Cartografía multitemporal y estrategias para la prevención de inundaciones en una cuenca con predominio agrícola de Argentina Solana, Maria Ximena; Romanelli, Asunción; Quiroz Londoño, Orlando Mauricio This study presents a semi-automated approach for mapping the extent and frequency of floods in agriculturally dominated river watersheds, using the Quequén Grande River watershed as a case study. By the combination of normalized difference indices computed from Landsat imagery and the application of Otsu’s thresholding method in Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment, two flood categories were defined: Open Flood Surfaces (OFS) and Flooded Vegetation (FV). The analysis of historical flood frequency allowed the proposal of flood prevention strategies to be implemented in each defined flood frequency class, which is essential for flood mitigation in agriculturally dominated river watersheds; En este estudio se propone un método semiautomático para la cartografía de la extensión y frecuencia de las inundaciones en una cuenca hidrográfica con predominio agrícola, seleccionándose la cuenca del Río Quequén Grande como caso de estudio. Mediante la combinación de índices diferenciales normalizados calculados a partir de imágenes Landsat y la aplicación del método de umbralización desarrollado por Otsu en el entorno de Google Earth Engine (GEE), se definieron dos categorías para las inundaciones: superficies de inundación abiertas (OFS) y vegetación inundada (FV). El análisis de la frecuencia histórica de las inundaciones permitió la propuesta de estrategias de prevención a las inundaciones dirigidas a ser implementadas en cada clase de frecuencia de inundación definida, siendo esencial para la mitigación de inundaciones en cuencas hidrográficas con predominio agrícola.

Entre la "falsa piedad" y las "luces del siglo": Proyectos para la creación de un cementerio extramuros en el Buenos Aires tardocolonial; Between the "false piety" and the "lights of the century": projects to create an extramural cemetery in late colonial Buenos Aires Roca, Facundo Durante siglos, las sepulturas intramuros garantizaron la convivencia entre vivos y muertos y simbolizaron la unión eterna de la Iglesia, en tanto comunidad de creyentes. La conjunción entre el nuevo discurso médico y el avance de la piedad ilustrada a lo largo del siglo XVIII contribuyó a socavar las bases de aquel tradicional modelo de religiosidad. Desde fines del período colonial, la monarquía borbónica promovió la creación de cementerios extramuros en las principales villas y ciudades del Imperio. En la ciudad de Buenos Aires, este proyecto dio lugar a una serie de conflictos y controversias que involucraron a diferentes instituciones y actores sociales, eclesiásticos y seculares. La disputa acerca del lugar que debían ocupar la muerte y los muertos en el seno de la sociedad nos permite identificar el impacto de las ideas ilustradas y la transformación de los modelos de religiosidad en el Río de la Plata durante el período tardocolonial.; For centuries, the intramural burials guaranteed the coexistence between the living and the dead and symbolized the eternal union of the Church, as a community of believers. The conjunction between the new medical discourse and the advance of enlightened piety throughout the 18th century contributed to undermining the foundations of that traditional model of religiosity. At the end of the colonial period, the Bourbon monarchy promoted the creation of extramural cemeteries in the main villages and cities of the Empire. In the city of Buenos Aires, this project originated a series of conflicts and controversies that involved different institutions and social actors, both ecclesiastical and secular. The dispute over the place that death and the dead should occupy within society allows us to identify the impact of enlightened ideas and the transformation of religiosity in the Río de la Plata during the late colonial period.

Brechas en la movilidad urbana argentina frente a los objetivos de desarrollo sustentable (ODS 11.2.1); Gaps in Argentine Urban Mobility in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11.2.1) Gutierrez, Andrea Ines; de Grande, Pablo Ernesto El indicador 11.2.1 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable refiere a la movilidad en las ciudades. Los metadatos de la Agenda 2030 Argentina establecen su medición conforme a la cantidad de hogares que se encuentran a menos de 300 metros de algún modo de transporte público, y como fuente al Censo de Población, Hogares y Viviendas. Si bien los datos fueron relevados por los Censos 2001 y 2010, sus resultados no han sido analizados en forma desagregada hasta la fecha. El objetivo del artículo es establecer una línea de base acerca del acceso al transporte público en Argentina utilizando los microdatos del Censo 2010. La metodología se ajusta a los metadatos globales y combina fuentes oficiales. Como resultado se obtiene información del indicador 11.2.1 a nivel de radio censal para todo el país. El análisis de resultados muestra desigualdades por región y provincia, a nivel del sistema urbano nacional e intra-urbanas, cuyo diagnóstico aporta a territorializar la Agenda 2030.; Indicator 11.2.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) refers to urban mobility. The metadata of the 2030 Agenda SDG Argentina specifies its measurement according to the number of households located within 300 meters of public transport, using as source the Nacional Census of Population. Although this metric was collected during the 2001 and 2010 censuses, its results haven't been thoroughly examined. The goal of this article is to establish a baseline of the access of urban public transport using the microdata from the 2010 Census. The methodology employs global metadata and official sources and yields results on indicator 11.2.1 at the census tract level. As a result, information on indicator 11.2.1 is provided at the census tract level for the entire country. The results reveals inequalities by region, province, urban system and within urban areas, which are valuable for the necessary territorialization of the Agenda 2030.

Making visible the cost of informal caregivers’ time in Latin America: a case study for major cardiovascular, cancer and respiratory diseases in eight countries Espinola, Natalia Micaela; Pichón-Riviere, Andres; Casarini, Agustín; Alcaraz, Andrea; Bardach, Ariel Esteban; Williams, Caitlin; Rodriguez Cairoli, Federico; Augustovski, Federico Ariel; Palacios, Alfredo Background: Informal care is a key element of health care and well-being for society, yet it is scarcely visible and rarely studied in health economic evaluations. This study aims to estimate the time use and cost associated with informal care for cardiovascular diseases, pneumonia and ten different cancers in eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru). Methods: We carried out an exhaustive literature review on informal caregivers’ time use, focusing on the selected diseases. We developed a survey for professional caregivers and conducted expert interviews to validate this data in the local context. We used an indirect estimate through the interpolation of the available data, for those cases in which we do not found reliable information. We used the proxy good method to estimate the monetary value of the use of time of informal care. National household surveys databases were processed to obtain the average wage per hour of a proxy of informal caregiver. Estimates were expressed in 2020 US dollars. Results: The study estimated approximately 1,900 million hours of informal care annually and $ 4,300 million per year in average informal care time cost for these fifteen diseases and eight countries analyzed. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for an informal care burden that ranged from 374 to 555 h per year, while cancers varied from 512 to 1,825 h per year. The informal care time cost share on GDP varied from 0.26% (Mexico) to 1.38% (Brazil), with an average of 0.82% in the studied American countries. Informal care time cost represents between 16 and 44% of the total economic cost (direct medical and informal care cost) associated with health conditions. Conclusions: The study shows that there is a significant informal care economic burden -frequently overlooked- in different chronic and acute diseases in Latin American countries; and highlights the relevance of including the economic value of informal care in economic evaluations of healthcare.

Agentes, empresas y presos: Construcción estatal, instituciones de encierro y prácticas en la provincia de Buenos Aires (fines del siglo XIX); Agents, Companies and Prisoners: State construction, Confinement Institutions and Agents in the Province of Buenos Aires (end of the 19th Century) Yangilevich, Melina Silvia El propósito del artículo consiste en aportar a los estudios sobre la construcción estatal a fines del siglo XIX en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) tomando como ámbito de indagación a los espacios de encierro existentes en dicho territorio. Para ello, se indagan un conjunto de demandas y pedidos elevados por diferentes agentes: funcionarios y representantes de empresas, vecinos de comunidades del interior provincial y un grupo de presos que apelaron a la Constitución Nacional. El texto procura ilustrar la complejidad del proceso de diferenciación de las funciones de justicia y gobierno, incluso hasta avanzado el siglo XIX en el proceso de conformación estatal.; The purpose of the article is to contribute to the studies on state construction at the end of the 19th century in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), taking as a privileged space for inquiry the existing confinement institutions in that territory. For this purpose, a set of demands and requests made by different agents are investigated: state and company representatives, residents of communities in the interior of the province and a group of prisoners who appealed to the National Constitution. Besides, the text seeks to illustrate the complexity of the process of differentiation of the functions of justice and government, even until late in the 19th century in the process of state formation.

Memoria y enfoque enactivo: análisis sobre el rol del cuerpo y las interacciones sociales; A memória e a abordagem ativa: análise do papel do corpo e das interacções sociais; Memory and enactive approach: Analysis on the role of the body and social interactions Diaz Abrahan, Veronika Mariana; Bermejo, Fernando Raul; Hüg, Mercedes El enactivismo es una rama de las perspectivas cognitivas corporizadas que sostiene que la cognición emerge del acoplamiento que se da entre el organismo y su entorno. Este enfoque podría ofrecer una mirada alternativa para comprender aspectos de la memoria que representan desafíos para los abordajes tradicionales. La presente revisión bibliográfica busca avanzar en el tema a través de preguntas sobre cómo se genera, cómo se mantiene en el tiempo y para qué sirve la memoria. En el artículo se sintetizan las bases conceptuales del enactivismo para posteriormente revisar investigaciones que discuten sobre los procesos constructivos y las bases sensoriomotoras de la memoria y, finalmente, investigaciones que problematizan la formación y evocación de recuerdos sociales y colectivos.; O activismo é um ramo das perspectivas corporizadas da ciência cognitiva que argumenta que a cognição emerge do acoplamento entre o organismo e o seu ambiente. Esta abordagem poderia oferecer uma forma alternativa de compreender aspectos da memória que desafiam as abordagens tradicionais. Esta revisão bibliográfica procura fazer avançar o tema, fazendo perguntas sobre como a memória é gerada, como é mantida ao longo do tempo, e para que é utilizada. O artigo sintetiza as bases conceptuais do enactivismo e depois revê a investigação que discute os processos construtivos e as bases sensorimotoras da memória e, finalmente, a investigação que problematiza a formação e a evocação de memórias sociais e colectivas.; Enactivism is a branch of the embodied perspectives of cognitive sciences which holds that cognition emerges from the coupling between the organism and its environment. This approach could offer an alternative view to understand aspects of memory that represent challenges to traditional approaches. The present review seeks to advance on the subject through questions about how memory is generated, how it is maintained over time, and what it is used for. The article synthesizes the conceptual bases of enactivism and then reviews research that discusses the constructive processes and sensorimotor bases of memory and, finally, research that problematizes the formation and evocation of social and collective memories.

Literatura del postconflicto peruano: cuestionamientos de un hijo de agentes involucrados, el caso de José Carlos Agüero; Peruvian Post-Conflict Literature: Questions of a Son of Agents Involved, the Case of José Carlos Agüero Artigas, María Emilia Los rendidos. Sobre el don de perdonar de José Carlos Agüero es un texto híbrido, entre la autobiografía, el ensayo y la no-ficción donde se revisan los temas de memoria y violencia acontecidos en Perú durante el conflicto armado interno (1980-2000). Su autor presenta un lugar de enunciación complejo, pues es hijo de ex senderistas muertos durante dicha beligerancia, así, revisa la vida de sus padres y otros miembros de Sendero Luminoso para pensar en las categorías de víctimas/victimarios. También, al ser activista de derechos humanos, historiador y poeta, su texto cuestiona temas como la justicia, los estigmas, la culpa y la reparación durante el postconflicto.; Los rendidos. Sobre el don de perdonar (2015) of José Carlos Agüero is a hybrid text, between autobiography, essay and non-fiction where the themes of memory and violence that occurred in Peru during the internal armed conflict (1980-2000) are reviewed. Its author presents a place of complex enunciation because he is the son of former senderistas killed during this belligerence, thus, he reviews the lives of his parents and other members of the Shining Path to think about the categories of victims / perpetrators. Also, being a human rights activist, historian and poet, his text questions issues such as justice, stigma, guilt and reparation during the post-conflict period.

Halotolerant Sinorhizobium meliloti Strain Confers Salinity Tolerance to Medicago sativa L.; Cepa de Sinorhizobium meliloti halotolerante confiere tolerancia a la salinidad a Medicago sativa L. Gonzalez, Evelyn Ailen; Pacheco Insausti, Maria Cecilia; Zapico, Martín Gonzalo; Achiary, Malena; Pedranzani, Hilda Elizabeth Objective. To comprehensively evaluate the effect of salinity on CW 660 Medicago sativa L. plants subjected to two treatments: nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with a halotolerant strain of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Materials and methods. M. sativa L. plants were di-vided into two groups: fertilized with nitrogen but not inoculated with S. meliloti (FP) and inoculated with S. meliloti but not fertilized (IP). Salt stress was induced with Hoagland’s solution and NaCl (50, 100, and 200 mM) for FP, the same solution with limited nitrogen for IP. Response variables length (L), fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) of roots and aerial parts, photosynthetic pigments (chlo-rophylls a and b and carotenoids), and proline concentration were measured after four weeks. Results. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to evaluate the effect of salinity and inoculation on the response variables. The ino-culated plants showed significant improvements in aerial and radical length, and chlorophylls a and b under salinity stress compared to the fertilized plants FP. Proline concentration was decreased in IP. Nodulation decreased due to salt stress, but inoculation promoted active no-dules. Conclusion. Inoculation with halotole-rant S. meliloti improved salt stress resistance and growth in plant.; Objetivo. Evaluar de manera integral el efecto de la salinidad en plantas de la variedad CW 660 de Medicago sativa L., sometidas a dos tratamientos: fertilización con nitrógeno e inoculación con una cepa halotolerante de Sinorhizobium meliloti. Materiales y métodos. Las plantas de M. sativa L. se dividieron en dos grupos: fertilizadas con nitrógeno, pero no inoculadas con S. meliloti (PF) e inoculadas con S. meliloti pero sin fertilización (PI). El estrés salino se indujo con solución de Hoagland y NaCl (50, 100 y 200 mM) para PF, misma solución con nitrógeno limitado para PI. Las variables repuestas evaluadas fueron longitud (L), peso fresco (PF) y peso seco (PS) de raíces y partes aéreas, pigmentos fotosintéticos (clorofilas a, b y carotenoides) y concentración de prolina tras cuatro semanas de tratamiento. Resultados. Mediante modelos aditivos generalizados (GAM, por sus siglas en inglés), se evaluó el efecto de salinidad e inoculación sobre las variables repuestas. Las PI mostraron mejoras significativas en la longitud aérea y radical, y en las clorofilas a y b bajo estrés salino, en comparación con PF. La concentración de prolina bajó en PI. La nodulación disminuyó debido al estrés salino, pero la inoculación promovió nódulos activos. Conclusión. La inoculación con S. meliloti halotolerante mejoró la resistencia al estrés salino, impulsando el crecimiento de las plantas.

Bordetella pertussis targets the basolateral membrane of polarized respiratory epithelial cells, gets internalized, and survives in intracellular locations Baroli, Carlos Manuel; Gorgojo, Juan Pablo; Blancá, Bruno Martin; Debandi, Martina; Rodriguez, Maria Eugenia The airway epithelial barrier is a continuous highly organized cell layer that separates the exterior from the underlying mucosal tissue, preventing pathogen invasion. Several respiratory pathogens have evolved mechanisms to compromise this barrier, invade and even reside alive within the epithelium. Bordetella pertussis is a persistent pathogen that infects the human airway epithelium, causing whooping cough. Previous studies have shown that B. pertussis survives inside phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells, suggesting that there might be an intracellular stage involved in the bacterial infectious process and/or in the pathogen persistence inside the host. In this study we found evidence that B. pertussis is able to survive inside respiratory epithelial cells. According to our results, this pathogen preferentially attaches near or on top of the tight junctions in polarized human bronchial epithelial cells and disrupts these structures in an adenylate cyclase-dependent manner, exposing their basolateral membrane. We further found that the bacterial internalization is significantly higher in cells exposing this membrane compared with cells only exposing the apical membrane. Once internalized, B. pertussis mainly remains in nondegradative phagosomes with access to nutrients. Taken together, these results point at the respiratory epithelial cells as a potential niche of persistence.

Improved detection and phylogenetic analysis of plant proteins containing LysM domains Dallachiesa, Dardo; Aguilar, Orlando Mario; Lozano, Mauricio Javier Plants perceive N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-containing oligosaccharides that play a role in the interac- tion with bacteria and fungi, through cell-surface receptors containing a tight bundle of three LysM domains in their extracellular region. However, the identification of LysM domains of receptor-like kinases (RLK)/receptor-like proteins (RLP) using sequence based methods has led to some ambiguity, as some proteins have been annotated with only one or two LysM domains. This missing annotation was likely produced by the failure of the LysM hidden Markov model (HMM) from the Pfam database to correctly identify some LysM domains in proteins of plant origin. In this work, we provide improved HMMs for LysM domain detection in plants, that were built from the structural alignment of manually curated LysM domain structures from the Protein Data Bank and AlphaFold Protein Structure Database. Furthermore, we evaluated different sets of ligand-specific HMMs that were able to correctly classify a limited set of fully characterised RLK/Ps by their ligand specificity. In contrast, the phylogenetic analysis of the extracellular region of RLK/Ps, or of their individual LysM domains, was unable to discriminate these proteins by their ligand specificity. The HMMs reported here will allow a more sensitive detection of plant proteins containing LysM domains and help improve their characterisation.

Environmental and techno-economic viability of using hydrogen in the vehicle sector for a rapid energy transition in Argentina Humana, Teresita Elisabet; Sigal, Agustín; Muñoz, Pedro Matías; Franceschini, Esteban Andrés; Correa Perelmuter, Gabriel Argentina has a wide availability of renewable resources, which provides important advantages for the hydrogen vector incorporation. The province of Córdoba is an excellent model case for the study of the rapid incorporation of hydrogen as fuel, to replace 20% V/V of natural gas consumed in vehicular use. This does not involve major changes in infrastructure or modifications to the vehicles. This paper computes and analyzes the levelized cost of hydrogen with the emissions associated for each part of the complete hydrogen supply chain. Two different production sources were used: renewable energies sources and the Argentine electrical grid; and two production pathways: in situ and centralized production. Comparing the same volume of proposed hydrogen compressed natural gas and current CNG, a cost decrease in the majority of the scenarios and a CO2eq emission reduction ranging from 19.5 to 8.2% are achieved, even if the hydrogen is produced using the carbon-intensive grid electricity.

Urban growth by fragments. Consolidation and land value in peripheral areas resulting from housing policy in Córdoba, Argentina Marengo, Maria Cecilia The study of the consolidation of built-up areas in the periphery of cities is interesting because it is linked to the differential forms of access to land, services, urban facilities, workplaces, and daily mobility for the inhabitants. The research identifies the locations of public housing in Córdoba City and the transformations that were produced in the physical morphology of the surroundings during a decade. Land uses, the level of building consolidation, and the dynamics of land prices in the surrounding areas lead us to reflect on the evolution of social housing areas as urban fragments built on the periphery. The objectives of the study are to recognize the effects of housing policy location in urban development and to discuss the sustainability of the urban growth model. In the context of the increasing commodification of the city, this development pattern intensifies socio-territorial inequalities derived from the location of low-income families in scattered outlying areas.

Una universidad para la democracia: Balances sobre los procesos de normalización post 1983; University for democracy: Balances on the post-1983 normalisation processes Bacolla, Natacha Cecilia; Tettamanti, Mariana Alejandra Las universidades constituyeron uno de los escenarios más activos en la transición hacia la democracia. Adquiriendo desde 1983 un lugar prioritario en la agenda política del nuevo gobierno, no sólo orientada a su renovación académica sino, sobre todo a su democratización. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar estas primeras normativas e iniciativas del gobierno de Alfonsín sobre el campo universitario. En primer lugar, propone un ejercicio de “exhumación” de los diversos sentidos o lugares que se le confirió a la universidad y el legado reformista en la imaginación de la Argentina democrática, particularmente en torno a la discusión y sanción de las primeras normativas. En segundo lugar, a partir de un ejercicio comparativo de una selección de casos empíricos, analiza los resultados de su aplicación –en torno a los elencos normalizadores, la política de renovación del cuerpo profesoral y la participación estudiantil–. Finalmente presenta algunos balances provisorios.; Universities were one of the most active arenas in the transition to democracy. From 1983 onwards, they became a priority in the political agenda of the new government, which aimed at academic renewal and, above all, democratization. The aim of this article is to examine these first regulations and initiatives of the Alfonsín government in the university sector. First, it proposes an exercise of "exhumation" of the different meanings or places given to the university and the reformist legacy in the imagination of democratic Argentina, particularly in relation to the discussion and approval of the first regulations. Secondly, based on a comparative exercise of a selection of empirical cases, this article’s aimis to analyzethe results of their application - in terms of standardization, faculty renewal policies and student participation - and finally to presentsome provisional conclusions.

Visibilizar el patrimonio: audioguías accesibles para personas con discapacidad visual en edificios de funciones culturales; Making Heritage Visible: Accessible Audio Guides for People with Visual Disabilities in Buildings with Cultural Functions Sanchez, Lorena Marina; Slavin, Estefanía Los legados arquitectónicos y urbanos, en particular con funciones culturales, requieren ser disfrutados de manera democrática, participativa e inclusiva. En este sentido se presenta una propuesta orientada a mejorar las condiciones de accesibilidad a este tipo de bienes, con foco en las personas con discapacidad visual. Desde una perspectiva teórico-práctica y con el aporte de nuevas tecnologías, se trabajó en el Centro Cultural Victoria Ocampo de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Este Centro resultó de interés por los valores patrimoniales que posee y sus carencias de accesibilidad. Con este fin se afrontó el tratamiento de un sistema de audioguías mediante una concepción de la investigación principalmente cualitativa, multidisciplinar y participativa, en el marco de un proyecto mayor. De esta forma se generaron metodologías y operativizaciones dinámicas como aportes al problema formulado.; Architectural and urban legacies, particularly with cultural functions, need to be enjoyed in a democratic, participatory and inclusive manner. In this sense, a proposal is presented aimed at improving the accessibility conditions to this type of goods, focusing on people with visual disabilities. From a theoreticalpractical perspective and with the contribution of new technologies, work was done at the Victoria Ocampo Cultural Center in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina. This Center was of interest due to its heritage values and its lack of accessibility. Therefore, the treatment of an audio guide system was undertaken through a primarily qualitative, multidisciplinary and participatory research conception, within the framework of a larger project. In this way, methodologies and dynamic operationalizations were generated as contributions to the formulated problem.

Zuccagnia punctata Cav., a Potential Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Bionematicide for the Control of Argentinean Horticultural Crops Manrique, Sofia; Gómez, Jessica; Piñeiro Gomez, Mauricio Daniel; Ariza Sampietro, Maria Belen; Peschiutta, María Laura; Tapia, Alejandro; Simirgiotis, Mario J.; Lima, Beatriz Viviana This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics, and flavonoids content as well as the potential nematicidal properties of decoction (ZpDe), orange-yellow resin (ZpRe) and essential oil (ZpEO) from Argentinean medicinal plant Zuccagnia punctata Cav. Additionally, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of ZpDe and ZpEO were determined. Metabolite profiling was obtained by an ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/OT-MS-MS) and GCMS. The nematicidal activity was assayed by a standardized method against Meloidogyne incognita. The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (ILP). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The ZpDe, ZpRe and ZpEO displayed a strong nematicidal activity with an LC50 of 0.208, 0.017 and 0.142 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the ZpDe showed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 28.54 µg/mL); ILP of 87.75% at 250 µg ZpDe/mL and moderated antimicrobial activity. The ZpEO showed promising activity against a panel of yeasts Candida albicans and non-albicans (ATCC and clinically isolated) with MIC values from 750 to 1500 µg/mL. The ZpDe showed a content of phenolics and flavonoid compounds of 241 mg GAE/g and 10 mg EQ/g, respectively. Fifty phenolic compounds were identified in ZpDe by ultrahigh-resolution liquid chromatography (UHPLC–PDA– Q-TOF-MS) analysis, while forty-six phenolic compounds were identified in ZpRe by UHPLC-ESI-Q-OT-MS-MS and twenty-nine in ZpEO using a GC-MS analysis, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of this species. The results support and standardize this medicinal plant mainly as a potential environmentally friendly and sustainable bionematicide for the control of Argentinean horticultural crops including tomatoes and peppers and as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds which could be further explored and exploited for potential applications.

Los orígenes de la contrainsurgencia en la Armada argentina: La transformación del concepto de guerra durante la primera década de la Guerra Fría: 1945-1955; The origins of counterinsurgency in the Argentine Navy: The transformation of the concept of war during the first decade of the Cold War: 1945-1955 Pontoriero, Esteban Damián El artículo explora el impacto de la Guerra Fría en las Fuerzas Armadas (FF. AA.) argentinas a partir del caso de la Armada, entre los años 1945 y 1955. En la primera sección analizo las transformaciones en las concepciones sobre la guerra en las FF. AA. y sus hipótesis de conflicto, derivadas de su ingreso al esquema de defensa continental comandado por Estados Unidos. Luego, pongo mi atención en la Armada a través de dos secciones, explorando cómo se imaginan las guerras futuras, internas y externas. Para ello, he trabajado con artículos de revistas militares, y consultado documentación del Estado Mayor de Coordinación, el ente que unificaba el mando castrense. El objetivo es mostrar las nuevas hipótesis de conflicto surgidas en esos años, su pervivencia con otras previas, y prestar atención a la creciente preocupación por la seguridad interna en clave antisubversiva.; The article explores the impact of the Cold War on the Argentine Armed Forces from the case of the Navy, between 1945 and 1955. In the first section I analyze the transformations in the conceptions of war in the Armed Forces and their conflict hypotheses, derived from their entry into the continental defense scheme commanded by the United States. I then turn my attention to the Navy through two sections, exploring how they envision future wars, internal and external ones. For this, I have worked with articles from military magazines, and consulted documentation from the Coordination Staff, the entity that unified the military command. The objective is to show the new conflict hypotheses that emerged in those years, their survival with other previous ones, and pay attention to the growing concern for internal security in an antisubversive key.

Resilience profile of students of the National University of Misiones (UNaM); Perfil de resiliencia de estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) Sosa, Nora Mabel; Sureda, Silvia Cristina; Sosa, María A.; Rodríguez, María Daniela Generalmente, para estudiar el rendimiento académico, el abandono y el desgranamiento de la matrícula en la educación superior, se centra la atención en los aspectos socioeconómicos y entorno familiar de los estudiantes, recurriendo para ello a hipótesis y explicaciones de una situación compleja y analizando variables externas que influyen en el comportamiento de los estudiantes. En esta presentación se analiza la resiliencia de los estudiantes universitarios en los primeros años de carreras de facultades de la UNaM, a saber Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas (LAE), Licenciatura en Economía (LE) y Contador Público (CP) de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (FCE), como se describirá en el cuerpo del texto. Utilizando encuestas online se delinearon rasgos cualitativos del grupo respecto al tema de interés y se obtuvieron parámetros cuantitativos para describir características demográficas del mismo. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta que los estudiantes se perciben altamente resilientes, manifiestan que usualmente encuentran una salida ante una dificultad, mantienen su interés, se sienten amigos de sí mismos y se cuestionan sobre de la pertinencia de contenidos que integran las curriculas de las asignaturas que estudian. En gran medida la falta de ecuanimidad es una característica que definiría a estos estudiantes.; In order to study academic performance, dropout, and enrollment breakdown in higher education, attention is generally focused on the socioeconomic aspects and family environment of the students, resorting to hypotheses and explanations of a complex situation and analyzing external variables that influence on student behavior. This presentation analyses the resilience of university students in the first years of UNaM faculties, namely Bachelor of Business Administration (LAE), Bachelor of Economics (LE) and Certified Public Accountant (CP) of the Faculty of Economics (FCE), as will be described in the body of the text. Using online surveys, qualitative features of the group were delineated regarding the topic of interest and quantitative parameters were obtained to describe its demographic characteristics. The results show that the students perceive themselves as highly resilient, they state that they usually find a way out of a difficulty, they maintain their interest, they feel friends with themselves and they question themselves about the relevance of the contents that make up the curricula of the subjects they study. To a large extent, the lack of equanimity is a characteristic that would define these students.

Fertilization increases soil organic carbon stocks but does not mitigate climate change in the Argentine Pampas; La fertilización aumenta el carbono orgánico del suelo en la pampa Argentina pero no mitiga el cambio climático Alvarez, Roberto Soils can act as carbon sinks mitigating global warming. This generates interest in determining how agricultural practices affect the stock of soil organic carbon (SOC). Fertilization increases SOC stocks and its impacts have been calculated at a global level. The aim of this study was to determine if fertilization leads to carbon sequestration in the Pampas of Argentina. A meta-analysis of local studies was performed to determine how fertilization impacts SOC stocks in agricultural soils. Forty studies were compiled presenting data from 27 experiments from which 109 comparisons of SOC stocks between fertilized and unfertilized treatments were extracted. Fertilization caused a significant increase of ca. 3% in the topsoil (0-20 cm) SOC stock. When nutrients application rate could be accurately defined (n= 71), the average increase in SOC stock was ca. 1 t ha-1. Increments were much smaller in comparison with those reported in literature and the carbon footprint of applied nutrients (2.31 t Ceq. ha-1). Even if increments in SOC stock in the subsoil were similar to those measured in the topsoil, greenhouse gas emission from fertilizer application would not be offset by the carbon sequestered in the soil. Fertilization has a low impact on SOC stocks and does not compensate greenhouse gases emissions in the Pampas. Rates of SOC increments resulting from fertilization identified in other regions of the world should not be applied in this region.; Los suelos pueden actuar como sumideros de carbono y mitigar el calentamiento global. Esto genera interés en determinar cómo las prácticas agrícolas afectan las reservas de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS). La fertilización produce aumentos en el COS y se han calculado coeficientes de su impacto a nivel global. El objetivo fue determinar si la práctica de la fertilización conduce al secuestro de carbono en la Región Pampena de Argentina. Se realizó un metanálisis de estudios locales para determinar cómo la fertilización afecta el COS en los suelos agrícolas. Se compilaron cuarenta estudios que presentaban datos de 27 experimentos de los cuales se extrajeron 109 comparaciones de existencias de COS entre tratamientos fertilizados y no fertilizados. La fertilización determinó un aumento significativo de ca. 3% en la reserva de COS de la capa superior del suelo (0-20 cm). En los casos en los que la dosis de nutrientes aplicados estuvo bien definida (n= 71), el aumento promedio en el COS fue de ca. 1 t ha-1. Este aumento fue mucho menor que los aumentos de COS informados en la literatura y que la huella de carbono de los nutrientes aplicados (2,31 t Ceq. ha-1). Incluso suponiendo que el aumento relativo del COS en el subsuelo fuera similar al medido en la capa superficial, las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero procedentes de la aplicación de fertilizantes no serían compensadas por el carbono secuestrado en el suelo. La fertilización es una práctica que tiene bajo impacto en el COS y no mitiga el calentamiento global en la Región Pampeana. En esta región no se deben aplicar los coeficientes de aumento de carbono por fertilización determinados en otras regiones del mundo.

La Atracción De Inversiones Extranjeras En Energías Renovables No Convencionales En Argentina: El Caso Del Programa Renovar (2016-2019); The Attraction Of Foreign Investments In Non-Conventional Renewable Energies In Argentina: The Case Of The Renovar Program (2016-2019) Dicósimo, Emiliano El gobierno de Mauricio Macri (2015-2019) impulsó, mediante una política exterior globalista pragmática, la atracción de inversiones extranjeras en energías renovables no convencionales (ERNC). La mayoría de estas inversiones arribaron a partir del programa Renovar, iniciado en 2016. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la política exterior del gobierno y su vinculación con los socios tradicionales y no tradicionales y como esta vinculación, junto a tres factores de atracción de inversiones (incentivos fiscales, financiación internacional y acción diplomática), permitieron el arribo de IED en parques de ERNC de estos socios. Se toma al RenovAr como un estudio de caso, estudiando en profundidad a las empresas extranjeras inversoras. Se arriba a la conclusión de que las empresas extranjeras actuaron no solo como inversoras, sino también como proveedoras de componentes, liderando las de socios tradicionales, pero achicándose, a medida que transcurría el RenovAr, la diferencia con las empresas de socios no tradicionales.; The government of Mauricio Macri (2015-2019) promoted, through a pragmatic globalist foreign policy, the attraction of foreign investment in non-conventional renewable energy (ERNC). Most of these investments came from the RenovAR Program, started in 2016. The objective of this paper is to analyze the government's foreign policy and its relationship with traditional and non-traditional partners and how this link, together with three investment attraction factors (tax incentives, international financing and diplomatic action), allowed the arrival of FDI in ERNC parks of these partners. RenovAr is taken as a case study, which enables the analysis of foreign investing companies in depth. The conclusion is that foreign companies acted not only as investors, but also as component suppliers, leading those linked to traditional Argentine partners, albeit by a smaller margin as RenovAR progressed.

Contra el posibilismo, o por qué disputarle el republicanismo a la derecha; Against possibilism, or why we should battle against the right for the meaning of republicanism Marey, Macarena En este texto sostego, entre otras cosas, que el triunfo principal de la república oligárquica es el de haber monopolizado el sentido de "república" hasta el punto de volver a la república popular y materialmente igualitaria, esa "otra" república que está presente desde la antigüedad de la tradición republicana junto con su oponente elitista, una alternativa que mueve a risa, un deseo imposiblemente utópico frente al carácter concreto del orden de lo posible. Para proponer una manera de recuperar el sentido de "república" para proyectos emancipadores, mapeo y reviso un debate entre el republicanismo liberal-conservador y los republicanismos populares y de izquierdas que toma cada vez más forma en el contexto académico argentino, unos diez años después de que la noción logró una presencia constante en las editoriales de los diarios nacionales de gran tirada y en los discursos de quienes militan en los diferentes partidos de la coalición hoy llamada Juntos por el Cambio. Mi aporte a este debate tiene el fin de enfatizar la importancia de reforzar el republicanismo igualitarista con una idea de pueblo articulado que radicalice, deshomogeneizándola, la dicotomía tradicional elite versus pueblo. Propongo asimismo que la disputa por el sentido del republicanismo es parte constitutiva de la tradición republicana.; In this paper I study a scholarly debate currently taking place in Argentina among liberal and conservative republicans, on the one side, and popular and left-wing, plebeian, republicans, on the other. This debate is taking shape a decade after the idea of the republic gained a pervasive presence in editorials in the pages of the main national journals and in the political discourses of right-wing actors in Argentinian politics. My contribution to these discussions aims at strengthening egalitarian republicanism with the idea of an articulated popular agent, able to radicalise and de-homogenise the traditional dichotomy between oligarchy and the people.