Melatonin may curtail the metabolic syndrome: studies on initial and fully established fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats Cardinali, Daniel Pedro; Scacchi Bernasconi, Pablo Antonio; Reynoso, Roxana María; Reyes Toso, Carlos Felipe; Scacchi, Pablo To examine the effect of melatonin given to rats simultaneously with fructose on initial and fully developed metabolic syndrome, male Wistar rats had free access to chow and 5% or 10% fructose drinking solution for 8 weeks. As compared to controls, systolic blood pressure augmented significantly under both treatments whereas excessive body weight was seen in rats receiving the 10% fructose only. Rats drinking 5% fructose showed a greater tolerance to a glucose load while rats having access to a 10% fructose drinking solution exhibited the expected impaired glucose tolerance found in the metabolic syndrome. Circulating triglyceride and low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-c) concentration augmented significantly in rats showing a fully developed metabolic syndrome only, while high blood cholesterol levels were found at both stages examined. Melatonin (25 μg/mL drinking solution) counteracted the changes in body weight and systolic blood pressure found in rats administered with fructose. Melatonin decreased the abnormal hyperglycemia seen after a glucose load in 10% fructose-treated rats but it did not modify the greater tolerance to glucose observed in animals drinking 5% fructose. Melatonin also counteracted the changes in plasma LDL-c, triglyceride and cholesterol levels and decreased plasma uric acid levels. The results underline a possible therapeutical role of melatonin in the metabolic syndrome, both at initial and established phases.

Collaborater for a car-like vehicle driven by a user with visual inattention Chavez, D.; Slawiñski, Emanuel; Mut, Vicente Antonio This paper proposes a control system applied to a car-like vehicle driven by a user. The controller is designed to mitigate the negative effects produced by possible visual distractions of this user. In addition, the paper proposes to evaluate the user?s visual distraction, defining a vector that has two components: one with respect to the path and the other with respect to the obstacles. These elements can be computed on-line and are associated with two time delays that produce a similar effect of instability on the motion of the vehicle. The proposed scheme considers the distraction in the design through such delays. Finally, experiments using a car simulator are carried out.

New records of species of the family Rhopalidae (Heteroptera) in the province of La Pampa (Argentina) Pall, José Luis María; Quirán, Estela Maris; Coscarón, María del Carmen At the global level are 18 genera that constitute Rhopalidae family in our country are only 5 genera, of which 3 are provided in this contribution to the province of La Pampa. The material comes from the entomological collection of the Museum of La Plata (Argentina) and campaigns conducted by the authors in the province of La Pampa.

New insights into the biogeography of south-western Europe: spatial patterns from vascular plants using cluster analysis and parsimony Moreno Saiz, Juan Carlos; Donato, Mariano Humberto; Katinas, Liliana; Crisci, Jorge Victor; Posadas, Paula Elena Aim: We analysed the distributional pattern of the vascular flora of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic archipelago using cluster and parsimony methods to delineate a biogeographical scheme for south-western Europe and to compare the results with previous regionalizations. Additionally, we aim to identify areas of endemism. Location: South-western Europe (Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands). Methods: Pattern analysis of a chorological dataset, consisting of the occurrences of 3041 vascular plant species in each of the 50 km × 50 km UTM cells of a grid covering Iberia and the Balearic Islands, was based on cluster analysis (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages; UPGMA) and parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE). The Jaccard similarity index was used in the UPGMA, and the set of most parsimonious trees from the PAE were summarized in a 75% majority consensus tree. Results: The UPGMA dendrogram delineated two main branches in the study region: (1) an eastern area of six sectors including the Balearic Islands plus those regions of Iberia with basic substrates, and (2) a western area with three sectors comprising the regions with acidic soils. The majority rule consensus tree of 53 most parsimonious trees from PAE showed eight main clades similarly separating eastern Iberia plus the Balearic Islands with their basic substrates, from western Iberia with its acidic and basic substrates; in addition the PAE tree showed some previously undetected chorological patterns. Main conclusions: The use of large and inclusive datasets allows for the recognition of different spatial patterns from those obtained using a limited number of endemic or indicator species. The analyses support some floristic regions previously recognized for Iberia, but not the classic Eurosiberian–Mediterranean division, and some transition territories. Our recognition of 19 areas of endemism consisting of two or more cells and 60 consisting of one cell in south-western Europe is new.

Postcranial skeleton of Cricosaurus araucanensis (Crocodyliformes: Thalattosuchia): morphology and palaeobiological insights Herrera, Laura Yanina; Fernández, Marta Susana; Brandoni, Zulma Nelida The metriorhynchid crocodyliform Cricosaurus araucanensis (Gasparini & Dellapé) has been documented from Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) strata of the Vaca Muerta Formation exposed in the Neuquén Basin, northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Postcranial components of this species were mentioned but not described in the original analysis. Subsequently, other authors described the forelimbs. The postcranial elements of metriorhynchids are poorly documented in comparison with their skulls, but new data from C. araucanensis reveal delayed ossification of the caudal neurocentral sutures indicating skeletal paedomorphosis affecting not only the appendicular skeleton but also the posterior region of the vertebral column. The morphology of the caudal region (transverse processes of the first caudal vertebrae ventrally deflected) and the reduction in the femur of the fourth trochanter suggest a reduction of the hypaxial musculature allowing increased epaxial musculature. This pattern of musculoskeletal arrangement is consistent with the swimming style and propulsion by lateral undulation of the tail, as proposed by previous authors.

Preferences for mode of delivery in nulliparous Argentinean women: a qualitative study Liu, Nancy H.; Mazzoni, Agustina; Zamberlin, Nina; Colomar, Mercedes; Chang, Olivia H.; Arnaud, Lila; Althabe, Fernando; Belizan, Jose BACKGROUND: Over the last three decades, cesarean section (CS) rates have been rising around the world despite no associated improvement in maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The role of women's preferences for mode of delivery in contributing to the high CS rate remains controversial; however these preferences are difficult to assess, as they are influenced by culture, knowledge of risk and benefits, and personal and social factors. In this qualitative study, our objective was to understand women's preferences and motivational factors for mode of delivery. This information will inform the development and design of an assessment aimed at understanding the role of the women's preferences for mode of delivery. METHODS: We conducted 4 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 12 in-depth interviews with pregnant women in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 4 large non-public and public hospitals. Our sample included 29 nulliparous pregnant women aged 18-35 years old, with single pregnancies over 32 weeks of gestational age, without pregnancies resulting from assisted fertility, without known pre-existing medical illness or diseases diagnosed during pregnancy, without an indication of elective cesarean section, and who are not health professionals. FGDs and interviews followed a pre-designed guide based on the health belief model and social cognitive theory of health decisions and behaviors. RESULTS: Most of the women preferred vaginal delivery (VD) due to cultural, personal, and social factors. VD was viewed as normal, healthy, and a natural rite of passage from womanhood to motherhood. Pain associated with vaginal delivery was viewed positively. In contrast, women viewed CS as a medical decision and often deferred decisions to medical staff in the presence of medical indication. CONCLUSIONS: These findings converge with quantitative and qualitative studies showing that women prefer towards VD for various cultural, personal and social reasons. Actual CS rates appear to diverge from women's preferences and reasons are discussed.

The potential role of epigenetics on multipotent cell differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells Yannarelli, Gustavo Gabriel; Pacienza, Natalia Alejandra; Cuniberti, Luis Alberto; Medin, Jeffrey; Davies, John; Keating, Armand Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) are a readily available source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cell therapy. We were interested in understanding how differences from human bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs might yield insights into MSC biology. We found that HUCPVCs exhibited increased telomerase activity and longer telomeres compared with BM-MSCs. We also observed enhanced expression of the pluripotency factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in HUCPVCs. The methylation of OCT4 and NANOG promoters was similar in both cell types, indicating that differences in the expression of pluripotency factors between the MSCs were not associated with epigenetic changes. MSC methylation at these loci is greater than reported for embryonic stem cells but less than in dermal fibroblasts, suggesting that multipotentiality of MSCs is epigenetically restricted. These results are consistent with the notion that the MSC population (whether BM- or HUCPV-derived) exhibits higher proliferative capacity and contains more progenitor cells than do dermal fibroblasts.

Mapping perpetrator prosecutions in Latin America Collins, Cath; Balardini, Lorena Soledad; Burt, Jo Marie This collaborative article examines how two academic institutions and one nongovernmental organization cooperated to map recent trial activity for past human rights violations, applying social science techniques to assist survivors’ and relatives’ groups as well as litigators in making informed strategic choices in their interactions with the formal justice system. The article discusses how methodologically rigorous data collection and data requests to public bodies can be used to advance a proaccountability agenda. The authors show how a range of civil society and state actors have changed justice system outcomes in Argentina, Chile and Peru and highlight some lessons learned about engaged, policy-relevant research.

Water state and carbonyl distribution populations in confined regions of lipid bilayers observed by FTIR spectroscopy Disalvo, Edgardo Anibal; Frías, María de los Ángeles It has been suggested that water in confined regions presents different properties than bulk water, mainly because of the changes in water population species that may be induced by the adjacent walls of different polarities in terms of hydrogen bond formation. In this context, it would be expected that lipids in the gel and the fluid states should offer different templates for water organization. The presence of water pockets or defects in lipid bilayers has been proposed to explain the insertion of charged and polar peptides and amino acids in membranes. In this work, we provide direct evidence by means of FTIR spectroscopy that water band profiles are changed whether lipids are in the solid state, in the gel state after heating and cooling across the phase transition, or in the fluid state. The different bands found in each case were assigned to different H-bonded water populations in agreement with the exposure of carbonyl groups.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bromelia hieronymi: Comparison with Bromelain Errasti, María Eugenia; Caffini, Nestor Oscar; Pelzer, Lilian Eugenia; Rotelli, Alejandra Ester Some plant proteases (e. g., papain, bromelain, ficin) have been used as anti-inflammatory agents for some years, and especially bromelain is still being used as alternative and/or complementary therapy to glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal antirheumatics, and immunomodulators. Bromelain is an extract rich in cysteine endopeptidases obtained from Ananas comosus. In this study the anti-inflammatory action of a partially purified extract of Bromelia hieronymi fruits, whose main components are cysteine endopeptidases, is presented. Different doses of a partially purified extract of B. hieronymi were assayed on carrageenan-induced and serotonine-induced rat paw edema, as well as in cotton pellet granuloma model. Doses with equal proteolytic activity of the partially purified extract and bromelain showed significantly similar anti-inflammatory responses. Treatment of the partially purified extract and bromelain with E-64 provoked loss of anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced paw edema, a fact which is consistent with the hypothesis that the proteolytic activity would be responsible for the anti-inflammatory action.

Paleogene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy for two boreholes in the eastern Austral Basin, Patagonia, Argentina; Nanofósiles calcáreos paleógenos y biostratigrafía para dos pozos en el este de la Cuenca Austral, Patagonia, Argentina Perez Panera, Juan Pablo Calcareous nannofossils from two boreholes (Campo Bola and Sur Río Chico) in the subsurface of eastern Austral Basin, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, allowed the identification of Early to Middle Paleocene, Early to Middle Eocene and Late Eocene to Early Oligocene assemblages. These assemblages match the formations logged in the boreholes Campo Bola, Man Aike and Río Leona respectively, and represent three paleogene sedimentary cycles within the basin. These results permitted the reinterpretation of previous data from an adjacent borehole (Cerro Redondo). The southern boreholes (Cerro Redondo and Sur Río Chico) yield an Early to Middle Paleocene calcareous nannofossil assemblage and an almost continuous record of nannofossils from Early Eocene to Early Oligocene. A discontinuity is interpreted by the absence of Late Paleocene assemblages. The northern borehole (Campo Bola) yield only late Early Eocene to Early Oligocene assemblages. The data also indicates that the Paleogene beds unconformably overlie Upper Cretaceous strata; Nanofósiles calcáreos paleógenos y biostratigrafía para dos pozos en el este de la Cuenca Austral, Patagonia, Argentina. El estudio de los nanofósiles calcáreos recuperados en muestras de subsuelo de dos pozos de exploración (Campo Bola y Sur Río Chico) en el este de la Cuenca Austral, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina, permitió reconocer asociaciones del Paleoceno Temprano a Medio, Eoceno Temprano a Medio y Eoceno Tardío a Oligoceno Temprano. Estas asociaciones son coincidentes con las formaciones atravesadas en los sondeos hechos en Campo Bola, Man Aike y Río Leona, respectivamente, y representan tres ciclos sedimentarios paleógenos dentro de la cuenca. Estos resultados permitieron la reinterpretación de datos previos de un pozo adyacente (Cerro Redondo). Los pozos ubicados al sur (Cerro Redondo y Sur Río Chico) contienen asociaciones de nanofósiles calcáreos del Paleoceno Temprano a Medio y un registro prácticamente continuo de nanofósiles del Eoceno Temprano al Oligoceno Temprano. Se interpreta una discontinuidad por ausencia de asociaciones del Paleoceno Tardío. El pozo ubicado más al norte (Campo Bola) contiene solo asociaciones del Eoceno Temprano tardío al Oligoceno Temprano.

Effects of iron polymaltose complex, ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulfate treatments in anemic pregnant rats, their fetuses and placentas Toblli, Jorge Eduardo; Cao, Gabriel Fernando; Oliveri, Leda María; Angerosa, Margarita Although oral iron preparations are widely prescribed to prevent and to treat iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy, comparative data on their effects to the mother, fetus and placenta are limited. In this study, the effects of oral iron polymaltose complex (IPC), ferrous fumarate (FF) and ferrous sulfate (FS) were compared in anemic pregnant rats, their fetuses and placentas. Hematological variables and oxidative stress markers in the liver, heart and kidneys of the dams and fetuses as well as the markers for oxidative stress, inflammation and hypoxia in placentas were assessed. Pregnancy outcome was measured by number of fetuses, and by neonate and placental weight. All therapies were comparably effective in correcting anemia. FS and FF, but not IPC, resulted in liver damage in dams and oxidative stress in dams, fetuses and placentas. FS group presented the highest catalase and GPx levels in dams, fetuses and placentas. IPC, but not FF or FS, restored normal TNF-α and IL6 expression levels in placentas whereas FS-treated animals presented the highest cytokine levels, suggesting a local inflammatory reaction. Anemia-induced high levels of HIF-1α were partially lowered by IPC and FF but further elevated by FS. Most of the negative effects associated with IDA were resolved by IPC treatment. Especially FS treatment was found to elicit hepatic damage in the dams, oxidative stress in the dams, fetuses and placenta as well as inflammation and high levels of HIF-1α in the placenta. Pregnancy outcome of FFand FS-treated animals was worse than that of IPC-treated animals.

Violencia, memoria, justicia: una entrevista a Pilar Calveiro Lazzara, Michael; Olivera Williams, María Rosa; Szurmuk, Mónica A fines de mayo de 2012, Pilar Calveiro visitó la Universidad de California, Davis en el marco de un seminario de posgrado titulado "Estudios de la memoria direcciones críticas", ofrecido en colaboración con la profesora Marta Cabrera y los estudiantes de la maestría en Estudios Culturales de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, Colombia. La entrevista fue dirigida desde Davis y contó con la participación de Michael J. Lazzara (UC Davis), María Rosa Olivera-Williams (Universidad de Notre Dame) y Mónica Szurmuk (Universidad de Buenos Aires). Cada entrevistador se ocupó de un área temática central de la obra de la profesora Calveiro.

Control predictivo para seguimiento de sistemas no lineales. Aplicación a una planta piloto. Ferramosca, Antonio; Gruber, J. K.; Limon, D.; Camacho, E.F. Este artículo trata el problema del diseño de un controlador predictivo para seguimiento de referencias cambiantes, en el caso de sistemas no lineales. Los controladores predictivos proveen leyes de control adecuadas para regular sistemas lineales o no lineales a un punto de equilibrio dado garantizando la satisfacción de restricciones y la estabilidad asintótica. Pero si este punto
de equilibrio cambia, el controlador podría perder la estabilidad o incluso la factibilidad y por lo tanto sería incapaz de seguir la referencia deseada. En (Ferramosca et al., 2009a) se ha propuesto un controlador predictivo para seguimiento de referencias capaz de garantizar factibilidad y convergencia al punto de equilibrio a pesar de los cambios que este pueda sufrir. En este artículo, este controlador se utiliza para controlar en tiempo real una planta piloto de procesos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el controlador predictivo para seguimiento es capaz de controlar plantas con dinámicas no lineales y restricciones. El experimento demuestra cómo el controlador garantiza estabilidad, factibilidad y convergencia también en caso de referencias no alcanzables.; This paper deals with the tracking problem for constrained nonlinear systems using a model predictive control (MPC) law. MPC provides a control law suitable for regulating constrained linear and nonlinear systems to a given target steady state. However, when the target operating point changes, the feasibility of the controller may be lost and the controller fails to track the reference. Recently, a novel MPC for tracking constrained nonlinear systems has been presented (Ferramosca et al., 2009a). This is capable to steer the system to any reference, even in the case of changing references. In this paper, this controller is used for the real-time control of a chemical pilot plant. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the MPC for tracking is suitable for the control of plants with nonlinear dynamics since it ensures stability and offset-free convergence in case of large changes in the reference even using short prediction horizons. Besides, in case of unreachable set points, the controller steers the system to the closest reachable equilibrium point.

Nutritional and phytochemical study of Ilex paraguariensis fruits Cogoi, Laura Carolina; Giacomino, M. Silvia; Pellegrino, Nestor; Anesini, Claudia Alejandra; Filip, Rosana Yerba mate is defined as the product constituted by the dried, slightly roasted, and milled leaves of Ilex paraguariensis. However, the fruits of this species are often found in the commercial product. Nowadays the fruits are considered a byproduct. The objective of this work was to obtain the preliminary data of minerals, lipids, methylxanthines and polyphenols in the ripe fruits of I. paraguariensis. The results showed a considerable amount of total dietary fiber ( g/100 g) and nutritionally valuable minerals: potassium ( mg/100 g), iron ( mg/100 g), magnesium ( mg/100 g), calcium ( mg/100 g), copper ( mg/100 g), zinc ( mg/100 g), and sodium ( mg/100 g). The lipid content was 4.5 g/100 g. Oleic acid was the predominant unsaturated fatty acid ( g/100 g). Linoleic acid ( g/100 g) was also present. Methylxanthines were quantified: caffeine () and theobromine () g/100 g. The total polyphenol content was  g/100 g. The results obtained in this work suggest the potential value of the fruits of I. paraguariensis for the development of novel products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This paper aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge of a natural by-product from industry regarding the need of foods and medicines for the new millennium.

Association of monthly frequencies of diverse diseases in the calls to the public emergency service of the city of Buenos Aires during 1999–2004 with meteorological variables and seasons Alexander, Pedro Manfredo This work aims to study associations between monthly averages of meteorological variables and monthly frequencies of diverse diseases in the calls to the public ambulance emergency service of the city of Buenos Aires during the years 1999–2004. Throughout this time period no changes were made in the classification codes of the illnesses. Heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiopulmonary arrest, angina pectoris, psychiatric diseases, stroke, transient ischemic attack, syncope and the total number of calls were analyzed against 11 weather variables and the four seasons. All illnesses exhibited some seasonal behavior, except cardiorespiratory arrest and angina pectoris. The largest frequencies of illnesses that exhibited some association with the meteorological variables used to occur in winter, except the psychiatric cases. Heart failure, stroke, psychiatric diseases and the total number of calls showed significant correlations with the 11 meteorological variables considered, and the largest indices (absolute values above 0.6) were found for the former two pathologies. On the other side, cardiorespiratory arrest and angina pectoris revealed no significant correlations and nearly null indices. Variables associated with temperature were the meteorological proxies with the largest correlations against diseases. Pressure and humidity mostly exhibited positive correlations, which is the opposite of variables related to temperature. Contrary to all other diseases, psychiatric pathologies showed a clear predominance of positive correlations. Finally, the association degree of the medical dataset with recurrent patterns was further evaluated through Fourier analysis, to assess the presence of statistically significant behavior. In the Northern Hemisphere high morbidity and mortality rates in December are usually assigned to diverse factors in relation to the holidays, but such an effect is not observed in the present analysis. There seems to be no clearly preferred meteorological proxy among the different types of temperatures used. It is shown that the amount of occurrences depends mainly on season rather on its strength quantified by temperature.

Adlayers of Alkanedithiols on Au(111): effect of disulfide reducing agent Cometto, Fernando Pablo; Ruano Sandoval, Gustavo Daniel; Ascolani, Hugo del Lujan; Zampieri, Guillermo Enrique High-resolution photoemission spectroscopy is used to characterize adlayers of ethane-, hexane-, and nonanedithiol molecules grown on Au(111) surfaces by the immersion method. The effect of using a reducing agent during and after the immersion to inhibit or eliminate S–S bonds is investigated. Our results demonstrate that immersion 24 h in millimolar dithiol ethanolic solutions gives rise to the formation of multilayers; this effect is more pronounced in the case of ethanedithiol, the shortest molecule. A post-treatment with a disulfide reducing agent is effective to produce monolayers of standing-up molecules; this effect is again more pronounced in the case of ethanedithiol. Finally, the immersion 24 h in a solution containing dithiol and the reducing agent gives an unexpected result: most molecules remain adsorbed in the lying-down configuration; in this case, the almost complete suppression of the standing-up phase occurs equally with the three types of molecules, which suggests that the formation of S–S bonds must be important for the lifting of the molecules.

Memoria, proliferación y fama en la Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España Añon, Valeria La memoria como tema y como tópico ha sido una de las principales preocupaciones de la crítica en relación con las crónicas de la conquista de México (y las crónicas de Indias en general). Su mención incluye la tensión entre experiencia y saber letrado, el estatuto del testigo de vista en el relato de la historia, la disputa en torno del discurso historiográfico y la autoridad enunciativa. En este marco, la Historia verdadera de Bernal Díaz del Castillo se ha constituido en un texto privilegiado en el que leer las inflexiones de la memoria, en particular debido a la insistencia de un narrador que se define a sí mismo como un gran memorioso. En este trabajo me propongo dar cuenta de las inflexiones discursivas de la memoria, indagar en qué consiste –textual y retóricamente– esta apelación a la memoria, cómo se articula con el olvido, cuál es el rol de la alegoría y la apelación a la Fama en los capítulos liminares, y cuáles son los usos de la memoria que hacen a la peculiar melodía y sabor de la Historia verdadera.; In literary and critical colonial studies, memory as an issue and as a topic has been, at least from the last three decades, one of the fundamental ways of going through the corpus of chronicles of the Conquest of México. Talking about memory implies a reflection on experience, literacy, testimony and eyewitnesses, and the polemics between historical discourses and direct experience. In this context, one of the outstanding texts has been the Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España, written by Bernal Díaz del Castillo, who defines himself as a soldier with a huge memory and as a truthful narrator. In this article, we aim to analyze this reflection on memory and forgetfulness, and on memory as a form of discursive organization, as well as to define its role in the several polemics in which Bernal Díaz has been part of as an encomendero and as a former soldier.; A memória tem sido uma das principais preocupações da crítica em relação às crônicas da conquista do México (e as crônicas das Índias, em geral). Seu campo de estudo inclui a tensão entre a experiência e o saber letrado, a autoridade da testemunha ocular, a disputa sobre o discurso historiográfico e a autoridade enunciativa. Neste contexto, a Verdadeira História de Bernal Díaz del Castillo tornou-se texto central na leitura das inflexões da memória, principalmente devido à insistência de um narrador que descreve-se como um grande memorialista. Neste artigo pretendo explicar as inflexões da memória, analisar como este apelo a memoria é feito do ponto de vista retórico, qual é o papel do esquecimento, qual é o papel da alegoria da Fama, e como os usos da memória fornecem essa melodia e sabor peculiar à história de Bernal Díaz del Castillo.

Biopolítica y ambiente en cuestión: lugares de la basura Grinberg, Silvia Mariela; Dafunchio, Sofia; Mantiñán, Luciano Martín Actualmente, adquirió especial centralidad la basura y su valor. En este trabajo, enmarcado en estudios de gubernamentalidad y de Biopolítica en el siglo XXI, describimos los vínculos y relaciones que los habitantes de un barrio (“villa miseria”) establecen cotidianamente con la basura. El trabajo de investigación, base de este artículo, se desarrolla desde 2008 en un barrio de la región metropolitana de la ciudad de Buenos Aires que creció al calor de los procesos de metropolización selectiva y degradación ambiental que caracteriza a la pobreza urbana desde fines del siglo XX. La basura atraviesa hoy la cuestión urbana y la sociedad de consumo, constante productora de cosas desechables. Mediante un trabajo de campo etnográfico, estudiamos las dinámicas que adquiere la basura en la vida del barrio y los modos en que se hace presente en la cotidianidad de las escuelas; específicamente, cómo es pensada y vivida atendiendo a la tensión entre desecho y valor que contiene la basura. Es un área que ha crecido históricamente ligada con el cartoneo y con la recolección de basura en el relleno sanitario de la ciudad. Abordamos los conflictos y contradicciones que genera vivir entre la basura, fuente de vida y de contaminación.; At present, garbage and its value became especially central issues. In this paper, framed in studies of governmentality and biopolitics in the XXI century, we describe the links and relationships that residents of a neighborhood, (“slum”), establish daily with trash. The research, on which this article is based, is developed since 2008 in a district of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires who grew up as part of selective metropolization processes and environmental degradation that characterizes urban poverty since the late twentieth century. Trash crosses, in the present, urban issues, and, the consumer society, permanent producer of disposable things. Through ieldwork, developed from an ethnographic approach, we focus on the dynamics that takes away the life of the neighborhood and the ways in which it is present in the daily life of schools. Speciically, is looked into and thought lived addressing the tension between value and waste containing garbage. This is an area of the city of Buenos Aires that has grown historically linked with cardboard men, rag-picker, and garbage collection in the city landill. Here, we address the conlicts and contradictions generated of living among garbage, that is both life resource and contamination.

Mercado de viviendas en Rosario: caracterización y dinámica entre 1920 y 1948 Cutruneo, Jimena Paula Partiendo de las condiciones existentes propias del proceso de metropolización iniciado en Argentina hacia 1880, en este artículo se analizan los rasgos generales del mercado inmobiliario de la ciudad de Rosario entre los años 1920 y 1948. Poniendo especial atención en el mercado de viviendas, se presenta la relación con variables de la economía nacional y local. En este sentido, se exponen -entre otras cuestiones- la situación de los transportes públicos, las infraestructuras y los movimientos comerciales producidos en las distintas zonas de la planta urbana para estos años. A la vez que se establecen algunas aproximaciones respecto de la relación entre los vaivenes del mercado inmobiliario de viviendas y ciertas políticas que desde distintos niveles gubernamentales (sea nacional o municipal) condicionaron esta actividad.; Based on existing conditions within the process of metropolization began in Argentina in 1880, this artile discusses the general traits of the housing market in the city of Rosario between 1920 and 1948. Paying special attention to the housing market, presents the variables related to national and local ecoomy. In this sense, they are exposed, among other issues, the situation of public transport, infrastructure and trade flows produced in different parts of the urban for these years. While some approaches are established regarding the relationship between the fuctuations in the housing market and certain housing policies from different level of government (whether national or municipal) conditioned activity.