr^-1. When classifying ELGs using the BPT+WHAN diagrams, we find that 63:3 percent are star forming, only 0.03 are passively evolving, and 1:3 have nuclear activity (Seyfert). The rest are low-ionization narrow emission-line regions (LINERs) and composite ELGs.We found that a Saunders functionis the most appropriate to describe all of the emission-line LFs, both observed and dust-extinction-corrected (i.e., intrinsic). They are dominated by star-forming regions, except for the bright end of the [O III] and [N II] LFs (i.e., L[N II] > 1042erg s^-1, L[O III] > 1043erg s^-1), where the contribution of Seyfert galaxies is not negligible. In addition to the star-forming population, composite galaxies, and LINERs are the ones that contribute the most to the ELG numbers at L < 10^41 erg s^-1. We do not observe significant evolution with redshift of our ELGs at 0.02 < z < 0.22. All of our results, including data points and analytical fits, are publicly available.Conclusions. Local ELGs are dominated by star-forming galaxies, except for the brightest [N II] and [O III] emitters, which have a large contribution of Seyfert galaxies. The local line luminosity functions are best described by Saunders functions. We expect these two conclusions to hold up at higher redshifts for the ELG targeted by current cosmological surveys, such as DESI and Euclid.

Scaling relations for globular cluster systems in early-type galaxies. III : the inner flattening of the radial distributions Caso, Juan Pablo; Ennis, Ana Inés; de Bórtoli, Bruno Javier The current properties of globular cluster systems (GCSs) in the nearby Universe are a consequence of an evolutionary history ruled by accretion and disruption processes. The analysis of scaling relations for GCSs is crucial for understanding the relevance of different physical processes involved in their origin and subsequent survival. In this work, radial profiles are calculated for a sample of GCSs associated with nearby massive galaxies. This is supplemented with results from our previous papers, achieving a total sample of 53 GCSs with radial profiles homogeneously calculated, and spanning more than two orders of magnitude in stellar mass of the host galaxy. Scaling relations involving different parameters of the GCSs are obtained for the entire sample, and their significance in terms of different scenarios is considered. Finally, the results are analysed in the literature context.

The First Description of the Microbial Diversity in the Amarillo River (La Rioja, Argentina), a Natural Extreme Environment Where the Whole Microbial Community Paints the Landscape Yellow Bernardelli, Cecilia Elena; Colman, Déborah Inés; Donati, Edgardo Ruben; Urbieta, María Sofía The Amarillo River in Famatina, La Rioja, Argentina, is a natural acidic river with distinctive yellow-ochreous iron precipitates along its course. While mining activities have occurred in the area, the river’s natural acidity is influenced by environmental factors beyond mineralogy, where microbial species have a crucial role. Although iron-oxidising bacteria have been identified, a comprehensive analysis of the entire microbial community in this extreme environment has not yet been conducted. In this study, we employ high-throughput sequencing to explore the bacterial and fungal diversity in the Amarillo River and Cueva de Pérez terraces, considered prehistoric analogues of the current river basin. Fe(II)-enrichment cultures mimicking different environmental conditions of the river were also analysed to better understand the roles of prokaryotes and fungi in iron oxidation processes. Additionally, we investigate the ecological relationships between bacteria and fungi using co-occurrence and network analysis. Our findings reveal a diverse bacterial community in the river and terraces, including uncultured species affiliated with Acidimicrobiia, part of an uncharacterised universal microbial acidic diversity. Acidophiles such as Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, the main iron oxidiser of the system, and Acidiphilium, which is unable to catalyse Fe(II) oxidation but has a great metabolic flexibility,, are part of the core of the microbial community, showing significant involvement in intraspecies interactions. Alicyclobacillus, which is the main Fe(II) oxidiser in the enrichment culture at 30 °C and is detected all over the system, highlights its flexibility towards the iron cycle. The prevalence of key microorganisms in both rivers and terraces implies their enduring contribution to the iron cycle as well as in shaping the iconic yellow landscape of the Amarillo River. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of microbial involvement in iron mineral precipitation, emphasising the collaborative efforts of bacteria and fungi as fundamental geological agents in the Amarillo River.

Tarea de Entrenamiento Armando Equipos 2.0. Instructivo Aydmune, Yésica; Canet Juric, Lorena; Introzzi, Isabel Maria El libro contiene un instructivo de la Tarea Armando Equipos 2.0, para el entrenamiento de la inhibición cognitiva y la memoria de trabajo. Se abordan los siguientes puntos: 1) Conceptos generales sobre el entrenamiento cognitivo y el entrenamiento de las funciones ejecutivas poniendo énfasis en el abordaje basado en procesos; el funcionamiento ejecutivo, especialmente la memoria de trabajo y la inhibición cognitiva. 2) Descripción general de la tarea, incluyendo el paradigma de base sobre el que fue construida, elementos que la componen, y demanda de la inhibición cognitiva y la memoria de trabajo. 3) Pautas para la administración de la tarea, con consideraciones generales sobre su aplicación e inclusión en intervenciones más amplias, cuestiones específicas vinculadas a la administración de cada elemento y nivel de dificultad, puntuación, y otros aspectos a observar durante su aplicación. 4) Un caso a modo de ejemplo. 5) Evidencia empírica publicada hasta el momento sobre su diseño y puesta a prueba.

Conteo leucocitario del elefante marino del sur Mirounga leonina en Caleta Potter, Península Antártica: ¿Influye la presencia de parásitos?; Leukocyte counts in southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina at Potter Cove, antarctic peninsula: does the presence of parasites have an effect? Ricca, Melina; Soto, Florencia Anabella; Negrete, Javier; Leonardi, María Soledad La biota antártica está expuesta a factores estresantes que pueden afectar a la salud y el estadofísico de los individuos. El análisis del sistema inmunitario permite evaluar la respuesta de los organismos ante factores del ambiente, como la presencia de patógenos, contaminantes, cambios en las condiciones ambientales y el efecto de la actividad antropogénica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el peRFIL leucocitario de los elefantes marinos del sur Mirounga leonina en Caleta Potter, Antártida, en dos momentos del ciclo anual, primavera y verano, y en relación con la carga parasitaria. Los muestreos se realizaron durante las campañas antárticas de 2017/2018 y se analizaron individuos juveniles, de los cuales se obtuvo sangre, se recolectaron piojos y se realizaron lavados estomacales. A partir de estas muestras se describió el perfil leucocitario, i.e. recuento total (RTL) y diferencial de leucocitos, y se determinó la presencia y ausencia del piojo Lepidophthirus macrorhini (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae), además de la abundancia de nematodosgastrointestinales (Ascaridida: Anasakiidae). Según los resultados, ni los ectoparásitos ni los ndoparásitos afectaron significativamente los valores observados de RTL. Sin embargo, este varió en función del momento del año, y fue mayor en primavera que en verano. La descripción del perl leucocitario representa uno de los primeros aportes referidos de la colonia de elefantes marinos de Caleta Potter. Dado que los fócidos antárticos son predadores tope y centinelas del ecosistema, este estudio resulta un aporte al conocimiento del estado sanitario del elefante marino del sur en un contexto de cambios ambientales, climáticos y antropogénicos de la Antártida.; The Antarctic biota is exposed to stressful factors that can affect the health and physical condition of individuals. Analysis of the immune system allows evaluation of the response of organisms to environmental factors such as the presence of pathogens, contaminants, changes in environmental conditions, and the e ects of anthropogenic activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the leukocyte pro le of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, in Potter Cove, Antarctica, at di erent times of the year, i.e., spring and summer, and its relationship with parasite burden. Juveniles were analyzed during the 2017/2018 field season. Blood samples were taken, lice were collected, and stomach washes were performed. These samples were used to describe the leukocyte profile (total and differential leukocyte counts) and to determine the presence or absence of the louse Lepidophthirus macrorhini (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) and the abundance of gastrointestinal nematodes (Ascaridida: Anasakiidae). The results showed that both ecto- and endoparasites did not significantly affect the observed leukocyte levels. However, these values varied according to the season, with higher values in spring than summer. The description of the leukocyte profile is one of the first contributions to the elephant seal breeding colony at Potter Cove. Because Antarctic seals are top predators and sentinels of the ecosystem; this study may be useful for research on the health status of southern elephant seals in the current context of environmental, climatic, and anthropogenic changes in Antarctica.

Conteo leucocitario del elefante marino del sur Mirounga leonina en Caleta Potter, Península Antártica: ¿Influye la presencia de parásitos?; Leukocyte counts in southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina at Potter Cove, antarctic peninsula: does the presence of parasites have an effect? Ricca, Melina; Soto, Florencia Anabella; Negrete, Javier; Leonardi, María Soledad La biota antártica está expuesta a factores estresantes que pueden afectar a la salud y el estadofísico de los individuos. El análisis del sistema inmunitario permite evaluar la respuesta de los organismos ante factores del ambiente, como la presencia de patógenos, contaminantes, cambios en las condiciones ambientales y el efecto de la actividad antropogénica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el peRFIL leucocitario de los elefantes marinos del sur Mirounga leonina en Caleta Potter, Antártida, en dos momentos del ciclo anual, primavera y verano, y en relación con la carga parasitaria. Los muestreos se realizaron durante las campañas antárticas de 2017/2018 y se analizaron individuos juveniles, de los cuales se obtuvo sangre, se recolectaron piojos y se realizaron lavados estomacales. A partir de estas muestras se describió el perfil leucocitario, i.e. recuento total (RTL) y diferencial de leucocitos, y se determinó la presencia y ausencia del piojo Lepidophthirus macrorhini (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae), además de la abundancia de nematodosgastrointestinales (Ascaridida: Anasakiidae). Según los resultados, ni los ectoparásitos ni los ndoparásitos afectaron significativamente los valores observados de RTL. Sin embargo, este varió en función del momento del año, y fue mayor en primavera que en verano. La descripción del perl leucocitario representa uno de los primeros aportes referidos de la colonia de elefantes marinos de Caleta Potter. Dado que los fócidos antárticos son predadores tope y centinelas del ecosistema, este estudio resulta un aporte al conocimiento del estado sanitario del elefante marino del sur en un contexto de cambios ambientales, climáticos y antropogénicos de la Antártida.; The Antarctic biota is exposed to stressful factors that can affect the health and physical condition of individuals. Analysis of the immune system allows evaluation of the response of organisms to environmental factors such as the presence of pathogens, contaminants, changes in environmental conditions, and the e ects of anthropogenic activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the leukocyte pro le of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, in Potter Cove, Antarctica, at di erent times of the year, i.e., spring and summer, and its relationship with parasite burden. Juveniles were analyzed during the 2017/2018 field season. Blood samples were taken, lice were collected, and stomach washes were performed. These samples were used to describe the leukocyte profile (total and differential leukocyte counts) and to determine the presence or absence of the louse Lepidophthirus macrorhini (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) and the abundance of gastrointestinal nematodes (Ascaridida: Anasakiidae). The results showed that both ecto- and endoparasites did not significantly affect the observed leukocyte levels. However, these values varied according to the season, with higher values in spring than summer. The description of the leukocyte profile is one of the first contributions to the elephant seal breeding colony at Potter Cove. Because Antarctic seals are top predators and sentinels of the ecosystem; this study may be useful for research on the health status of southern elephant seals in the current context of environmental, climatic, and anthropogenic changes in Antarctica.

Development of New Photoinactivation Strategies for Microbial Decontamination in Fruits and Packaging Larrea, Giuliana Antonela; Gsponer, Natalia Soledad; Durantini, Javier Esteban; Heredia, Daniel Alejandro; Durantini, Edgardo Néstor The consumption of fruits and vegetables in the daily diet is an adequate condition for obtaining a healthy life. Therefore, decontamination is crucial to reducing the appearance of potentially dangerous microorganisms in these foods. In this work, a conjugate (CS-PPIX) of natural origin was synthesized from the covalent union of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and chitosan (CS) by amide bonds. This photosensitizer was developed to reduce the microbial load in fruits and food packaging through the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDI). A film of CS-PPIX showed an appreciable contact surface. The conjugation of PPIX to CS was confirmed by IR spectra. The absorption and emission spectra of the conjugate exhibited the characteristic PPIX bands, accompanied by a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.10. Photodynamic investigation indicated that CS-PPIX produced singlet molecular oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.40) in solution. Also, this compound was able to generate superoxide anion radicals with the assistance of the reductant nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and efficiently photo-oxidize the amino acid l-tryptophan. PDI in vitro experiments were performed with the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteria were eliminated (>99.9999% reduction in survival) when cell suspensions were treated with 1 μM CS-PPIX upon 30 min of irradiation with white light. Furthermore, no microbial growth was detected in cells immobilized on agar surfaces in the CS-PPIX-treated areas. Therefore, the PDI approach was evaluated to reduce the contamination of S. aureus on fruit surfaces and food containers. After treating the surfaces of apple and pear pieces with 10 nmol of CS-PPIX, a greater than 99.9% reduction in bacterial survival was observed upon an irradiation of 30 min. This conjugate was also effective in the photodynamic decontamination of polyethylene bags and polyethylene terephthalate packaging materials. Therefore, the CS-PPIX conjugate presents adequate properties to reduce the microbial load and preserve fresh foods.

Immunohistochemical expression of TFF1 is a marker of poor prognosis in retinoblastoma Aschero, María del Rosario; Ganiewich, Daiana; Lamas, Gabriela; Restrepo Perdomo, Camilo A.; Ottaviani, Daniela; Zugbi, Santiago; Camarero, Sandra; Nespoli, Ezequiel Osvaldo; Cuadrado Vilanova, Maria; Perez Jaume, Sara; Pascual Pasto, Guillem; Sampor, Claudia; Grigorovski, Nathalia; Salas, Beatriz; Suñol, Mariona; Montero Carcaboso, Angel; Mora, Jaume; Garcia de Davila, Maria Teresa; Doz, François; Radvanyi, François; Abramson, David; Llera, Andrea Sabina; Schaiquevich, Paula Susana; Lubieniecki, Fabiana; Chantada, Guillermo Luis Introduction: The risk of relapse in retinoblastoma is currently determined by the presence of high-risk histopathologic factors in the enucleated eye. However, the probability of developing metastatic disease is heterogeneous among these patients. Evaluating a biological marker to identify high-risk patients could be useful in clinical setting. This study aims to evaluate whether the expression of TFF1, a surrogate for subtype 2 retinoblastoma, is a prognostic marker for relapse and death.Methods: This multicenter cohort study included 273 patients, 48 of whom had extraocular disease. Immunohistochemical staining were performed for CRX, ARR3, TFF1, and Ki67. Tumors were classified as histological subtype 1 (HS1) if they had low or no expression of TFF1 (quick score (QS) ≤ 50) and as histological subtype 2 (HS2) if they expressed TFF1 diffusely (QS > 50). We studied the association between HS classification and outcome.Results: Of 273 patients, 35.9% were classified as HS1, 59.3% as HS2 and 4.8% were not evaluable. In multivariate analysis, patients with HS2 tumors had a higher probability of relapse and death than those with HS1 (p < .0001 and p = .00020, respectively). We identified a higher-risk subgroup among HS2 tumors, presenting non-mutually exclusive expression of ARR3 and TFF1 and had an increased risk of relapse and death compared with tumors that displayed mutually exclusive expression (p = .012 and p = .027, respectively).Conclusions: Expression of TFF1, especially when it is not-mutually exclusive with ARR3, is an independent significant marker of poor outcome in retinoblastoma.

¿Un talismán para la justicia penal? Enfoques e interpretaciones sobre el uso de la prisión preventiva Kostenwein, Ezequiel Roberto Con este trabajo procuramos describir y analizar el problema de la prisión preventiva, entendiendo que esta última no es sólo una medida cautelar, sino una práctica judicial compleja que exige tener en cuenta diferentes perspectivas. En primer lugar, aludiremos a la dogmática jurídica, principalmente porque se trata del enfoque que más tiempo lleva estudiando este fenómeno. Luego, presentaremos la mirada que al respecto ofrecen diversas ONG´s, las cuales sugieren que se trata de una herramienta utilizada indiscriminadamente. La tercera perspectiva proviene de las ciencias sociales y pretende explicar el incremento de la prisión preventiva en particular, junto con el incremento de la tasa de encarcelamiento en general, como resultado de procesos tanto históricos como coyunturales. Hacia el final, ofreceremos nuestra postura al respecto, definiendo a la prisión preventiva por lo que produce, por las interacciones que es capaz de articular entre actores judiciales y extrajudiciales.; Con este trabajo pretendemos describir y analizar la problemática de la prisión preventiva, entendiendo que ésta no es sólo una medida cautelar, sino una práctica judicial compleja que requiere tener en cuenta diferentes perspectivas. En primer lugar aludiremos a la dogmática jurídica, principalmente porque es el enfoque que más tiempo lleva estudiando este fenómeno. Luego, presentaremos la visión que diversas ONG ofrecen al respecto, las cuales sugieren que se trata de una herramienta utilizada indiscriminadamente. La tercera perspectiva proviene de las ciencias sociales y busca explicar el aumento de la prisión preventiva en particular, junto con el aumento de la tasa de encarcelamiento en general, como resultado de procesos tanto históricos como coyunturales. Hacia el final ofreceremos nuestra posición al respecto, definiendo la prisión preventiva por lo que produce, por las interacciones que es capaz de articular entre actores judiciales y extrajudiciales.

Reivindicación de la perspectiva de género en la moda: Herramientas para diseñar; Claiming the gender perspective in fashion: Tools for designing Zambrini, Maria Laura Este trabajo se basa en la reivindicación de la perspectiva de género como una herramienta necesaria para repensar e investigar el diseño de la moda. La hipótesis principal que aquí se sostiene es que, para la cultura occidental, la indumentaria y los oficios textiles arrastran cargas simbólicas de género en detrimento de lo femenino en sentido amplio, cuyos orígenes provienen de la organización del mundo europeo, pero que han impactado (e impactan) fuertemente en Latinoamérica a partir de la importación de modelos estéticos dominantes. A su vez, el sostenimiento de formas productivas tales como el fast fashion colaboran con la feminización de la pobreza a nivel global. Por último, se hace referencia a cómo, en el marco de la cuarta ola feminista, han comenzado a cuestionarse los modelos estéticos dominantes en pos de una moda más inclusiva y sustentable.; This work is based on the vindication of the gender perspective as a necessary tool for rethinking and researching fashion design. The main hypothesis is that, for western culture, clothing and textile crafts carry symbolic gender charges to the detriment of the feminine in a broad sense, whose origins come from the organization of the European world, but which have had a strong impact (and still have) in Latin America through the importation of dominant aesthetic models. At the same time, the support of productive forms such as fast fashion collaborates with the feminization of poverty at a global level. Finally, reference is made to how, within the framework of the fourth feminist wave, the dominant aesthetic models have begun to be questioned in pursuit of a more inclusive and sustainable fashion.

An overset improved element-free Galerkin-finite element method for the solution of transient heat conduction problems with concentrated moving heat sources Álvarez Hostos, Juan Carlos; Ullah, Zahur; Storti, Bruno Alberto; Tourn, Benjamin Alfredo; Zambrano Carrillo, Javier Alexander A novel Overset Improved Element-Free Galerkin-Finite Element Method (Ov-IEFG-FEM) for solving transient heat conduction problems with concentrated moving heat sources is introduced in this communication. The method is a mesh-less/mesh-based chimera-type approach that utilises a coarse finite element mesh to discretise the problem geometry, while a separate set of overlapping nodes (patch nodes) moves with the heat source to capture the marked thermal gradients with higher accuracy using the Improved Element-Free Galerkin (IEFG) technique. Outside of the heat source area, where accuracy requirements are significantly lower, the thermal problem is solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The approach involves solving the problem over these two overlapping computational domains and transferring numerical information between the approximations performed on both. Such transfer of information occurs through immersed boundaries that are properly defined, enabling straightforward achievement of accurate results. The proposed Ov-IEFG-FEM is conceived to provide an enriched solution by appropriately coupling the temperature fields computed on the patch nodes and the coarse background mesh using IEFG and FEM, respectively. A comprehensive explanation concerning the appropriate coupling between the temperature fields of both the coarse background finite element mesh and the fine arrangement of moving patch nodes for the IEFG computations, is also provided in this communication. Numerical experiments demonstrate the method effectiveness in accurately and efficiently solving transient heat conduction problems with concentrated moving heat sources.

Cultivos transgénicos y acumulación por desposesión en Argentina (1991-2021): Categorías de análisis y ejemplos empíricos; Transgenic crops and accumulation by dispossession in Argentina (1991-2021): Categories of analyses and empirical examples; Cultures transgéniques et accumulation par dépossession en Argentina (1991-2021): Catégories d' analyses et exemples empiriques Gómez Lende, Sebastián Desde la Revolución Verde de mediados del Siglo XX hasta la actual revolución biotecnológica basada en la ingeniería genética, las semillas vienen siendo objeto de un proceso de acumulación por desposesión que ha cobrado fuerza en Argentina, el tercer país del mundo en cuanto a superficie sembrada con cultivos transgénicos. A diferencia de la mayoría de los estudios académicos –que tienden a focalizarse en los conflictos entre capital, Estado y agricultores en torno a los derechos de propiedad intelectual–, este trabajo aborda la relación entre cultivos transgénicos y acumulación por desposesión a la luz de tres categorías: redistribuciones estatales, biopiratería/contrabando genético, y despojo del derecho a la salud y la alimentación. Los resultados develan el hilo conductor entre la privatización de conocimiento público, la colonización y cooptación del Estado y sus organismos regulatorios por parte del capital biotecnológico, la apertura ilegal de nuevos mercados, las fumigaciones con agrotóxicos, la inversión del principio precautorio y los cercamientos que se ciernen sobre la dieta de la población argentina.; From the Green Revolution of the mid-20th century to the current biotechnological revolution based on genetic engineering, seeds have been subject to a process of accumulation by dispossession that has gained strength in Argentina, the third country in the world in terms of surface area planted with transgenic crops. Unlike most academic studies - which tend to focus on conflicts between capital, State, and farmers over intellectual property rights-, this paper addresses the relationship between transgenic crops and accumulation by dispossession in the light of three categories: state redistributions, biopiracy/genetic smuggling, and dispossession of the right to health and food. The results reveal the common thread between the privatization of public knowledge, the colonization and co-optation of the State and its regulatory bodies by biotech capital, the illegal opening of new markets, the spraying with agrochemical toxins, the reversal of the precautionary principle and the enclosures that hover over the diet of the Argentine population.; À partir de la Révolution Verte de la moitié du XXe. siècle jusqu’à la présente révolution biotechnologique basée dans l’ingénierie génétique, les graines sont devenues l’objet d’un procès d’accumulation par possession qui s’est affirmé en Argentine, le troisième pays du monde quant à superficie semée avec des cultures transgéniques. Contrairement à la plupart d’études académiques - qui ont une tendance à se focaliser dans les conflits parmi le capital, l’État et les agriculteurs au tour des droits de propriété intellectuelle-, le présent travail aborde la relation entre cultures transgéniques et accumulation par dépossession, à la lumière de trois catégories : redistributions de l’état, bio piraterie/contrebande génétique, et dépouillement du droit à la santé et à l’alimentation. Les résultats dévoilent le fil conducteur parmi la privatisation de la connaissance publique, la colonisation et la cooptation de l’État et ses organismes régulateurs de la part du capital biotechnologique, l’ouverture illégale de nouveaux marchés, les fumigations avec des agro toxiques, l’investissement du début préventif et les clôtures qui planent sur le régime de la population argentine.

Enhancement of late-sown maize production with immobilized bacteria in chitosan/starch beads in different crop management conditions Fernández, Macarena; Martínez, Roberto Dionisio; Ferraris, Gustavo Néstor; Pagnussat, Luciana Anabella; Creus, Cecilia Mónica Immobilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in biodegradable polymeric matrices has the potential to improve crop yield and overcome rhizosphere challenges. Previously, we demonstrated that beads prepared from blends of chitosan/starch are useful carriers for bacterial consortia applied to maize seeds, increasing seedlings growth. This work aimed to examine the application of Azospirillum argentinense and Pseudomonas rhodesiae co-immobilized in chitosan/starch beads as inoculants in late-sown maize crops under different environments and agronomic managements. We compared the ability to promote maize crop yield of co-immobilized bacteria with their liquid counterparts. We also analyzed if co-immobilized bacteria could compensate yield for the decline in resource availability caused by high-density sown. Our results revealed that in environments with limiting edaphic-climatic conditions for potential crop growth, maize inoculation with liquid formulations exhibited yield instability and unpredictability. Furthermore, when resources were limited by high plant density, only bead mediated inoculation maintained crop yield. The component responsible for the increase in yield caused by inoculation also varied depending on the environment. The weight of thousand grains explained the increase in yield at high yielding potential environment, whereas the number of grains explained the increase at lower yielding environment. The evidence collected here demonstrates that chitosan/starch beads are suitable for delivery of bacteria consortia as inoculants and more efficient than liquid inoculation, broadening the range of inoculant applications to diverse geographic areas and crop management.

¿Qué hacer con los datos? Aportes teórico-metodológicos al análisis materialista del discurso; What to do with Data? Theoretical-Methodological Contributions to Materialist Discourse Analysis Coviello, Ramiro; Viedma, María Celeste El artículo parte de un interrogante por el estatuto teórico-epistemológico de las condiciones de producción del discurso desde una perspectiva que combina el análisis materialista del discurso francés con la sociología de las problematizaciones. Propone tres modos de puesta en juego de las condiciones de producción, según el momento del proceso de investigación en que intervienen y el peso explicativo que revisten en el resultado: descriptivo, indiciario y estratégico. Establece la necesidad de dar cuenta de la multiplicidad de trayectorias, redes, dispositivos y prácticas que conforman las condiciones de producción del discurso, lo que conduce a una nueva pregunta por modos de re-anudar lo disperso. Finalmente, propone la figura de la “nebulosa” como un modo de presentación y exploración de los datos que no sacrifique su constitutiva heterogeneidad.; The article begins with a question referred to the theoretical-epistemological status of the conditions of discourse production from a perspective that combines French Materialist Discourse Analysis with the sociology of problematizations. It proposes three ways of considering the conditions of discourse production according to the moment of the research process in which they intervene and the explanatory weight that they have in results: descriptive, indicative and strategic. Each is exemplified with an empirical investigation. The article establishes the need to account for the multiplicity of trajectories, networks, devices and practices that make up the conditions of discourse production, which leads to a new question about ways of re-knotting the dispersed. Finally, it proposes the figure of the “nebula” as a way of presenting and exploring data that does not sacrifice its constitutive heterogeneity.

Una cartografía del itinerario pedagógico de Antonio Gramsci entre Italia y América Latina (1968-1991): Efectos dispares de la crisis del marxismo; A cartography of Antonio Gramsci's pedagogical itinerary between Italy and Latin America (1968-1991): Disparate effects of the crisis of Marxism; Uma cartografia do itinerário pedagógico de Antonio Gramsci entre a Itália e a América Latina (1968-1991): Efeitos díspares da crise do marxismo Gómez, Sebastián El artículo aborda el itinerario de Antonio Gramsci en el campo pedagógico italiano y latinoamericano entre 1968 y 1991, es decir, entre los movimientos de protesta del 68 y la disolución de la URSS. La fase más dinámica del estudio educativo del sardo en la península ocurrió entre 1968 y 1976, mientras que, en América Latina, aconteció desde mediados de los 70 hasta 1991. A modo de hipótesis, se sugiere que la crisis del marxismo, entrados los años 70, tuvo efectos dispares en sendas regiones y en el estudio pedagógico del sardo: en Italia, suscitó una retracción, pero, en América latina, intelectuales continuaron reflexionando al interior del paradigma en crisis y recurrieron a Gramsci para renovar la investigación educativa. El artículo concluye que el régimen de circulación pedagógica de Gramsci entre sendas regiones durante el período no estuvo exento de una doble condición: dinámicas centro-periferia y una lógica patriarcal.; The article deals with Antonio Gramsci's itinerary in the Italian and Latin American pedagogical field between 1968 and 1991, that is, between the protest movements of 1968 and the dissolution of the USSR. The most dynamic phase of the educational study of the Sardinian in the peninsula occurred between 1968 and 1976, while in Latin America it took place from the mid-1970s to 1991. As a hypothesis, it is suggested that the crisis of Marxism in the 1970s had disparate effects on the two regions and on the pedagogical study of the sardinian: in Italy it provoked a retraction, but in Latin America, intellectuals continued to reflect within the paradigm in crisis and resorted to Gramsci to renew educational research. The article concludes that the regime of Gramsci's pedagogical circulation between the two regions during the period was not exempt from a double condition: center-periphery dynamics and a patriarchal logic.; O artigo trata do itinerário de Antonio Gramsci no campo pedagógico italiano e latino-americano entre 1968 e 1991, ou seja, entre os movimentos de protesto de 1968 e a dissolução da URSS. A fase mais dinâmica do estudo pedagógico do sardo na península ocorreu entre 1968 e 1976, enquanto na América Latina se deu de meados da década de 1970 a 1991. A título de hipótese, sugere-se que a crise do marxismo nos anos 70 teve efeitos díspares nas duas regiões e no estudo pedagógico da Sardenha: em Itália provocou uma retração, mas na América Latina os intelectuais continuaram a refletir dentro do paradigma em crise e recorreram a Gramsci para renovar a investigação educacional. O artigo conclui que o regime de circulação pedagógica de Gramsci entre as duas regiões durante o período não estava livre de uma dupla condição: a dinâmica centro-periferia e uma lógica patriarcal.

Textos, autores, trabajo y compañías en el sistema teatral gauchesco argentino (1884-1896): Hacia una recomposición de su canon Noguera, Lía Sabrina El presente artículo propone estudiar las relaciones entre textualidades, autores y trabajo artístico en la compañía dirigida por José Podestá en Argentina durante el período 1884-1901 y denominada: Hermanos Podestá. Un momento que coincide con el surgimiento de la poética teatral gauchesca y que permite la visibilización no solo de actores y actrices sino también de autores de teatro, constituyendo así un canon incipiente. A la vez, proponemos dar a conocer el estudio de un texto teatral que pertenece a este sistema y que se encontraba perdido hasta el momento en nuestro país: Santos Vega o El desgraciado, o sea Vega el Cantor (1893) de Juan C. Nosiglia. Creemos que este hallazgo permite reconstruir, en parte, el sistema gauchesco, proponer nuevas hipótesis de análisis y establecer nuevas relaciones con los textos ya publicados y que conforman el canon de esta poética.; Este artigo propõe estudar as relações entre textos, autores e trabalho artístico na companhia liderada por José Podestá na Argentina durante o período de 1884-1901, denominada Irmãos Podestá. Este momento coincide com o surgimento da poética teatral gauchesca, permitindo a visibilidade não apenas de atores e atrizes, mas também de autores de teatro, contribuindo assim para a formação de um cânone incipiente. Ao mesmo tempo, propomos dar a conhecer o estudo de um texto teatral que faz parte deste sistema e que estava perdido até agora no nosso país: Santos Vega ou O infortunado, ou seja, Vega o Cantor (1893) de Juan C. Nosiglia. Acreditamos que esta descoberta permite reconstruir, em parte, o sistema gauchesco, propor novas hipóteses de análise e estabelecer novas relações com os textos já publicados que compõem o cânone desta poética.; This article we propose to study the relation between textualities, authors and artistic work in the company directed by José Podestá in Argentina during the period 1884- 1901 and named: Hermanos Podestá. A moment that coincides with the emergence of gaucho theater poetry and that allows the visibility not only of actors and actresses but also of theater authors, thus constituting an incipient canon. At the same time, we propose to present the study of a theatrical text that belongs to this system and that was lost until now in our country: Santos Vega o El desgraciado, o sea Vega el Cantor (1893) by Juan C. Nosiglia. We believe that this finding allows us to reconstruct, in part, the gaucho system, propose new hypotheses of analysis and establish new relationships with the texts already published and that make up the canon of this poetics.

The last of the oldies: A basal rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) of Patagonia, Argentina Lerzo, Lucas Nicolas; Gallina, Pablo Ariel; Canale, Juan Ignacio; Otero, Alejandro; Carballido, José Luis; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Makovicky, Peter Juraj Rebbachisauridae is mainly recorded during the early Late Cretaceous in Gondwana, and in South America in particular. Sidersaura marae gen. et sp. nov. was found in rocks of the Huincul Formation (upper Cenomanian – Turonian) of Neuquén Province, Argentina. Sidersaura has notable characteristics that allow recognising it as a new species and defining its phylogenetic relationships. First, it has a frontoparietal foramen, as in dicraeosauridae. It bears fourteen caudal vertebrae with neural arches displaced closer to the anterior margin of the centrum and a ventral longitudinal hollow on middle of the centra, both characters previously considered as titanosaurian synapomorphies, and here recognised in these diplodocoid sauropods. Sidersaura shows a peculiar tarsal condition with an unusual calcaneum morphology which resembles that of basal sauropods. The haemal arches have a stellate morphology with two sets of projections comparable to the specimen MMCh-PV 47 from the Candeleros Formation (Cenomanian), previously described as a titanosaurian. The phylogenetic analysis retrieves Sidersaura as a basal Rebbachisauridae more closely related to Zapalasaurus than to Limaysaurinae. The presence of a basal taxon at Cenomanian – Turonian times, so close to the extinction of the group, implies that the evolutionary history of rebbachisauridae was more complex than previously thought.