Aborto, abuso sexual y control médico. La sentencia de la Corte Suprema Argentina en F., A.L. y el backlash judicial en la provincia de Córdoba; Abortion, sexual abuse and medical control. The Argentinian Supreme Court decision on F., A.L. and the judicial backlash in Córdoba Monte, María Eugenia En la Argentina, durante los 2000 e incrementalmente desde el año 2005 hasta el 2016, organizaciones del movimiento de mujeres y feministas así como abogadas disputaron sobre la regulación jurídica del aborto en los tribunales frente a resistencias conservadoras. En uno de esos procesos judiciales decidió la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación el 13 de marzo del 2012, F., A.L. Este artículo analiza la decisión de la Corte Suprema sobre la extensión del aborto no punible, las prácticas médicas y judiciales y, específicamente, al abuso sexual y el control médico. También analiza sus efectos materiales en una disputa judicial posterior, el backlash judicial conservador en la provincia de Córdoba.; In Argentina, during the 2000s but increasingly since 2005 up to 2016, organizations of the women and feminist ́s movement and lawyers disputed over the abortion juridical regulation at Courts facing conservative resistances. The Argentinian Supreme Court took a decision over one of these judicial processes on March 13th, 2012, F., A.L.This paper analyses the Argentinian Supreme Court decision on F., A.L. regarding non-punishable abortion boundaries, medical and judicial practices and, specifically, sexual abuse and medical control. It also analyses its material effects on a subsequent struggle and judicial backlashin the province of Córdoba.

Notas sobre mamíferos sudamericanos: Nueva publicación de SAREM Martin, Gabriel Mario Comentarios sobre la nueva publicación de la Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos

La no obligatoriedad de la vacunación y su potencial impacto en la epidemiología de coqueluche; Non-mandatory immunization and its potential impact on pertussis epidemiology Bergero, Paula Elena; Fabricius, Gabriel; Hozbor, Daniela Flavia En este trabajo, se analizan cuantitativamente las consecuenciasa corto plazo que tendría sobre coqueluche la sanción delProyecto de Ley de Consentimiento Informado en Materiade Vacunación presentado en Argentina, en 2017, el cualcontempla la no obligatoriedad de la aplicación de las vacunasdel Calendario Nacional a los menores de edad. Se utilizaun modelo matemático para la transmisión de pertusis,desarrollado previamente en nuestro grupo. Se considera quela sola presentación del proyecto provoca una disminución enlas coberturas por generar desconfianza sobre los beneficiosdel programa de vacunación. Asumiendo 5 % anual dereducción de las coberturas durante 4 años a partir de 2018,en el siguiente brote, los casos graves en menores del año seincrementarían en más del 100 % respecto del último brote, yse estiman 101 fallecidos. Con una reducción del 10 % anualpor 4 años, el siguiente brote superaría al previo en más del200 %, con 163 decesos.

A retrieval-specific mechanism of adaptive forgetting in the mammalian brain Bekinschtein, Pedro Alejandro; Weisstaub, Noelia V.; Gallo, Francisco Tomás; Renner, Maria; Anderson, Michael C. Forgetting is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is actively promoted in many species. How and whether organisms’ behavioral goals drive which memories are actively forgotten is unknown. Here we show that processes essential to controlling goal-directed behavior trigger active forgetting of distracting memories that interfere with behavioral goals. When rats need to retrieve particular memories to guide exploration, it reduces later retention of other memories encoded in that environment. As with humans, this retrieval-induced forgetting is competition-dependent, cue-independent and reliant on prefrontal control: Silencing the medial prefrontal cortex with muscimol abolishes the effect. cFos imaging reveals that prefrontal control demands decline over repeated retrievals as competing memories are forgotten successfully, revealing a key adaptive benefit of forgetting. Occurring in 88% of the rats studied, this finding establishes a robust model of how adaptive forgetting harmonizes memory with behavioral demands, permitting isolation of its circuit, cellular and molecular mechanisms.

MASked-unconTrolled hypERtension management based on office BP or on ambulatory blood pressure measurement (MASTER) Study: A randomised controlled trial protocol Parati, Gianfranco; Agabiti-Rosei, Enrico; Bakris, George L.; Bilo, Grzegorz; Branzi, Giovanna; Cecchi, Franco; Chrostowska, Marzena; De la Sierra, Alejandro; Domenech, Monica; Dorobantu, Maria; Faria, Thays; Huo, Yong; Jelakovic, Bojan; Kahan, Thomas; Konradi, Alexandra; Laurent, Stéphane; Li, Nanfang; Madan, Kushal; Mancia, Giuseppe; McManus, Richard J; Modesti, Pietro Amedeo; Ochoa, Juan Eugenio; Octavio, José Andrés; Omboni, Stefano; Palatini, Paolo; Park, Jeong Bae; Pellegrini, Dario; Perl, Sabine; Podoleanu, Cristian; Renna, Nicolas Federico; Rhee, Moo Yong; Rodilla Sala, Enrique; Sánchez, Ramiro; Schmieder, Roland; Soranna, Davide; Stergiou, George; Stojanovic, Milos; Tsioufis, Konstantinos; Valsecchi, Maria Grazia; Veglio, Franco; Waisman, Gabriel Dario; Wang, Ji Guang; Wijnmaalen, Paulina; Zambon, Antonella; Zanchetti, Alberto; Zhang, Yuqing Introduction Masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) carries an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications and can be identified through combined use of office (O) and ambulatory (A) blood pressure (BP) monitoring (M) in treated patients. However, it is still debated whether the information carried by ABPM should be considered for MUCH management. Aim of the MASked-unconTrolled hypERtension management based on OBP or on ambulatory blood pressure measurement (MASTER) Study is to assess the impact on outcome of MUCH management based on OBPM or ABPM. Methods and analysis MASTER is a 4-year prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint investigation. A total of 1240 treated hypertensive patients from about 40 secondary care clinical centres worldwide will be included -upon confirming presence of MUCH (repeated on treatment OBP <140/90 mm Hg, and at least one of the following: Daytime ABP ≥135/85 mm Hg; night-time ABP ≥120/70 mm Hg; 24 hour ABP ≥130/80 mm Hg), and will be randomised to a management strategy based on OBPM (group 1) or on ABPM (group 2). Patients in group 1 will have OBP measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months and taken as a guide for treatment; ABPM will be performed at randomisation and at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months but will not be used to take treatment decisions. Patients randomised to group 2 will have ABPM performed at randomisation and all scheduled visits as a guide to antihypertensive treatment. The effects of MUCH management strategy based on ABPM or on OBPM on CV and renal intermediate outcomes (changing left ventricular mass and microalbuminuria, coprimary outcomes) at 1 year and on CV events at 4 years and on changes in BP-related variables will be assessed. Ethics and dissemination MASTER study protocol has received approval by the ethical review board of Istituto Auxologico Italiano. The procedures set out in this protocol are in accordance with principles of Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Results will be published in accordance with the CONSORT statement in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Nicotine Modulates Mitochondrial Dynamics in Hippocampal Neurons Godoy, Juan A.; Valdivieso, Ángel Gabriel; Inestrosa, Nibaldo C. Mitochondria are widely recognized as fundamental organelles for cellular physiology and constitute the main energy source for different cellular processes. The location, morphology, and interactions of mitochondria with other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), have emerged as critical events capable of determining cellular fate. Mitochondria-related functions have proven particularly relevant in neurons; mitochondria are necessary for proper neuronal morphogenesis and the highly energy-demanding synaptic transmission process. Mitochondrial health depends on balanced fusion-fission events, termed mitochondrial dynamics, to repair damaged organelles and/or improve the quality of mitochondrial function, ATP production, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis, which represent some mitochondrial functions closely related to mitochondrial dynamics. Several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, have been correlated with severe mitochondrial dysfunction. In this regard, nicotine, which has been associated with relevant neuroprotective effects mainly through activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), exerts its effects at least in part by acting directly on mitochondrial physiology and morphology. Additionally, a recent description of mitochondrial nAChR localization suggests a nicotine-dependent mitochondrial function. In the present work, we evaluated in cultured hipocampal neurons the effects of nicotine on mitochondrial dynamics by assessing mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential, as well as interactions between mitochondria, cytoskeleton and IP3R, levels of the cofactor PGC-1α, and fission-fusion-related proteins. Our results suggest that nicotine modulates mitochondrial dynamics and influences mitochondrial association from microtubules, increasing IP3 receptor clustering showing modulation between mitochondria-ER communications, together with the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Sperimentalismo e cultura popolare italiana in Umberto Eco; Experimental Literature and Italian Popular Culture in the Works of Umberto Eco Gherlone, Laura Può un libro incarnarsi? Divenire «memoria vegetale»? Essere frammento vivente dell´intelletto collettivo culturale? «Tutti si voltarono a guardare Franti. E quell´infame sorrise»: così si inaugura (insieme a una citazione di Joyce sul music-hall) la prima raccolta di pastiches e parodie di Eco, Diario minimo, ricordando il furfantello Franti del romanzo Cuore di Edmondo De Amicis: un libro che formò almeno mezzo secolo di italiani e che Eco riprende nel suo terzultimo romanzo, La misteriosa fiamma della regina Loana (in parte autobiografico), per sottolineare come ―«tra gli eroismi del piccolo patriota padovano e gli atti generosi di Garrone» (Eco 2004a:205)― un mero oggetto cartaceo fosse riuscito a educare al sacrificio, al patriottismo e alla guerra intere generazioni. Tanto nelle sue opere narrative quanto in quelle di riflessione teorica, Eco mette a nudo e decostruisce i congegni della «macchina narrativa», e lo fa ―com´è notorio― con uno sguardo omnicomprensivo, semiotico: i romanzi, i fumetti, i programmi televisivi, le canzoni diventano il campo di sperimentazione linguistico-testuale per addentrarsi nella cultura contemporanea e gettar luce su di essa. Di questo sguardo omnicomprensivo si è scelto qui di dedicare particolare attenzione all´interesse di Eco per la musica: un interesse che ―da Thema (Omaggio a Joyce) a Pippo non lo sa― è stato oggetto di analisi nella parabola letteraria dello scrittore italiano e un «pretesto» per sviluppare i temi a lui cari: la memoria, l´ironia e il riso, l´estetica del quotidiano nella cultura pop.; Can a book become incarnate? Become “vegetal memory”? A living fragment of the collective cultural intellect? “Everyone turned around to look at Franti, and that infamous boy was smiling”. This is how (together with Joyce’s quotation on music-hall) Eco’s first collection of pastiches and parodies, Diario Minimo (Misreadings), is introduced, recalling the little scoundrel Franti in Edmondo De Amicis’s novel, Cuore (The Heart of a Boy): a book that formed at least half a century of Italians and that Eco calls to mind in one of his last (partly autobiographical) novels, The Mysterious Flame Of Queen Loana, to underline how a mere paper object had managed to educate whole generations on sacrifice, patriotism and war. Both in his narrative works and those of theoretical reflection, Eco exposes and deconstructs the devices of the “narrative machine”, and does so ―as it is very well known―with an all-embracing, semiotic look. Novels, comics, television programs, and songs become his fields for linguistic-textual experimentation to penetrate and throw light on contemporary culture. With regard to this comprehensive look, this work pays particular attention to Eco’s interest in music, an interest that―from Thema (Omaggio a Joyce) to Pippo non lo sa―has been an object of analysis in the literary parable of the Italian writer and a “pretext” for developing those themes so dear to him: memory, irony and laughter, the aesthetics of everyday life in pop culture.

Development of an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of triglycerides in serum samples based on a lipase/magnetite-chitosan/copper oxide nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/pectin composite Di Tocco, Aylen; Robledo, Sebastian Noel; Osuna, Yolanda; Sandoval-Cortez, J.; Granero, Adrian Marcelo; Vettorazzi, Nelio Roberto; Martínez, J. L.; Segura, E. P.; Iliná, A.; Zon, María Alicia; Arevalo, Fernando Javier; Fernández, Héctor A very sensitive electrochemical biosensor to determine totals triglycerides (TGs) in serum samples has been developed. It is based on the electrochemical oxidation of glycerol at glassy carbon electrodes modified with magnetic nanoparticles bonded to lipase enzyme and copper oxide nanoparticles, both supported on a multiwalled carbon nanotubes/pectin dispersion. Glycerol is produced by enzymatic reaction between the TGs present in samples and the lipase immobilized. The quantification of triglycerides was performed by amperometric measurements. The proposed electrochemical biosensor improves the performance of others methods developed for the TGs quantification. The determination of TGs does not need a pretreatment of serum samples. The PLS-1 algorithm was used for the quantification of TGs. According to this algorithm, the of detection and quantification limits were from 3.2 × 10−3 g L−1 to 3.6 × 10−3 g L−1, and from 9.6 × 10−3 to 1.1 × 10−2 g L−1, respectively. The sensitivity was 1.64 × 10−6 A L g−1. The proposed electrochemical biosensor exhibited a very good performance, a stability of 20 days, very good reproducibility and repeatability, and it is presented as a very good alternative for the determination of TGs in human serum clinical samples.

Evaluación del impacto de las actividades rurales en la calidad del agua de la microcuenca del arroyo Burgos (San Pedro, Provincia de Buenos Aires); Water quality assessment of the Burgos stream micro-basin (San Pedro, Buenos Aires Province) impacted by rural activities Magdaleno, Anahí; Paz, Marta; Mantovano, Julian Gonzalo; de Cabo, Laura Isabel; Bollani, Sabrina Natalia; Chagas, Celio Ignacio; Nuñez, Lidia; Tornello, Carina Sandra; Moretton, Juan Agustin En la región Pampeana (Argentina) se han producido profundos cambios en los agroecosistemas como resultado de los diversos contaminantes generados por las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas. El objetivo del pre-sente trabajo fue evaluar la calidad de las aguas de la microcuenca del arroyo Burgos (San Pedro, Provincia de Buenos Aires) a través de la aplicación de índices de calidad de aguas (ICAs), indicadores de contaminación fecal y bioensayos con algas. Se llevaron a cabo tres muestreos en el año 2015 y se seleccionaron seis sitios de muestreo, cuatro a lo largo de un arroyo tributario de orden 1, y dos en el arroyo Burgos. Se utilizaron dos índices de calidad ambiental: el ICA1, cuyas variables fueron temperatura, OD y NH4+, y el ICA2, cuyas variables fueron pH, OD, temperatura, nitratos, PRS y coliformes fecales. Según el ICA1, la calidad del agua osciló entre polución leve a muy elevada, y según el ICA2, fue de regular a pésima. La concentración de microorganismos indicadores de contami-nación fecal fue similar en todas las muestras, mientras que se observaros diferencias significativas en las concen-traciones de Salmonella spp. Según el análisis de correlación, las precipitaciones participarían en el transporte de microorganimos coliformes a las aguas superficiales a través de procesos de escorrentía superficial. Por otra parte, la inhibición del crecimiento algal no estaría relacionada con el glifosato, cuyas concentraciones fueron de entre 0,35 y 13,57 μg/L. Los resultados sugieren que la aplicación de diferentes indicadores podría ser una herramienta útil para evaluar la calidad ambiental de aguas superficiales de la llanura pampeana, en particular los índices que incluyan la concentración de microorganimos coliformes en su ecuación.; The Pampas region (Argentina) have suffered profound changes in the agroecosystems as a result of many pollutants generated by agricultural and livestock activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of a microbasin belonging to the Burgos stream (San Pedro, Province of Buenos Aires) through the application of water quality indexes (ICAs), faecal contamination indica-tors and algae bioassays. Three samplings were carried out in 2015 and six sampling sites were selected, four along the tributary stream of order 1, and two in the stream. Two ICAs were used: ICA1, whose variables were temperature, OD and NH4+, and ICA2, whose variables were pH, OD, temperature, nitrates, PRS and faecal coliforms. According to the ICA1, water quality ranged from slight to very high pollution, and according to the ICA2, from regular to dreadful quality. The concentration of faecal indicators microorganisms was similar in all the samples, while significant differences were observed in the concentrations of Salmonella spp. According to the correlation analysis, precipitation would participate in the transport of coliform microorganisms to surface waters through surface runoff processes. On the other hand, the inhibition of algal growth would not be related to glyphosate, whose concentrations were between 0.35 and 13.57 μg/L. The results suggest that the application of different indicators could be a very useful tool to evaluate the environmental quality of surface waters from the Pampas plain, in particular the use of indexes including coliform microorganisms in the calculation equation.

Scenes of the school life in the middle of the XIX century; Escenas de la vida escolar entrerriana a mediados del siglo XIX Bustamante Vismara, José Manuel Laureano; Villagra, Maria Iris The development of public schools in the mid-nineteenth century in the Rio de la Plata found a significant expansion in Entre Ríos. A few years before the confrontation with Buenos Aires in the Battle of Caseros, the government of Justo José de Urquiza launched a dense educational group. The high point of this educational policy would be the Colegio de Concepción del Uruguay; but this institution was preceded and accompanied by a large number of elementary education establishments.This work explains that institutional development. What characteristics did elementary schools have? How were they administered? But, also, with the purpose of recreating daily aspects of this process, as well as offering features on educational activities and the guidelines with which local communities were linked to these establishments, school contests will be attended.; El desarrollo de las escuelas públicas a mediados del siglo XIX en el Río de la Plata encontró en Entre Ríos una expansión signi cativa. Unos años antes de la confrontación con Buenos Aires en la batalla de Caseros, el gobierno de Justo José de Urquiza puso en marcha un denso conjunto educativo. El hito más visible de esa política educativa sería el Colegio de Concepción del Uruguay; pero esta institución fue precedida y acompañada por un nutrido número de establecimientos de educación elemental. Este trabajo da cuenta de ese desarrollo institucional. ¿Qué características tenían las escuelas elementales? ¿Cómo fueron administradas? Pero, además, con el propósito de recrear aspectos cotidianos de este proceso, así como ofrecer rasgos sobre las actividades educativas y las pautas con que las comunidades locales se vincularon a dichos establecimientos, se ha atendido a los certámenes escolares.

Total evidence analysis and body size evolution of extant and extinct tortoises (Testudines: Cryptodira: Pan-Testudinidae) Vlachos, Evangelos; Rabi, Márton Testudinidae (tortoises) is an extant clade of terrestrial turtles of worldwide distribution and with a rich fossil record that provides an exceptional context for studying their evolutionary history. Because of the lack of global phylogenetic analyses integrating extinct taxa, our current knowledge of the relationships of the total clade of Testudinidae is rather poor. To resolve this issue, we performed the first total evidence analysis of Pan-Testudinidae. The total evidence trees are congruent with the molecular topology and agree on the dichotomy of derived Testudinidae (=Testudininae; Converted Clade Name) into two previously recognized major clades, Testudona and Geochelona (New Clade Name). The integration of extinct taxa into the analysis allowed the stratigraphic fit of the total evidence trees, indicating that crown Testudininae, Testudona and Geochelona all originated by the Late Eocene, in agreement with recent molecular estimates. Ghost lineage analysis indicates high diversification in the Late Eocene and in the Miocene. The age of crown Testudo is Late Miocene, again in accordance with some molecular dates. Phylogenetic placement of fossils demonstrates that giant body size independently evolved in multiple continental mainland taxa and confirms recent results deduced from living taxa—giantism in Testudinidae is not linked to the insular effect. An unexpected outcome is the recovery of miniaturization in Testudona (<30 cm carapace length) that emerged sometime between the Oligocene and Early Miocene. No clear correlation between body size evolution and climate is apparent, but increased taxon sampling may nevertheless demonstrate the role of cooling and warming as one of many influential variables.

Significant hardness enhancement in an Al–Cu–Mg alloy with high Cu:Mg ratio by microalloying with Si and Ge Castro Riglos, Maria Victoria; Morello, Nicolas; Tolley, Alfredo Juan The evolution of hardness in an Al-Cu-Mg based alloy with high Cu:Mg ratio (= 2, at. %) microalloyed with Si and Ge was studied during artificial ageing treatment performed at 190 °C. The results were compared to those obtained in a similar alloy with no Mg content. The hardness evolution in the Mg containing alloy was similar to that of the Mg free alloy, but shifted by about 50 Hv to higher values for all ageing times. The peak hardness occurred after 3 h ageing in both alloys, with a value slightly above 200 Hv in the Mg containing alloy. The microstructure of the peak aged and the overaged condition were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the Mg-containing alloy the microstructure of the peak aged condition consisted of plate-shaped precipitates, with a very similar structure to that of the θ′ phase and a high density of small needle-shaped precipitates lying along the < 100 > Al directions. In the peak aged and overaged conditions the needle-shaped precipitates were found to belong to the Q′ phase (Al4Cu2Mg8Si7) or its precursor phases, previously observed in the Al–Mg–Si system with minor Cu additions.

Diverse patterns of molecular changes in the mechano-responsiveness of focal adhesions Malik Sheriff, Rahuman S.; Imtiaz, Sarah; Grecco, Hernan Edgardo; Zamir, Eli Focal adhesions anchor contractile actin fibers with the extracellular matrix, sense the generated tension and respond to it by changing their morphology and composition. Here we ask how this mechanosensing is enabled at the protein-network level, given the modular assembly and multitasking of focal adhesions. To address this, we applied a sensitive 4-color live cell imaging approach, enabling monitoring patterns of molecular changes in single focal adhesions. Co-imaging zyxin, FAK, vinculin and paxillin revealed heterogeneities in their responses to Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-mediated perturbations of actomyosin contractility. These responses were rather weakly correlated between the proteins, reflecting diverse compositional changes in different focal adhesions. This diversity is partially attributable to the location of focal adhesions, their area, molecular content and previous contractility perturbations, suggesting that integration of multiple local cues shapes differentially focal adhesion mechano-responsiveness. Importantly, the compositional changes upon ROCK perturbations exhibited distinct paths in different focal adhesions. Moreover, the protein exhibiting the strongest response to ROCK perturbations varied among different focal adhesions. The diversity in response patterns is plausibly enabled by the modular mode of focal adhesions assembly and can provide them the needed flexibility to perform multiple tasks by combining optimally a common set of multifunctional components.

Estudio multidisciplinario e interinstitucional de dos fuentes principales de agua potable para la Provincia de Córdoba Bazán, Raquel del Valle; García, Marcelo; Díaz Lozada, José Manuel; Chalimond, María Laura; Herrero, Horacio Sebastian Julian; Bonansea, Matias; Bonfanti, Enzo; Busso, Fanny; Cosavella, Ana Las fuentes de aguas superficiales son eje de desarrollo de los seres humanos, ya que permiten el abastecimiento para diferentes actividades socioeconómicas. No obstante, de forma paradójica, muchas de estas actividades causan alteración y deterioro de las mismas. Con el fin de contribuir al fortalecimiento de la articulación entre el estado, la sociedad y la Universidad desde hace aproximadamente dos décadas un equipo conformado por docentes investigadores, ayudantes de investigación, profesionales y personal técnico realizan un estudio multidisciplinar e interinstitucional en cuerpos de agua superficiales de la provincia de Córdoba. Los mayores esfuerzos están enfocados hacia dos fuentes principales de agua potable de la provincia: El río Tercero (Ctalamochita) -como parte de la cuenca del río Carcarañá- y el embalse Los Molinos. Dado que el agua propicia el bienestar de la población y el crecimiento inclusivo, y tiene un impacto positivo en la vida de las personas, al incidir en aspectos que afectan la seguridad alimentaria y energética, la salud humana y el ambiente; en el presente trabajo se brindan las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones (para diferentes usos) en ambos cuerpos de agua abordando la problemática de calidad y cantidad de agua. Tales recomendaciones aspiran a contribuir al desarrollo de un sistema de gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos con un enfoque participativo para asegurar la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas involucrados.

A key function for microtubule-associated-protein 6 in activity-dependent stabilisation of actin filaments in dendritic spines Peris, Leticia; Bisbal, Mariano; Martinez Hernandez, José; Saoudi, Yasmina; Jonckheere, Julie; Rolland, Marta; Sebastien, Muriel; Brocard, Jacques; Denarier, Eric; Bosc, Christopher; Guerin, Christophe; Gory Fauré, Sylvie; Deloulme, Jean Christophe; Lanté, Fabien; Arnal, Isabelle; Buisson, Alain; Goldberg, Yves; Blanchoin, Laurent; Delphin, Christian; Andrieux, Annie Emerging evidence indicates that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are implicated in synaptic function; in particular, mice deficient for MAP6 exhibit striking deficits in plasticity and cognition. How MAP6 connects to plasticity mechanisms is unclear. Here, we address the possible role of this protein in dendritic spines. We find that in MAP6-deficient cortical and hippocampal neurons, maintenance of mature spines is impaired, and can be restored by expressing a stretch of the MAP6 sequence called Mc modules. Mc modules directly bind actin filaments and mediate activity-dependent stabilisation of F-actin in dendritic spines, a key event of synaptic plasticity. In vitro, Mc modules enhance actin filament nucleation and promote the formation of stable, highly ordered filament bundles. Activity-induced phosphorylation of MAP6 likely controls its transfer to the spine cytoskeleton. These results provide a molecular explanation for the role of MAP6 in cognition, enlightening the connection between cytoskeletal dysfunction, synaptic impairment and neuropsychiatric illnesses.

Pasado y presente de la noción de resistencia estudiantil: aportes a la investigación y a la enseñanza de sociología de la educación Langer, Eduardo Daniel En este artículo nos proponemos describir las particularidades de la noción de resistencia estudiantil en el pasado y en el presente así como las formas en que esas características contribuyeron, y lo siguen haciendo, para pensar los aportes al campo de producción en investigación así como en la enseñanza de la sociología de la educación.La hipótesis a desarrollar es que junto con las transformaciones en las formaciones históricas y en los dispositivos pedagógicos a través de las reformas educativas, también hay modificaciones en aquello que consideramos resistencia según el contexto, el lugar, los sujetos y las dinámicas que allí se desarrollan. En la actualidad, la resistencia estudiantil ya no conlleva como hace algunas décadas fracaso escolar y social sino las potencialidades, las posibilidades, las formas de insistencia por continuar y sostener la escolaridad. Ello se realiza explorando la noción de resistencia tal como se produjo en el campo investigativo de la sociología de la educación en el pasado y en el presente, recuperando algunas de las transformaciones hacia la actualidad. A la vez, se desarrolla la relación entre la sociología de la educación y los estudios de gubernamentalidad para el estudio de las prácticas de resistencia.; In this article we propose to describe the particularities of the notion of student resistance in the past and in the present as well as the ways in which they contribute to reflect on the field of research and the teaching of the sociology of education. The hypothesis is that along with the transformations of the historical formations and the pedagogical devices produced by educational reforms, the conception of resistance also changes according to the context, the place, the subjects and its social dynamics. Currently, the student resistance no longer represents, as it did a few decades ago, "the reproduction of the cycle of school and social failure" (Rockwell (2006: 6), but it now represents the potentialities, possibilities, and several ways of insistence coming from the people to continue and keep the schooling (Langer, 2017) This phenomenon can be known by exploring the notion of resistance, and through the recovering of some of its transformations coming from the past to the present. This is a task that the research field of the sociology of education already did it and continue to do so. Therefore, in this article, we also discuss the relationship between the sociology of education and the governmentality studies in their usefulness for the study of the practices of student resistance.

Myelodysplastic syndromes in Latin America: State of the art Crisp, Renée; Grillé, Sofía; Belli, Carolina Bárbara; Diaz, Lilian; Undurraga, Soledad; Navarro, Juan; Vidal, Gabriela; Gusmao, Breno; Reyes, Jheremy; Huaman Garaicoa, Fuad; Magalhaes, Silvia; Barroso, Fernando; Ovilla, Roberto; Flores, Gabriela; Choque, Juan; Distéfano, Marcos; Salinas Viedma, Victor; Iastrebner, Marcelo Latin America is a group of countries that covers an area of approximately 19 197 000 km2. In 2016, itspopulation was estimated at more than 639 million. The prevalent languages are Spanish andPortuguese.Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms characterized byabnormal differentiation and maturation of myeloid cells, bone marrow failure, and genetic instability withenhanced risk of transforming to acute myeloid leukemia.The incidence rates for MDS in Europe and the United States range from 3 to 5 per 100 000 personyearsand increase markedly with age to 20 per 100 000 person-years for those older than age 70 years.Despite the absence of epidemiologic data, Latin America also has an aging population, as with otherdeveloped countries, and an increasing rate of secondary MDS from previous toxic exposure not only asa consequence of treating other malignancies but also as a result of environmental or occupationalfactors. Diagnosis and treatment remain difficult because of the high number of economic andtechnological disparities within and among Latin American countries.

Recurrent intrusive episodes in the Paleozoic metasedimentary upper crust during the Early Carboniferous time: The Veladero granitoid stock and the peraluminous andesite Dahlquist, Juan Andrés; Alasino, Pablo Horacio; Basei, Miguel A.S.; Morales Camera, Matías Martín; Macchioli Grande, Marcos Simón; da Costa Campos Neto, Mario; García Larrecharte, Matías The Veladero hill is a well-exposed upper crustal block located between the basement of Sierra de Umango (Western Sierras Pampeanas), and the Devonian - Carboniferous sedimentary sequence of Precordillera, at western Argentina. The hill is formed by schists, metaluminous granitoids and a subalkaline peraluminous andesite studied in this work. The country rocks are schists with mineralogy typically developed during a thermal event (e.g., cordierite, andalusite, biotite). The magmatic assemblage of the peraluminous andesite consists of K-feldspar + plagioclase + quartz + biotite + cordierite, with zircon, monazite, and oxides as accessory minerals. One representative sample from this rock was analyzed and has contents of SiO2 = 61%, Fe2O3 t + MgO = 9.03, Na2O + K2O = 6.6%, and aluminium saturation index = 1.5, consistent with the mineralogy. A U-Pb zircon Concordia age of 347 ± 4 Ma was acquired by LA-MC-ICP-MS from zircon hosted in the peraluminous andesite, which together with an age of 342 ± 2 Ma recently published for the metaluminous Veladero granitoid stock, indicate that these two ages overlap within error. Combined mineral assemblage and Al-in-hornblende geobarometric data from the Veladero granitoid stock reveal that the granitic magma passed through ∼10 km of continental crust before reaching its final emplacement level. Field evidence indicates that the Veladero granitoid stock was emplaced under dominantly brittle deformation mechanisms and that the peraluminous andesite magma was generated and subsequently intruded into a previously emplaced magma mush close to solidification, making space by the displacement of large blocks of the host granite. Documented mingling relationships between granite and peraluminous andesite also support emplacement while the granite remained partially crystallized so that the time interval between the two was relatively short, probably on the scale of hundreds of thousands of years. We propose that the peraluminous magma was generated during the ascent of the metaluminous Veladero granitoid stock magma and that the most of the zircon crystallized in high middle crust from the Veladero granitoid stock. These zircons were subsequently recycled and incorporated in the peraluminous andesite. Zircons in the Veladero granitoid stock and the peraluminous andesite have indistinguishable morphology and support this interpretation. In situ Hf isotope data were obtained from igneous zircons in the peraluminous andesite and reveal a dominantly continental source (average εHf,t = −8.0, excluding one just positive value). εHf,t and TDM values from zircon in the Veladero granitoid stock and hosted in the peraluminous andesite are indistinguishable, which is consistent with their original crystallization in the Veladero granitoid stock. TDM values mainly range from 1.5 to 1.9 Ga (average = 1.7 Ga) and reveal a continental Gondwana signature. Consistently, detrital zircon ages from schists in which the igneous rocks were emplaced indicate Ordovician depositional ages and original Gondwanan provenance. However, based on previous studies a Devonian depositional age cannot be ruled out.

Psychosine remodels model lipid membranes at neutral pH Zulueta Díaz, Yenisleidy de Las Mercedes; Caby, Sofia; Bongarzone, Ernesto R; Fanani, Maria Laura β-Galactosylsphingosine or psychosine (PSY) is a single chain sphingolipid with a cationic group, which is degraded in the lysosome lumen by β-galactosylceramidase during sphingolipid biosynthesis. A deficiency of this enzyme activity results in Krabbe's disease and PSY accumulation. This favors its escape to extralysosomal spaces, with its pH changing from acidic to neutral. We studied the interaction of PSY with model lipid membranes in neutral conditions, using phospholipid vesicles and monolayers as classical model systems, as well as a complex lipid mixture that mimics the lipid composition of myelin. At pH 7.4, when PSY is mainly neutral, it showed high surface activity, self-organizing into large structures, probably lamellar in nature, with a CMC of 38 ± 3 μM. When integrated into phospholipid membranes, PSY showed preferential partition into disordered phases, shifting phase equilibrium. The presence of PSY reduces the compactness of the membrane, making it more easily compressible. It also induces lipid domain disruption in vesicles composed of the main myelin lipids. The surface electrostatics of lipid membranes was altered by PSY in a complex manner. A shift to positive zeta potential values evidenced its presence in the vesicles. Furthermore, the increase of surface potential and surface water structuring observed may be a consequence of its location at the interface of the positively charged layer. As Krabbe's disease is a demyelinating process, PSY alteration of the membrane phase state, lateral lipid distribution and surface electrostatics appears important to the understanding of myelin destabilization at the supramolecular level.

Role of human Hv1 channels in sperm capacitation and white blood cell respiratory burst established by a designed peptide inhibitor Zhao, Ruiming; Kennedy, Kelleigh; de Blas, Gerardo Andrés; Orta, Gerardo; Pavarotti, Martin Alejandro; Arias, Rodolfo José; de la Vega Beltrán, José Luis; Li, Qufei; Dai, Hui; Perozo, Eduardo; Mayorga, Luis Segundo; Darszon, Alberto; Goldstein, Steve A. N. Using a de novo peptide inhibitor, Corza6 (C6), we demonstrate that the human voltage-gated proton channel (hHv1) is the main pathway for H+ efflux that allows capacitation in sperm and permits sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in white blood cells (WBCs). C6 was identified by a phage-display strategy whereby ∼1 million novel peptides were fabricated on an inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK) scaffold and sorting on purified hHv1 protein. Two C6 peptides bind to each dimeric channel, one on the S3–S4 loop of each voltage sensor domain (VSD). Binding is cooperative with an equilibrium affinity (Kd) of ∼1 nM at −50 mV. As expected for a VSD-directed toxin, C6 inhibits by shifting hHv1 activation to more positive voltages, slowing opening and speeding closure, effects that diminish with membrane depolarization.