Interplay between climate change and climate variability: the 2022 drought in Central South America Patiño Arias, Lina Paola; Rivera, Juan Antonio; Sörensson, Anna; Zachariah, Mariam; Barnes, Clair; Philip, Sjoukje; Kew, Sarah; Vautard, Robert; Koren, Gerbrand; Pinto, Izidine; Vahlberg, Maja; Singh, Roop; Raju, Emmanuel; Li, Sihan; Yang, Wenchang; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Otto, Friederike E. L. Since 2019, Central South America (CSA) has been reeling under drought conditions, with the last 4 months of 2022 receiving only 44% of the average total precipitation. Simultaneously to the drought, a series of record-breaking heat waves has affected the region. The rainfall deficit during October–November-December (OND) is highly correlated with the Niño3.4 index, indicating that the OND 2022 rainfall deficit is partly driven by La Niña, as observed in previous droughts in this region. To identify whether human-induced climate change was also a driver of the OND 2022 rainfall deficit, we analysed precipitation over the most impacted region. Our findings revealed a pattern of decreased rainfall over the past 40 years, although we cannot definitively conclude whether this trend exceeds what would be expected from natural variations. To clarify if this trend can be attributed to climate change, we looked at 1-in-20-year low rainfall events over the same region in climate models. The models show that the severity of low rainfall events decreases (i.e. they become wetter, the opposite of the trend observed in most weather records), although this trend is again not significant and is compatible with natural variability. Therefore, we cannot attribute the low rainfall to climate change. Moreover, our analysis of effective precipitation potential (evapotranspiration minus rainfall) shows that, in climate models, the increase in temperature does partly compensate for the increase in rainfall but only to offset the wetting, and does not lead to a significant climate change signal in effective precipitation. However, higher temperatures in the region, which have been attributed to climate change, decreased water availability in the models in late 2022, indicating that climate change probably reduced water availability over this period also in the observations, increasing agricultural drought, although this study did not quantify this effect. This means that even though the reduced rainfall is within the natural variability, the consequences of drought are becoming more severe due to the strong increase in extreme heat. The case of the OND 2022 rainfall deficit and the ongoing drought in CSA is a clear example of the interplay between climate variability and human-induced climate change. This shows the importance of considering not only those aspects associated with climate change but also climate variability in order to understand and attribute particular events or trends at the regional level.

Occurrence of pesticide residues in indoor dust of farmworker households across Europe and Argentina Navarro, Irene; de la Torre, Adrián; Sanz, Paloma; Balbi, Isabel; Harkes, Paula; Lwanga, EsperanzaHuerta; Norgaard, Trine; Glavan, Matjaz; Paskovic, Igor; Polić Pasković, Marija; Abrantes, Nelson; Campos, Isabel; Alcon, Francisco; Contreras, Josefina; Alaoui, Abdallah; Hofman, Jakub; Vested, Anne; Bureau, Matilde; Aparicio, Virginia Carolina; Mandrioli, Daniele; Sgargi, Daria; Mol, Hans; Geissen, Violette; Silva, Vera; Martínez, María Ángeles Pesticides are widely used as plant protection products (PPPs) in farming systems to preserve crops against pests, weeds, and fungal diseases. Indoor dust can act as a chemical repository revealing occurrence of pesticides in the indoor environment at the time of sampling and the (recent) past. This in turn provides information on the exposure of humans to pesticides in their homes. In the present study, part of the Horizon 2020 funded SPRINT project, the presence of 198 pesticide residues was assessed in 128 indoor dust samples from both conventional and organic farmworker households across Europe, and in Argentina. Mixtures of pesticide residues were found in all dust samples (25–121, min-max; 75, median). Concentrations varied in a wide range (<0.01 ng/g-206 μg/g), with glyphosate and its degradation product AMPA, permethrin, cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide found in highest levels. Regarding the type of pesticides, insecticides showed significantly higher levels than herbicides and fungicides. Indoor dust samples related to organic farms showed a significantly lower number of residues, total and individual concentrations than those related to conventional farms. Some pesticides found in indoor dust were no longer approved ones (29 %), with acute/chronic hazards to human health (32 %) and with environmental toxicity (21 %).

The origin and dispersion of the bow in the Andes (16–37°S) based on a controlled database of projectile point metrics Castro, Silvina Celeste; Marsh, Erik Johnson; Yebra, Lucía Gabriela; Cortegoso, Valeria We present a discriminant metric study of stone projectile points (n = 422) from 21 archaeological sites in the Andes of South America (16–37°S). We use comparative datasets critically, since darts may have been smaller than previously thought. We assess the use-life of each point and tie them to reliable chronological sequences, in order to increase the reliability of our data. Our results show that in the Lake Titicaca Basin and northwestern Argentina, bows had replaced spearthrowers by 1780–950 cal BP, prior to the development of complex societies such as Wari and Tiwanaku. South of 29°S, the results suggest that bow technology was transmitted from north to south, since the earliest arrow-sized points at 29°S date to 3000 cal BP and at 37°S, 1800–1000 cal BP. North of 34°S, the continental limit of domesticated plants and animals, there is a gradual abandonment of the spearthrower. South of 34°S in northern Patagonia, both weapon systems coexisted. We suggest that bow and arrow technology was not an independent invention in the southern Andes, but instead, it appeared in new groups via macroregional technological borrowing among Andean herders.

Control mecánico en arbustos exóticos del género Pyracantha bajo tres frecuencias de corte Renison, Daniel; Barberá, Iván; Argibay, Daihana Soledad; Biraben, Matías; Cingolani, Ana María El control mecánico se utiliza ampliamente para reducir la invasión de arbustos exóticos; no obstante, en especies que rebrotan, el esfuerzo debe mantenerse hasta que el rebrote sea prácticamente nulo. Un régimen de cortes frecuentes implica un esfuerzo concentrado en menos tiempo, pero debería debilitar a la planta más rápidamente y podría redundar en un menor esfuerzo a largo plazo. En este contexto, nos propusimos determinar la frecuencia de cortes óptima. En las sierras de Córdoba, Argentina, seleccionamos 192 arbustos de Pyracantha angustifolia y P. aff. atalantioides, medimos sus tamaños, los cortamos en la base, aplicamos tres frecuencias de corte del rebrote (anual, bienal y al año 4) y registramos todos los tiempos de corte. Al año 5, la supervivencia fue 36, 83 y 91% para los arbustos cortados anual, bienal y al año 4, respectivamente. La altura promedio precorte fue 323±13 cm, y al año, el rebrote medía casi la mitad en todos los tratamientos. En el tratamiento de cortes anuales, el rebrote fue cada vez menor. En el tratamiento de corte bienal —en los años 2 y 4—, el rebrote alcanzó 84 y 88% de la altura original, respectivamente. En el tratamiento de corte al año 4, el rebrote llegó a una altura de 351±13 cm, superando en 20 cm su altura precorte. El número de frutos para el tratamiento de corte anual y bienal fue 0 y 33 frutos.arbusto-1.año-1, respectivamente, y en el tratamiento de corte al año 4, subió de 0 a 565±85 frutos.arbusto-1.año-1 desde el año 1 al 4. El único tratamiento con una reducción sostenida del tiempo de corte fue el anual. Concluimos que el control mecánico de Pyracantha debe contemplar una estrategia de cortes frecuentes.

Improvement of key molecular events linked to Alzheimer’s disease pathology using postbiotics Bulacios, Gabriela Agustina; Cataldo, Pablo Gabriel; Naja, Johana Romina; Posse de Chaves, Elena Ines; Taranto, Maria Pia; Minahk, Carlos Javier; Hebert, Elvira Maria; Saavedra, Maria Lucila In the past 50 years, life expectancy has increased by more than 20 years. One consequence of this increase in longevity is the rise of age-related diseases such as dementia. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60–70% of cases. AD pathogenesis is not restricted to the neuronal compartment but includes strong interactions with other brain cells, particularly microglia triggering the release of inflammatory mediators, which contribute to disease progression and severity. There is growing evidence revealing the diverse clinical benefits of postbiotics in many prevalent conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we tested the ability of bacterial conditioned media (BCM) derived from selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to regulate core mechanisms relevant to AD pathophysiology in the microglia cell line BV-2. Levilactobacillus brevis CRL 2013, chosen for its efficient production of the neurotransmitter GABA, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, were selected alongside Enterococcus mundtii CRL 35, a LAB strain that can significantly modulate cytokine production. BCM from all 3 strains displayed antioxidant capabilities, reducing oxidative stress triggered by beta-amyloid oligomers (oAβ1–42). Additionally, BCM effectively mitigated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, namely, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 triggered by oAβ1–42. Furthermore, our study identified that BCM from CRL 581 inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a crucial enzyme in AD progression, in both human erythrocytes and mouse brain tissues. Notably, the inhibitory effect was mediated by low-molecular-weight components of the BCM. L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 emerged as a favorable candidate for production of postbiotics with potential benefits for AD therapy since it demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, reduction of cytokine expression, and partial AChE inhibition. On the other hand, E. mundtii CRL 35 showed that the antioxidant activity failed to inhibit AChE and caused induction of iNOS expression, rendering it unsuitable as a potential therapeutic for AD. This study unveils the potential benefits of LAB-derived postbiotics for the development of new avenues for therapeutic interventions for AD.

Feminismos en las aulas de la FADU: políticas de género y diseño textil en Argentina; Feminist Perspectives in FADU Classrooms: Gender Policies and the Landscape of Textile Design in Argentina Soto, Helga Mariel Desde el ámbito de los estudios de género y la historia de los textiles, se han examinado numerosos ejemplos que destacan el papel del textil como vehículo y herramienta en la lucha feminista. Este fenómeno ha cobrado particular relevancia en los últimos años, desempeñando un papel fundamental en los movimientos latinoamericanos, especialmente en Argentina, que ha liderado la región en lo que respecta a la legalización del aborto. En este contexto, la presente ponencia se centra en analizar el impacto de estos discursos en el programa de diseño textil de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Esta carrera es única en su tipo en el territorio argentino y, por ende, ha sido un semillero para la gestación de proyectos innovadores con una perspectiva socialmente avanzada. Por lo tanto, se examinarán los trabajos desarrollados en este ámbito académico a partir de 2015, fecha de la primera marcha Ni Una Menos. Se prestará atención a sus atributos materiales, funcionales y discursivos con el propósito de identificar y registrar estrategias de enfoque feminista en su concepción y desarrollo. El objetivo último, es descubrir cómo las futuras diseñadoras han respondido al panorama político feminista y cómo han integrado estas perspectivas en sus proyectos.; In the realms of gender studies and textile history, numerous instances have been scrutinized, underscoring the pivotal role of textiles as both a medium and instrument in the feminist movement. This phenomenon has gained pronounced significance in recent times, emerging as a cornerstone in Latin American activism, notably in Argentina, at the forefront of regional strides in abortion legalization. Against this backdrop, this paper delves into an analysis of the repercussions of these discourses on the textile design program at the University of Buenos Aires. As the sole program of its kind in Argentina, it has been a fertile ground for cultivating innovative projects imbued with a socially progressive perspective. The study scrutinizes work produced in this academic domain since 2015, the inception of the inaugural Ni Una Menos march. Emphasis will be placed on its material, functional, and discursive attributes to discern and document strategies steeped in feminist principles in both conception and execution. The overarching objective is to unveil how upcoming designers have navigated the feminist sociopolitical landscape and seamlessly integrated these perspectives into their projects.

Application of UV-B Light and Low-Toxicity Compounds to Prevent Postharvest Spoilage on Lemons Zuluaga Acosta, Jakeline; Volentini, Sabrina Inès; Debes, Mario Alberto; Hilal, Mirna Beatriz; Cerioni, Luciana; Rapisarda, Viviana Andrea Soy autor correspondiente compartido con la Dra. Rapisarda.Green and blue molds and sour rot, caused by Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, are posthar-vest diseases which represent an important economic issue in lemon production. Conventionally, their control involves the intensive use of synthetic fungicides, leading to the emergence of resistant strains and harmful residue accumulation on fruits. Present work explores the application of UV-B radiation (UVBr) and its combination with polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) or natamycin on lemons as alternative strategy to manage fungal postharvest diseases caused by fungicide-sensitive and resistant local isolates. UVBr applied invitro inhibited mycelial growth and conidia viability of all pathogens at the highest assayed dose (5.2J cm−2). Light preventive treatment applied on lemons with a non-fungicidal and non-phytotoxic UVBr dose of 0.1J cm−2 significantly reduced disease incidences by approximately 30 to 55%, along with reducing disease severities. Both PHMG and natamycin effectively reduced disease incidences caused by all tested pathogens, with a notable synergistic effect when combining UVBr with natamycin against Penicillium-sensitive isolates. None of these treatments had adverse effects on fruit quality. Importantly, preventive UVBr treatment enabled lemons to maintain H2O2 levels at the wound site in the presence of P. digitatum, which typically suppresses H2O2 production in the host tissue. In conclusion, findings suggest that UVBr and its combination with low-toxicity compounds offer a promising environment-friendly alternative for controlling postharvest lemon diseases caused by both fungicide-sensitive and resistant pathogens.

Human X-chromosome non-coding variation in Latin American populations: A review; Variación no codificante del cromosoma X humano en poblaciones latinoamericanas: una revisión Catanesi, Cecilia Ines; Hohl, Diana María; Bolzan, Alejandro Daniel The human X-chromosome non-coding markers, such as short tandem repeats (STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertion-deletions (INDELs) and Alu insertions, are useful for revealing relationships among populations and for the identification of individuals. In the last decades, a number of studies have been performed to determine the genetic structure of Latin American populations by using X-chromosome markers. These studies provided useful information regarding the genetic composition of these populations and their relationship with Native American, Asian and European populations. One of the most interesting findings achieved by X-chromosome studies is the bias in the sex ratio of individuals that gave rise to the current Latin American populations, as it was previously observed through the analysis of uniparental markers, and which is undoubtedly evidenced in the differential inheritance of X-chromosome in comparison to autosomes. Besides, the genetic drift process that affected Native American populations is more pronounced in X-chromosome markers than in autosomes. The present review summarizes our current knowledge concerning X-chromosome non-coding polymorphisms studied in Latin American populations.; Los marcadores no codificantes del cromosoma X humano, como las repeticiones cortas en tándem (STR), los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP), las inserciones-deleciones (INDEL) y las inserciones Alu, son útiles para revelar la relación existente entre poblaciones, y también para la identificación de personas. En las últimas décadas, se han realizado una serie de estudios para determinar la estructura genética de las poblaciones latinoamericanas, utilizando marcadores de cromosoma X. Estos estudios proporcionaron información útil sobre la composición genética de estas poblaciones y su relación con las poblaciones nativas americanas, asiáticas y europeas. Uno de los hallazgos más interesantes logrados en estos estudios es el sesgo en la proporción de sexos de los individuos que originaron las poblaciones latinoamericanas actuales, tal como se observó previamente a través del análisis de marcadores uniparentales, y que queda evidenciado por la herencia diferencial del cromosoma X en comparación con los autosomas. Además, el proceso de deriva genética que afectó a las poblaciones nativas americanas actuó de manera más pronunciada en los marcadores del cromosoma X que en los autosomas. La presente revisión resume nuestro conocimiento actual sobre los polimorfismos no codificantes del cromosoma X estudiados en poblaciones latinoamericanas.

Control de aparición bajo cobertizo en ovinos: Experiencia en el Campo Anexo Pilcaniyeu 2022 Furci Soulier, Marina; Garcia Falabella, Brenda Marilyn; Cañuqueo, Andrea; Cáceres, Estefania; Garramuño, Daiana; Martinez, Agustin; Villar, Laura; Bruno Galarraga, María Macarena Los cobertizos de parición de ovejas son estructuras diseñadas para brindar un entorno seguro, ya que protegen tanto a madres como a corderos de condiciones climáticas adversas, proporcionan espacios cómodos y limpios, permiten la atención de los partos y reducen la mortalidad de las crías recién nacidas. En el Campo Anexo Pilcaniyeu se llevó a cabo una experiencia sobre ovejas Merino y Merino Dohne con resultados alentadores.

Erradicación de escuelas y viviendas rancho: Producción del espacio como pedagogía colonial; Eradication of ranch schools and ranch dwellings: Production of space as colonial pedagogy; Erradicação de escolas e moradias precárias: Produção doespaço como pedagogia colonial Cejas, Noelia Verónica Este artículo examina la relación entre la erradicación de escuelas y viviendas rurales tradicionales en Argentina y su función como dispositivo pedagógico colonial en la producción del espacio. Se analizan tres hitos recientes de la historia argentina con el objetivo de contribuir a una genealogía de este dispositivo: el Programa de Expansión y Mejoramiento de la Educación Rural, desarrollado durante la última dictadura cívico-militar en Argentina; los alcances del Pacto Federal Educativo en relación con las escuelas rurales, sancionado en 1994; y los alcances del Plan de Sustitución de Viviendas Precarias y Erradicación del Mal de Chagas, ejecutado en Córdoba entre 2009 y 2019. Siguiendo la perspectiva de Henri Lefebvre, se examinan las dimensiones del espacio concebido, percibido y vivido, donde el Estado y el mercado imponen sus influencias en la configuración del espacio. Además, se introduce el concepto de "dispositivo", según Foucault y Deleuze, como una herramienta fundamental para entender cómo la producción del espacio actúa como un proceso de enseñanza y transmisión de valores coloniales. La colonialidad se aborda como una matriz que influye en la regulación, normalización y producción de "verdades" sobre territorios y comunidades, estableciendo una pedagogía que refuerza la inferiorización de grupos específicos. En conjunto, este artículo destaca cómo estas políticas de erradicación y reemplazo de arquitecturas vernáculas forman parte de un dispositivo pedagógico colonial que impacta en la percepción y el uso del espacio rural, desafiando las prácticas y saberes locales.; This article examines the relationship between the eradication of traditional rural schools and houses in Argentina and their role as a colonial pedagogical device in space production. Three recent milestones in Argentine history are analyzed to contribute to a genealogy of this device: the Rural Education Expansion and Improvement Program, initiated during the last civic-military dictatorship in Argentina; the scope of the Federal Educational Pact regarding rural schools, enacted in 1994; and the scope of the Replacement of Precarious Housing and Eradication of Chagas Disease Plan, implemented in Córdoba between 2009 and 2019. Following Henri Lefebvre's perspective, the dimensions of conceived, perceived, and lived space are examined, where the State and the market impose their influences on space configuration. Additionally, the concept of "device," according to Foucault and Deleuze, is introduced as a fundamental tool to understand how space production acts as a process of teaching and transmitting colonial values. Coloniality is approached as a matrix that influences the regulation, normalization, and production of "truths" about territories and communities, establishing a pedagogy that reinforces the marginalization of specific groups. Altogether, this article highlights how these policies of eradicating and replacing vernacular architectures are part of a colonial pedagogical device that impacts the perception and use of rural space, challenging local practices and knowledge.; Este artigo examina a relação entre a erradicação das escolas e habitações rurais tradicionais na Argentina e sua função como dispositivo pedagógico colonial na produção do espaço. São analisados três marcos recentes da história argentina com o objetivo de contribuir para uma genealogia desse dispositivo: o Programa de Expansão e Melhoria da Educação Rural, iniciado durante a última ditadura cívico-militar na Argentina; o alcance do Pacto Federal da Educação em relação às escolas rurais, promulgado em 1994; e o alcance do Plano de Substituição de Habitações Precárias e Erradicação da Doença de Chagas, implementado em Córdoba entre 2009 e 2019. Seguindo a perspectiva de Henri Lefebvre, são examinadas as dimensões do espaço concebido, percebido e vivido, onde o Estado e o mercado impõem suas influências na configuração do espaço. Além disso, é introduzido o conceito de "dispositivo", de acordo com Foucault e Deleuze, como uma ferramenta fundamental para entender como a produção do espaço atua como um processo de ensino e transmissão de valores coloniais. A colonialidade é abordada como uma matriz que influencia a regulamentação, normalização e produção de "verdades" sobre territórios e comunidades, estabelecendo uma pedagogia que reforça a marginalização de grupos específicos.

Efectos del solvente en la deposición de películas delgadas de ZnO por nebulización pirolítica sol-gel Morinigo, Luis Ezequiel; Veveliuk, Pablo; Tejerina, Matías Rubén En este trabajo, se analizaron las características de películas de ZnO fabricadas con nebulización pirolítica sol-gel, en términos de la variación de la composición del solvente. Para este propósito, se muestra y discute una caracterización usando imágenes macroscópicas de las películas, difracción de rayos X (XRD) y espectroscopía de transmitancia UV-VIS-NIR. Entre los resultados relevantes se obtuvo que el aumento de la relación agua/etanol está relacionado con un aumento en el espesor de los films. Además, se encontró que el espesor, el área de cobertura y la transparencia de las películas también dependían de la composición del solvente de la solución de partida. Este estudio ayuda a comprender la relación entre un parámetro de crecimiento importante, como lo es la composición de la solución de partida y las características deseadas de las películas de ZnO que son importantes para las aplicaciones tecnológicas.

Local energetic frustration conservation in protein families and superfamilies Freiberger, Maria Ines; Ruiz Serra, Victoria; Pontes, Camila; Romero Durana, Miguel; Galaz Davison, Pablo; Ramírez Sarmiento, Cesar A.; Schuster, Claudio David; Marti, Marcelo Adrian; Wolynes, Peter G.; Ferreiro, Diego; Parra, Rodrigo Gonzalo; Valencia, Alfonso Energetic local frustration offers a biophysical perspective to interpret the effects of sequence variability on protein families. Here we present a methodology to analyze local frustration patterns within protein families and superfamilies that allows us to uncover constraints related to stability and function, and identify differential frustration patterns in families with a common ancestry. We analyze these signals in very well studied protein families such as PDZ, SH3, ɑ and β globins and RAS families. Recent advances in protein structure prediction make it possible to analyze a vast majority of the protein space. An automatic and unsupervised proteome-wide analysis on the SARS-CoV-2 virus demonstrates the potential of our approach to enhance our understanding of the natural phenotypic diversity of protein families beyond single protein instances. We apply our method to modify biophysical properties of natural proteins based on their family properties, as well as perform unsupervised analysis of large datasets to shed light on the physicochemical signatures of poorly characterized proteins such as the ones belonging to emergent pathogens.

Organización del trabajo y trabajadores en la Compañía Francesa de Ferrocarriles en la ciudad; Work organization and workers in the French Railway Company in the city of Santa Fe, 1900-1915 Franco, Andrea Sol El impacto del ferrocarril, como parte de un sistema de transporte más amplio, en la configuración de un mercado interno también tuvo su correlato en el mundo del trabajo. El presente trabajo se propone examinar la organización de la Compañía Francesa de Ferrocarriles de la ciudad de Santa Fe, principios del siglo XX (1900-1915). A través del análisis de diversos documentos como estatutos, anuarios estadísticos, etat du personnel en service y otros documentos, mediante una metodología de investigación mixta, el trabajo pretende relacionar las formas de organización del trabajo de la compañía, con algunas características de las disposiciones estructurales de los trabajadores. Esta caracterización, de tipo exploratorio, intenta recomponer algunas características de las formas de organización del trabajo de una de las empresas que mayor cantidad de mano de obra empleó en el período bajo estudio.; The impact of the railway, as part of a broader transport system, in the configuration of an internal market also had its correlate in the world of work. The present work intends to examine the organization of the French Railway Company of the city of Santa Fe, at the beginning of the 20th century (1900-1915). Through the analysis of various documents such as statutes, statistical yearbooks, etat du personnel en service and other documents, through a mixed research methodology, the work aims to relate the forms of organization of the company's work, with some characteristics of the structural provisions. from the workers. This characterization, of an exploratory nature, tries to recompose some characteristics of the forms of work organization of one of the companies that employed the greatest amount of labor in the period under study.

Succinate dehydrogenase participation in porcine gamete function Breininger, Elizabeth; Rodriguez, P.; Gutnisky, Cynthia; Alvarez, Gabriel Martín; Satorre, María Mercedes; Martinez, Santiago; Pereyra, V.; Vecchi Galenda, B.; Cetica, Pablo Daniel Context. Porcine gametes require energy for the physiological processes that allow fertilisation. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) plays a pivotal role in both, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the respiratory chain. Aims. The aim of this work was to study the participation of SDH in the in vitro oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in porcine species. Methods. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) from abattoir-derived porcine ovaries were collected by aspiration and were incubated in maturation media, with the addition of increasing concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 mM) of malonate (a specific inhibitor of SDH). Nuclear maturation and cytoplasmatic maturation were analysed. Semen samples were incubated for 2 h in capacitating medium with 40 mM sodium bicarbonate, as sperm capacitation inducer, and the addition of increasing concentrations of malonate (0, 1, 5 and 10 mM). Sperm capacitation state and true acrosomal reaction were evaluated. SDH activity was determined in sperm and oocyte extracts by the spectrophotometric method. Key results. The addition of 10 mM of malonate decreased both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation rates (P < 0.05) without affecting COC viability (assessed using fluorescein diacetate). A lower level of capacitation (induced by bicarbonate) and acrosome reaction (induced by follicular fluid) was observed with the addition of 5 mM of malonate (P < 0.05) without affecting motility and viability of sperm at this concentration. The activity of SDH was 0.35 ± 0.1 × 10−5 and 2.37 ± 0.9 × 10−5 U/COC for immature and in vitro matured COC extracts (P < 0.05) respectively, and 0.44 ± 0.16 U/1010 sperm for boar sperm extracts. Conclusions. In conclusion, because it has been proposed that aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways of cells are changed depending on the oxygen availability and the composition of metabolic substrates in their environment, our results suggest that energy obtained through the mitochondrial respiration (TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation) is necessary to support oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in the porcine species. Implications. The study of enzymatic activity in gametes is essential for understanding the mechanisms that control the energy production required to achieve successful fertilisation. This knowledge has significant implications for the development of assisted reproductive technologies.

Efectos de los bordes de caminos y las plantas invasoras sobre la vegetación en pie y el banco de semillas en matorrales norpatagónicos Chichizola, Giselle Ailin; Gonzalez, Sofía Ariadna; Rovere, Adriana La construcción de caminos genera impactos ambientales en los ecosistemas que atraviesan, al fragmentar y transformar los hábitats. Esto afecta el ensamble de especies en áreas degradadas y contribuye a la introducción y al aumento de especies de plantas exóticas e invasoras. La introducción de especies invasoras cambia la abundancia y la composición de especies nativas, representando una amenaza para la biodiversidad a nivel global. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el ensamble de la vegetación en pie y el banco de semillas, e identificar las especies invasoras en taludes de desmonte en bordes de camino de matorrales de Nothofagus antarctica en el noroeste patagónico. Se analizó la composición, la riqueza, la diversidad y la abundancia de especies exóticas y nativas, y de grupos funcionales de la vegetación en pie y en el banco de semillas en taludes y áreas de referencia cercanas. Los taludes presentaron diferente composición florística, con menor cobertura de la vegetación y densidad de semillas de especies totales, menor riqueza y cobertura de especies nativas, y menor densidad de semillas de especies exóticas que las áreas de referencia. La similitud entre la vegetación en pie y el banco fue alta para las especies exóticas. En la vegetación de los taludes predominaron las hierbas, las gramíneas anuales/bianuales y las perennes exóticas invasoras, y las hierbas, las gramíneas perennes y los arbustos nativos; no se encontraron semillas de arbustos. La presencia de especies exóticas en los taludes puede deberse a las condiciones de los micrositios y a los rasgos de las especies que los colonizan, como a la capacidad de formar banco de semillas, la alta producción de semillas y la forma y el ciclo de vida. Este trabajo en matorrales del noroeste patagónico mostró que los bordes de camino y sus áreas cercanas albergan especies exóticas potencialmente invasoras, y que es importante identificarlas tempranamente para controlarlas.

Asparagaceae Juss (Agavoideae) Martinez Carretero, Eduardo Enrique; Bonjour, Lorena de Jesús; Ontivero, Marcela del Valle; Ganci, Carmelo En las zonas urbanas del centro-oeste de Argentina se cultivan como ornamentales especies principalmente de los géneros. Asparagus, Agave, Beaucarnea, Chlorophytum Dasylirion, Ruscus, Dracaena (Sansevieria) y Yucca. Se presenta la clave de los géneros más comunes.

Halophytaceae Soriano Martinez Carretero, Eduardo Enrique Halophytum Speg. Familia y género monotípico. Herbáceas, monoicas. Hojas carnosas sin estípulas. Flores imperfectas. Flores estaminadas en espigas; perigonio con 4 tépalos libres; estambres 4, alternitépalos. Flores pistiladas alojadas en cavidades del tallo. Ovario súpero. Utrículos reunidos en un sincarpo duro.

Transformer-Based Representation of Organic Molecules for Potential Modeling of Physicochemical Properties Perez Correa, Ignacio; Giunta, Pablo Daniel; Mariño, Fernando Javier; Francesconi, Javier Andres In this work, we study the use of three configurations of an autoencoder neural network to process organic substances with the aim of generating meaningful molecular descriptors that can be employed to develop property prediction models. A total of 18,322,500 compounds represented as SMILES strings were used to train the model, demonstrating that a latent space of 24 units is able to adequately reconstruct the data. After AE training, an analysis of the latent space properties in terms of compound similarity was carried out, indicating that this space possesses desired properties for the potential development of models for forecasting physical properties of organiccompounds. As a final step, a QSPR model was developed to predict the boiling point of chemical substances based on the AE descriptors.5276 substances were used for the regression task, and the predictive ability was compared with models available in the literature evaluated on the same database. The final AE model has an overall error of 1.40% (1.39% with augmented SMILES) in the prediction of the boiling temperature, while other models have errors between 2.0 and 3.2%. This shows that the SMILES representation is comparable and even outperforms the state-of-the-art representations widely used in the literature.

El razonamiento clínico y la inteligencia artificial; Clinical reasoning and artificial intelligence; Raciocínio clínico e inteligência artificial Cuestas, Eduardo Tanto la literatura científica como los medios de comunicación no especializados han expuesto que la inteligencia artificial (IA) podría igualar o incluso superar a la inteligencia humana en las tareas de diagnóstico clínico. Analizaremos aquí las diferencias en la forma en que los médicos y la IA abordan el diagnóstico para argumentar que el razonamiento humano pervivirá y continuará siendo necesario para efectuar diagnósticos acertados, creativos y éticamente responsables dentro del contexto personal de cada paciente entendido como un ser social único e irrepetible. Los diagnósticos de la IA se basan en algoritmos de aprendizaje automático que son teóricamente “inteligentes” como para manejar problemas difíciles y complejos. Estos algoritmos dependen a su vez de la inteligencia y de la acción humana para su creación y entrenamiento. En este campo se han logrado avances sustanciales gracias a las redes neuronales, una familia de métodos de aprendizaje automático, y particularmente de las redes neuronales profundas...

Notas dispersas sobre las imágenes sadeanas; Scattered Notes on Sadean Images Molina, Cristian Julio En este trabajo, abordamos la problemática de las imágenes sadeanas como condensadoras de una serie de cuestiones. En principio, como reverberaciones de un modo de lo sensible; es decir, destellos durante la lectura que las hacen reconocibles y nominables como tales y que tienen una insistencia transtemporal y transterritorial. En segundo lugar, como aquellas donde se hacen evidentes tensiones respecto de los dispositivos sexogenéricos, feministas y culturales en temporalidades disímiles. En tercer lugar, como dispersiones de heterogeneidades que, sin embargo, se constelan. Esto supone un método de lectura y escritura que advierta e inscriba los destellos efímeros de estas, sin una relación lineal en el tiempo y, a su vez, sin una argumentación progresiva y unívoca, sino cortada y reverberante, donde se produzca una reflexión sobre la imagen en sí y donde se analicen imágenes sadeanas provenientes de diversos contextos temporo-espaciales, de manera efímera, en tanto múltiples notas que se vinculan durante la lectura.; We work the Sadean image’s problem as condensers of diferent issues. First, as reverberations of a sensible way; that is, flashes that occur during reading that make them recognizable and nameable and that have a transtemporal and transterritorial consistency. Second, they show tensions regarding sex, gender, feminist and cultural devices in dissimilar temporalities. Third, as dispersions of heterogeneities that, however, constellate. This supposes a method of reading and writing that notices and inscribes their ephemeral flashes, without a linear relationship in time and, in turn, without a progressive and univocal argumentation, but cut and reverberant, where a reflection on the image is produced in itself and where Sadean images from various temporal-spatial contexts are analyzed, in an ephemeral way, as different notes that are linked during reading.