Paradojas del Mundial Argentina 78: estilos, inversiones y rituales Roldan, Diego Pablo El trabajo se centra en analizar las paradojas ocasionadas por las continuidades y discontinuidades de los entramados históricos, sociales, culturales y políticos del Mundial 78. Al comienzo se centra en la figura del entonces Director Técnico de la Selección argentina, Cesar Luis Menotti; para luego dar cuenta de las tensiones internas de los sectores gobernantes en cuanto a los gastos que demandaba la realización del mismo; y finalmente problematizar en dos manifestaciones claves del evento deportivo: la ceremonia inaugural -y su vinculo con el mundo militar-, y las movilizaciones callejeras de festejo luego del triunfo final relacionadas con las líneas de fuga e inversión del carnaval.

On the interaction between focus and distributional properties in multidimensional poverty measurement Seth, Suman; Santos, Maria Emma In the multidimensional poverty measurement literature, most measures satisfy the deprivation focus property, which means that they disregard any improvement in non-deprived achievements. Such measures cannot satisfy strong distributional properties as traditionally defined, because the distributional transformations among the poor are allowed to take place among their non-deprived achievements. We formally address this incompatibility and propose a set of alternative definitions of distributional properties that restrict distributional transformations to take place only among deprived achievements. This alternative definition allows discerning within the set of measures that satisfy the deprivation focus property, those that are strongly sensitive to distributional transformations from those that are not. With this new lens, we review some of the most prominent multidimensional poverty measures proposed in the literature and illustrate how measures within the same class as well as measures across different classes can be discerned from each other based on the alternative definitions.

Fluorescence enhancement novel green analytical method for paraquat herbicide quantification based on immobilization on clay Dominguez, Marina Alejandra; Insausti, Matías; Ilari, Romina; Zanini, Graciela Pilar A new green method was developed for the quantification of paraquat (PQ) in water samples based on the fluorescence emission enhancement of the herbicide signal after adsorption on sodium montmorillonite clay (MMT). Radiant emission processes are favored by increasing the molecular rigidity of the PQ since it adopts a planar position between the nano-sheets of the MMT. The advantages of the use of this clay are nontoxic, low cost and found in abundance in natural reserves. The proposed method was successfully used in determining PQ in natural water samples with recoveries of 73% to 95%. The fluorescence emission showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 2.0 to 8.0 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0.37 μmol L-1. The method is simple, inexpensive and does not require the use of reagents or organic solvents; which makes it very promising to achieve the goals of green chemistry. The proposed methodology could be the beginning of the development of future green sensors.

Redescription of immatures of dasyhelea flavifrons Guérin-Méneville (Culicomorpha: Ceratopogonidae) and new contribution to the knowledge of its larval habitats Diaz, Maria Florentina; Mangudo, Carolina; Gleiser, Raquel M.; Ronderos, Maria Marcela The fourth instar larva and pupa of Dasyhelea flavifrons Guérin-Méneville are redescribed, illustrated, and photomicrographed using binocular, phase-contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. Comparisons with the American species of the grisea group were made. The immatures were collected by using a siphon bottle in tree-holes and from water collected in dead snail shells in Salta Province, Argentina, transported to the laboratory and there bred to the emergence of the adults. Details on larval habitats are given. These are the first records from Argentina and in gastrotelmata.

Generación de nanopartículas de quitosano empleando micelas inversas como nanomolde y su evaluación como agente antimicrobiano e inmunoestimulante en glándula mamaria bovina Orellano, María Soledad La mastitis bovina (MB) es una inflamación de la glándula mamaria (GM) producida como respuesta al ingreso de microorganismos a través del canal del pezón. Esta enfermedad genera grandes pérdidas económicas a la actividad lechera nacional y mundial. Su tratamiento consiste en el uso de antibióticos, sin embargo, estos no pueden eliminar por completo la infección debido a que se genera resistencia a los mismos. Además, los patógenos desarrollan mecanismos de supervivencia tales como la formación de biofilm y la sobrevida a nivel intracelular en las células bovinas, evadiendo las terapias antibióticas y la respuesta inmune del huésped. Por lo tanto, se necesitan nuevas terapias que permitan disminuir el uso de antibióticos y que actúen como inmunoestimulante para superar los mecanismos de evasión que desarrollan los patógenos. Las nanopartículas (NPs) han atraído recientemente mucha atención como agentes antimicrobianos. El quitosano (Q) es un polisacárido no tóxico, biocompatible, y con actividad antibacteriana. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo, se propuso obtener nanopartículas de quitosano (NPs-Q) y evaluar el potencial de dicha formulación para el tratamiento de la MB. El empleo de micelas inversas (MIs) como nanoreactores ofrece una vía sintética que permite obtener NPs de tamaño controlado. Sin embargo, es una metodología de síntesis muy poco explorada en la obtención de NPs-Q. En este trabajo se propuso llevar a cabo el entrecruzamiento de Q con glutaraldehído (G) empleando dos nanoreactores micelares marcadamente diferentes: benceno/cloruro de bencil-hexadecil-dimetilamonio (BHDC)/H2O y n-heptano/ bis-(2-etilhexil) sulfosuccinato de sodio (AOT)/H2O. Además, se planteó evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de las NPs-Q frente a bacterias del género Staphylococcus aislados de casos de MB y su actividad inmunoestimulante en células epiteliales de GM bovina. En este trabajo de tesis fue posible poner a punto una metodología de síntesis de NPs-Q empleando distintas MIs como nanoreactores. Las MIs permitieron obtener NPs de dimensiones nanométricas y con baja polidispersidad. Además, fue posible controlar el tamaño final de las partículas variando la concentración de reactivos, concentración de G y contenido acuoso del nanoreactor. Además, se demostró que las propiedades interfaciales de las MIs influyen en la reacción de Q con G, siendo más efectivo el entrecruzamiento en MIs de n-heptano/AOT/H2O. Por otro lado, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de NPs-Q de diferentes tamaños obtenidas en distintas MIs, encontrando que, indistintamente del sistema empleado como nanoreactor, la actividad antimicrobiana es mayor mientras menor es el diámetro de partícula. Las NPs-Q que mostraron mejor potencial fueron evaluadas como agente antimicrobiano y antibiofilm frente a diez aislamientos del género Staphylococcus empleando diversas técnicas. Las NPs-Q desarrolladas presentaron efecto bactericida frente a todas las cepas evaluadas, exhibiendo mejor efecto que el polímero Q. Además, NPs-Q inhibieron la formación de biofilm de cepas y redujeron el número de bacterias internalizadas en células epiteliales de GM bovina, demostrando bloquear los dos principales mecanismos de supervivencia desarrollado por los patógenos. El tratamiento de biofilms preformados con NPs-Q fue capaz de erradicar los biofilms bacterianos luego de 48 h de tratamiento. Las NPs-Q no mostraron toxicidad en células bovinas. Si bien no exhibieron capacidad de estimular la producción de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias y anti-inflamatorias en células epiteliales de GM bovina, se encontró que son capaces de actuar como nanotransportadores, lo que permite cargarlas con algún compuesto que presenten esta propiedad. Todos los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo demuestran el gran potencial de NPs-Q obtenidas en MIs para ser empleadas en el tratamiento de la MB.; Bovine mastitis (BM) is an inflammatory response to the microbial colonization of mammary gland and is responsible for major economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. Currently, BM treatment consists of antibiotic therapies. However, antibiotics usually cannot eradicate completely the infection due of acquired drug resistance and survival mechanisms of bacteria such as biofilm formation and the ability of bacterial pathogens to attach to and enter epithelial cells enables them to evade host defenses and antibiotic therapy. So new therapeutic strategies are needed to decrease or replace the use of antibiotics. Nanoparticles have recently attracted much attention as antimicrobial agents, proposed as a promising strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Chitosan (Ch) is a polysaccharide with low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial activity. The aim of this work wasevaluate the potential of chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) obtained by the reverse micellar methodas therapeutic agent to BM treatment. In this work Ch-NPs with different and controlled sizes were successfully prepared by cross-linking reaction of glutaraldehyde (G) and Ch inside of n-heptane/sodium bis-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT)/water and benzene/benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BHDC)/ water reverse micelles (RMs). Highly monodisperse NPs were synthesized and the particle size was dependent on the reactants concentration, G concentration and the amount of water inside of the RMs used asnanoreactors. Also, reverse micellar interface affected cross-linking reaction of G and Ch, showing more efficiency inside AOT RMs. These facts were explained with the correlation of theoretical and experimental results. Ch-NPs obtained from different RMsshowed a size-dependent antimicrobial activity against BM pathogens. Additionally, we found that the nanoformulation developed presents antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, different experiments corroborated that the antimicrobial effectiveness of Ch-NP was greater than that shown by the native polymer used in the preparation of these nanocomposites. Ch-NPs inhibited bacterial biofilm formation and reduced S. aureusinternalization into bovine mammary epithelial cell affecting the survival mechanisms of pathogens. In addition, there were not toxic for bovine cells. An incubation for 48h with Ch-NPs eradicated preformed Staphylococcusbiofilms. In despite of their excellent antimicrobial efficiency, Ch-NPs did not show to promote pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines production by mammary epithelial cells. Nevertheless, Ch-NPs showed the ability to entrap hydrophobic molecules inside them, which allows encapsulate an inmmunostimulant compound to developed an improved therapy. All findings exposed demonstrate the great potential of Ch-NPs synthesized by the reverse micellar method as therapeutic agent for BM treatment.

On the electromechanical coupling in electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters Saravia, César Martín This paper presents a theoretical and numerical analysis of the electromechanical coupling occurring in levitation-based electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters. The relevant mathematical and physical aspects of its formulation are analyzed; the focus is put on the practical consequences of the hypotheses made during the derivation process. Its effects on the dynamical response of the harvester are addressed. A detailed mathematical description of the harvester equations of motion is also presented; this includes a derivation of the expressions that describe both the mechanical and electromagnetic phenomena that take place in the device. Numerical tests are conducted in order to compare two formulations of the electromechanical coupling. It is found that a consistent electromechanical coupling is obtained if it is written in terms of the electric current; also, the classical formulation in terms of the electromechanical damping coefficient leads to an inconsistent description of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon; which, among other things, does not conserves the total energy.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 59 Ellis, L. T.; Almeida, L. A.; Peralta, D. F.; Backor, M.; Baisheva, E. Z.; Bednarek Ochyra, H.; Burghardt, M.; Czernyadjeva, I. V.; Kholod, S. S.; Potemkin, A. D.; Erdag, A.; Kirmaci, M.; Fedosov, V. E.; Ignatov, M. S.; Koltysheva, D. E.; Flores, Jorge Rafael; Fuertes, E.; Goga, M.; Guo, S. L.; Hofbauer, W.K.; Kurzthaler, M.; Kürschner, H.; Kuznetsova, O. I.; Lebouvier, M.; Long, D.G.; Mamontov, Yu. S.; Manjula, K. M.; Manju, C.N.; Mufeed, B.; Müller, F.; Nair, M.C.; Nobis, M.; Norhazrina, N.; Aisyah, M.; Lee, G. E.; Philippe, M.; Philippov, D.A.; Pláek, V.; Komínková, Z.; Porley, R. D.; Rebriev, Yu. A.; Sabovljevic, M.S.; de Souza, A. M.; Valente, E. B.; Spitale, D.; Srivastava, P.; Sahu, V.; Asthana, A.K.; Ştefănuţ, S.; Suarez, Guillermo Martin; Vilnet, A. A.; Yao, K. Y.; Zhao, J. Ch. Aulacopilum glaucum, in the family Erpodiaceae, has recently been identified from Manipur in north-east India, and is new to the Eastern Himalayas. It was earlier reported from the Western Ghats (Daniels et al. 2012), Eastern Ghats (Asthana and Srivastava 2016) and the Western Himalayas (Sahu and Asthana 2016). In India there are 4 species of Aulacopilum Wilson (Lal 2005; Daniels et al. 2012). Aulacopilum glaucum can be easily recognised by the presence of dimorphic leaves; broad dorsal leaves and narrow ventral leaves with numerous rhizoids. The plants were bright green, with an irregularly branched, creeping stem, 12–15 mm long. Leaves were in four rows (2 dorsal and 2 ventral), closely imbricate, complanate, ecostate and papillose with crenulate margins. The dorsal leaves were ovate-lanceolate, 0.64 × 0.32 mm, whilst the ventral leaves were narrowly lanceolate, 0.48 × 0.16 mm.

La imagen y el archivo: formas de contacto Porrua, Ana Maria El presente trabajo recupera ciertos aspectos de Les Chants de Maldoror de Lautréamont para pensar modos de la imagen, sus resoluciones y sus cortes, a partir de las vanguardias históricas de 1920. En ambos casos trabajaremos sobre la relación imagen-visibilidad, a partir de ciertas disposiciones y modos de exhibición de los objetos y la naturaleza. Se analizará el contexto de la imagen lautremonsiana y sus relaciones con el discurso científico, y se postulará una lectura de la imagen como archivo en el sentido que le da a este término Foucault, como la ley que permite regular los enunciados.; This work looks back at certain aspects of Lautréamont’s Les chants de Maldoror in order to reflect on the modes of the image —its resolutions and breaks— in the context of the modernist outlook of the 1920s. In both cases, the focus is placed on the relationship between image and visibility, based on certain dispositions, or modes of exhibition, of both objects and nature. The context of the Lautreamontian image will also be analyzed, as well as its associations with the scientific discourse of the time. The image will be read as an archive in the Foucauldian sense; that is, as the law that enables the regulation of statements.; El present treball recupera certs aspectes de Les Chants de Maldoror de Lautréamont per pensar formes de la imatge i les seves resolucions, talls, a partir de les avantguardes històriques de 1920. En ambdós casos treballarem sobre la relació imatge-visibilitat, a partir de certes disposicions, maneres d’exhibicions dels objectes i la natura. S’analitzarà el context de la imatge lautremonsiana i les seves relacions amb el discurs científic, i es postularà una lectura de la imatge com arxiu en el sentit que dóna Foucault a aquest terme, com la llei que permet regular els enunciats.

Literatura, compromiso e intelectual: la influencia del pensamiento sartreano en la ensayística de Mario Benedetti; Literature, commitment and the intellectual: The influence of Sartrean thought in the essays of Mario Benedetti Correa Lust, Constanza Inés Mario Benedetti es uno de los escritores uruguayos más prolíficos y más leídos en todo el mundo. Conocido sobre todo por su poesía y su narrativa, la crítica le dedicó gran cantidad de estudios a estos géneros, dejando un tanto relegado el abordaje de su prosa de ideas, correspondiente a sus ensayos, artículos periodísticos y la crítica literaria. No obstante, es justamente en este ámbito de su producción literaria donde podemos encontrar verbalizadas de manera explícita sus principales preocupaciones respecto de la literatura y el rol del escritor. Todas las reflexiones que Benedetti realiza en estos artículos son llevados a la práctica en el resto de los géneros por él abordados, en un profundo acto de coherencia. El mayor ejemplo de esto quizá sea su constante preocupación por el compromiso de la literatura, tópico de innegable filiación sartreana. El presente artículo propone realizar un análisis de la manera en que influyó el pensamiento de Jean Paul Sartre en la literatura de Mario Benedetti, mediante un relevamiento de sus principales textos ensayísticos.; Mario Benedetti is one of the most productive and widely read Uruguayan writers. Renowned for his poetry and narrative, the critic devoted a great deal of writing to these genres leaving aside his essays, articles and literary critique. However, it is in this area of his writing that his concerns about literature and the role of the writer can be found. His reflections in these articles are intertwined in the other genres cultivated by him with outstanding coherence. A major example might be his concern about the commitment of literature, undoubtedly related to Sartre’s principles. This article intends an analysis of Jean Paul Sartre’s influence in his literature by surveying his main essays.

El cuerpo de la imagen y la locura en Aby Warburg: una reflexión a partir de fuentes renacentistas; The body of the image and madness in Aby Warburg: a reflection from renaissance sources Ludueña, Fabian Javier El presente artículo tiene como propósito interrogarse sobre la matriz conceptual según la cual Aby Warburg interpretó tanto El Nacimiento de la Primavera como la Primavera de Sandro Botticelli. Por un lado, proponemos un análisis del papel desempeñado por la poesía del dolce stil nuovo y el neoplatonismo en la comprensión warburguiana de las alegorías de Botticelli. Por otro lado, intentamos dar cuenta de la significación filosófica de la hipótesis explicativa de Warburg a través de un estudio del comentario de Marsilio Ficino al poema Donna me prega de Guido Cavalcanti. La interpretación de Ficino toma como base la noción de spiritus y la desubjetivación de los amantes en beneficio de las potencias cosmológicas. De esta manera, la forclusión del cuerpo resulta la condición de posibilidad del fantasma como auténtico objeto de deseo. Esta interpretación es sancionada por la original apropiación de Ficino de la teoría platónica de las dos Venus (celestial y vulgar). Finalmente, avanzamos la hipótesis según la cual la escisión de las dos Venus en la tradición neoplatónica marca un hito en la historia de la metafísica y juega un papel preponderante en la comprensión que Warburg tendrá de su propio período de internación psiquiátrica en Kreuzlingen desde 1921 a 1924.; The following article intends to inquire into the conceptual framework according to which Aby Warburg interpreted both Sandro Botticelli’s Birth of Venus and Primavera. On one hand, we propose an analysis of the role played by the poetry of the dolce stil nuovo and neoplatonism as a means of tackling the warburguian understanding of Botticelli’s allegories. On the other hand, we try to grasp the philosophical meaning of Warburg’s hypotheses by studying Marsilio Ficino’s commentary to Guido Calvacanti’s poem Donna me prega. Ficino’s interpretation is founded on the notion of spiritus and the desubjectification of the lovers in favour of the cosmological forces. In this way, the foreclosure of the body is presented as the condition of possibility for the phantasm to become the authentic object of desire. This interpretation is sanctioned by Ficino’s original appropriation of the Platonic theory of the two Venuses (celestial and vulgar). Finally, we advance the hypothesis that the splitting between the two Venuses in the neoplatonic tradition is a landmark in the history of metaphysics and plays a fundamental role in the way that Warburg will understand his own period of psychiatric reclusion in Kreuzlingen since 1921 to 1924.

Egg production in relation to paternal weight in a freshwater caridean shrimp (Decapoda) Tropea, Carolina; Sganga, Daniela Eliana; López Greco, Laura Susana In diverse invertebrate species, sperm quantity and quality are positively correlated with male size, egg fertilization rates being consequently affected by paternal weight. This factor may also have an indirect effect on egg quality, because females could adjust the quantity of yolk stored in oocytes before spawning according to their partner attractiveness. The objective of the present study was to determine whether paternal weight influences egg production in a freshwater crustacean with external egg fertilization, the caridean shrimp Neocaridina davidi. Virgin females weighing 60-100 mg were paired with virgin males weighing 20-50 mg. The number (total and fertilized), size (volume, wet and dry weight) and carotenoid content of eggs were recorded for each pair. Paternal weight was not associated to any of the evaluated egg variables, while maternal weight showed a positive correlation with egg number and a negative correlation with egg carotenoid content. The percentage of fertilized eggs was similar and near 100% for all paternal sizes, which indicates that small mature males provided enough good-quality sperm to fertilize almost all the oocytes laid by females, similarly to larger males. The relatively low fecundity of N. davidi females may explain, at least in part, the absence of sperm limitation even under a hypothetical decrease in sperm supply by smaller males. In addition, paternal weight had no effect on egg volume, weight and carotenoid content, which suggests that females do not modulate the total amount of biochemical reserves allocated to the maturing ovary as a function of their partner size. Present results are the starting point for a future evaluation of sperm production, in terms of quantity and quality, in males of different size and physiological condition.

A new Pliocene true toad (Anura: Bufonidae): first record of an extinct species from South America Pérez Ben, Celeste Marina; Gómez, Raúl O.; Báez, Ana M. Bufonids, known as true toads, constitute a very specious clade of hyloid neobatrachian frogs with an almost cosmopolitan distribution. Despite they are currently a major component of the extant anurofauna of South America, their fossil record there is still scarce and consists mostly of isolated bones assigned to extant species or regarded as indeterminate species, shedding little light on the evolution of the group. Herein we describe a new species of Rhinella, R. loba, from the Chapadmalalan (late Pliocene) of the Pampean Region of Argentina based on a partial skull. Rhinella loba is closely related to the species of the R. marina group but differs from all extant species of this group, constituting the first indisputable extinct bufonid species from South America. Its morphology suggests a close relationship with R. arenarum, the only extant species of the R. marina group currently inhabiting the South American Pampas. According to this hypothesis, R. loba is part of the stem lineage of R. arenarum is nested within the crown group of the R. marina group. Noteworthy, the late and early Pliocene ages of the new species and the earliest certain records of R. arenarum, respectively, are consistent with the previous estimated divergence of R. arenarum from its closest extant relatives during the earliest Pliocene around 5 Ma. In this regard, R. loba bridges the gap in the lineage towards R. arenarum, providing evidence of greater bufonid diversity in Buenos Aires province in Late Cenozoic times.

Habitat characteristics, hydrology and anthropogenic pollution as important factors for distribution of biota in the middle Paraná River, Argentina Blettler, Martin Cesar Maria; Oberholster, Paul Johan; Madlala, Tebogo; Eberle Folmer, Eliana Gisel; Amsler, Mario Luis; De Klerk, Arno R.; Truter, Johannes C.; Marchese Garello, Mercedes Rosa; Latosinski, Francisco Guillermo; Szupiany, Ricardo Nicolas The regulation of anthropogenic pollution inputs into large rivers is an important aspect of ecological resilience of aquatic systems and river pollution management. The current study examined the relationship between contamination loads, hydrological and morphological patterns and the distribution of macroinvertebrates and epipelic diatoms in the middle Paraná River system to form part of the development of a pollution monitoring framework. Seven sampling sites were selected over three main river areas predominantly impacted by sewage effluent and agriculture activities. The sampling areas were the Paraná, Colastiné and Las Conchas rivers. In order to prevent dilution of pollutants and macroinvertebrate drift, sampling was performed during the base flow period of 2015 to determine pollution contaminated stretches of the river system. Results indicated that metals have been accumulated in river bottom sediments as a consequence of anthropogenic land use activities. Macroinvertebrate and epipelic diatom assemblages as bioindicators of anthropogenic pollution were evident downstream of urban sewage effluent discharges causing higher concentrations of Cr, As and Ni than the permitted threshold levels for bottom sediment.

On stability measures and effects of data structure in the recognition of areas of endemism Casagranda, Maria Dolores; Goloboff, Pablo Augusto Incomplete data sampling, bias, and like properties of distribution datasets that potentially introduce uncertainty in biogeographical analyses and blur biogeographical patterns; therefore, it is important to understand their influence. Despite their relevance, these problems have been largely overlooked in biogeography, where concepts such as ambiguity, stability or support have not even been defined. Here, we propose two stability measures for hypotheses of areas of endemism (AEs) and use them to explore the degree to which different structural qualities of data affect the results of analyses of endemism. Our findings suggest that different types of data incompleteness have different effects on the recovery of the species composition and the geographical or spatial structure of AEs, showing that distinct levels of sampling coverage affect the stability of results in different ways. We show that a small proportion of poorly sampled species may have a stronger impact on AEs stability than many species with medium sampling and that excluding poorly sampled species from the analyses does not guarantee more stable results. These results highlight the importance of planning data collection and indicate that, in order to obtain more stable results, focusing on completing the distribution of strongly undersampled species might be preferable to adding records of any species randomly.

Endemism of lizards in the Chihuahuan Desert province: An approach based on endemicity analysis Ocampo Salinas, José Manuel; Castillo Cerón, Jesús M.; Manríquez Morán, Norma; Goyenechea, Irene; Casagranda, Maria Dolores Biogeography is the discipline that studies present and past distribution patterns ofbiological diversity and their underlying environmental (ecological) and historical causes(Sanmartín, 2012). It is known that different geological and climatic events occurring in thepast affect the distributions of co-existing taxa over time, establishing correlateddiversification patterns and groups of taxa from different time slices (divergence times) in asingle area of endemism (Morrone et al., 2016; Noguera-Urbano, 2016). Areas ofendemism (AEs) are the basic units in historical biogeographic studies (Morrone, 1994), aswell as for conservation biology (Whitakker et al., 2005), and are the result of taxaevolutionary processes (for example, vicariance/allopatric speciation). An area ofendemism is identified by the congruent distribution of two or more taxa (Platnick, 1991;Morrone, 1994; Szumik et al., 2002). Thus, taxa that have similar geographicaldistributions may have been influenced by common historical factors (Szumik et al., 2002).The Chihuahuan Desert (hereafter CD) is a biogeographic province that encompasses thenorthern region of Mexico and it is limited by the Sierra Madre Occidental and the SierraMadre Oriental provinces (Morrone, 2005, 2017). It is characterized by xeric environmentsand forests in high altitudes. The geographical extension of CD has enabled severalgeographical regionalization approaches. The identity of the CD as a natural region hasbeen supported by biogeographical analyses of different taxa: reptiles (Smith, 1941),mammals (Goldman and Moore, 1945), plants (Rzedowski, 1978; Arriaga et al., 1997),insects (Morrone, 1999, 2002, 2004 a, b) and it has been also delimited by applyingmorphotectonic criteria (Ferrusquía-Villafranca, 1990).In the last decades, different methods have emerged to identify EAs (Szumik et al., 2002;Szumik and Goloboff, 2004; Oliveira et al., 2015), and several problems have arisen in theidentification of AEs related to the use of different criteria of spatial congruence betweenspecies required to conform an AE. This issue has been discussed in different studies(Casagranda et al., 2009; Aagesen et al., 2013; Szumik and Goloboff, 2015; Szumik et al.,2018). The Endemicity Analysis (EA), implemented in the NDM/VNDM software, is oneof the most effective methods for identifying areas of endemism because it evaluates spatialcongruence of taxa over a set of cells (Szumik et al., 2002; Szumik and Goloboff, 2004)and considers the general concept of areas of endemism. EA identifies nested, overlappingand disjoint areas (Carine et al., 2009; Casagranda et al., 2009, 2012) and allows a varietyof analytical possibilities (see Escalante et al., 2013; Weirauch et al., 2016), including theuse of higher taxa for the identification of AEs, showing that some AEs recognized byspecies-level taxa also adjust well to the distribution of other higher level taxa i. e. genera,family (Szumik and Goloboff, 2015).Different studies using EA have been performed in northern Mexico (including theChihuahuan Desert, CD) with mammals (Escalante et al., 2007, 2009, 2010, 2013), insects(Rivas-Soto, 2011) and reptiles (Fernández-Badillo, 2013), but lizards have never beenincluded in EA studies as a group. Moreover, most of previous analyses have beenrestricted to northern Mexico without considering the distribution of taxa in the UnitedStates, limiting the endemicity patterns to geopolitical boundaries, which may not resemblenatural patterns. Because of this, Morafka, (2012) suggested that biological, ecological andphysiographic characteristics, as well as the total spatial distribution of taxa, should be usedto better characterize the naturalness of the CD in a historical biogeographic frame(Morrone et al., 2005).The main goal of this paper is to identify areas of endemism in the CD, using 81 species oflizards distributed throughout the province, by applying the EA implemented inNDM/VNDM software (Goloboff, 2004). The data are analyzed under different geographicscales (cell sizes) and using higher taxa (genera and families) together with species asanalytical units, in order to explore patterns at different taxonomic levels. We searched forthe times of divergence of endemic taxa in those AEs with high endemicity values, in orderto reconstruct the history of areas of endemism through time (Riddle et al., 2008).

Subcontratación, estrategias sindicales y calidad del empleo en la industria petroquímica; Outsourcing, union’s strategies and employment quality in the petrochemical industry Fernández Massi, Mariana El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las implicancias de la subcontratación sobre la calidad del empleo a partir del caso de dos empresas petroquímicas en la Argentina. Se ofrece un abordaje cualitativo, basado en el análisis documental y de entrevistas en profundidad. Se exploran tres dimensiones en las cuales se expresa la degradación del empleo: la (in)estabilidad del empleo; los niveles salariales; y un conjunto de condiciones de trabajo ?no pecuniarias? que comprenden diferentes derechos y/o beneficios laborales. Los resultados evidencian que, si bien persisten diferencias salariales y de estabilidad entre trabajadores directos y tercerizados, la estrategia sindical ha logrado reducir las heterogeneidades. A su vez, se destaca el modo en que diferencias referidas a otros beneficios como el comedor o el transporte son enfatizadas por los trabajadores tercerizados.; The objective of this article is to analyze the implications of outsourcing on employment quality in two petrochemical companies in Argentina. The study is based on the analysis of documents and in­depth interviews. Three dimensions ­which reveal the levels of employment degradation­ are explored: job (in)stability, wage levels and a set of working conditions ­non pecuniary­ which comprise different labor rights and/or employment benefits. The results reveal that, in spite of the different wages and levels of stability among direct and outsourced workers, the unions’ strategy has managed to reduce heterogeneities. Likewise, the study stresses that way in which other perks differences, as eating at the workplace or transport to and from work, are highlighted by outsourced workers.

El velo meritocrático: inequidades en la inserción laboral de jóvenes durante el gobierno de Cambiemos; O véu meritocrático: Iniqüidades na inserção de jovens no mercado de trabalho durante o governo de Cambiemos Busso, Mariana; Perez, Pablo Ernesto En un contexto signado por el discurso que preconiza el mérito individual, este artículo se propone analizar la relación entre educación, origen social, género e ingreso al mundo del trabajo de los y las jóvenes en Argentina, durante la presidencia de Mauricio Macri. En sintonía con el discurso meritocrático, si para analizar el ingreso de los y las jóvenes al mercado laboral tomamos en consideración únicamente variables educativas, observaremos que quienes poseen mayor nivel de educación generalmente presentan mayores tasas de actividad y empleo, y menores tasas de desempleo. Sin embargo, estudios anteriores permiten afirmar que dicha relación no es evidente, y que resulta insuficiente analizar únicamente la educación como variable explicativa clave para comprender el acceso a un puesto de trabajo. El género y el lugar en la estructura social, más allá del nivel educativo que detenten los y las jóvenes, son variables centrales en la construcción de escenarios de oportunidades. Para responder a nuestro objetivo analizaremos el período del gobierno de Cambiemos (iniciado en diciembre de 2015) a través de datos de la EPH-INDEC correspondientes al año 2017. Partimos del supuesto que existen marcadas diferencias en las posibilidades de acceso al mercado de trabajo según el estrato de ingresos del hogar, aun cuando se trate de jóvenes con igual nivel educativo. En ese sentido nuestra hipótesis sostiene que, durante el gobierno de Mauricio Macri, a pesar que el discurso oficial se centró en el mérito y el esfuerzo individual para mejorar la situación laboral, la realidad del mercado laboral está muy lejos de responder a una lógica meritocrática.; Em um contexto marcado pelo discurso que enfatiza o mérito individual, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre educação, origem social, gênero e inserção no mundo do trabalho dos jovens na Argentina, durante a presidência de Maurício Macri. Em linha com o discurso meritocrático, si discutimos a entrada dos jovens no mercado de trabalho considerando apenas variáveis educacionais, vemos que aqueles com níveis mais elevados de educação geralmente têm maiores taxas de actividade e de emprego e as taxas de desemprego mais baixas. No entanto, estudos anteriores nos permitem afirmar que essa relação não é evidente, e que é insuficiente analisar apenas a educação como variável explicativa chave para entender o acesso a um emprego. Gênero e lugar na estrutura social, além do nível educacional dos jovens, são variáveis centrais na construção de cenários de oportunidades. Para cumprir nosso objetivo, analisaremos o período do governo de Cambiemos (desde dezembro de 2015) através de dados do EPH­INDEC para o ano de 2017. Nós assumimos que há diferenças marcantes nas possibilidades de acesso ao mercado de trabalho de acordo com o género e o estrato de renda familiar, mesmo quando se trata de jovens com o mesmo nível educacional. Nesse sentido, nossa hipótese sustenta que, durante o governo de Mauricio Macri, embora o discurso oficial tenha se centrado no mérito e no esforço individual para melhorar a situação do trabalho, a realidade do mercado de trabalho está longe de responder a uma lógica meritocrática.

Detection and molecular characterization of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia abortus in psittacine pet birds in Buenos Aires province, Argentina; Detección y caracterización molecular de Chlamydia psittaci y Chlamydia abortus en psitácidos mascotas en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Origlia, Javier Anibal; Cadario, Maria E.; Frutos, Maria Celia; Lopez, Norberto F.; Corva, Santiago; Unzaga, Maria Florencia; Piscopo, Miguel Victor; Cuffini, Cecilia Gabriela; Petruccelli, Miguel Angel In order to determine the presence and genetic diversity of Chlamydia spp. in the north-eastern area of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, conjunctival, oropharyngeal, cloacal swab and tissues were collected from a total of 90 psittacine pet birds of different age and clinical manifestations. Through molecular methods, Chlamydiaceae was detected in 30% (27/90) of the samples, out of which 70.3% (19/27) were positive for Chlamydia psittaci and 14.9% (4/27) for Chlamydia abortus. Nine C. psittaci positive samples were genotyped by ompA gene sequences, 8 clustered within genotype A and 1 within genotype B. A significant association was observed between the presence of Chlamydia spp. and the manifestation of clinical signs compatible with chlamydiosis, as well as with the age of the birds (younger than one year old). This report contributes to the improvement of our understanding of chlamydial agents in our country.; Con el objetivo de determinar la presencia de Chlamydia spp. en psitácidos del área noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires y conocer su diversidad genética, se recolectaron y analizaron mediante métodos moleculares hisopados conjuntivales, orofaríngeos, cloacales y tejidos de un total de 90 psitácidos de diferentes edades y con diversas manifestaciones clínicas. El 30% (27/90) de las muestras procesadas fueron positivas para Chlamydiaceae; el 70,3% (19/27) de estas resultaron positivas para Chlamydia psittaci y el 14,9% (4/27) para Chlamydia abortus. Nueve muestras positivas para C. psittaci fueron genotipificadas por secuenciación del gen ompA: 8 correspondieron al genotipo A y una al genotipo B. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la presencia de Chlamydia spp. y la manifestación de signos clínicos compatibles con clamidiosis, como así también con la edad de las aves (menores de un ano). ˜ Este informe contribuye a mejorar nuestro conocimiento de los agentes clamidiales en nuestro país.

La institucionalización del oficio de pedagogizar los cuerpos: el nacimiento de la formación profesional en Educación Física en Argentina (1897-1912); A institucionalização do oficio de pedagogizar os corpos: o nascimento da formação profissional de Educação Física na Argentina (1897-1912); The institutionalization of the corporal pedagogy profession: the birth of certified teachers of Physical Education in Argentina (1897-1912); L’institutionnalisation du métier de la pédagogie du corps: la naissance de la formation professionnelle en éducation physique en Argentine (1897-1912) Galak, Eduardo Esta indagación aborda una problemática histórica cuyos efectos no dejan de ser actuales: las disputas por la legitimidad del oficio de la Educación Física. Se reflexiona sobre cómo se gestó esta práctica en Argentina y cómo la institucionalización de la profesionalización garantizó su reproducción. De allí que se estudien los discursos dominantes del pasaje del siglo XIX al XX y cómo de ellos resultaron dos posicionamientos epistémicos claramente definidos, uno de corte “militarista” y otro “cívico-pedagógico”. Organizado en base a cinco acontecimientos cruciales en la institucionalización del oficio de la Educación Física que sucedieron entre 1898 y 1912, se analizan las voces contemporáneas de diferentes agentes ligados a la pedagogización de prácticas corporales en la Argentina.; Este artigo aborda uma problemática histórica cujos efeitos são ainda atuais: as disputas sobre a legitimidade do oficio da Educação Física. Reflete-se sobre como essa prática foi desenvolvida na Argentina e como a institucionalização da profissionalização garantiu sua reprodução. Estudou-se os discursos dominantes da passagem do século XIX ao XX dos quais resultaram em duas posições epistêmicas claramente definidas, uma de estilo “militarista” e a outra “cívico-pedagógica”. Tendo como base cinco processos importantes da institucionalização do oficio de Educação Física ocorridos entre 1898 e 1912, neste texto analisam-se as vozes contemporâneas de diferentes agentes relacionados à pedagogia das práticas corporais na Argentina no momento em tela.; This research analyzes a historical problem which results are still effectives: the disputes over the legitimacy of the profession of Physical Education. The intention is to think how this practice was conceived and how it institutionalization guaranteed its reproduction. For that, dominant discourses of the passage from the 19th to the 20th century are studied, and how from that resulted two clearly defined epistemic positions, one "militaristic" and the other "civic-pedagogical". Organized on the basis of five crucial events that took place between 1898 and 1912 about the institutionalization of the professionalization of Physical Education, it is analyze the contemporary voices of different agents linked to the pedagogization of corporal practices in Argentina.; Cette analyse aborde un problème historique dont les effets se ressentent encore aujourd’hui: les conflits sur la légitimité du métier de l’éducation physique. Le but est de retracer la manière dont ces pratiques se développent en Argentine et comment l’institutionnalisation de la profession a garanti sa reproduction. Les discours dominants du tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles sont étudiés et nous verrons comment cela a abouti à deux positions épistémiques clairement définies, l’une militaire et l’autre civique-pédagogique. Organisé sur la base de cinq événements cruciaux qui ont eu lieu entre 1898 et 1912, autour de la professionnalisation de l’éducation physique, cet article analyse les voix contemporaines de différents agents liés à la pédagogie des pratiques corporelles en Argentine.

Aportes de la concepción pedagógica de Francisco Ruiz Sánchez para una teoría motivacional perfectiva; Contributions of the pedagogical conception of Francisco Ruiz Sánchez for a perfective motivational theory Di Marco, María Elisa; Portela, Analía Inés; Gonzalez, Mariela Lourdes; Boarini, María Gisella; Difabio de Anglat, Hilda El presente trabajo pretende señalar algunos aspectos que permiten comprender a la motivación a partir de la plenitud dinámica, esto es, desde misma finalidad del acto educativo. Esta investigación ofrece un análisis de la motivación humana en el proceso de aprendizaje a la luz del pensamiento antropológico de Francisco Ruiz Sánchez. Detallaremos mediante una metodología hermenéutica de sus escritos publicados e inéditos los tres aspectos principales del proceso motivacional educativo: a) la metodología empleada, b) la propuesta de objetos buenos, y c) la concientización del valor del objeto. Se concluye que la motivación constituye un aspecto relacional en el marco de un proceso en el que interviene la cognición o tendencia intelectual hacia un objeto de conocimiento bueno, presentado de una manera sensible y que logra ser percibido como valioso por el educando.; The present work pretends to indicate some aspects that allow to understand the motivation from the dynamic fullness, that is, from the same purpose of the educational act. This research offers an analysis of human motivation in the learning process in light of the anthropological thinking of Francisco Ruiz Sánchez. We will detail through a hermeneutical methodology of his published and unpublished writings the three main aspects of the educational motivational process: a) the methodology employed, b) the proposal of good objects, and c) the awareness of the value of the object. It is concluded that motivation constitutes a relational aspect within the framework of a process involving cognition or intellectual tendency towards a good knowledge object, presented in a sensitive way and that can be perceived as valuable by the learner.