Wind speed trends over the Southeastern continental shelf of South America, between 33° and 50° S Pescio, Andrés Esteban; Martin, Paula Beatriz; Dragani, Walter Cesar Surface scalar wind speed trends (from 1979 to 2009) at the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, between 33° and 50°S and 55° and 70°W, were estimated from the NCEP/NCAR I (NR1) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) using Sen's slope. Trends were tested using the seasonal Mann-Kendall test. Scalar wind speed trends computed from NR1 database were positive throughout the whole study area, with values ranging from +0.01 to +0.03 m s-1 year-1. On the contrary, wind speed trends computed from CFSR database were rather different to trends obtained from NR1 reanalysis. Wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) trend patterns, both computed from CFSR database, seem to be quite consistent but, in general, no apparent relationship between both patterns was obtained when different global databases were analysed. Sea surface wind speed data compiled from multiple satellite observations were also used to compute wind speed trends. Computed satellite trends resulted in very good agreement with positive values obtained from NR1 database. NR1 data series presented significant inter-annual to multi-decadal oscillations at the Argentinean continental shelf, but they would not seem to be associated either with the Southern Annular Mode or with El Niño Southern Oscillation. Possible impacts of positive speed wind trends on the mean depth of the ocean mixed layer and on the wind wave climate are briefly discussed.

Lizards at the end of the world: a new melanic species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade from rocky outcrops in the northwestern steppe of Chubut province, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae); Lagartijas del fin del mundo: una nueva especie melánica de Phymaturus del clado patagonicus de roquedales en la estepa noroeste de la provincia de Chubut, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae) Scolaro, Jose Alejandro; Corbalán, Valeria Elizabeth; Tappari, Osvaldo Fabián; Obregon Streitenberger, Rosa Lorena A new Phymaturus species is described as a new member of the “patagonicus” group of the genus. The Patagonian lizard genus Phymaturus is regarded as a candidate for non-adaptive radiation given the tendency toward non-overlapping distributions among its phenotypically and ecologically similar species (i.e., niche conservatism). In this paper, we provide the description of a sexually monomorphic species new to this clade. It is distinguished from other members of the patagonicus group by having metric and meristic differences, as well as by a peculiar, almost homogeneous, black colour pattern over the whole body. It lives at about 1000 m of altitude in very dark basalt rocky outcrops, in northwestern Chubut Province, Argentina. The new species is morphologically compared with the closely related species of the patagonicus group, and its distribution and natural history are highlighted.; Se describe una nueva especie perteneciente al grupo “patagonicus” del género Phymaturus. Las lagartijas de este género patagónico son consideradas como candidatos de una radiación no adaptativa dada la tendencia a no tener sobreposición de su distribución entre especies fenotípica y ecológicamente similares (ejemplo de conservación del nicho). En este trabajo, se provee la descripción de una nueva especie sexualmente monomórfica de este clado. Ella puede ser distinguida de otros miembros del grupo patagonicus por tener diferencias métricas y merísticas, además de un peculiar color negro casi homogéneo en todo su cuerpo. Ellos viven a una altitud alrededor de 1000 msnm en roquedales basálticos muy oscuros, en el noroeste de la provincia de Chubut, Argentina. La nueva especie se compara morfológicamente con las especies cercanamente relacionadas del grupo patagonicus, y se destaca su distribución e historia natural.

Diversidade de pequenos mamíferos (Didelphimorphia e Rodentia) do holoceno do Nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: Implicações taxonômicas e paleoambientais; Small mammals diversity (Didelphimorphia and Rodentia) from the holocene of Northeastern Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil: Taxonomic and paleoenvironmental implications Hadler, Patricia; Cherem, Jorge José; Turbay, Renata; Alberti, Arthur; Pardiñas, Ulises Francisco J. Apesar do recente incremento ao conhecimento dos pequenos mamíferos do Holoceno do Rio Grande do Sul e da sua importância como indicadores paleoambientais, a maioria das assembleias advindas de sítios arqueológicos permanece sem uma análise detalhada. Este trabalho estuda a fauna de pequenos mamíferos do sítio arqueológico RS-C-61: Adelar Pilger, Município de Harmonia, o qual apresenta evidênci as de ocupação humana contínua ao longo do Holoceno, de cerca de 8.000 anos AP até 3.000 anos AP. A associação fauní stica do sítio está composta por 25 táxons, incluindo cinco marsupiais didelfídeos, 15 roedores cricetídeos e cinco caviomorfos. A maioria dos marsupiais é também encontrada em outros dois sítios próximos, Afonso Garivaldino Rodrigues e Sangão. Entre os cricetídeos, Gyldenstolpia, Kunsia e Oxymycterus são registrados pela primeira vez para o Quaternário do Rio Grande do Sul. Por outro lado, a assembleia de caviomorfos do sítio Pilger é menos diversa do que aquelas dos sítios Afonso Garivaldino Rodrigues e Sangão. O sítio Pilger inclui tanto pequenos mamíferos de ambientes abertos (e.g. Thylamys, Calomys, Cavia), quanto florestais (Delomys, Sooretamys e Phyllomys), ambientes também indicados pelos dados palinológicos. Três caviomorfos (Euryzygomatomys mordax, Dicolpomys fossor e Clyomys riograndensis) estão extintos e, em comparação com a fauna recente das florestas estacionais do Rio Grande do Sul, outros três táxons (Gyldenstolpia sp., Kunsia tomentosus e Pseudoryzomys simplex) sofreram extinções regionais.; Despite the increase in knowledge about small mammals from the Holocene of Rio Grande do Sul State and their importance as paleoenviron mental indicators, most assemblages from archaeological sites remains without a detailed analysis. This paper studies the rich small mammals content recovered from the archaeological site RS-C-61: Adelar Pilger, Harmonia, which shows evidence of continuous human occupation throughout the Holocene, from about 8,000 years BP to 3,000 years BP. The assemblage of this site is composed of 25 taxa, including five didelphid marsupials, 15 cricetid and five caviomorph rodents. Most marsupials are also registered in two other sites, Afonso Garivaldino Rodrigues and Sangão. Among Cricetidae, Gyldenstolpia, Kunsia and Oxymycterus are first recorded for Quaternary of Rio Grande do Sul State. On the other hand, the caviomorph assemblage of Pilger site is less diverse than those of the Afonso Garivaldino Rodrigues and Sangão sites. Pilger site includes both small mammals of open (e.g. Thylamys, Calomys, Cavia) and forest (Delomys, Sooretamys and Phyllomys) environments, also supported by palynological data. Three caviomorph (Euryzygomatomys mordax, Dicolpomys fossor and Clyomys riograndensis) are extinct and, compared to the recent fauna of seasonal forest of Rio Grande do Sul, three other taxa (Gyldenstolpia sp., Kunsia tomentosus and Pseudoryzomys simplex) suff ered regional extinctions.

Paleogene glyptodontidae propalaehoplophorinae (mammalia, xenarthra) in extra-patagonian areas; Registros paleógenos de glyptodontidae propalaehoplophorinae (xenarthra, cingulata) en áreas extrapatagónicas Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Gonzalez, Laureano Raul; Miño Boilini, Ángel Ramón; Herbst, Rafael; Scillato, Gustavo Juan; Cuaranta, Pedro Los registros paleógenos de Cingulata Glyptodontidae son muy escasos y los mejores conocidos provienen de la actual región patagónica de Argentina. Dos subfamilias han sido descritas: Glyptatelinae y Propalaehoplophorinae. Los registros paleógenos de Propalaehoplophorinae provienen de la localidad El Pajarito (Oligoceno Tardío, SALMA Deseadense), provincia de Chubut, Argentina. Aquí damos a conocer el registro más septentrional de un Propalaehoplophorinae, proveniente de la Formación Fray Bentos (Oligoceno Tardío, SALMA Deseadense) de la localidad Cueva del Tigre, Chajarí, provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Desde una perspectiva morfológica, estos restos son casi idénticos con aquellos reportados para El Pajarito. Esto demuestra que durante el Paleógeno la distribución latitudinal de los Propalaehoplophorinae fue mucho mayor a la previamente conocida.; Paleogene records of Cingulata Glyptodontidae are scarce. The only well described comes from the Paleogene of Argentine Patagonia. Two subfamilies have been reported for that period: Glyptatelinae and Propalaehoplophorinae. Until this contribution, the latter taxon was geographically restricted to the locality of El Pajarito (Late Oligocene, Deseadan SALMA), Chubut province, Argentina. Here we present and describe the northernmost record of a Paleogene Propalaehoplophorinae. The material is represented by three associated osteoderms of the dorsal carapace from the Fray Bentos Formation (Late Oligocene, Deseadan SALMA) in the locality of Cueva del Tigre, Chajarí, Entre Ríos province, Argentina. Morphologically, these remains are almost identical to those reported from the late Oligocene of the Patagonian region, showing that during the Paleogene the Propalaehoplophorinae had a larger latitudinal distribution than previously known.

Análisis del confort climático en la ciudad de Tandil, Argentina; Climatic confort analysis in Tandil city, Argentina Picone, Natasha; Campo, Alicia María Los efectos urbanos sobre el clima regional también alteran las condiciones de confort, modificándolas a escala local y microclimática. No existen trabajos sobre esta temática en la ciudad de Tandil, por lo cual el objetivo del presente artículo es estudiar el confort en la ciudad. Se analizaron las condiciones regionales utilizando tres índices de verano y uno de inverno, ya que se considera que las ciudades con clima templado generan mayores condiciones de poco confort en verano que en invierno. Los mismos índices fueron calculados para realizar una comparación urbano-rural de la temática. Además, se estudió particularmente la distribución espacial del Humidex para la estación estival. El resultado fue que la ciudad presentó mejores condiciones de confort climático durante el invierno que el área circundante, mientras que durante la tarde y la noche del verano se presentaron áreas de poca confortabilidad en el norte y en el centro urbano.; Urban effects on regional climate also affect comfort condition modifying it at a local and microclimatic scale. There are not studies about climatic comfort in Tandil city and that is why this article main objective is to study the comfort in the city. Regional comfort conditions were analyzed by using three indexes for summer comfort and one for winter, because temperate climate cities are supposed to generate discomfort condition during summer more than winter. The same three indexes were calculated to develop a rural-urban comparison. By using data from summer measurement, the spatial distribution of the Humidex was studied. The result was that the city had best comfort conditions during winter than surrounding area, while in summer afternoon and night had discomfort in the north and center of the urban area.

Azadinium poporum from the Argentine Continental Shelf, Southwestern Atlantic, produces azaspiracid-2 and azaspiracid-2 phosphate Tillmann, Urban; Borel, Claudia Marcela; Barrera, Facundo Matías; Lara, Ruben Jose; Krock, Bernd; Almandoz, Gaston Osvaldo; Witt, Matthias; Trefault, Nicole The marine dinophycean genus Azadinium has been identified as the primary source of azaspiracids (AZA), a group of lipophilic phycotoxins known to accumulate in shellfish. Blooms of Azadinium in the southern Atlantic off Argentina have been described from the 1990s, but due to a lack of cultures, the diversity of South-Atlantic Azadinium has not yet been fully explored and their toxin production potential is completely unknown. During a spring 2010 research cruise covering the El Rinco´n (ER) estuarine system (North Patagonian coast, Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic) a search was conducted for the presence of Azadinium. Although neither Azadinium cells nor AZA in field plankton samples were detected, 10 clonal strains of Azadinium poporum were successfuly established by incubation of sediment samples. Argentinean A. poporum were more variable in size and shape than the type description but conformed to it by the presence of multiple pyrenoids with starch sheath, in plate pattern and arrangement, and in the position of the ventral pore located on the left side of the pore plate. In contrast to all previous description of A. poporum, isolates of the Argentinean A. poporum possessed a distinct field of pores on the second antapical plate. Conspecificity of the Argentinean isolates with A. poporum was confirmed by molecular phylogeny of concatenated ITS and LSU rDNA sequences, where all Argentinean isolates together with some Chinese A. poporum strains formed a well-supported ribotype clade within A. poporum. All isolates produced AZA with the same profile, consisting of AZA-2 as the major compound and, to a lesser extent, its phosphated form. This is the first report of a phosphated marine algal toxin. This first confirmation of the presence of AZA producing Azadinium in the Argentinean coastal area underlines the risk of AZA shellfish contamination episodes in the Southwestern Atlantic region.

Characterization of a double-CRD-mutated Gal-8 recombinant protein that retains co-stimulatory activity on antigen-specific T-cell response Schroeder, Matías Nicolás; Tribulatti, María Virginia; Carabelli, Julieta; André Leroux, Gwenaëlle; Caramelo, Julio Javier; Cattaneo, Valentina; Campetella, Oscar Eduardo Galectins (Gals) constitute a family of mammalian lectins with affinity for β-galactosides, characterized by the presence of conserved CRDs (carbohydrate-recognition domains). We have found previously that Gal-8, from the tandem-repeat group with two linked CRDs, exerts two separate actions on CD4(+)T-cells: antigen-independent proliferation and, at lower concentration, antigen-specific co-stimulation. Whereas proliferation can be ascribed to the pro-inflammatory role of Gal-8, the co-stimulatory activity of borderline T-cell-specific responses allows the proposal of Gal-8 as an adjuvant in vaccination. To study the relevance of glycan-lectin interaction to these T-cell activities, we generated a double-mutated protein (Gal-8mut) by replacing canonical arginine residues on each CRD, so as to abolish sugar-binding capacity. As expected, Gal-8mut was unable to bind to lactosyl-Sepharose, confirming that lactose recognition was precluded; however, preservation of lectin activity was still evident since Gal-8mut displayed haemoagglutinatory effects and binding capacity to the T-cell surface. To search for glycan affinity, a glycan microarray analysis was conducted which revealed that Gal-8mut lost most low- and intermediate-, but retained high-, affinity interactions, mainly to polylactosamines and blood group antigens. These findings were supported further by molecular modelling. Regarding biological activity, Gal-8mut was unable to induce T-cell proliferation, but efficiently co-stimulated antigen-specific responses, bothin vitroandin vivo.Therefore Gal-8mut represents a useful tool to dissect the specificities of lectin-glycan interactions underlying distinctive Gal-8 activities on T-cell biology. Moreover, given its distinguishing properties, Gal-8mut could be used to enhance borderline immune responses without the non-specific pro-inflammatory activity or other potential adverse effects.

Plasmatic Biochemical Variables Associated with Polymorphisms in the Endothelin-1 and Endothelin-1 Receptor a Genes in Hypertensive Patients: Pilot Study Lassen, Oscar; Herrera, Jimena María; Dotto, Gladys; Ojeda, Silvia; Garutti, Alicia; Bertolotto, Patricia Isolina; Tabares, Sandra; Sembaj, Adela Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, and its activity is mediated by thetype A receptor (EDNRA). This action may play a significant role in the etiology of hypertension.There are different works that shows an association between certain polymorphisms of endothelinaxis and clinical phenotype of hypertension. We describe the genetic variability +138/ex1Short Research ArticleLassen et al.; BJMMR, 11(7): 1-8, 2016; Article no.BJMMR.205202insertion/deletion (I/D) adenosine (A) in the ET-1 gene and polymorphism thymidine/cytosine (T/C)His323His in the EDNRA gene associated at the clinical variability in hypertensive patients.Study Design: Observational, transversal and analytical study.Place and Duration of Study: Hypertension Service at the Internal Medicine Department ofCórdoba Hospital, and Biochemical and Molecular Biology Department in School of Medicine,National University of Cordoba, Argentine. Patients considered hypertensive between April 2009and April 2010.Methodology: Were assessed 136 patients serum lipid profiles, renal and hepatic functions andwere taken Thoracic X-rays, electrocardiograms, and echocardiographs. DNA extracted fromcirculating leukocyte were used to analyze the polymorphisms of genes by PCR-RFLP.Results: For the polymorphisms of Receptor A from Endothelin -1 studied the presence ofcytosine homozygous genotype was less frequent in males (P = .02). For both genders, the samegenotype was associated to low plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and cholesterol levels. Thepresence of thymidine nucleotide allele correlated with plasma alkaline phosphatase activity andcholesterol levels. The Thymidine allele correlated with the degree of cardiovascular compromise(r = 0.54, P= .002). For the genetic variant in the ET-1 gene, the homozygous adenine deletionwas associated to normal plasma levels of glutamate/pyruvate transaminase enzyme activity, uricacid concentration, cholesterol, and Low Density Lipoprotein in hypertensive subjects withoutclinical risk.Conclusion: We observed a gender-specific protective effect for EDNRA gene variations, thesubjects that carried the TT genotype presented more aggressive symptomatology. These resultsshow an association between plasmatic biochemical parameters, the clinical condition, andpolymorphisms in the endothelin axis genes.

The global spectrum of plant form and function Díaz, Sandra Myrna; Kattge, Jens; Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.; Wright, Ian J.; Lavorel, Sandra; Dray, Stéphane; Reu, Björn; Kleyer, Michael; Wirth, Christian; Prentice, I. Colin; Garnier, Eric; Bönisch, Gerhard; Westoby, Mark; Poorter, Hendrik; Reich, Peter B.; Moles, Angela T.; Dickie, John; Gillison, Andrew N.; Zanne, Amy E.; Chave, Jérôme; Wright, S. Joseph; Sheremetev, Serge N.; Jactel, Hervé; Baraloto, Christopher; Cerabolini, Bruno; Pierce, Simon; Shipley, Bill; Kirkup, Donald; Casanoves, Fernando; Joswig, Julia S.; Günther, Angela; Falczuk, Valeria; Rüger, Nadja; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Gorne, Lucas Damián Earth is home to a remarkable diversity of plant forms and life histories, yet comparatively few essential trait combinationshave proved evolutionarily viable in today?s terrestrial biosphere. By analysing worldwide variation in six major traitscritical to growth, survival and reproduction within the largest sample of vascular plant species ever compiled, we foundthat occupancy of six-dimensional trait space is strongly concentrated, indicating coordination and trade-offs. Threequartersof trait variation is captured in a two-dimensional global spectrum of plant form and function. One majordimension within this plane reflects the size of whole plants and their parts; the other represents the leaf economicsspectrum, which balances leaf construction costs against growth potential. The global plant trait spectrum provides abackdrop for elucidating constraints on evolution, for functionally qualifying species and ecosystems, and for improvingmodels that predict future vegetation based on continuous variation in plant form and function.

Cumulative individual seed production in the polycarpic Caesalpinia gilliesii (Fabaceae): effects of temporal variability in floral display, plant density and pollination Calviño, Ana Alejandra; Ashworth, Lorena; Galetto, Leonardo In polycarpic species, floral display size and density of conspecific neighbours are time variable as well as their effects on pollination and fecundity. Here, we address how individual pollinator-dependent seed production responds to changes in floral display size and the density of flowering conspecific neighbours. Using path analysis, we disentangle the partial effects of floral display size, the density of flowering neighbours and pollination intensity on the total seed output of the partially self-compatible shrub Caesalpinia gilliesii during three consecutive reproductive seasons. We also modelled the effects of temporal variability in floral offer and pollination intensity (as the coefficient of variation) on cumulative seed production over the study period. Floral display size had either positive or negative effects on pollination intensity in different reproductive seasons, but conspecific density had no significant effect within each season. However, cumulative seed production increased under lower temporal variability in conspecific density. Our results suggest that, because of the dynamic nature of floral offer in a polycarpic species, the temporal changes in floral display size and density may counteract each other reducing the risk of successive pollination failures and increasing seed production over time.

Transferrin Decorated Thermoresponsive Nanogels as Magnetic Trap Devices for Circulating Tumor Cells Asadian Birjand, Mazdak; Biglione, Catalina; Bergueiro, Julian; Cappelletti, Ariel Leonardo; Rahane, Chinmay; Chate, Govind; Khandare, Jayant; Klemke, Bastian; Strumia, Miriam Cristina; Calderon, Marcelo A rational design of magnetic capturing nanodevices, based on a specifi c interaction withcirculating tumor cells (CTCs), can advance the capturing effi ciency and initiate the developmentof modern smart nanoformulations for rapid isolation and detection of these CTCsfrom the bloodstream. Therefore, the development and evaluation of magnetic nanogels(MNGs) based on magnetic nanoparticles and linear thermoresponsive polyglycerol forthe capturing of CTCs with overexpressed transferrin (Tf + )receptors has been presented in this study. The MNGs aresynthesized using a strain-promoted ?click? approachwhich has allowed the in situ surface decoration withTf?polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands of three different PEGchain lengths as targeting ligands. An optimal value ofaround 30% of cells captures is achieved with a linker ofeight ethylene glycol units. This study shows the potentialof MNGs for the capture of CTCs and the necessity of precisecontrol over the linkage of the targeting moiety to thecapturing device.

The macrophytes Potamogeton pusillus L. and Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. as potential bioindicators of a river contaminated by heavy metals Harguinteguy, Carlos Alfredo; Cofré, María Noelia; Fernandez Cirelli, Alicia; Pignata, Maria Luisa To evaluate the Myriophyllum aquaticum and Potamogeton pusillus macrophytes as indicator organisms of heavy metal pollution in biomonitoring studies of the aquatic ecosystem, the aim of this studywas to determine the Co,Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn accumulation in leaves of the those species and the possible relationship to water pollution by thesemetals. Surfacewater, sediment and plantswere collected at 10 sampling sites of the Ctalamochitariver (Argentina). Cooper and Pb concentrations exceeded the limits established for the protection of aquatic life defined by Argentina Legislation (Cu: 2.0 μgL−1, Pb: 2.0 μgL−1) and international norms (Cu: 1.6 μgL−1, Pb: 2.5 μgL−1) in surface water, while Cu and Zn exceeded the limit for ecological screening levels (Cu: 31.6 mgkg−1, Zn: 121.0 mgkg−1) in sediment. Heavy metal concentrationswere found to be higher downstream of Río Tercero city in water and sediments samples, probably related to the contribution of pollutants from the effluent discharge of the city. Both species revealed a high capacity to accumulate heavy metals in its tissues, in areas of the river with higher heavy metals values in the abiotic compartments. Particularly, high accumulation of Co, Cu, Ni and Zn in P. pusillus correlatedwith their concentrations in sediments and Co, Cu, Mnand Zn accumulation in M. aquaticum correlated with the concentrations of these metals in water. These macrophytes reflect spatialvariations of metals in water and sediments of the Ctalamochita river; therefore they are of potential use as heavy metal bioindicators of river pollution.

Improvements in the Beckmann rearrangement process by using highly selective mesoporous catalysts Vaschetto, Eliana Gabriela; Casuscelli, Sandra Graciela; Eimer, Griselda Alejandra The Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime (CHO) into e-Caprolactam (e-C) at 300e380 C and W/F ¼ 1e60 gh/mol over a Al-MCM-41 catalyst was studied in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. Different reaction conditions as well as the nature of the solvents employed in the feed were evaluated. The e-C was the main product on the whole reaction conditions, but temperatures above 360 C favored its decomposition. A reaction pathway was proposed in order to explain the results obtained at 360 C. The stability and the possibility of recycling of the catalyst were checked by XRD, N2 adsorption, FTIR, pyridine adsorption coupled with FTIR and catalytic activity tests. Thus, the catalyst could be used during 3600 min and then recovered and reused three times without significant changes in the active species, catalytic activity and e-C yield. In addition, a modification in the operating conditions, which consisted in pretreating the catalyst with 1-hexanol, allowed to improve the yield to caprolactam by blocking the terminal silanols responsible of the byproduct formation. Thus, the better catalytic performance was observed at 350 C and W/F ¼ 40 gh/mol, immediately after a catalyst pretreatment with 1-hexanol during 3 h with 1-hexanol, which was also used as reaction solvent. Such conditions allowed us to achieve a high CHO conversion (95%) with a e-C selectivity of around 100%, improving thus results previously reported.

S-nitrosylation of NF-κB p65 inhibits TSH-induced Na+/I- symporter expression Nicola, Juan Pablo; Peyret, Victoria; Nazar, Magalí; Romero, Jorge Miguel; Lucero, Ariel Maximiliano; Montesinos, Maria del Mar; Bocco, Jose Luis; Pellizas, Claudia Gabriela; Masini Repiso, Ana María Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule involved in a wide variety of cellular physiological processes. In thyroid cells, NO-synthase III-endogenously produced NO reduces TSH-stimulatedthyroid-specificgene expression, suggesting a potential autocrine role of NO in modulating thyroid function. Further studies indicate that NO induces thyroid dedifferentiation, because NO donors repress TSH-stimulated iodide (I-) uptake. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the NO-inhibited Na+/I- symporter (NIS)-mediated I- uptake in thyroid cells. We showed that NO donors reduce I- uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, which correlates with decreased NIS protein expression. NO-reduced I- uptake results from transcriptional repression of NIS gene ratherthan posttranslational modifications reducing functional NIS expression at the plasma membrane. We observed that NO donors repress TSH-induced NIS gene expression by reducing the transcriptional activity of the nuclear factor-κB subunit p65. NO-promoted p65 S-nitrosylation reduces p65-mediated transactivation of the NIS promoter in response to TSH stimulation. Overall, our data are consistent with the notion that NO plays a role as an inhibitory signal to counterbalance TSH-stimulated nuclear factor-κB activation, thus modulating thyroid hormone biosynthesis.

Los docentes de nivel secundario de jóvenes y adultos frente a la inclusión educativa; Young people and Adults´ Secondary School Teachers facing Educational Inclusion Maselli, María Angelina; Molina, Maria Mercedes; Pimenides, Ana Cecilia El artículo se plantea el objetivo de analizar las representaciones sociales de los docentes acerca de los procesos de inclusión educativa en el nivel secundario de jóvenes y adultos. Esta modalidad se ha construido sobre la base de la inclusión de sectores que fueron excluidos de la posibilidad de ejercer el derecho a educarse. Los modos en que los docentes significan la inclusión es lo que se desea conocer, a través del marco conceptual que ofrece la teoría de las representaciones sociales. La metodología combinó estrategias cualitativas y cuantitativas de recolección de datos. Los hallazgos conducen a afirmar que las representaciones sociales de los docentes son complejas y se encuentran atravesadas por concepciones contradictorias. Existe confianza en las posibilidades de transformación y mejoramiento de las oportunidades de vida que ofrece la educación, al tiempo que subyacen nociones propias de un posicionamiento más cercano al reproductivismo escolar y la perspectiva meritocrática.; The article aims to analyze the social representations of teachers about the processes of educational inclusion in secondary education for youth and adults. This approach is built on the basis of the inclusion of sectors that were excluded from the possibility of exercising the right to education. The ways in which teachers give meaning to inclusion is what we want to know, through the conceptual framework provided by the theory of social representations. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative data collection strategies. The findings lead to affirm that social representations of teachers are complex and are traversed by contradictory conceptions. There is confidence in the possibilities of transforming and improving life opportunities offered by education, while underlying characteristics of a school closer to reproductivism positioning notions and meritocratic perspective.

Evaluación psicométrica y estudio de fiabilidad del cuestionario general de salud (GHQ-12) en consultantes adultos del primer nivel de atención en Córdoba, Argentina; Psychometric properties and reliability of the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) for adult patients in primary care centers in Córdoba, Argentina Burrone, Maria Soledad; Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel; Susser, Leah; Lucchese, Marcela; Enders, Julio Enrique; Alvarado, Rubén; Valencia, Eliecer; Fernandez, Alicia Ruth El Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-12) es uno de los instrumentos de tamizaje más utilizado para valorar los niveles de salud mental de la población. Sin embargo, no hay suficiente información sobre las propiedades psicométricas y fiabilidad del GHQ-12 para su uso en Argentina, y específicamente en la ciudad de Córdoba. Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas y la fiabilidad del GHQ-12 en consultantes adultos del primer nivel de atención en Córdoba, Argentina. Método: Estudio de diseño de corte transversal. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico en consultantes de los centros de salud de la ciudad de Córdoba. El instrumento aplicado fue la versión en español del GHQ-12. Se realizó una adaptación semántica del GHQ-12 y se analizó la consistencia interna, la validez de constructo y se llevó a cabo un análisis de factores. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 854 consultantes del primer nivel de atención. El cuestionario tuvo una buena consistencia interna, con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,80. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y sugirió un modelo de dos factores para el GHQ-12, la estructura factorial fue similar al cuestionario original. Conclusiones: El GHQ-12 mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas y de fiabilidad en la población estudiada.; Objective: To assess the psychometric properties and reliability of GHQ-12 in adult consultants of primary care in Cordoba, Argentina. Methods: Using probabilistic sampling in primary care centers in the city of Cordoba, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The Spanish version of the GHQ-12 was administered. The psychometric properties, including internal consistency and factor structure, for the Spanish version of the GHQ-12 were measured. Results: 854 primary care consultants were included in the study. The questionnaire had high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a two-factor model, similar to what has been reported for the original questionnaire. Conclusions: The GHQ-12 showed good psychometric properties and reliability in the studied population.

"Preparativos de guerra": Ejército, doctrina antisubversiva y planes represivos en los orígenes del terror de Estado, 1973-1976; «Preparations for War»: Army, Counterinsurgency Doctrine an Represive Plans in the Origins of State Terror in Argentina, 1973-1976 Pontoriero, Esteban Damián Este artículo estudia el desarrollo del enfoque antisubversivo de la seguridad interna en el Ejército argentino durante el período 1973-1976. En primer lugar, se explora la caracterización de la amenaza interna realizada por los militares a partir del análisis del concepto de “subversión” y de la percepción castrense de estar librando una guerra interna. En segundo lugar, se estudian las medidas elaboradas y los cursos de acción propuestos por el Ejército para hacer frente al “enemigo interno”. Se reconstruyen así las bases doctrinarias y operativas que sentaron las líneas matrices de la intervención militar en acciones de mantenimiento del orden y de represión interna entre 1973 y 1976.; This article studies the development of a counter-subversive approach to internal security in the Argentine Army during the period 1973-1976. By analyzing the concept of “subversion” and the military perception on being waging an internal war, it first explores the characterization of the internal threat made by the military. It studies then, in second place, the measures elaborated and the courses of action proposed by the Army in order to deal with the “enemy within”. This article reconstructs the doctrinal and operational basis that defined the internal military repression between 1973 and 1976.

Paraheliotropismo en hojas de Jarilla Norte-Sur (Larrea cuneifolia Cav.). Diaz, Sandra Mabel; Mangione, Antonio Marcelo El paraheliotropismo es un tipo de movimiento que reduce la intercepción lumínica de la lámina foliar. Está asociado a condiciones de estrés hídrico y a especies vegetales de ambientes áridos. Larrea cuneifolia (jarilla norte-sur) posee las hojas orientadas con su superficie perpendicular al suelo y las caras adaxial y abaxial orientadas de Este a Oeste y un eje longitudinal orientado Norte a Sur. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron evaluar el patrón de orientación de las hojas de Larrea cuneifolia y si este se debe a un fenómeno de fototropismo, si es reversible y si existen cambios en la orientación natural de la jarilla a lo largo del año. Proponemos que al desorientar experimentalmente las hojas de L. cuneifolia, éstas vuelven a su orientación natural. Se tomaron como línea de base 480 medidas de orientación foliar de individuos de Larrea cuneifolia, en tres diferentes épocas del año: invierno, otoño y verano. Simultáneamente, se sometieron 70 plantas a los siguientes tratamientos: fronde doblado hacia el este (FDE), fronde doblado hacia el oeste (FDO), rotado 90º del norte hacia el este (R90NE), rotado 90º del norte hacia el oeste (R90NO), rotado 180º (R180) y dos controles: uno con prensa (C+) ? dispositivo utilizado para forzar la orientación ? y otro sin prensa (C-). Las experiencias se llevaron a cabo en el Parque Nacional Sierra de las Quijadas, Argentina. La orientación de las hojas difirió entre estaciones del año. Las plantas que fueron desorientadas 90 grados (R90NE y R90NO) a los 155 días fueron los únicos tratamientos que sufrieron reorientación alcanzando un promedio de 20 grados del norte. No hubo diferencias en los otros tratamientos a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados demuestran una reversibilidad en la orientación de las hojas de L. cuneifolia, compatible con paraheliotropismo.; Paraheliotropism is a type of movement that reduces light interception of leaf blade. It is associated with water stress and with plant species from arid environments. Larrea cuneifolia (creosote bush north-south) has leaf blades oriented with its axis perpendicular to the ground surface and the adaxial and abaxial sides oriented from east to west and a longitudinal axis oriented north to south. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the pattern of orientation of the leaves of Larrea cuneifolia and if this is due to phototropism, if it is reversible and if there are changes in the natural orientation of the jarilla throughout the year. We proposed that if we experimentally disorient leaves of L. cuneifolia, leaves will return to their natural orientation. As a baseline, measurements of foliar orientation of 480 plants of L. cuneifolia in three different seasons: winter, fall and summer were taken. Simultaneously, 70 plants were subjected to the following treatments: frond bent eastward (FBE), frond bent westward (FBW), rotated 90 degrees to the north east (R90NE), rotated 90 degrees to the north west (R90NW), rotated 180 ° (R180) and two controls: one press (C +) - a device used to force the orientation and one without press (C-). The experiments were carried out in the Sierra de las Quijadas National Park, Argentina. The orientation of the leaves differs between seasons. Plants disoriented 90 degrees (R90NE and R90NW) were the only treatments that suffered reorientation averaging 20 degrees north after 155 days. There were no differences in the other treatments along time. Results show that this procces is reversible for leaves of L. cuneifolia and it is compatible with paraheliotropism.

Explicit solutions for a non-classical heat conduction problem for a semi-infinite strip with a non-uniform heat source Ceretani, Andrea Noemí; Tarzia, Domingo Alberto; Villa Saravia, Luis Tadeo A non-classical initial and boundary value problem for a non-homogeneous one-dimensional heat equation for a semi-infinite material with a zero temperature boundary condition is studied. It is not a standard heat conduction problem because a non-uniform heat source dependent on the heat flux at the boundary is considered. The purpose of this article is to find explicit solutions and analyze how to control their asymptotic temporal behavior through the source term. Explicit solutions independent of the space or temporal variables, solutions with separated variables and solutions by an integral representation depending on the heat flux at the boundary are given. The controlling effects of the source term are analyzed by comparing the asymptotic temporal behavior of solutions corresponding to the same problem with and without source term. Finally, a relationship between the problem considered here with another non-classical problem for the heat equation is established, and explicit solutions for this second problem are also obtained. In this article, we give explicit solutions and analyze how to control them through the source term for several non-classical heat equation problems. In addition, our results enable us to compute the asymptotic temporal behavior of the heat flux at the boundary for each explicit solution obtained. As a consequence of our study, several solved non-classical problems for the heat equation that can be used for testing new numerical methods are given.

Fortalecimiento de la responsabilidad ciudadana en prevención de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos y zoonosis Blajman, Jesica; Astesana, Diego Martín; Romero Scharpen, Analía; Kabaradjian, Surpik; Berisvil, Ayelén Patricia; Zimmermann, Jorge Alberto; Rossler, Eugenia; Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian; Signorini, Marcelo; Martí, Luis Enrique; Sequeira, Gabriel Jorge; Rosmini, Marcelo Raul; Zbrun, María Virginia Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos (ETAs), constituye un problema de Salud Pública creciente en todo el mundo. Si bien muchas de las ETAs son a su vez zoonosis, existe un número importante de zoonosis que no lo son y que ocasionan serios problemas de salud. Antes de elaborar estrategias tendientes a reducir la incidencia de las ETAs y zoonosis, resulta imprescindible evluar el grado de conocimiento que tiene el segmento de la población mas receptivo a tener cambios positivos de ámbitos y conductas: los niños. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar el grado de conocimiento de ETAs y zoonosis que presentaban los niños de séptimo grado de escuelas primarias de comunidades pequeñas e intermedias de la provincia de Santa Fe, promover en los estudiantes una actitud responsable respecto del cuidado de su salud y desarrollar un instrumento que pudiera servir como complemento a los programas educativos ya establecidos por el ministerio de educación. Aproximadamente la mitad de los estudiantes (56,1%) no conocía el significado de la palabra zoonosis. Así mismo, mas del 90% de los encuestados no pudo identificar las estrategias con las que el médico veterinario cuenta para inculcar criterios de salud en la comunidad. Por lo expuesto anteriormente a través de un proyecto de extensión que incluyo actividades educativas y formativas, se busco articular los conceptos generales y particulares de prevención de ETAs y zoonosis recuperando a la escuela como espacio ideal para la generación de cambios futuros y a los docentes como agentes de cambio social.