Revalidación de Liolaemus choique Abdala, Quinteros, Scrocchi y Stazzonelli, 2010 (Iguania: Liolaemidae); Revalidation of Liolaemus choique Abdala, Quinteros, Scrocchi & Stazzonelli, 2010(Iguania: Liolaemidae) Ruiz, Maria Soledad; Ruiz Monachesi, Mario Ricardo; Abdala, Cristian Simón The description of Liolaemus choique was based on an exhaustive morphological diagnosis. However, a posterior phylogeographic study suggested that it would be a junior synonym of L. smaug. Herein, we present morphological behavioral and distributional data indicating that L. choique would be considered as a valid species. Therefore, we suggest to revalidate L. choique, as a distinct taxon from L. smaug

Origin, distribution, and geochemistry of arsenic in the Altiplano-Puna plateau of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Perú Tapia Zamora, Joseline; Murray, Jesica María; Ormachea Muñoz, Mauricio; Tirado Bustillos, Noemi Sandra; Nordstrom, Darrel Kirk Elevated concentrations of arsenic in water supplies represent a worldwide health concern. In at least 14 countries of South America, high levels have been detected relative to international standards and guidelines. Within these countries, the high plateau referred to as the “Altiplano-Puna”, encompassing areas of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Perú, exhibits high arsenic concentrations that could be affecting 3 million inhabitants. The origins of arsenic in the Altiplano-Puna plateau are diverse and are mainly natural in origin. Of the natural sources, the most important correspond to mineral deposits, brines, hot springs, and volcanic rocks, whereas anthropogenic sources are related to mining activities and the release of acid mine drainage (AMD). Arsenic is found in all water types of the Altiplano-Puna plateau over a wide range of concentrations (0.01 mg·L−1 < As in water > 10 mg·L−1) which in decreasing order correspond to: AMD, brines, saline waters, hot springs, rivers affected by AMD, rivers and lakes, and groundwater. Despite the few studies which report As speciation, this metalloid appears mostly in its oxidized form (As[V]) and its mobility is highly susceptible to the influence of dry and wet seasons. Once arsenic is released from its natural sources, it also precipitates in secondary minerals where it is generally stable in the form of saline precipitates and Fe oxides. In relation to human health, arsenic adaptation has been detected in some aboriginal communities of the Puna together with an efficient metabolism of this metalloid. Also, the inefficient methylation of inorganic As in women of the Altiplano might lead to adverse health effects such as cancer. Despite the health risks of living in this arsenic-rich environment with limited water resources, not all of the Altiplano-Puna is properly characterized and there exists a lack of information regarding the basic geochemistry of arsenic in the region.

Extensive loss of cell-cycle and DNA repair genes in an ancient lineage of bipolar budding yeasts Steenwyk, Jacob L.; Opulente, Dana A.; Kominek, Jacek; Shen, Xing-Xing; Zhou, Xiaofan; Labella, Abigail L.; Bradley, Noah P.; Eichman, Brandt F.; Cadez, Neza; Libkind Frati, Diego; DeVirgilio, Jeremy; Hulfachor, Amanda Beth; Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Hittinger, Chris Todd; Rokas, Antonis Cell-cycle checkpoints and DNA repair processes protect organisms from potentially lethal mutational damage. Compared to other budding yeasts in the subphylum Saccharomycotina, we noticed that a lineage in the genus Hanseniaspora exhibited very high evolutionary rates, low Guanine–Cytosine (GC) content, small genome sizes, and lower gene numbers. To better understand Hanseniaspora evolution, we analyzed 25 genomes, including 11 newly sequenced, representing 18/21 known species in the genus. Our phylogenomic analyses identify two Hanseniaspora lineages, a faster-evolving lineage (FEL), which began diversifying approximately 87 million years ago (mya), and a slower-evolving lineage (SEL), which began diversifying approximately 54 mya. Remarkably, both lineages lost genes associated with the cell cycle and genome integrity, but these losses were greater in the FEL. E.g., all species lost the cell-cycle regulator WHIskey 5 (WHI5), and the FEL lost components of the spindle checkpoint pathway (e.g., Mitotic Arrest-Deficient 1 [MAD1], Mitotic Arrest-Deficient 2 [MAD2]) and DNA-damage–checkpoint pathway (e.g., Mitosis Entry Checkpoint 3 [MEC3], RADiation sensitive 9 [RAD9]). Similarly, both lineages lost genes involved in DNA repair pathways, including the DNA glycosylase gene 3-MethylAdenine DNA Glycosylase 1 (MAG1), which is part of the base-excision repair pathway, and the DNA photolyase gene PHotoreactivation Repair deficient 1 (PHR1), which is involved in pyrimidine dimer repair. Strikingly, the FEL lost 33 additional genes, including polymerases (i.e., POLymerase 4 [POL4] and POL32) and telomere-associated genes (e.g., Repressor/ activator site binding protein-Interacting Factor 1 [RIF1], Replication Factor A 3 [RFA3], Cell Division Cycle 13 [CDC13], Pbp1p Binding Protein [PBP2]). Echoing these losses, molecular evolutionary analyses reveal that, compared to the SEL, the FEL stem lineage underwent a burst of accelerated evolution, which resulted in greater mutational loads, homopolymer instabilities, and higher fractions of mutations associated with the common endogenously damaged base, 8-oxoguanine. We conclude that Hanseniaspora is an ancient lineage that has diversified and thrived, despite lacking many otherwise highly conserved cell-cycle and genome integrity genes and pathways, and may represent a novel, to our knowledge, system for studying cellular life without them.

Exploring the response of Actinobacteria to the presence of phosphorus salts sources: Metabolic and co-metabolic processes Solans, Mariana; Messuti, Maria Ines; Reiner, Gabriela de Las Nieves; Boenel, Micaela; Vobis, Gernot; Wall, Luis Gabriel; Scervino, Jose Martin This study tested the solubilization of phosphorus by five actinobacterial strains in liquid media containing Ca 3 PO 4 ; AlPO 4 or FePO 4 as the sole phosphate source, and discusses the possible mechanisms involved in this process. P solubilization by different strains was accompanied by a significant drop in pH from 7.0 to 2.15–5.0 after 14 days. The efficiency of different strains depended on the P-source. Streptomyces spp. MM140 and MM141 were the most efficient in solubilizing Ca 3 PO 4 , MM136, and MM141 were the most efficient in solubilizing AlPO 4 , while all strains were equally efficient in solubilizing FePO 4 . Gluconic, oxalic, citric, malic, succinic, formic, and acetic acid were detected in the medium with Ca 3 PO 4 , while all except acetic acid were detected in the media with FePO 4 or AlPO 4 . Although we did not use an organic source of phosphorus in the media, all strains produced acid and alkaline phosphatase. It is concluded from this study that actinobacteria produced multiple organic acids followed by a decrease in the pH to solubilize phosphate salts. As well as producing phosphatase, these microorganisms were found to have different ways of making P available, suggesting an ecological advantage as they form part of soil microbiomes important for plants.

Religión, utopía y revolución: Documentos del Movimiento Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo, 1968–1973 Zaros, Agustina Adela; Fernandez, Natalia Soledad; Monjeau Castro, Catalina; Ruffa, María Julieta El “Movimiento de Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo” (MSTM) se inició en 1967 influenciado por la encíclica Populorum Progressio redactada por el Papa Pablo vi. Dieciocho obispos, de diferentes países del Tercer Mundo, firmaron un documento, conocido luego como “Manifiesto de los 18 Obispos” que interpeló a los sacerdotes argentinos. A partir de allí, surgieron iniciativas que impulsaron la necesidad de una “nueva vida sacerdotal” comprometida con las necesidades del pueblo que tuviera acciones y participación “concreta” en la convulsionada vida política argentina de fines de la década del sesenta. Desde una perspectiva sociológica, nos proponemos como objetivo describir y analizar esa reformulación de la vida sacerdotal en un corpus de documentos oficiales ligados al MSTM. Se analizarán los veintiocho números de la revista Enlace, publicación bimestral editada por el Movimiento, que hizo su aparición en septiembre de 1968 con el objeto de “ser un signo de encuentro y enlace” de los Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo y que duró hasta 1973, momento en que el grupo Movimiento dejó de existir.

Chemical reactions affecting halloysite dispersion in epoxy nanocomposites Sánchez, Manuel; Uicich, Julieta Fabienne; Arenas, Gustavo Francisco; Rodriguez, Exequiel Santos; Montemartini, Pablo Ezequiel; Penoff, Marcela Elisabeth Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have attracted a technologic and scientific attention as reinforcements of epoxy-basednanocomposites. However, their reported interaction with epoxy matrices is varied and the controlled dispersion of HNTs is still a challenge. In this work, we study the effect of chemical reactions taking place in the dispersion process of halloysite and their possible influence in the composite?s properties. HNTs? surface was modified through an alkaline treatment and by grafting two aminosilanes withdifferent chain lengths and functionality numbers. Evidence of homopolymerization and degradation reactions was found, dependingon the surface treatment. The rheological study indicated that an interconnected network can be achieved in epoxy/HNTs blendsdepending on the surface chemical characteristics of the nanofillers and the blending method. The better dispersion was accomplishedwhen ultrasonicating with the aid of a solvent. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are not warranted byselecting a dispersion method

Producción de leche en Argentina: un análisis de los quiebres estructurales para predicción Chara, Ana Laura; Vicentin Masaro, Jimena Muchos son los motivos por los que la cadena láctea argentina cobra especial relevancia en la economía nacional: el valor agregado generado, el ingreso de divisas por exportaciones y el gran requerimiento de mano de obra. Además, los productos son variados, arraigados a la idiosincrasia del país, fundamentales para la nutrición saludable e integrantes de la canasta básicas de los consumidores. Por ello, el Estado suele intervenir la cadena introduciendo políticas sectoriales para contener los precios internos o para amortiguar efectos de acontecimientos naturales. Desdehace años, el sector atraviesa distintas crisis, combinadas con procesos de cambios en su funcionamiento y estructura. El eslabón primario resulta crítico en el proceso y, aunque los reclamos sectoriales giran en torno a los precios recibidos, actualmente se encuentra en boga el proceso de concentración y los efectos sobre la competitividad del sector. En este contexto, el trabajo modela la serie univariada de la producción argentina de leche cruda entre 1983?2016 por medio de la metodología Box?Jekins, estudiando la presencia de quiebres estructurales econométricamente y conectándolos con los sucesos y políticas del momento; luego, se utiliza el modelo para predecir la evolución futura. Como resultados se encuentran tres quiebres estructurales, el primero a principios de los ?90, el segundo a finales de dicha década y el tercero a finales de 2003. El modelo que los incorpora permite realizar predicciones que muestran similar evolución a la realidad y que pronostican una recuperación moderada de la producción para fin de año.

Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto associated with head blight on rye (Secale cereal L.) in Argentina Martínez, Mauro; Dinolfo, María Inés; Castañares, Eliana; Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases that occurs in cereal regions worldwide and causes serious economic damage. This disease can be caused by several Fusarium species with Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto being the most common pathogen isolated from several crops. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of F. graminearum sensu stricto on rye grains collected from field samples in Argentina and to determine the potential ability to produce deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEA). Based on morphological characteristics, the isolate was identified as F. graminearum sensu stricto. To confirm molecularly, portions of the RED and TRI genes were sequenced and showed 99% similarity with the F. graminearum sensu stricto sequences available in the NCBI database. The potential to produce DON, 15-ADON and ZEA was determined. Moreover, Koch´s postulates were carried out. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. graminearum sensu stricto associated with rye kernels in Argentina.

Influence of Hepatitis C virus coinfection on immune reconstitution in HIV subjects Badano, Maria Noel; Parodi, María Cecilia; Aloisi Zavala, Natalia Andrea; Corti, Marcelo; Elizalde de Bracco, María Marta; Baré, Patricia Despite successful HIV suppression by antiretroviral treatment (ART), immune activation may persist in HIV patients, contributing to an impaired immunological reconstitution and disease progression. Information regarding Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection as a factor that accounts for immune activation in HIV subjects remains unclear. Furthermore, most studies have been carried out considering HIV/HCV patients as a whole, without taking into account the presence or absence of liver damage. Therefore, it is unknown if HCV and/or its liver-related disease could act as two independent factors contributing to the immune activation. In this study, we investigated the presence of immune activation in a cohort of 50 HIV/HCV patients by measuring cytokine levels, CD4+ T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios. Six patient groups were defined according to HIV viral load, HCV status, and liver disease to assess the impact of each of these factors on immune activation and reconstitution in HIV/HCV patients. Only subjects with controlled HIV infection and cleared HCV displayed immunological parameters within normal ranges. The mere presence of HCV contributes to immune activation leading to an inappropriate immunological reconstitution. This state exacerbates in the presence of HCV-associated liver disease. Our results suggest that ART is not enough to suppress immune activation in the context of HIV/HCV coinfection, since both HCV and its liver-related disease would contribute to the immune activation. Given that immune activation worsens immunological reconstitution and clinical status, these results support the priority of HCV treatment in HIV/HCV patients and suggest the monitoring of their liver status.

The sensory machinery of the head louse pediculus humanus capitis: From the antennae to the brain Ortega Insaurralde, Isabel; Minoli, Sebastian Antonio; Toloza, Ariel Ceferino; Picollo, Maria Ines; Barrozo, Romina Insect antennae are sophisticated sensory organs, usually covered with sensory structures responsible for the detection of relevant signals of different modalities coming from the environment. Despite the relevance of the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis as a human parasite, the role of its antennal sensory system in the highly dependent relation established with their hosts has been barely studied. In this work, we present a functional description of the antennae of these hematophagous insects by applying different approaches, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), anterograde antennal fluorescent backfills, and behavioral experiments with intact or differentially antennectomized lice. Results constitute a first approach to identify and describe the head louse antennal sensilla and to determine the role of the antenna in host recognition. SEM images allowed us to identify a total of 35–40 sensilla belonging to seven different morphological types that according to their external architecture are candidates to bear mechano-, thermo-, hygro-, or chemo-receptor functions. The anterograde backfills revealed a direct neural pathway to the ipsilateral antennal lobe, which includes 8–10 glomerular-like diffuse structures. In the two-choice behavioral experiments, intact lice chose scalp chemicals and warm surfaces (i.e., 32°C) and avoided wet substrates. Behavioral preferences disappeared after ablation of the different flagellomeres of their antenna, allowing us to discuss about the location and function of the different identified sensilla. This is the first study that integrates morphological and behavioral aspects of the sensory machinery of head lice involved in host perception.

Lipotoxicidad en músculo esquelético y su relación con la resistencia insulínica. Estudios en un modelo experimental de síndrome metabólico Oliva, Maria Eugenia; Ferreira Cordoneda, Maria del Rosario; Aiassa, Victoria; D´Alessandro, María Eugenia Introducción: el acúmulo de lípidos en el músculo esquelético seencuentra estrechamente vinculado con el desarrollo de la resistenciainsulínica. Esta última cumple un rol patogénico central enel desarrollo de numerosos desórdenes metabólicos incluidos enel síndrome metabólico.Objetivos: analizar algunas vías metabólicas implicadas en elacúmulo de lípidos en el músculo esquelético y su asociacióncon la resistencia insulínica en un modelo experimental quemimetiza el fenotipo del síndrome metabólico humano.Materiales y métodos: ratas macho Wistar recibieron una dietacontrol (DC) o una dieta rica en sacarosa (DRS) durante seismeses. Al final del período experimental se analizó en músculoesquelético gastrocnemio: contenido de triglicéridos (TG),acil-CoA de cadena larga y diacilglicerol, actividad enzimáticacarnitina palmitoil transferasa muscular (M-CPT1, M-CPT2 yM-CPT total) y masa proteica del PPARα, AMPK y AMPKp. Sedeterminaron los niveles séricos de TG, AGNE, glucosa, insulina,TNFα y adiponectina. La sensibilidad insulínica se midió porla técnica clamp euglucémica-hiperinsulinémica.Resultados: en los animales alimentados con DRS la dislipemia,hiperglucemia moderada, insensibilidad insulínica e incrementodel contenido de especies lipídicas en el músculo esqueléticose acompañaron de una disminución en la actividadenzimática M-CPT1 y M-CPT total, y un descenso de la masaproteica del PPARα. Además se observó una reducción de lamasa proteica de la AMPKp, la cual se correlacionó con bajosniveles de adiponectina y elevados niveles de TNFα séricos.Conclusiones: los resultados aportan nuevos datos sobre algunosmecanismos involucrados en el desarrollo de la lipotoxicidad en elmúsculo esquelético en ratas dislipémicas insulinorresistentes.

Juventudes y TIC: Estados locales frente al abordaje de la promoción de la lectura Pereyra, Eduardo Javier El presente artículo pone en discusión una serie de afirmaciones en torno a la supuesta “crisis de lectura” en las juventudes; las miradas clásicas respecto a qué, cómo y cuándo los jóvenes deben leer y respecto a los paradigmas más clásicos y conservadores sobre cómo se define y aborda la cuestión juvenil desde el Estado. A partir de ello, el objetivo central es dar relevancia a la capacidad de los Estados locales en el abordaje las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para intervenir en la promoción de la lectura implementando políticas públicas juveniles que se orienten a la generación de condiciones para que los jóvenes puedan autorealizarse y a su vez puedan participar en la construcción de la realidad social en la que se insertan.

Eco-friendly anti-felting treatment of wool top based on biosurfactant and enzymes Iglesias, Martín Sebastián; Sequeiros, Cynthia; García, Sebastián; Olivera, Nelda Lila Anti-felting processes with low environmental impacts are important for improving wool fiber attributes, especially if fiber is intended for the organic market. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of proteolytic enzymes, alone or in combination with Bacillus subtilis O9 biosurfactant (surfactin), to reduce felting of Merino wool top. Different concentrations of extracellular proteolytic extracts from Bacillus sp. G51 and Bacillus patagoniensis PATO5 T were used to treat wool top. As indicated by the felt-ball test results, a significant decrease in wool felting tendency was achieved using 50 and 150 Enzyme Units (EU)/g wool of PATO5 T and G51 proteases, respectively. Neither of these treatments caused a significant reduction in wool tensile strength. The addition of a pre-treatment step with biosurfactant surfactin, at a concentration above the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC), further reduced felting tendency of wool. The combination of biosurfactant pre-treatment followed by B. patagoniensis PATO5 T protease treatment rendered the significantly smallest felt-ball density (0.049 ± 0.004 g/cm 3 ), without a significant loss in tensile strength. In PATO5 T proteolytic extract, enzyme aggregates ≥100 kDa account for about 50% of the proteolytic activity. This could reduce the velocity of protease diffusion into wool fiber, promoting its action on wool surface. According to our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the usefulness of a biosufactant in an environmental-friendly process aimed at reducing wool top felting.

White y Ricoeur: dos visiones ejemplares sobre la narrativa histórica; White and Ricoeur: two exemplary visions of historical narrative Navarro, Jorge Fernando Hayden White, iniciador de lo que hoy se conoce como el narrativismo, sostiene que toda experiencia puede ser narrada y, en tal sentido, defiende un enfoque formal y textualista para pensar la filosofía de la historia. De este modo, en tanto el relato histórico es considerado una forma discursiva dirigida a la audiencia del presente, el problema de la verdad de lo relatado pierde centralidad. Contra la devaluación del acontecimiento, Paul Ricoeur, en cambio, ha mostrado la riqueza de sostener una simbiosis intelectual entre el concepto de narración y el de acontecimiento, sin que ello signifique concebir a este último como algo efectivamente producido en el pasado. Este artículo se propone exponer los argumentos centrales respecto del problema crucial de la narración histórica, que es sustentada por cada uno de los filósofos. Además y, fundamentalmente, analizar las razones esgrimidas por Ricoeur para criticar el narrativismo de White.; Hayden White, initiator of what is now known as narrativism, argues that all experience can be narrated and, in that sense, defends a formal and textualist approach to think about the philosophy of history. Thus, while the historical account is considered a discursive form addressed to the audience of the present, the problem of the truth of the story loses centrality. Against the devaluation of the event, Paul Ricoeur, on the other hand, has shown the richness of sustaining an intellectual symbiosis between the concept of narration and that of event, without this meaning conceiving the latter as something actually produced in the past. This article intends to present the central arguments regarding the crucial problem of historical narration, which is supported by each of the philosophers. In addition it analyzes the reasons put forward by Ricoeur to criticize White's narrativism...

Subcritical fluid extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Nuts: Experiments, modeling, and optimization Bodoira, Romina Mariana; Velez, Alexis; Rovetto, Laura Jorgelina; Ribotta, Pablo Daniel; Maestri, Damian; Martinez, Marcela Lilian A process to obtain phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties from pistachio nuts using water/ethanol mixture under high temperature and pressure conditions was carried out. To optimize extraction conditions and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds, theoretical models were scanned against experimental data. Phenolic profile was dominated by several flavonoids and gallic acid derivatives. A fitted model for phenolic compounds extraction presented a maximum predicted value under the following conditions: 220 °C extraction temperature, 6.5 MPa pressure, and 50% ethanol. Beneath these conditions, phenolic extracts gave the highest radical scavenging capacity, similar to that reached by using commercial antioxidants. A mathematical model, namely two-site desorption kinetic model, showed to be suitable for the description of extraction kinetics under the optimal operation conditions. Overall, the process described in this study shows a potential alternative method for extraction of pistachio bioactive compounds. Practical Application: Pistachio nuts are known to contain a vast array of phenolic and polyphenolic substances having strong antioxidant properties. Currently, the use of natural antioxidants in the food industry has increased, in consequence there is a growing interest in improving the extraction processes using GRAS (general recognize as safe) solvents. This study describes a safe, inexpensive, and short-time method (subcritical fluid extraction) to obtain antioxidant extracts from defatted pistachio nuts. This type of process may be adapted toward applications at industrial scale.

Enhancement of composition and oxidative stability of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil by blending with specialty oils Bordón, María Gabriela; Meriles, Silvina Patricia; Ribotta, Pablo Daniel; Martinez, Marcela Lilian Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) oil is mainly composed of ω-3 fatty acids (61% to 70%). Despite being nutritionally favorable, higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids result in poorer oxidative stability. Thus, the aim of this work was to produce edible vegetable oil blends rich in ω-3 fatty acids and with greater oxidative stability than pure chia oil. Blending of chia with other specialty oils (walnut, almond, virgin, and roasted sesame oils) was assessed in the following respective proportions: 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 (v/v). An accelerated storage test was conducted (40 ± 1 °C, 12 days). Primary and secondary oxidation products, free fatty acid content, antioxidant compounds, fatty acid composition, and induction time were determined. The blends presented higher oxidative stability indices than chia oil. Sensory analysis showed that, given a pure oil, judges did not identify statistically significant differences among the blends. The results suggest that blending of chia oil is an adequate alternative to obtain ω-3-enriched oils with higher oxidative stability indices. Practical Application: Vegetable oil blending is a widely used practice in the edible oil industry to produce blended oils with enhanced stability and nutritional and sensory properties at affordable prices. The blends developed in this study from chia, sesame, walnut, and almond oils take advantage of the properties of each parent oil to yield products with improved oxidative stability, essential fatty acid presence, and sensory characteristics. To achieve a daily intake of 2.22 g/day of ω-3 fatty acids as recommended by the Intl. Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL), it is necessary to consume approximately one spoonful of the formulated mixtures.

Environmental constraints to native woody species recruitment in invaded mountain woodlands of central Argentina Ferreras, Ana Elisa; Whitworth Hulse, Juan Ignacio; Tecco, Paula Andrea; Marcora, Paula Inés; Funes, Guillermo Nowadays forests, which were formerly considered resistant to invasion due to its shady understories, are been transformed to invaded landscapes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the regeneration of native woody species in Ligustrum lucidum invaded woodlands. In addition, we aim to identify the main environmental differences between the native and invaded woodlands and evaluate the effect of those conditions in the regeneration phase of dominant native woody species. Finally, we analyze how is the emergence and survival of the exotic species in relation to that exhibited by native species in both environmental situations. For this, we performed a seed addition experiment placing three native woody species (Celtis ehrenbergiana, Lithraea molleoides, Vachellia caven) and the dominant exotic (L. lucidum) in native and invaded woodlands of the Chaco mountains, central Argentina. Also, we performed a laboratory experiment simulating the differences in light recorded at the field (main abiotic difference between both woodland types). Our field experiment indicated that, if seeds are actively added, the percentage of seedlings emergence of native species could be similar in invaded and native woodlands. However, we observed a trend of lower seedling survival after winter within the exotic monospecific stands, which was significant only for the native species C. ehrenbergiana. We suggest that this constraint could be partly related to the shadier conditions imposed by L. lucidum, since this is the major environmental change within the invaded woodlands in comparison with native ones. Consistently, the experimental simulation showed that the increased in shade reduced the overall growth of seedlings. As was mostly observed in temperate biome, our study in a subtropical seasonally dry region indicates that invaded areas may not affect the emergence stage but limit the survival of seedlings. Among the native species, C. ehrenbergiana seems to be the most suitable species to start restoration, showing the highest performance throughout the year. Combined actions of seed addition and canopy opening might counteract the abiotic constraint and contribute to restoration success of this invaded landscape.

Production planning and scheduling in Cyber-Physical Production Systems: a review Rossit, Daniel Alejandro; Tohmé, Fernando Abel; Frutos, Mariano The study of scheduling procedures has generated important contributions to the improvement of productivity in different industrial branches. In recent years, the incorporation of high technology to production systems brought the advent of a ‘fourth industrial revolution’, Industry 4.0. One of the mainstays of Industry 4.0 is the application of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), which are physical production systems that incorporate sophisticated computational tools. This implies embedding computers, enabling a real-time connection between workstations and Decision Support Systems. It seems natural, in this setting, to associate scheduling schemes to CPS. This allows streamlining the decision-making process, allowing more flexible and lean production lines. We review here the most salient contributions on scheduling in these environments. We distinguish between work on the basic issues of scheduling and that on scheduling as part of higher-level production planning activities. To frame correctly this distinction we analyse how CPS can embody the different levels of the ISA-95 structure and how this relates to the classical structure of production planning. Our review suggests that the real-time availability of information will have a significant impact in this area and that scheduling will be solved in the future in decentralised decision processes.

mPRs represent a novel target for PRL inhibition in experimental prolactinomas Camilletti, María Andrea; Abeledo Machado, Alejandra Inés; Perez, Pablo A.; Faraoni, Erika Yanil; de Fino, Fernanda Teresa; Rulli, Susana Beatriz; Ferraris, Maria Jimena; Pisera, Daniel Alberto; Gutiérrez, Silvina; Thomas, Peter Bruno Kurt; Diaz, Graciela Susana Membrane progesterone receptors are known to mediate rapid nongenomic progesterone effects in different cell types. Recent evidence revealed that mPRα is highly expressed in the rat pituitary, being primarily localized in lactotrophs, acting as an intermediary of P4-inhibitory actions on prolactin secretion. The role of mPRs in prolactinoma development remains unclear. We hypothesize that mPR agonists represent a novel tool for hyperprolactinemia treatment. To this end, pituitary expression of mPRs was studied in three animal models of prolactinoma. Expression of mPRs and nuclear receptor was significantly decreased in tumoral pituitaries compared to normal ones. However, the relative proportion of mPRα and mPRβ was highly increased in prolactinomas. Interestingly, the selective mPR agonist (Org OD 02-0) significantly inhibited PRL release in both normal and tumoral pituitary explants, displaying a more pronounced effect in tumoral tissues. As P4 also regulates PRL secretion indirectly, by acting on dopaminergic neurons, we studied mPR involvement in this effect. We found that the hypothalamus has a high expression of mPRs. Interestingly, both P4 and OrgOD 02-0 increased dopamine release in hypothalamus explants. Moreover, in an in vivo treatment, that allows both, pituitary and hypothalamus actions, the mPR agonist strongly reduced the hyperprolactinemia in transgenic females carrying prolactinoma. Finally, we also found and interesting gender difference: males express higher levels of pituitary mPRα/β, a sex that does not develop prolactinoma in these mice models. Taken together these findings suggest mPRs activation could represent a novel tool for hyperprolactinemic patients, especially those that present resistance to dopaminergic drugs.

Switching Divergences for Spectral Learning in Blind Speech Dereverberation Ibarrola, Francisco Javier; Spies, Ruben Daniel; Di Persia, Leandro Ezequiel When recorded in an enclosed room, a sound signal will most certainly get affected by reverberation. This not only undermines audio quality, but also poses a problem for many human-machine interaction technologies that use speech as their input. In this paper, a new blind, two-stage dereverberation approach based in a generalized beta-divergence as a fidelity term over a non-negative representation is proposed. The first stage consists of learning the spectral structure of the signal solely from the observed spectrogram, while the second stage is devoted to model reverberation. Both steps are taken by minimizing a cost function in which the aim is put either in constructing a dictionary or a good representation by changing the divergence involved. In addition, an approach for finding an optimal fidelity parameter for dictionary learning is proposed. An algorithm for implementing the proposed method is described and tested against state-of-the-art methods. Results show improvements for both artificial reverberation and real recordings.