Association between BoLA-DRB3 and somatic cell count in Holstein cattle from Argentina Baltian, Laura Rosana; Ripoli, María Verónica; Sanfilippo, S.; Takeshima, S. N.; Aida, Y.; Giovambattista, Guillermo Different studies have proved that the resistance/susceptibility to mastitis is genetically determined. The major histocompatibility complex in cows is known as bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA). Genes from the BoLA have been associated with the occurrence of infectious diseases such as mastitis and leukosis, especially the BoLA-DRB gene. The object of the present study was to detect associations between BoLA-DRB3 alleles and somatic cell count (SCC), as an indicator of resistance/ susceptibility to mastitis in Holstein cattle (N = 123) from La Pampa, Argentina. Fisher's exact test and Woolf- Haldane odds ratio were applied to study the association between SCC and BoLA-DRB3 allele frequencies. Significant association was noted between BoLA-DRB3.2*23 and *27 alleles (p <0.05) and protective or susceptibility effects, respectively. In addition, alleles BoLA-DRB3.2*20 and *25 exhibit suggestive association with high SCC (p < 0.1). These results were partially in agreement with data reported from Japanese Holstein cattle, but differed from those published by other authors. A possible explanation for the contrasting results could be that the mastitis is a multifactor disease caused by different pathogens. Moreover, most of the studies were carried out using PCR-RFLP method, which has less resolution than PCR-SBT because PCR-RFLP defined alleles included more than one sequenced alleles.

CD137 differentially regulates innate and adaptive immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fernández Do Porto, Darío Augusto; Jurado, Javier Oscar; Pasquinelli, Virginia; Alvarez, Ivana Belén; Aspera, Romina Haydeé; Musella, Rosa María; García, Verónica Edith Protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily mediated by the interaction of antigen-specific T cells and antigen presenting cells, which often depends on the interplay of cytokines produced by these cells. Costimulatory signals represent a complex network of receptor-ligand interactions that qualitatively and quantitatively influence immune responses. Thus, here we investigated the function of CD137 and CD137L, molecules known to have a central role in immune regulation, during human tuberculosis (TB). We demonstrated that M. tuberculosis antigen stimulation increased both CD137 and CD137L expression on monocytes and NK cells from TB patients and healthy donors, but only up-regulated CD137 on T lymphocytes. Blockage of the CD137 pathway enhanced the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α produced by monocytes and NK against M. tuberculosis. In contrast, CD137 blockage significantly decreased the specific degranulation of CD8(+) T cells and the percentage of specific IFN-γ and TNF-α producing lymphocytes against the pathogen. Furthermore, inhibition of the CD137 pathway markedly increased T-cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CD137:CD137L interactions regulate the innate and adaptive immune response of the host against M. tuberculosis.

Imaging nanometer-sized α-synuclein aggregates by superresolution fluorescence localization microscopy Roberti, Maria Julia; Fölling, Jonas; Celej, Maria Soledad; Bossi, Mariano Luis; Jovin, Thomas M.; Jares, Elizabeth Andrea The morphological features of alpha-synuclein (AS) amyloid aggregation in vitro and in cells were elucidated at the nanoscale by far-field subdiffraction fluorescence localization microscopy. Labeling AS with rhodamine spiroamide probes allowed us to image AS fibrillar structures by fluorescence stochastic nanoscopy with an enhanced resolution at least 10-fold higher than that achieved with conventional, diffraction-limited techniques. The implementation of dual-color detection, combined with atomic force microscopy, revealed the propagation of individual fibrils in vitro. In cells, labeled protein appeared as amyloid aggregates of spheroidal morphology and subdiffraction sizes compatible with in vitro supramolecular intermediates perceived independently by atomic force microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. We estimated the number of monomeric protein units present in these minute structures. This approach is ideally suited for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation both in vitro and in the cellular milieu.

Size and shape variation in late Holocene projectile points of southern Patagonia: A geometric morphometry study Charlin, Judith Emilce; González José, Rolando Since the beginning of systematic archaeological studies in southern Patagonia (Argentina and Chile), projectile points have played an important role as cultural markers. A sequence of projectile point types was established according to their changes in size and shape. These stone tools, along with others cultural evidences, sensed to differentiate a series of "cultural periods," which were, for decades, the frame of reference to understand the cultural evolution in southernmost Patagonia. Although later researches have questioned several of these assumptions, the classical typology of projectile points continued in use until the present day. The goal of this work is to evaluate size and shape variation in two late Holocene projectile point types, known as Fell. Bird, or Magallanes IV and V points or Patagónicas and Ona points, respectively. These two types are compared using geometric morphometries and multivariate statistical analyses. The reliability in the discrimination between types is tested at the light of reduction. The analyses have shown a major incidence of reduction on shape rather than on size, and on blade rather than on stem. However, in average, types IV and V can be distinguished in terms of size, and stem shape despite reduction. Thus, even though successive cycles of use, damage and resharpening have a great influence over size and shape of projectile points, resharpening techniques are specific enough to maintain the differences of size and shape between types, a pattern that is probably related with functional requirements.; Desde los comienzos de los estudios arqueológicos sistemáticos en el sur de la Patagonia (Argentina y Chile), en la década de los 30’s, las puntas de proyectil han jugado un rol importante como marcadores culturales. De acuerdo con sus cambios en tamaño y forma, se estableció una secuencia de tipos morfológicos de puntas de proyectil. Estos instrumentos Uticos, junto con otras evidencias culturales, sirvieron para diferenciar una serie de “períodos culturales”, los cuales fueron, por décadas, el marco de referencia para entender la evolución cultural en el extremo austral de Patagonia meridional. A pesar de que las investigaciones posteriores han criticado varios de los supuestos básicos con los cuales se construyó esta periodizáción, la tipología clásica continúa en uso hasta hoy. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la variaciones en tamaño y forma en dos tipos de puntas de proyectil del Holoceno Tardío conocidos como Fell, Bird o Magallanes IV y V, o puntas Patagónicas y Onus, respectivamente. Éstos se consideraron como tipos diagnósticos para distinguir los Períodos IV y V en la secuencia regional de ocupación propuesta por Junius Bird. Aquí se comparan ambos tipos mediante análisis de morfometría geométrica y estadística multivariada. Se prueba la confiabilidad en la discriminación entre tipos a la luz de la reducción. La consideración del tamaño y la forma de las puntas de proyectil como variables independientes, gracias a las técnicas de la morfometría geométrica, ha permitido evaluar la incidencia relativa de la reducción sobre ambas variables, y también en relación con las diferentes partes que componen la punta de proyectil. Los análisis han mostrado una mayor incidencia de la reducción sobre la forma que sobre el tamaño, y sobre el borde que sobre el pedúnculo. Sin embargo, a pesar de los cambios morfométricos producto de la reducción, los tipos IV y V pueden distinguirse, en promedio, en base al tamaño y a la forma del pedúnculo. En consecuencia, si bien los sucesivos ciclos de uso, desgaste y reutilización tienen una gran influencia sobre el tamaño y la forma de las puntas de proyectil, las técnicas de reutilización son lo suficientemente específicas para mantener las diferencias de tamaño y forma entre tipos, probablemente en relación con demandas funcionales.

In vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5 Marin, Maia Solange; Leunda, Maria Rosa; Verna, Andrea Elizabeth; Faverin, Claudia; Perez, Sandra; Odeón, Anselmo Carlos The aim of this work was to study the in vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and 5) at the beginning and end of the logarithmic growth phase of Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells. The replication kinetics and size of lysis and infection plaques of the field isolates 09/210 (BoHV-1) and 97/613 (BoHV-5) and the reference strains BoHV-1.1 Los Angeles 38 (LA38), BoHV-1.1 Cooper, BoHV-5a N569 and BoHV-5b A663 were evaluated. The highest mean virus titre was recorded for N569, followed by LA38 and 97/613. For most of the viruses, the virus titre values increased from 24. h post-infection (hpi) up to 48. hpi and then, they remained unchanged up to 72. hpi. However, the virus titre for 09/210 was significantly lower and a slight, steady increase was observed from 24 to 72. hpi. Furthermore, the largest lysis and infection plaques were recorded for 97/613 and LA38, respectively. According to this work, it is evident that there is a relationship between the replication of BoHV and the multiplication stage of MDBK cells. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the replication behaviour in cell cultures of several strains of BoHV, which is critical for the rational design of in vitro experiments and vaccine production.

Occurrence of shallow gas in the easternmost Lago Fagnano (Tierra del Fuego) Lodolo, Emanuele; Baradello, L.; Darbo, A.; Caffau, Mauro; Tassone, Alejandro Alberto; Lippai, Horacio Francisco; Lodolo, A.; De Zorzi, G.; Grossi, M. High-resolution seismic profiles acquired in the eastern sector of Lago Fagnano, the southernmost ice-free lake in the world, have shown the presence of very shallow gas-bearing layers in the upper sedimentary sequences. The gas-related features observed on seismic profiles include a typical, very strong reflection with reversed polarity, multiple reflections and acoustic blanking that hide subsurface sedimentary and structural features. The top of the acoustically high-amplitude layer is located between 0.3-1.7 m below the lake floor. It generally forms a sharp boundary, often marked by a varying offset probably due to different levels of gas penetration, which could be related to the lithology of the overlying sediments. To confirm the presence of gas, some gravity cores were recovered in places where the blanking effect was most relevant and in the supposed gas-free zone. Sediment core analyses have highlighted the occurrence of significant organic-rich components within the uppermost, largely unconsolidated sedimentary layers, in correspondence of the seismically-detected gassy zone, whereas only a few organic layers were found in the gas-free zone. We assume that the main origin of gas is linked to the presence of a shallow, thin peat-rich layer of Middle-Late Holocene age. In fact, the mapped gassy zone occurs in correspondence of the outlet of the Rio Turbio, the principal tributary of Lago Fagnano, which discharges waters coming from a relatively small sag pond located immediately to the east of the eastern shore of the lake. To date, this is the first evidence of shallow gas in Tierra del Fuego lakes.

Bloom forming cyanobacterial complexes co-occurring in a subtropical large reservoir: Validation of dominant eco-strategies O'farrell, Ines; Bordet, Hugo Facundo; Chaparro, Griselda Noemí In this study, we analyse the spatial distribution of cyanobacterial summer blooms in a large subtropical reservoir located in the Uruguay River, from 2007 to 2011; these extraordinary algal growth events are mainly represented by scum-forming and nitrogen-fixing eco-strategists of the Dolichospermum and Microcystis genera. The use of the eco-strategists approach, based on ecophysiological work and field observations, allowed us to explain the differences in the distribution pattern and temporal dynamics of both cyanobacterial complexes. Spatial differences were produced due to much higher and fluctuating cyanobacterial abundances at the right margin of the reservoir and at the littoral areas closer to the dam. Satellite imagery (LANDSAT 5 TM) clearly depicted the stronger algal development in the reservoir arms and in the section closer to the dam. The Microcystis spp. complex achieved higher density than the Dolichospermum spp. complex. We hypothesise that the hydrological cycle explains the inter-annual fluctuations of the intensity and frequency of cyanobacterial blooms, and that spatial differences in cyanobacterial presence between the reservoir arms, its margins and the main channel is mainly a response to morphometrical and hydrological characteristics.

Morfometría fluvial aplicada a una cuenca urbana en Ingeniero White, República Argentina; Fluvial morphometry applied to an urban watershed in Ingeniero White, República Argentina Campo, Alicia María; Aldalur, Nélida Beatriz; Fernández, Sandra Noemí La morfometría fluvial estudia diversas variables que caracterizan la forma de una cuenca de drenaje. En una cuenca urbana, la intervención humana está presente en el mayor porcentaje de la cuenca y las distintas infraestructuras condicionan el camino del agua. El objetivo de este trabajo es aplicar el método morfométrico de cuencas naturales a una cuenca urbana. El área de estudio (6 km2) drena sus aguas al frente costero y comprende la localidad de Ingeniero White, República Argentina. Se realizó la jerarquización de la red de drenaje. Los índices morfométricos calculados fueron: relación de bifurcación, relación de longitud y relación de elongación. Los parámetros calculados fueron orden de cuenca, área y pendiente media. Se identificaron tres subcuencas con escasa pendiente que presentan eventos de inundación, con mayor peligrosidad con precipitaciones extremas. Los valores de relación de longitud obtenidos indicaron mayor concentración de energía en eventos de grandes avenidas para las tres subcuencas analizadas. Los valores de relación de elongación demostraron que una de las subcuencas es de forma circular y presenta mayor velocidad en las avenidas de la escorrentía. Las dos cuencas más elongadas tienen mayor retardo en las avenidas. El mayor caudal del área de estudio fluye por la cuenca que posee el mayor número de orden y la mayor superficie. Las otras dos cuencas de menor superficie están sujetas a crecientes instantáneas y de respuesta inmediata. Los valores de pendiente y de área obtenidos aplicados a modelos hidrológicos e hidraúlico determinaron la sección de los conductos y canales destinados a evacuar las aguas hacia el estuario. El caudal calculado para el área drenada fue de 22,41 m3/s.; The fluvial morphometry studies several variables that characterize the form of a drainage basin. The aim of this paper is to apply the natural watershed morphometric method to an urban watershed. The study area (6 km2) drains its waters into the waterfront and includes the town of Ingeniero White, República Argentina. Hierarchical organization of the drainage network was done. Three subbasins that have low-gradient flood events, most dangerous extreme rainfall, were identified. The length relationship values showed greater concentration of power in event of major avenues. The elongation relationship values showed that one of the sub-basins is circular and has more speed in the avenues of runoff. The two elongated basins have greater delay in the avenues. The increased flow of the study area flows through the basin that has the largest number of order and the largest area. The other two basins are subject to increasing surface snapshot and immediate response. The slope and area values applied to hydrologic and hydraulic models determined the section of the ducts and channels. The calculated flow for the area drained was 22.41 m3/s.

Water-soluble N-heterocyclic carbene platinum(0) complexes: Recyclable catalysts for the hydrosilylation of alkynes in water at room temperature Silbestri, Gustavo Fabián; Flores, Juan Carlos; De Jesús, Ernesto The synthesis and characterization of new water-soluble platinum(0) complexes bearing sulfonated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and divinyltetramethylsiloxane (dvtms) ligands are described. These complexes, of the general formula (NHC)Pt(dvtms), are active and recyclable catalysts for the hydrosilylation of phenylacetylene and other alkynes at room temperature in water. Our findings indicate that the NHC-Pt(0) bonds are reasonably stable under these catalytic conditions, although hydrolysis is observed at temperatures above 80 °C in pure water. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

La alianza proclamó guerra y esclavitud a la civilización: Representaciones de la guerra de la Triple Alianza a través del periódico paraguayo El Centinela (1867-1868) Johansson, Maria Lucrecia El gobierno de Paraguay durante el transcurso de la guerra de la Triple Alianza (1864-1870) creó cuatro periódicos con el objetivo de difundir una visión triunfalista del conflicto en una sociedad que estaba sufriendo fuertes transformaciones. Estos periódicos de guerra, que se imprimían con papel y tinta fabricados en el país, utilizaron una serie de estrategias para llegar a un público más amplio: se publicaron en guaraní, lengua que hablaba la mayor parte de la población, usaron un tono satírico e incorporaron imágenes. En vista de la relevancia que estos periódicos tuvieron para el gobierno paraguayo, nos interesa analizar cuáles fueron las representaciones de la guerra difundidas por El Centinela (1867-1868), el primer periódico creado durante el conflicto y el que se convirtió en modelo a seguir para los periódicos fundados con posterioridad.; The government of Paraguay during the course of the Triple Alliance War (1864-1870) created four newspapers with the aim to spread a triumphalist vision of the conflict in a society that was suffering strong transformations. These newspapers of war, which were printed with paper and ink made in Paraguay, used a series of strategies to get to a wider public: they were published in Guarani, language spoken by most of the population, they used a satirical tone and incorporated images. In view of the relevancy that these newspapers had for the Paraguayan government, we are interested in analyzing which were the representations of the war spread by El Centinela (1867-1868), the first newspaper created during the conflict and the one that turned into a model for the newspapers founded later.

La dimensión argumentativa en la entrevista de campo: el espacio biográfico como topo fundamental: Estudio de caso; The Argumentative Dimension in a Field Interview: The Biographical Field as an Essential Setting: Case Study Aráoz, Isabel El objetivo del presente trabajo es abordar la dimensión argumentativa presente en la entrevista de campo a partir de un estudio de caso. La entrevista recupera las experiencias de estudiantes beneficiados con becas económicas que posibilitan la permanencia en el nivel educativo superior universitario y la obtención del título percibido como un medio legítimo de ascenso social. Lo argumentativo se construye, fundamentalmente, como un topo biográfico que certifica la posición y la identidad del sujeto entrevistado por medio de la narración de la propia vida. Tomaremos dos entrevistas como ejemplos representativos de un universo mayor. Para el análisis de los argumentos, que concretizan el topo biográfico, utilizaremos como categorías centrales las nociones de “contradicción, problematización, roles argumentativos, actantes y actores, tipos de argumentos” propuestas por Plantin (2004) como dispositivos básicos de la dimensión argumentativa, junto al concepto de “ley de paso” de Toulmin (1958). Podemos advertir que las entrevistas construyen el espacio de lo social a través de la narración de la experiencia individual. El relato de los entrevistados presenta como estructura básica tres momentos característicos: “desventaja, esfuerzo y recompensa”.; The aim of the following paper is to deal with the argumentative dimension, which is introduced in the field interview of a case study. The interviews collect the experiences of students who have economic benefits (scholarships) that make possible their continuance in the university superior level, and thus the obtaining of the degree as a legal mean of social mobility. The argumentative dimension is built, mainly, as a biography that certifies the position and the identity of the individual interviewed, who tells about his or her own life. We are going to take two interviews as examples that represent a major group. We will also take into account as central categories the notions of “contradiction, approaching, argumentative roles, actors, and types of story lines” to make an analysis that builds the biography. These concepts were proposed by Plantin (2004) as the basic elements of the argumentative dimension. We are also going to bear in mind the concept of the “passing law” posed by Toulmin (1958). These interviews build the social space through the narration of the individual experience. The accounts of the people interviewed present three typical moments which are introduced as the basic structure: “disadvantage, effort and reward”.

Indigenous microorganisms as potential bioremediators for environments contaminated with heavy metals Colin, Veronica Leticia; Villegas, Liliana Beatriz; Abate, Carlos Mauricio Heavy metal pollution is one the most serious environmental problems facing our planet today, and immediate solutions are needed. Heavy metals such as copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) play an important role as trace elements in biochemical reactions, but these metals are toxic at higher concentrations. In our region, mining and industrial activities have led to large-scale copper contamination in the environment. All organisms have homeostasis mechanisms for this metal, but when these controls fail or are exceeded several toxicological processes can develop.Problems involving Cr contamination are related to the fact that Argentina is an important world producer of leather. A chromium compound is used as a tanning agent, which has resulted in severe contamination near tanneries, with a mix of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). At present, the conventional technologies used to remove heavy metals from the environment involve physicochemical processes, which are costly and require large amounts of energy and specialized equipment. However, microbe-based removal is now considered to be an effective alternative method to the conventional processes and is receiving greater levels of interest for potential uses in bioremediation.This review discusses the toxic effects of Cu and Cr on the environment and on human health, as well as possible approaches for bioremediation of these metals using native microbes from our region.

Θαύματα hagiográficos y αὐτόματα de la Edad de Oro Cavallero, Pablo Adrian A partir del mito de la Edad de Oro y de la producción, en ella, de bienes automáticos, se analizan algunas referencias literarias medievales, seleccionadas del género hagiográfico, en las que se producen lo que habitualmente llamamos "milagros" y que se interpretan como una "cristianización" de los fenómenos asombrosos de los paganos antiguos. En unos y otros se busca una "espontaneidad" de bienes que hacen añorar una etapa perdida.; Starting from the myth of the Golden Age and the production of its automatic holdings, some medieval literary references are analyzed selected from the hagiographic genre. There, what we habitually call miracles appear and are interpreted as a Christianization of the amazing phenomena of the ancient pagans. In each others the spontaneity of those holdings seems to be missing a lost stage.

¿Herederos de Mayo y la Constitución de 1853? Liberalismo y antiliberalismo en el debate sobre la reforma constitucional de 1949 Martinez Mazzola, Ricardo Hernan El artículo aborda las reconfiguraciones que los discursos peronista y antiperonista experimentaron en el proceso que condujo a la reforma constitucional de 1949. En particular da cuenta del modo en que la posición ante la tradición liberal se convirtió en un parteaguas en el que se expresó, y profundizó, el enfrentamiento político. Reconstruye los argumentos que peronistas, radicales y socialistas sostuvieron en distintas arenas –el Parlamento Nacional, la tribuna pública, la Convención Constituyente- subrayando cómo en ellos se expresaba una profunda disputa acerca de la historia política argentina y del papel que en esa historia, y en particular en la formulación que en la Constitución de 1853, había cumplido la tradición liberal. El artículo concluye mostrando cómo una perspectiva atenta al carácter co-constitutivo de las identidades permite echar luz sobre la significación de la coyuntura de la reforma constitucional en una historia más larga de las tradiciones políticas argentinas.

A novel hybrid promoter responsive to pathophysiological and pharmacological regulation Subang, Maria C.; Fatah, Rewas; Bright, Carly; Blanco, Patricia; Berenstein, Mariana Gisela; Wu, Ying; Podhajcer, Osvaldo Luis; Winyard, Paul G.; Chernajovsky, Yuti; Gould, David The aim of this study was to construct a promoter containing DNA motifs for an endogenous transcription factor associated with inflammation along with motifs for pharmacological regulation factors. We demonstrate in transfected cells that expression of a gene of interest is induced by hypoxic conditions or through pharmacological induction, and also show pharmacological repression. In vivo studies utilised electroporation of plasmid to mouse paws, a delivery method shown to be effective by bioluminescence imaging. For gene therapy, the promoter was used to drive expression of IL-1Ra in a paw inflammation model with therapeutic effect observed which was further enhanced when the promoter was additionally induced with a pharmacological activator. One of the most important observations from this study was that promoter induction by hypoxia or inflammation could be prevented by the pharmacological repressor in the absence of doxycycline. These studies demonstrate that hybrid promoters enable pharmacological adjustment to the pathophysiological level of gene expression and, importantly, that they allow termination of gene expression even in the presence of pathophysiological stimuli.

Retinal changes in an experimental model of early type 2 diabetes in rats characterized by non-fasting hyperglycemia Salido, Ezequiel Martin; de Zavalia, Nuria Maria Asuncion; Schreier, Laura Ester; de Laurentiis, Andrea; Rettori, Valeria; Chianelli, Monica Silvia; Keller Sarmiento, Maria Ines; Arias, Pablo; Rosenstein, Ruth Estela Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of acquired blindness in young, but also in elder adults, mostly affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this work was to develop an experimental model of early human T2DM in adult rats, and to analyze retinal functional, morphological, and biochemical changes arising during the early stages of the moderate metabolic derangement. For this purpose, animals were divided in four groups: adult male Wistar rats receiving: tap water and citrate buffer i.p. (group 1), tap water with 30% sucrose and citrate buffer i.p. (group 2), tap water and 25 mg/kg i.p streptozotocin (STZ, group 3), or 30% sucrose and STZ (group 4). Fasting and postprandial glycemia, fructosamine and serum insulin levels were assessed. In addition, i.p. glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Retinal function (electroretinogram, ERG) and morphology (optical microscopy), retinal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (using 3H-arginine), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), and TNFα levels (ELISA) were evaluated. At 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, animals which received a sucrose-enriched diet and STZ showed significant differences in most metabolic tests, as compared with the other groups. At 12 weeks of treatment, a significant decrease in the ERG a- and b- wave and oscillatory potential amplitudes, and a significant increase in retinal NOS activity, TBARS, TNFα, glial fibrillary acidic protein in Müller cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were observed. These results indicate that the combination of diet-induced insulin resistance and a slight secretory impairment resulting from a low-dose STZ treatment mimics some features of human T2DM at its initial stages, and provokes significant retinal alterations.

Relación entre condiciones habitacionales y mortalidad infantil en la provincia del Chaco (Argentina). Determinación de diferentes escenarios posibles Ponce, Blanca Elizabeth; Fantin, María Alejandra Las condiciones de la vivienda han sido reconocidas como una de las principales determinantes sociales de la salud humana. Las deficiencias en la vivienda y el saneamiento constituyen un determinante reiterado del exceso de mortalidad y una característica sistemáticamente vinculada a los niveles de pobreza, el rezago socioeconómico y la inequidad territorial en América Latina y el Caribe. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo obtener una clasificación de las áreas programáticas de la provincia del Chaco en función de sus características habitacionales y niveles de mortalidad infantil; mediante el análisis de componentes principales y el análisis de cluster. La provincia del Chaco, se sitúa en el nordeste de la República Argentina e integra la región del Norte Grande Argentino. Geopolíticamente pertenece a un área periférica, con una débil y estacionaria economía, ubicándose entre las provincias más deficitarias.; The housing conditions have been recognized as one of major social determinants of health. The deficiencies in housing and sanitation are a major determinant of excess mortality repeatedly and consistently feature linked to the levels of poverty, socio-economic backwardness and territorial inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean. The present Work aims to obtain a classification of the program areas of the province of Chaco in terms of housing characteristics and levels of child mortality by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.

Fazer cultura: fazer(-se) estado: vernissages e performatividade de estado em Córdoba Blazquez, Gustavo Como assinalam Bourdieu (1994) e Taussig (1992), entre outros, entregarse à tarefa de pensar analiticamente o Estado é expor-se ao perigo de sucumbir a seu encantamento. O brilho, fálico talvez, seu caráter de fetiche e seu “E” maiúsculo têm o poder mágico de fazer com que nos percamos entre suas representações e em seus efeitos encantados e encantadores. Enquanto trabalhadores do Estado, empregados públicos da Ciência e do Saber universitário, também corremos o risco de encantar nossas próprias crenças sobre as formas de organização estatal com os discursos doutos que produzimos, mantendo-as intactas e fora de qualquer crítica. Conscientes destes perigos e com a pretensão talvez também mágica de dar conta do Estado, buscaremos, com o auxílio da Antropologia, desnaturalizar um certo “senso comum intelectual”.; The present article explores processes of State formation and government cultural policies in Córdoba (Argentina) during the first half of the 21st century. Analyzing the cerimonies that attend the inauguration of art exhibits – vernissages – we discuss the performative dimensions of State practices that, in the name of culture, “make the State” through highly esteticized forms which appeal to the senses. In these performances, the State is materialized in two ways. The “magic of the State” occurs when interdependent relationships between agents appears and is institutionalized and also when na attractive image materializes that destined to reinforce this distinction as a resource for the production of hegemony.

Beneficial effects of Neotyphodium tembladerae and Neotyphodium pampeanum on a wild forage grass Iannone, Leopoldo Javier; Pinget, Albertina Daniela; Nagabhyru, P.; Schardl, C. L.; De Battista, J. P. Asexual, vertically transmitted fungal endophytes of the genus Neotyphodium are considered to enhance growth, stress resistance and competitiveness of agronomic grasses, but have been suggested to have neutral or deleterious effects on wild grasses. We studied whether the associations between Bromus auleticus and their endophytes, Neotyphodium pampeanum and Neotyphodium tembladerae, are beneficial for this wild forage grass native to South America. In a greenhouse experiment, 3-month-old endophyte-infected plants (E+) showed enhanced growth relative to their endophyte-free counterparts (E−). In a one-year-long experiment in the field, E+ plants showed higher survival and regrowth rate, and produced more biomass and seeds than E− plants. Only with respect to the seed output did N. tembladerae seem to be detrimental, whereas N. pampeanum did not affect this parameter. No differences were observed with respect to the germination of seeds produced by E+ or E− plants. Loline alkaloids were detected in N. pampeanum-infected plants. Our results show that, similar to results with agronomic grasses, in wild grasses, the symbiosis with Neotyphodium species could be mutualistic.

Modelling the effect of temperature and water activity of Aspergillus flavus isolates from corn Astoreca, Andrea Luciana; Vaamonde, Graciela; Dalcero, Ana Maria; Ramos, A. J.; Marin, S. The aim of this study was to model the effects of temperature (10–40 °C) and aw (0.80–0.98), in two media (Czapek yeast agar: CYA; corn extract medium: CEM) on the growth rates and growth boundaries (growth–no growth interface) of three strains of A. flavus isolated from corn in Argentina. Both kinetic and probability models were applied to colony growth data. The growth rates obtained in CYA were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than those obtained in CEM medium. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the three isolates. The growth rate data showed a good fit to the Rosso cardinal models combined with the gamma-concept with R2 = 0.98–0.99 and RMSE = 0.60–0.78, depending on media and isolates. The probability model allowed prediction of safe storage (p of growth < 0.01) for one month for moist maize (e.g. 0.90 aw) provided temperature is under 15 °C, or for dry maize (e.g. 0.80 aw) provided temperature is under 27 °C. Storage at < 0.77 aw would be safe regardless of the storage temperature. Probability models allow evaluation of the risk of fungal contamination in the process of storage, so the results obtained in this study may be useful for application in systems of food safety management.