The Alternative Epac/cAMP Pathway and the MAPK Pathway Mediate hCG Induction of Leptin in Placental Cells Maymo, Julieta Lorena; Pérez Pérez, Antonio; Maskin, Bernardo; Dueñas, José Luis; Calvo, Juan Carlos; Sánchez Margalet, Víctor; Varone, Cecilia Laura Pleiotropic effects of leptin have been identified in reproduction and pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, where it works as an autocrine hormone. In this work, we demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) added to JEG-3 cell line or to placental explants induces endogenous leptin expression. We also found that hCG increased cAMP intracellular levels in BeWo cells in a dose-dependent manner, stimulated cAMP response element (CRE) activity and the cotransfection with an expression plasmid of a dominant negative mutant of CREB caused a significant inhibition of hCG stimulation of leptin promoter activity. These results demonstrate that hCG indeed activates cAMP/PKA pathway, and that this pathway is involved in leptin expression. Nevertheless, we found leptin induction by hCG is dependent on cAMP levels. Treatment with (Bu)2cAMP in combination with low and non stimulatory hCG concentrations led to an increase in leptin expression, whereas stimulatory concentrations showed the opposite effect. We found that specific PKA inhibition by H89 caused a significant increase of hCG leptin induction, suggesting that probably high cAMP levels might inhibit hCG effect. It was found that hCG enhancement of leptin mRNA expression involved the MAPK pathway. In this work, we demonstrated that hCG leptin induction through the MAPK signaling pathway is inhibited by PKA. We observed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased when hCG treatment was combined with H89. In view of these results, the involvement of the alternative cAMP/ Epac signaling pathway was studied. We observed that a cAMP analogue that specifically activates Epac (CPT-OMe) stimulated leptin expression by hCG. In addition, the overexpression of Epac and Rap1 proteins increased leptin promoter activity and enhanced hCG. In conclusion, we provide evidence suggesting that hCG induction of leptin gene expression in placenta is mediated not only by activation of the MAPK signaling pathway but also by the alternative cAMP/Epac signaling pathway.

Determinación de un coeficiente térmico desconocido a través de una sobre-condición convectiva en el borde fijo Tarzia, Domingo Alberto Se usa el modelo de región pastosa de Solomon-Wilson-Alexiades (Letters Heat Mass Transfer, 9 (1982), 319- 324) y el método dado en Tarzia (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 26 (1983), 1151-1157; Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, 14 (1987), 219-228) para la determinación de un coeficiente térmico desconocido de un material semi-infinito a través de un proceso de cambio de fase con una sobre-condición convectiva en el borde fijo. Se encuentran fórmulas para los seis coeficientes desconocidos y la condición necesaria y suficiente para la existencia de la solución.; We use the Solomon-Wilson-Alexiades’ mushy zone model (Letters Heat Mass Transfer, 9 (1982), 319-324) and the method given in Tarzia (Int. Heat Mass Transfer, 26 (1983), 1151-1157; Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, 14 (1987), 219-228) for the determination of one unknown thermal coefficient of a semi-infinite material through a phase-change process with an overspecified convective boundary condition on the fixed face. We also find formulas for the six unknown coefficients, and the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the solution.

Inversion of prestack seismic data using FISTA Perez, Daniel Omar; Velis, Danilo Ruben; Sacchi, Mauricio Dino In this work we present a new inversion method to obtain AVA high-resolution attributes from prestack seismic data. The method aims to find a series of sparse reflectors that, when convolved with the source wavelet, fit the observed data. To perform the inversion, we propose the use of the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA). FISTA, which can be viewed as an extension of the classical gradient algorithm, provides sparse solutions minimizing both the misfit between the modeled and the observed data, and the l1-norm of the solution. The advantage of FISTA over other methods is that no inversion over any matrix is needed, making it numerically stable, easy to apply, economic in computational terms, and adequate for solving large-scale problems even with dense matrix data. Results on synthetic and field data show that the proposed method is capable to provide high-resolution AVA attributes that honor the observed data under noisy conditions, making it an interesting alternative to other known methods.

The Socio-Historical Construction of Corruption: Examples from Police, Politics and Crime in Argentina Miguez, Daniel Pedro This paper proposes that corruption results from particular historical and social conditions. Specifically, it sustains that the stability and credibility of a society’s institutional system, the perception of a shared fate by most members of society, the levels of inequality and the perception of fair opportunities for personal progress are all elements that may deter or promote corruption. In order to show the association between these social conditions and corruption we analyse socially and historically the way that state agents such as the police, members of the judiciary and the political system relate to each other and to normal citizens. Although the examples are taken from the argentine context, they constitute a tool to understand, heuristically, why corruption is prominent in many parts of the underdeveloped world.

Physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress and subsequent rehydration in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp Furlan, Ana Laura; Llanes, Analia Susana; Luna, Maria Virginia; Castro, Stella Maris Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that regulate plant growth and development and limit its production. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an agriculturally valuable plant with widespread distribution in the world serving as a subsistence food crop as well as a source of various food products. The aims of this work were to evaluate growth and nodulation as well as some physiological and biochemical stress indicators in response to drought stress and subsequent rehydration in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144. Drought stress affected peanut growth reducing shoot dry weight, nodule number, and dry weight as well as nitrogen content, but root dry weight increased reaching major exploratory surface. Besides, this severe water stress induced hydrogen peroxide production associated with lipid and protein damage; however, the plant was able to increase soluble sugar and abscisic acid contents as avoidance strategies to cope with drought stress. These physiological and biochemical parameters were completely reversed upon rehydration, in a short period of time, in the symbiotic association peanut-Bradyrhizobium sp. Thus, the results provided in this work constitute the initial steps of physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress and rehydration in this nodulated legume.

Milicias y fronteras en la formación del Estado argentino: la regulación de la Guardia Nacional de Buenos Aires (1852-1880) Literas, Luciano El artículo analiza la normativa de la Guardia Nacional entre 1852 y 1880, con el propósito de explorar la complejidad de su desarrollo de acuerdo a las disputas facciosas entorno al proyecto nacional y el avance de la frontera sobre los territorios indígenas en el contexto de organización y consolidación del Estado argentino. Sin el poder suficiente para monopolizar el poder coercitivo, el gobierno nacional debió depender de la capacidad de convocatoria militar de los gobiernos locales. Así se instauró y adquirió relevancia la Guardia Nacional formada por campesinos y vecinos domiciliados obligados a realizar ejercicios militares de forma regular y listos para acudir a todo llamado, so pena de cumplir servicio en el Ejército de Línea. Esto se sitúa en la dinámica general de progresiva dominancia del Estado como forma de integración socio política, mediante la apropiación de ámbitos funcionales en los diversos planos de la interacción social y que hacia finales del período de estudio implicó la sustitución del marco institucional provincial como principal eje articulador de relaciones sociales y la subordinación de la Guardia Nacional al Estado nacional. Los principales documentos utilizados fueron las leyes y decretos en materia militar elaborados entre 1852 y 1880, los diarios de sesiones del Congreso nacional entre 1862 y 1874 y las memorias del ministerio de Guerra y Marina entre 1868 y 1881.; The article discusses the National Guards rules between 1852 and 1880, in order to explore the complexity of their evolution, according to factional conflicts about the national political project and the ocuppation of indigenous territories. Without the capacity to monopolize coercive power, the national government depended on the local goverments military deployments. Thus the National Guard was established with peasants forced to do military exercises and ready to go to every call, under the penality of being sent to the border army. This happened during the gradual supremacy of the national state in social and political integration and that meant for one hand the replacement of the local frameworks as the hub of social relations and for other hand the National Guard subordination. The main documents used were the military laws and decrees between 1852 and 1880, the diaries of the national Congress sessions between 1862 and 1874, and the reports of the War and Marine department between 1868 and 1881.

Integración de los paneles de vuelo del satélite Cubebug-1 Bolzi, Claudio Gustavo; Bruno, C. J.; Cabot, P.; Carella, E.; Di Santo, J.; Duran, Julio Cesar; Fernández Vázquez, J.; Godfrin, Elena María; Goldbeck, V.; Gonzalez, L.; Moglioni, A.; Muñoz, S.; Olima, José María; Plá, Juan Francisco Esteban; Perez, J. I.; Raggio, D.; Socolovsky, Hernan Pablo; Tamasi, Mariana Julia Luisa Se describe la integración de los paneles de vuelo de la misión satelital CUBEBUG-1. Éstos se integraron a partir de un convenio firmado entre la CNEA y la empresa DISARMISTA SRL para la integración de 6 módulos solares de esta misión satelital. Los paneles están constituidos por 3 módulos con 2 subcadenas conectadas en serie y 3 módulos de una subcadena cada uno Estos módulos se realizaron con celdas de de triple juntura (ATJ) marca EMCORE de descarte Se presentan los parámetros eléctricos más relevantes de las celdas utilizadas y las verificaciones funcionales que se realizaron luego de la integración de los paneles.; The integration of flight solar panels of CUBEBUG-1 satellital mission is presented. This panels has been integrated from a agreement between CNEA and DISARMISTA SRL for the integration of 6 flight solar panels for CUBEBUG-1 satellital mission. The panels integration has been done using substrings of 2 solar cells connected in series, the cells used was from EMCORE advance triple junction (ATJ) non flight solar cells. The panels itself, are constituted for 3 modules with 2 substrings connected in series and 3 modules with one substring each one. The solar cells relevant electrical parameters and the curves of functional verifications after the integration are presented.

Geografía y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en la escuela secundaria: reflexiones y propuestas para el trabajo en las aulas de la República Argentina Buzai, Gustavo Daniel; Baxendale, Claudia Alicia; Cacace, Graciela Patricia; Humacata, Luis Miguel; Caloni, Nicolas; Cruz, María del Rosario Con el inicio del siglo XXI la dimensión espacial ha cobrado particular importancia al momento de analizar y comprender el mundo que nos rodea. El desarrollo tecnológico actual ha posibilitado la aparición de las denominadas Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica (TIG) que llevan a configurar el marco de vínculos globales basados en el formato digital, en el cual la tecnología de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) ocupa una posición destacada. El presente trabajo analiza la potencialidad que presentan los SIG como sustento aplicativo de la geografía en el aula y como herramienta fundamental que contribuye a apoyar el desarrollo de la inteligencia espacial de los alumnos. Para lograrlo se considera al SIG en su papel aplicativo que apoya una revolución tecnológica (métodos y técnicas) y una revolución intelectual (teoría y epistemología). En este sentido se analiza su surgimiento como resultado del desarrollo científico-tecnológico, los paradigmas geográficos que le brindan sustento, la formación docente necesaria para utilizarlos y los conceptos fundamentales del análisis espacial. El camino recorrido encuentra su síntesis en una propuesta de práctica didáctica orientada a la modelización digital urbana, formalizando conceptos fundamentales en diferentes niveles de complejidad posibles de ser aplicados a la Educación secundaria.; With the beginning of the XXI century the spatial dimension has been particularly important when analyzing and understanding the world around us. Current technological development has enabled the emergence of so-called Geographic Information Technologies (GIT) leading to configure the framework of global linkages based on digital format, in which the technology of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) occupies a prominent position. This paper examines the potential offered by GIS as a support application of GIT in the classroom and essential tool that helps to support the development of spatial intelligence of students. To achieve this, GIS is considered in its application role that supports a technological revolution (methods and techniques) and an intellectual revolution (theory and epistemology). In this sense its emergence is analyzed as a result of scientifictechnological developments, geographical paradigms that provide support, teacher training needed to its use and the basic concepts of spatial analysis. The path is synthesized in a proposal of a teaching practice —oriented as a digital urban modeling—, formalizing key concepts at different levels of complexity possible to be applied to secondary education.

Discépolo o el arte de la inversión Dalbosco, Dulce María El objetivo de este artículo es abordar la presencia de lo grotesco y de sus códigos en la obra tanguera de Enrique Santos Discépolo. En ella hallamos algunos textos que invierten los tópicos de ciertos motivos estereotipados del tango, mecanismo que da lugar a auténticas acuarelas grotescas. En esta ocasión nos interesa descifrar los artilugios utilizados por el autor para producir tal efecto, con el fin de comprender, en última instancia, cuál es su concepción de lo grotesco. Atenderemos tanto a las composiciones que pertenecen a lo que la crítica ha denominado “vertiente grotesca” (Conde 2003, Gobello 2004) como a la presencia de rasgos o de recursos de lo grotesco presentes en otros tangos de su autoría.

The effect of aluminium alloy secondary phases on aniline-based silane Trueba, Mónica; Trasatti, Stefano P.; Flamini, Daniel Omar Commercial wrought Al alloys with high content of intermetallic phases, namely, AA5083-H111, AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6, were treated with N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) aniline (AnSi) by a simple procedure. Characterization studies and corrosion experiments indicate that the hybrid film protection capacity is related in a complex way to the macromolecular network structure linked to the Al substrate composition. Nevertheless, barrier protection enhanced by a buffer effect and galvanic coupling, as aided by aniline units within the hybrid film, is indicated mostly. Results overall demonstrate synergistic effect against Al alloy corrosion by combining at a molecular level monomers of conducting polymers and silane functionalities.

Hedonic games related to many-to-one matching problems Cesco, Juan Carlos We consider the existence problem of stable matchings in many-to-one matching problems. Unlike other approaches which use algorithmic techniques to give necessary and sufficient conditions, we adopt a game theoretic point of view. We first associate, with each many-to-one matching problem, a hedonic game to take advantage of recent results guaranteeing the existence of core-partitions for that class of games, to build up our conditions. The main result states that a many-to-one matching problem, with no restrictions on individual preferences, has stable* matchings if and only if a related hedonic game is pivotally balanced. In the case that the preferences in the matching problem are substitutable, the notions of stability and stability* coincide. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Differential participation of phospholipase A2 isoforms during iron-induced retinal toxicity. Implications for age-related macular degeneration Rodriguez Diez, Guadalupe; Uranga, Romina Maria; Mateos, Melina Valeria; Giusto, Norma Maria; Salvador, Gabriela Alejandra Both elevated iron concentrations and the resulting oxidative stress condition are common signs in retinas of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) during iron-induced retinal toxicity was investigated. To this end, isolated retinas were exposed to increasing Fe2+ concentrations (25, 200 or 800 μM) or to the vehicle, and lipid peroxidation levels, mitochondrial function, and the activities of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) were studied. Incubation with Fe2+ led to a time- and concentration-dependent increase in retinal lipid peroxidation levels whereas retinal cell viability was only affected after 60 min of oxidative injury. A differential release of arachidonic acid (AA) and palmitic acid (PAL) catalyzed by cPLA2 and iPLA 2 activities, respectively, was also observed in microsomal and cytosolic fractions obtained from retinas incubated with iron. AA release diminished as the association of cyclooxigenase-2 increased in microsomes from retinas exposed to iron. Retinal lipid peroxidation and cell viability were also analyzed in the presence of cPLA2 inhibitor, arachidonoyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK), and in the presence of iPLA2 inhibitor, bromoenol lactone (BEL). ATK decreased lipid peroxidation levels and also ERK1/2 activation without affecting cell viability. BEL showed the opposite effect on lipid peroxidation. Our results demonstrate that iPLA2 and cPLA2 are differentially regulated and that they selectively participate in retinal signaling in an experimental model resembling AMD.

“Atravesando fronteras”: Prácticas compartidas e identidades sociales negociadas durante el tardío prehispánico. Una discusión desde la alfarería ordinaria del valle del Bolsón (Belén, Catamarca); “Traversing frontiers”: shared practices and negotiated social identities in the late prehispanic. A discussion on common pottery from the valle del Bolsón (Belén, Catamarca) Puente, Veronica La alfarería ordinaria, del mismo modo que cualquier otro ítem de la cultura material, tiene un papel activo en la producción y reproducción de relaciones y significaciones sociales. El propósito de este trabajo es contribuir en el estudio de las prácticas sociales de producción y consumo de estos objetos como instancias que permiten debatir la construcción de identidades sociales en procesos de interacción macrorregional durante el tardío prehispánico en el área valliserrana del NOA. Para ello se presentan y sintetizan las características estéticas visuales –morfología, tratamiento de superficie, iconografía– y petrográficas de los conjuntos cerámicos ordinarios recuperados en dos asentamientos ubicados en el valle del Bolsón (Belén, Catamarca). Estos resultados son puestos en relación con los obtenidos en regiones vecinas, y a partir de ellos planteo la existencia de patrones estéticos y tecnológicos compartidos que atraviesan las fronteras regionales y también estilísticas planteadas tradicionalmente para el área y período cronológico mencionado.; Common pottery, like any other item of material culture, plays an active role in the production and reproduction of social relations and meanings. This paper contributes to the study of the social practices of production and consumption of these objects as instances that allow us to discuss the construction of social identities in macro-regional interaction processes during the late Prehispanic in the Valliserrana region of Northwestern Argentina. Thus, we present and synthesize the visual aesthetic characteristics -morphology, surface treatment, iconography- and petrography of the ceramic assemblages from two settlements in the Bolsón valley (Belén, Catamarca). We compare these results with those of neighboring regions and posit the existence of shared aesthetic and technological models that cross the regional and stylistic boundaries traditionally applied to this area and for this chronological period.

Skeletal development and adult osteology of Hypsiboas pulchellus (Anura: Hylidae) Hoyos, Julio M.; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Mitgutsch, Christian Osteological and skeletal characters have long been proven to be particularlyinformative in taxonomic and systematic research. Furthermore, ossification sequencesare assumed to be a potential tool to investigate developmental states and developmentalmodes of fossil and extant skeletal specimens. Herein, we provide a detailed accounton adult osteology and skeletogenesis in the Montevideo treefrog, Hypsiboas pulchellus(Anura: Hylidae) based on evaluation of a series of cleared and stained specimens.A consensus sequence of ossification, i.e., the order of appearance of mineralized elementsuntil early metamorphosis could be determined as (parasphenoid, presacral vertebraeI-VII, frontoparietal, exoccipital) ? transverse processes of presacral vertebraeI-VIII ? sacral vertebra ? (humerus, radioulna, ilium, femur, tibiofibula, scapula) ?(cleithrum, clavicle, coracoids, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, hypochord)? (prootic, angulosplenial, dentary, maxilla, premaxilla, squamosal). Comparing thestate of mineralized elements in individual specimens, a number of skeletal elements,including the exoccipital, frontoparietal, parasphenoid and prootic, as well as elementsof the shoulder and pelvic girdles, and the phalanges, were found to vary intraspecificallyregarding the relative time of their ossification within the ossification sequence.

Erythrolamprus reginae (Linnaeus, 1758). Culebra acuática de panza anaranjada Arzamendia, Vanesa; Giraudo, Alejandro Raul; Bellini, Gisela Paola Especie que presenta una amplia distribución tropical en áreas cisandinas de Sudamérica desde Colombia hasta el extremo norte de Argentina, también Trinidad y Tobago (Dixon, 1983). En Argentina presenta su límite de distribución meridional, siendo escasa en la mayoría de las localidades conocidas (con excepción del Parque Nacional Iguazú, Giraudo et al., 2009) en las provincias de Misiones, Salta, Jujuy (Parque Nacional Calilegua) y en el área de inundación de la presa de Yacyretá, en zonas limítrofes entre Paraguay y Corrientes (Álvarez et al., 1995; Giraudo, 2001; Giraudo y Scrocchi, 2002; Scrocchi et al., 2006; Arzamendia y Giraudo, obs. pers.). Habita en las ecorregiones Paranaense y de las Yungas, ambos ecosistemas con elevadas tasas de deforestación en Argentina, siendo además especialista en el uso del substrato (acuática), y en el uso de hábitat (arroyos y ríos rodeados con selvas y bosques fluviales). La población del área de Yacyretá ha sido fuertemente impactada por la represa que provocó la pérdida de su hábitat, y este grave impacto a los ecosistemas acuáticos y selvas del río Uruguay, se repetirá de construirse la represa de Garabí, donde la especie alcanza sus latitudes más meridionales en Argentina (Arzamendia y Giraudo, 2009). Las selvas en galería del Uruguay están modificadas por usos turísticos intensivos, represas (Salto Grande), forestaciones de exóticas, a pesar de ser un importante corredor biogeográfico de especies tropicales (Giraudo y Arzamendia, 2004). Adicionalmente, es afectada por atropellamientos en las rutas y eliminación por parte de las personas (Giraudo et al., 2009).

Topological synthesis of planar metamorphic mechanisms for low-voltage circuit breakers Pucheta, Martín Alejo; Butti, Agostino; Tamellini, Valerio; Cardona, Alberto; Ghezzi. Luca This article presents a systematic graph theory-based method for the topological synthesis of planar metamorphic mechanisms including metamorphic transformations of links and changes in the degrees-of-freedom. The parts to move, with input and output motion defined, and the topological design space, are represented by graphs of simple-jointed mechanisms. The topological requirements involving link transformations are expressed in terms of subgraphs with a given degrees-of-freedom containing prescribed input and output parts. The algorithm executes two subgraph searches inside atlases of mechanisms with different degrees-of-freedom. An application to the design of a family of low-voltage circuit-breaker mechanisms is shown.

Is foliar flammability of woody species related to time since fire and herbivory in northwest Patagonia, Argentina? Blackhall, Melisa; Raffaele, Estela; Veblen, Thomas Question: In northwest Patagonia burning of fire-resistant forests creates a community-level positive feedback towards increased fire occurrence because of successional replacement by fire-prone shrublands. We hypothesize that variability in plant traits related to time since last fire and to herbivory by cattle may affect foliar flammability, thus providing a flammability-promoting mechanism operating at the level of individual plants. We examine how plant foliar traits affecting flammability vary across species and at sites recovering from recent fires (<15 yr) vs sites not affected by fire for > 50 yr, both in the presence and absence of cattle. Location: Nahuel Huapi National Park, northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Methods: We measured four foliar traits expected to affect flammability: leaf moisture, leaf size, specific leaf area and leaf strength, and conducted tests of ignitability (time to ignition and duration of combustion) on leaves of six common tall shrub and small tree species: non-palatable Lomatia hirsuta and Diostea juncea, moderately palatable Nothofagus antarctica and Schinus patagonicus and highly palatable Maytenus boaria and Ribes magellanicum. We used ANOVA and PCA to examine potential relationships among species flammability traits, time since fire and presence or absence of cattle. Results: At plant level, variability in flammability-related foliar properties is strongly and consistently related to time since last fire, whereas effects of cattle are more variable across species and treatments. In comparison with unburned forests, the dominant woody species at shrubland sites showed reduced leaf moisture, leaf size and specific leaf area. Under pressure from cattle, N. antarctica, one of the most important woody species in these shrublands, showed changes in some foliar traits expected to enhance flammability (e.g. shorter time to ignition) but overall the influence of cattle on flammability was not consistent. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that plant foliar traits vary between recently burned and unburned sites, and that these variations may enhance foliar flammability in shrubland communities. We hypothesize that variability in plant traits related to time since last fire and to herbivory by cattle may affect foliar flammability, thus providing a flammability-promoting mechanism operating at the level of individual plants. In northwestern Patagonia, Argentina, plant foliar traits vary between recently burned and unburned sites, and these variations may enhance foliar flammability in shrubland communities.

Tamaño y estimación de la masa corporal en Procariama simplex Rovereto, 1914 (Aves: Phorusrhacidae: Psilopterinae); Size and body mass in Procariama simplex Rovereto, 1914 (Aves: Phorusrhacidae: Psilopterinae) Vezzosi, Raúl Ignacio La masa corporal de ejemplares de aves fósiles puede ser estimada mediante comparaciones con las formas actuales, teniendo en cuenta que las medidas del fémur, el tibiotarso y el tarsometatarso son indicadoras del peso del animal. Estos huesos representarían una relación directa con la masa corporal, ya que proveen en distinto grado el sostén del cuerpo. En esta contribución, se calcula la masa corporal de ejemplares asignados a Procariama simplex Rovereto provenientes del Mioceno superior de Argentina, utilizando dos estimativos diferentes. El primero asume que existe similitud geométrica entre un ave fósil, cuya masa se pretende estimar, y una forma viviente análoga como Cariama cristata Linnaeus. El segundo modelo, más adecuado para su aplicación en aves, considera la influencia del tamaño o de la masa corporal sobre la forma y la función del esqueleto. Se basa en considerar la relación logarítmica entre la masa corporal y la circunferencia mínima de la diáfisis de los elementos del miembro posterior, implicados más específicamente en el sostén de un ave. Ambos modelos, aplicados sobre el material de estudio, reflejan valores estimados entre 10 y 13 kg para Procariama simplex, superando estimaciones previas efectuadas en este taxón, asemejándose en proporciones de tamaño (masa) a un ñandú patagónico de la especie Pterocnemia pennata d?Orbigny. Si bien esta especie de Rheidae no se encuentra emparentada filogenéticamente con los Phorusrhacidae, comparten el morfotipo de poseer miembros posteriores largos y aptos para la carrera.; Body mass of fossil birds can be estimated using comparisons with extant birds, taking into account that the measures of hindlimbs are indicators of body weight. Hindlimb bones (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) would represent a direct relationship with body mass, because they provide in different degrees the support of the body. In this contribution, the body mass of fossil specimens of Procariama simplex Rovereto from the Miocene of Argentina is calculated using two different estimates. The first model assumes that there is geometric similarity between fossil and extant analogous birds, in this case between Procariama simplex and its analogous Cariama cristata Linnaeus. The second model, more used in birds, considers the influence of the size or body mass on the form and function of the skeleton. It considers the logarithmic relationship between body mass and the minimum circumference of the shaft of the hindlimb elements involved in the support of a bird. Both models estimate values between 10 and 13 kg for Procariama simplex, higher than previous estimates. These values resemble in size (mass) to that of a Patagonian rhea Pterocnemia pennata d´Orbigny. Although this Rheidae is not related phylogenetically to Phorusrhacidae, they share the same morphotype of having long hindlimbs, suitable for running.

A high oxfendazole dose to control porcine cysticercosis: Pharmacokinetics and tissue residue profiles Moreno Torrejon, Laura; Lopez Urbina, L.; Farias, Cristina Elena; Domingue, G.; Donadeu, M.; Dungu, B.; García, H. H.; Gomez Puerta, L. A.; Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo; González, A. E. Oxfendazole (OFZ) is efficacious for porcine cysticercosis at 30mg/kg. OFZ is not registered to be used at this dose. The assessment of the OFZ and metabolites [(fenbendazole sulphone (FBZSO2), fenbendazole (FBZ)] plasma pharmacokinetic and tissue residue profiles after its oral administration to pigs and the withdrawal period for human consumption were reported. Forty-eight pigs allocated into two groups received OFZ (30mg/kg) orally as a commercial (CF) or as experimental formulation (SMF). Samples (blood, muscle, liver, kidney and fat) were collected over 30days post-treatment and analyzed by HPLC. OFZ was the main compound recovered in plasma, followed by FBZSO2 and low FBZ concentrations. OFZ AUC0-LOQ (209.9±33.9μg·h/ml) and Cmax (5.40±0.65μg/ml) parameters for the CF tended to be higher than those for the SMF (AUC0-LOQ: 159.4±18.3μgh/ml, Cmax: 3.80±0.35μg/ml). The highest total residue (OFZ+FBZSO2+FBZ) concentrations were quantified in liver, followed by kidney, muscle and fat tissue. FBZSO2 residue levels were the highest found in muscle (0.68±0.39μg/g) and fat (0.69±0.39μg/g). In liver and kidney the highest residues corresponded to FBZ (5.29±4.36μg/g) and OFZ (2.86±0.75μg/g), respectively. A withdrawal time of 17days post-treatment was established before tissues are delivered for human consumption.

Adaptive finite element method for shape optimization Morin, Pedro; Nochetto, Ricardo Horacio; Pauletti, Miguel Sebastian; Verani, Marco We examine shape optimization problems in the context of inexact sequential quadratic programming. Inexactness is a consequence of using adaptive finite element methods (AFEM) to approximate the state and adjoint equations (via the dual weighted residual method), update the boundary, and compute the geometric functional. We present a novel algorithm that equidistributes the errors due to shape optimization and discretization, thereby leading to coarse resolution in the early stages and fine resolution upon convergence, and thus optimizing the computational effort. We discuss the ability of the algorithm to detect whether or not geometric singularities such as corners are genuine to the problem or simply due to lack of resolution - a new paradigm in adaptivity.