Effect of PAA-coated magnetic nanoparticles on the performance of PVA-based hydrogels developed to be used as environmental remediation devices Sanchez, Laura M.; Actis, Daniel Guillermo; Gonzalez, Jimena Soledad; Mendoza Zélis, Pedro; Alvarez, Vera Alejandra In the present work, the effect of the incorporation of polyacrylic acid (PAA)–coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–based hydrogels for water remediation was studied. Ferrogels from PVA and PAA-coated MNPs were prepared through the ecocompatible freezing–thawing physical cross-linking method, and then they were completely characterized. Two different lab-made PAA-coated iron oxide MNPs, characterized in a previous work, were prepared by coprecipitation method from two different low PAA molecular weights, Mw 1800 g/mol and 5000 g/mol. The effect of MNP content and the PAA Mw on ferrogel final properties was determined. In addition, adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and cadmium (Cd+2) was carried out to analyze the possible application of the developed materials as environmental remediation devices. The capture of a ferrogel by an external field occurs due to the force that the field gradient exerts on single magnetic particles, which is then transferred onto the polymer matrix. This force was measured as a function of the distance to a permanent magnet, and the condition to magnetically recover the sample was established. The results obtained demonstrated that the ferrogels presented in this work are able to adsorb heavy metals and then be magnetically separated.

Nuevo banco de ensayo de pérdida de carga en componentes hidráulicos Reyna, Estela Eugenia; Bracco, Mauricio; Gañan, Nicolas Alberto; Alasino, Noelia Pia Ximena Diseño y Construcción de un nuevo Banco de pruebas para pérdidas de carga en componentes hidráulicos para reemplazar el anterior que estaba obsoleto. Su diseño fue estudiado para que sea versátil, robusto y didáctico. Fue construido para ser utilizado para trabajos prácticos y de investigación por 9 cátedras de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Para construirlo, se utilizaron materiales actuales en el mercado. Gran cantidad de puntos de toma de presión. Diferentes variantes para mediciones de caudal. Variación de caudales por medio de variador electrónico de frecuencia de la bomba. Válvulas de acople rápido con medias uniones dobles a los fines de poder intercambiar tramos a estudiar. Toma de presiones mediante sensores electrónicos y recolección de datos por medio de software provisto por el fabricante para visualizar e interpretar información analítica y gráficamente con gran simplicidad.

Naturalismo e identidad personal: la propuesta del “yo” narrativo de Dennett León, Malena En la teoría narrativista de Daniel Dennett, el “yo” es entendido como una abstracción definida por un conjunto de atribuciones e interpretaciones, propias y ajenas, que conforman la biografía del cuerpo viviente del que es el "centro de gravedad narrativa" (Dennett, 1988, 1991, 1992). Dicha teoría narrativa del “yo” constituye una de las muchas instancias en las que este filósofo aborda el proyecto de explicar la mente y dar cuenta de la singularidad humana desde una perspectiva naturalista. Un rasgo distintivo su filosofía es el lugar que en ella ocupa la teoría de la evolución de las especies.En este trabajo pretendo evaluar la potencia de la concepción narrativista del “yo” de Dennett a la hora de cumplir con lo que voy a considerar uno de los desafíos principales para perspectivas naturalistas como las de este tipo; a saber: construir explicaciones que eviten brindar una imagen excesivamente deflacionada de las características y capacidades de la mente humana, y que, por otra parte, no incurran en el error de presentar a las mismas como originándose a partir de una suerte de salto milagroso que proponga una excepción al principio darwiniano según el cual los productos del mundo natural son, en último término, el resultado de una actividad mecánica no inteligente y sin motivo, y no de una mente o principio superior. Con ese objetivo, en una primera instancia, voy a realizar una breve reconstrucción de la teoría dennettiana del “yo” y defender que la versión narrativista de Dennett se caracteriza por proponer una explicación de la elaboración de las narraciones que nos constituyen como “yoes” que incluye componentes de carácter biológico. La misma nos devuelve una imagen en la que no aparecemos como creadores conscientes, antes bien, somos, según la sugerencia de Dennett, como arañas exudando una tela de forma relativamente instintiva. Estas parecen ser el tipo de implicancias que irían en contra de nuestras visiones folk acerca de nosotros mismos. Con el objeto de negar esta presunta implicancia, en el segundo apartado voy a intentar poner en relación esta teoría con lo que Dennett dice sobre el rol del lenguaje en la inteligencia. Por último, voy a intentar justificar por qué este enfoque permite explicar la posibilidad de intervenciones deliberadas en la constitución de nuestros “yoes” sin renunciar a su naturalismo.

Une bureaucratie para-étatique mouvante: La production locale du Welfare des précaires en Argentine à l’ère du capitalisme postindustriel; A shifting para-state bureaucracy: Local production of precarious welfare in argentina in the post-industrial capitalist era Vommaro, Gabriel Alejandro Depuis les années 2000, des politiques d’assistance aux catégories les plus instables des classes populaires se consolident en Argentine comme dans la plupart des pays de l’Amérique latine. Une partie de ces politiques est gérée de manière conjointe par des dirigeants et des activistes locaux de partis et de mouvements sociaux. Il s’agit d’une véritable coproduction de l’intervention sociale de l’État dans les quartiers populaires. Basé sur un travail ethnographique dans trois quartiers populaires argentins, cet article analyse la production quotidienne des politiques sociales et notamment les activités de ses médiateurs qui jouent le rôle de bureaucrates para- étatiques. Issus eux-mêmes des classes populaires, ils sont à la fois des relais – pas toujours institutionnalisés – de l’État dans les quartiers populaires et des courroies de transmission des demandes des habitants de ces milieux face à l’État. L’analyse montre que le statut instable et les conditions de travail de ces bureaucrates, ainsi que leurs relations de dépendance avec les fonctionnaires étatiques les habilitant à distribuer des biens publics sont centraux pour comprendre les traits fondamentaux du rapport à l’État des couches les plus instables des classes populaires comme des logiques de fonctionnement du Welfare dans ces quartiers.; Since the 2000s, policies of assistance to unstable sectors of the popular classes are consolidating in Argentina as in most Latin American countries. Local leaders and political party and social activists have participated in the administration of some parts of these policies. Accordingly, genuine coproduction of the social intervention of the State in popular districts has taken place. Based on ethnographic work in three Argentine neighborhoods, this article analyzes the everyday production of social policies on the ground and in particular the role of its mediators: para-state bureaucrats. These actors also come from the popular classes, and they are both relays – that are not always institutionalized – of the State in the popular districts on the one hand, and belts of transmission of the demands of the inhabitants of these districts back to the State on the other. We argue that the status and working conditions of these bureaucrats, as well as their reliance on unstable political relations with state officials to ensure the continuity of access to goods to be distributed at the local level, make it possible to grasp fundamental features of the relationship between the state and popular classes, as well as of the forms of welfare provided by the former.

Reply: Biogenic structures of unioniform bivalves in wet-interdune deposits (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene, Argentina) Carmona, Noelia Beatriz; Ponce, Juan Jose; Wetzel, Andreas The Discussion of our paper by Martínez is very welcome because it supports our finding that bivalves may colonize wet-interdune settings and thus, trace fossils produced by them may record environmental changes—this is the main point of the contribution by Carmona et al. (2018). However, there are some comments in the Discussion by Martínez about the interpretations proposed in that paper that need to be clarified here.

La sintaxis de los nombres de relación (no) simétrica; The syntax of (non) symmetric relational nouns Mare, María de Los Angeles Este artículo se centra en el análisis de los nombres de relación (no) simétrica desde un enfoque neo-construccionista en el marco de la Morfología Distribuida. Los objetivos de la investigación son tres. En primer lugar, se busca poner en relieve los problemas que suponen estos nombres para las discusiones teóricas semánticas, sintácticas y morfofonológicas. En segundo lugar, se procura retomar discusiones de la literatura sobre el género en español y la relación de esta noción con la simetría (Esteban es hermano de Ana, pero Ana no es hermano de Esteban, sino hermana de Esteban). Finalmente, se intenta avanzar en un análisis de la estructura argumental que dé cuenta de las alternancias que se reconocen en estos nombres (Esteban es hermano de Ana/Esteban y Ana son hermanos) y el rol de la información de número en esa relación. Lo novedoso de esta propuesta es que retoma algunas discusiones clásicas, como las referidas al género y a la predicación, y avanza en soluciones que permiten explicar un conjunto de nombres que constituyen una clase natural. Asimismo, la investigación indaga en discusiones teóricas como la individuación de raíces y la relación entre el componente sintáctico y el componente interpretativo. Finalmente, se avanza en la propuesta de extender la distinción entre elementos relacionales (categorizadores, PLACE) y no relacionales (Sintagmas Determinantes, raíces) al ámbito nominal para explorar cómo se establecen las relaciones de predicación y referencialidad.; The following paper aims to provide an analysis of (non) symmetric relational nouns in Spanish, accounting for their semantic, syntactic and morpho-phonological characteristics. Accordingly, two aspects are revisited: on the one hand, the relationship between gender and symmetry (Esteban es hermano de Ana ‘Esteban is brother of Ana’, but Ana es hermana/*hermano de Esteban ‘Ana is sister/*brother of Esteban’); and, on the other hand, the alternations regarding the argument structure of these nouns (Esteban es hermano de Ana ‘Esteban is brother of Ana’/Esteban y Ana son hermanos ‘Esteban and Ana are brother and sister’). The novelty of this proposal is that it recovers classical discussions, such as the ones related to gender and predication, and sheds light on a group of nouns that conforms a natural class. Since this research is framed in a neoconstructionist approach like Distributed Morphology, it focuses on the discussion about root individuation and the relationship between syntactic derivation and the conceptual component. Last but not least, it extends the distinction between relational (categorizers, PLACE) and non-relational (DDPP and roots) elements into the nominal scope, in order to explore the difference in predication and referential expressions.

Facilitated proton transfer reactions via water autoprotolysis across oil|water interfaces. Spectroelectrochemical analysis Vega Mercado, Franco; Fernández, Ricardo Ariel; Iglesias, Rodrigo Alejandro; Dassie, Sergio Alberto In this paper, we present an integrated experimental-theoretical approach to evaluate the spectroelectrochemical response of the facilitated proton transfer processes via water autoprotolysis at the liquid|liquid (L|L) interface. The aim of these studies is to confirm theoretically and experimentally the pH gradients generated at the L|L interface using coupled electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The spectroelectrochemical measurements are performed using a parallel beam configuration, where the light beam passes at grazing incidence over the L|L interface. pH gradients generated by proton transfer assisted by Quinidine via water autoprotolysis are evaluated by the direct measurement of the optical absorption of Thymol Blue, acting as a pH probe. Results obtained are correlated with a numerical model considering all equilibria involved at both phases.

On the lack of correlation between [O III ]/[O II ] and Lyman continuum escape fraction Bassett, R.; Ryan-Weber, E.V.; Cooke, J.; Diaz, Carlos Gonzalo; Nanayakkara, T.; Yuan, T. T.; Spitler, L.R.; Mestric, U.; Garel, T.; Sawicki, Silvana Mabel; Gwyn, S.; Golob, A. We present the first results of our pilot study of eight photometrically selected Lyman-continuum (LyC) emitting galaxy candidates from the COSMOS field and focus on their optical emission line ratios. Observations were performed in the H and K bands using the Multi-Object Spectrometer for Infra-Red Exploration (MOSFIRE) instrument at the Keck Observatory, targeting the [O ii], H β, and [Oiii] emission lines. We find that photometrically selected LyC emitting galaxy candidates have high ionization parameters, based on their high [O iii]/[O ii] ratios (O32), with an average ratio for our sample of 2.5 ± 0.2. Preliminary results of our companion Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS) observations, targeting LyC and Ly α, show that those galaxies with the largest O32 are typically found to also be Ly α emitters. High O32 galaxies are also found to have tentative non-zero LyC escape fractions (f esc (LyC)) based on u band photometric detections. These results are consistent with samples of highly ionized galaxies, including confirmed LyC emitting galaxies from the literature. We also perform a detailed comparison between the observed emission line ratios and simulated line ratios from density bounded H ii regions modelled using the photoionization code MAPPINGS V. Estimates of f esc (LyC) for our sample fall in the range from 0.0 to 0.23 and suggest possible tension with published correlations between O32 and f esc (LyC), adding weight to dichotomy of arguments in the literature. We highlight the possible effects of clumpy geometry and mergers that may account for such tension.

Los antiguos y los modernos en la larga duración (siglos XVI-XVIII) Vidal, Silvina Paula Este dossier temático aborda, a partir de la discusión de estudios de caso, los modos en que el hombre del Renacimiento forjó una identidad bifronte, ambigua y desgarradora tensión, en tanto hijo de una gloriosa Antigüedad y simultáneamente Moderno, es decir, prueba viviente de algo completamente nuevo, que todavía estaba por venir. Como bien han señalado Paul Hazard y François Hartog, el binomio Antiguos/ Modernos se juega en la temporalidad, en las formas en que los hombres de la temprana modernidad europea percibían el pasado, dando lugar a querellas que expresaban momentos de crisis y conflicto. Las cinco contribuciones reunidas aquí indagan, entre 1500 y 1800, no sólo los vínculos que se establecen entre distintos saberes y conocimientos (especialmente entre razón, fe, autoridad y experiencia), sino también en los lenguajes, las representaciones, los discursos y las prácticas culturales que los actores del período construyeron en un intento por hacer inteligible y llegar a controlar las nuevas realidades geográficas, políticas, religiosas, sociales y económicas que atravesaban sus sociedades y entornos en esos convulsionados siglos, conformando así un entramado complejo de relaciones entre pasado, presente y futuro.

La prensa del Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario Tacuara en las mutaciones del nacionalismo argentino; The press of the Tacuara Revolutionary Nacionalist Movement in the mutations of argentine nationalism Campos, Esteban Javier Tacuara del manchón fue la prensa oficial del Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario Tacuara (MNRT) liderado por Joe Baxter y José Luis Nell, una fuente documental que hasta el momento no ha sido tratada de manera privilegiada por ninguna investigación. El análisis de los tres números que tuvo la publicación en 1963, permitirá revisar las concepciones del MNRT sobre la revolución, la vanguardia, el peronismo, el tercer mundo, la raza y la clase social. Estas categorías serán comparadas con otras publicaciones del universo tacuarista, como Tacuara. Vocero oficial de la juventud nacionalista, Ofensivay Barricada. La idea que gobierna este trabajo es que Tacuara del manchón puso en palabras una pequeña pero significativa mutación del nacionalismo argentino: el pasaje de la ideología nacional-católica del Movimiento Nacionalista Tacuara, caracterizada por una teología política en clave racialista, a un nacionalismo más secularizado, interesado en la emancipación económica y social del Tercer Mundo.; Tacuara del manchón was the press publication of the Tacuara Revolutionary Nationalist Movement led by Joe Baxter and José Luis Nell, a documentary source that until now has not been studied in a privileged way in any research. The analysis of the three issues published in 1963 will allow to examine MNRT’s understandings of revolution, vanguard, Peronism, third world, race and social class. These categories will be compared to other publications within Tacuara's domain, such as Tacuara. Vocero oficial de la juventud nacionalista, Ofensiva and Barricada. The idea that guides this paper is that Tacuara del manchón put into words a small but significant mutation of Argentine nationalism: the passage from the national-Catholic ideology of the Tacuara Nationalist Movement, characterized by a political theology with a racial orientation, to a more secularized nationalism, interested in the economic and social emancipation of the Third World.

Understanding the transition from water to land: Insights from multi-omic analyses of the perivitelline fluid of apple snail eggs Ip, Jack C.H.; Mu, Huawei; Zhang, Yanjie; Sun, Jin; Heras, Horacio; Chu, Ka Hou; Qiu, Jian-Wen Unlike most of the freshwater gastropod families, the family Ampullariidae includes members that exhibit both underwater and aerial oviposition, making it an ideal model for understanding mechanisms underlying the evolutionary transition from water to land. We applied SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS to analyse the proteome of the egg perivitelline fluid (PVF) of Marisa cornuarietis - an aquatic ovipositing ampullariid. Comparison with the reported PVF proteomes of two aerial ovipositing ampullariids (Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata) showed that the three species all contain several major perivitellins that nourish the embryos. However, M. cornuarietis invests more heavily on immune-related proteins, which might be due to exposure to aquatic pathogens. Interestingly, only the PVF of out-of-water egg laying species have PV2 - a neurotoxin lethal to mice, and a calcium-binding protein which might be involved in the formation of calcareous eggshell. Integrated phylogenetic, evolutionary and gene expressional analyses detected the involvement of gene duplication, positive selection and neofunctionalisation in the formation of several major PVF proteins. Overall, our study provides multiple lines of evidence of adaptive evolution in the PVF proteins, and contributes to a better understanding of how aquatic gastropod ancestors invaded terrestrial habitats. Significance: Aerial egg deposition has evolved in several groups of animals, but except for Vertebrata little is known about the mechanisms underlying this critical evolution process. We compared aquatic and aerial egg laying apple snails to understand the molecular mechanisms enabling such a transition in egg laying habitat. We found that the composition of perivitelline fluid proteomes of underwater and aerial egg depositors was remarkably different, and then gene duplication and positive selection were responsible for the formation of such novel proteins than enabled the evolutionary transition.

A phylum-wide survey reveals multiple independent gains of head regeneration in nemertea Zattara, Eduardo Enrique; Fernández Álvarez, Fernando Ángel; Hiebert, Terra; Bely, Alexandra; Norenburg, Jon L. Animals vary widely in their ability to regenerate, suggesting that regenerative ability has a rich evolutionary history. However, our understanding of this history remains limited because regenerative ability has only been evaluated in a tiny fraction of species. Available comparative regeneration studies have identified losses of regenerative ability, yet clear documentation of gains is lacking. We assessed ability to regenerate heads and tails either through our own experiments or from literature reports for 35 species of Nemertea spanning the diversity of the phylum, including representatives of 10 families and all three orders. We generated a phylogenetic framework using sequence data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of head and tail regenerative ability across the phylum and found that all evaluated species can remake a posterior end but surprisingly few could regenerate a complete head. Our analysis reconstructs a nemertean ancestor unable to regenerate a head and indicates independent gains of head regenerative ability in at least four separate lineages, with one of these gains taking place as recently as the last 10-15 Myr. Our study highlights nemerteans as a valuable group for studying evolution of regeneration and identifying mechanisms associated with repeated gains of regenerative ability.

Phytochemical investigation and biological activities of Fusarium SP. An entomogenous fungus Marcinkevicius, Karenina; Salvatore, Silvana Analia; Murúa, María Gabriela; Arena, Mario Eduardo; Vera, Nancy Entomopathogenic fungi have an incredible capacity to produce biologically active metabolites. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the insecticidal activity of extracts, fractions and pure compounds from Fusarium sp. ARSEF 3300 entomopathogenic fungi against Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera) and Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera). Additionally, antimicrobial activity was determined against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The culture media developed in the absence and presence of remains of the S. frugiperda insect were called fungus (H) and fungus-insect (HI), respectively. Volatile compounds in the extracts obtained with ethyl acetate were identified by GC-MS. Seven compounds of known chemical structure were isolated: cholesterol (1), campesterol (2), palmitic acid (3), cis-Oleic acid (4), stearic acid (5), ester propyl myristate (6) and cis-9, cis-12 Linoleic acid (7). The ethyl acetate extract of the HI supernatant of Fusarium sp., showed the highest ingestion dissuading activity in S. frugiperda (83% at 300 μg/g of diet) and the highest oviposition deterrence in C. capitata (50% at 50 μg/cm 2 ). Extracts of H and HI supernatants from Fusarium sp. inhibited the growth of the P. aeruginosa (53.64% and 45.39%) and S. aureus (76.08% and 79.61%) at 400 μg/mL. Palmitic acid (46.23% and 38.59%), cis-Oleic acid (49.95% and 42.33%) and stearic acid (50.44% and 39.72%) showed the highest inhibition of growth and biofilm production in S. aureus at 100 μg/mL. Our results suggest the possible utilization of entomopathogenic fungal metabolites in the control of insect pests and human health.

Agrohydrological analysis of groundwater recharge and land use changes in the Pampas of Argentina Kroes, Joop; van Dam, Jos; Supit, Iwan; de Abelleyra, Diego; Verón, Santiago Ramón; de Wit, Allard; Boogaard, Hendrik; Angelini, Marcos Esteban; Damiano, Francisco; Groenendijk, Piet; Wesseling, Jan; Veldhuizen, Ab This paper studies the changes of groundwater, climate and land use in the Pampas of Argentina. These changes offer opportunities and threats. Lowering groundwater without irrigation causes drought and successive crop and yield damage. Rising groundwater may alleviate drought as capillary rise supports root water uptake and crop growth, thus narrowing the difference between potential and actual yields. However, rising groundwater may also limit soil water storage, cause flooding in metropolitan areas and have a negative impact on crop yields. Changing land use from continuous soy bean into crop rotations or natural vegetation may decrease groundwater recharge and thus decrease groundwater levels. In case of crop rotation however, leaching of nutrients like nitrate may increase. We quantified these impacts using integrated dynamic crop growth and soil hydrology modelling. The models were tested at field scale using a local dataset from Argentina. We applied distributed modelling at regional scale to evaluate the impacts on groundwater recharge and crop yields using long term weather data. The experiments showed that threats arise from continuous monotone land use. Opportunities are created when a proper balance is found between supply and demand of soil water using a larger differentiation of land use. Increasing the areas of land use types with higher evapotranspiration, like permanent grassland and trees, will contribute to a more stable hydrologic system with more water storage capacities in the soil system and lower groundwater levels. Modelling tools clearly support the evaluation of the impact of land use and climate change on groundwater levels and crop yields.

Reconstitution of the steroid receptor heterocomplex Mazaira, Gisela Ileana; Galigniana, Mario Daniel Steroid receptors are members of a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily. They play a dual role of steroid hormone receptors and transcription factors. Actually, these receptors are steroid-activated transcription factors. Classical soluble receptors exist as oligomeric complexes with the Hsp90-based chaperone machinery. The steroid receptor field was born and developed along with the molecular chaperone field. Chaperones are not exclusive partners associated to these receptors, but also comprise a large variety of heterocomplexes with other proteins involved in signal transduction. By using the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a standard model for most Hsp90-client proteins, in this chapter we describe the functional GR·Hsp90 heterocomplex assembly system from reticulocyte lysate or purified proteins.

Synthetic anionic surfaces can replace microparticles in stimulating burst coagulation of blood plasma Contreras García, Angel; D'elía, Noelia Laura; Desgagné, Maxime; Lafantaisie Favreau, Charles Hubert; Rivard, Georges Étienne; Ruiz, Juan Carlos; Wertheimer, Michael Robert; Messina, Paula Verónica; Hoemann, Caroline Dieckmann Biomaterials are frequently evaluated for pro-coagulant activity but usually in the presence of microparticles (MPs), cell-derived vesicles in blood plasma whose phospholipid surfaces allow coagulation factors to set up as functional assemblies. We tested the hypothesis that synthetic anionic surfaces can catalyze burst thrombin activation in human blood plasma in the absence of MPs. In a thromboelastography (TEG) assay with plastic sample cups and pins, recalcified human citrated platelet-poor plasma spontaneously burst-coagulated but with an unpredictable clotting time whereas plasma depleted of MPs by ultracentrifugation failed to coagulate. Coagulation of MP-depleted plasma was restored in a dose-dependent manner by glass microbeads, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs), and carboxylic acid-containing anionic nanocoatings of TEG cups and pins (coated by glow-discharge plasma-polymerized ethylene containing oxygen, L-PPE:O with 4.4 and 6.8 atomic % [COOH]). Glass beads lost their pro-coagulant activity in MP-depleted plasma after their surfaces were nanocoated with hydrophobic plasma-polymerized hexamethyl disiloxane (PP-HMDSO). In FXII-depleted MP-depleted plasma, glass microbeads failed to induce coagulation, however, FXIa was sufficient to induce coagulation in a dose-dependent manner, with no effect of glass beads. These data suggest that anionic surfaces of crystalline, organic, and amorphous solid synthetic materials catalyze explosive thrombin generation in MP-depleted plasma by activating the FXII-dependent intrinsic contact pathway. The data also show that microparticles are pro-coagulant surfaces whose activity has been largely overlooked in many coagulation studies to-date. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which anionic biomaterial surfaces induce bone healing by contact osteogenesis, through fibrin clot formation in the absence of platelet activation.

A formação do Estado e a Igreja no Rio da Prata: Uma combinação de escalas de análise Martinez, Ignacio Manuel Este artículo combina diferentes escalas de análisis para estudiar procesos de secularización en contextos de desarticulación y rearticulación de jurisdicciones políticas y eclesiásticas, asociados a la consolidación de soberanías e instituciones modernas durante el siglo XIX. Se reflexiona a partir de dos problemas investigados en el espacio rioplatense: A) los inconvenientes que presentaron los experimentos republicanos para construir una soberanía que incluyera facultades eclesiásticas similares a las de la monarquía hispana, englobadas en el patronato regio, y B) los actores e intereses involucrados en el proceso de romanización de la Iglesia católica en ese espacio. La combinación de escalas permitió, en A), repensar los límites de las soberanías provinciales durante la etapa confederada y la importancia de la variable eclesiástica en el proceso de constitución nacional y, en B), incorporar los intereses, actores y dinámicas locales como factores efectivos de la romanización, que dejó de verse así como un proceso conducido exclusivamente desde Roma y cobró, en cambio, una dimensión regional.; Este artigo combina diferentes escalas de análise para estudar processos de secularização em contextos de desarticulação e rearticulação de jurisdições políticas e eclesiásticas, associados à consolidação de soberanias e instituições modernas durante o século XIX. Reflete-se a partir de dois problemas pesquisados no espaço rio-platense: a) os inconvenientes que os experimentos republicanos apresentaram para construir uma soberania que incluísse faculdades eclesiásticas similares às da monarquia hispânica, englobadas no patronato régio e b) os atores e interesses envolvidos no processo de romanização da Igreja Católica nesse espaço.; In this paper, different scales of analysis are combined to study processes of disarticulation and re-articulation of political and ecclesiastical jurisdictions during the building of nation-states in the 19th century. The combination of scales allowed, on one hand, to rethink the limits of the provincial sovereignties during the confederate stage and the importance of the ecclesiastical variable during the process of national constitution, and on the other, to incorporate the interests, actors and local dynamics as factors of Romanization, which is no longer seen as a process conducted exclusively from Rome, but as a multilateral and regionally-defined phenomenon.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors with anti‐inflammatory activity Vettorazzi, Marcela Cristina; Vila, Laura; Lima, Santiago; Acosta, Lina; Yépes, Felipe; Palma, Alirio; Cobo, Justo; Tengler, Jan; Malik, Ivan; Alvarez, Sergio Eduardo; Marqués, Patrice; Cabedo, Nuria; Sanz, María J.; Jampilek, Josef; Spiegel, Sarah; Enriz, Ricardo Daniel The synthesis of inhibitors of SphK2 with novel structural scaffolds is reported. These compounds were designed from a molecular modeling study, in which the molecular interactions stabilizing the different complexes were taken into account. Particularly interesting is that 7‐bromo‐2‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepine, which is a selective inhibitor of SphK2, does not exert any cytotoxic effects and has a potent anti‐inflammatory effect. It was found to inhibit mononuclear cell adhesion to the dysfunctional endothelium with minimal impact on neutrophil–endothelial cell interactions. The information obtained from our theoretical and experimental study can be useful in the search for inhibitors of SphK2 that play a prominent role in different diseases, especially in inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders.

Sexual size dimorphism, allometry and fecundity in a lineage of South American viviparous lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus) Valdecantos, Maria Soledad; Lobo Gaviola, Fernando Jose; Perotti, Maria Gabriela; Moreno Azócar, Débora Lina; Cruz, Felix Benjamin In living organisms with sexual reproduction, the presence of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is common. The main explanations for this phenomenon are based on sexual selection or the fecundity advantage hypothesis (natural selection). Here, we tested Rensch´s rule in species of the viviparous lizard genus Phymaturus; additionally, we tested if there is a pattern of sexual size dimorphism or if it depends upon other morphological traits. We found no evidence for Rensch´s rule in these lizards. After testing for multiple or single regime evolutionary models, we found that body size most likely evolved under multi-regime Ornstein-Uhlenbeck evolutionary model; the same was observed for abdomen width in females, a fecundity advantage hypothesis trait. For species with female biased SSD there is a positive relationship between snout-vent length and width of the belly, supporting the fecundity advantage hypothesis. Additionally, the relationship between brood size and brood mass with body size and body mass (respectively) were positive giving strength to the fecundity advantage hypothesis. Finally, our results show males did not show a clear pattern in relation to the sexual selection hypothesis, probably because sexual selection is a complex aspect that involves behavior and color. On the other hand, female body size and reproductive output are related to mean seasonal air temperature and its combination with mean annual air temperature in an evolutionary fashion framework, such as fecundity advantage hypothesis in these lizards.

Ablation of phospholamban rescues reperfusion arrhythmias but exacerbates myocardium infarction in hearts with Ca2+ /calmodulin kinase II constitutive phosphorylation of ryanodine receptors Valverde, Carlos Alfredo; Mazzocchi, Gabriela; Di Carlo, Mariano Nahuel; Ciocci Pardo, Alejandro; Salas, Nehuen; Ragone, María Inés; Felice, Juan Ignacio; Cely Ortiz, Diana Cataloina Alejandra; Consolini, Alicia Elvira; Portiansky, Enrique Leo; Mosca, Susana Maria; Kranias, Evangelia G.; Wehrens, Xander H. T.; Mattiazzi, Ramona Alicia Aims Abnormal Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), associated with Ca2+ -calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2 at Ser2814, has consistently been linked to arrhythmogenesis and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell death. In contrast, the role played by SR Ca2+ uptake under these stress conditions remains controversial. We tested the hypothesis that an increase in SR Ca2+ uptake is able to attenuate reperfusion arrhythmias and cardiac injury elicited by increased RyR2-Ser2814 phosphorylation. Methods and results We used WT mice, which have been previously shown to exhibit a transient increase in RyR2-Ser2814 phosphorylation at the onset of reperfusion; mice with constitutive pseudo-phosphorylation of RyR2 at Ser2814 (S2814D) to exacerbate CaMKII-dependent reperfusion arrhythmias and cardiac damage, and phospholamban (PLN)-deficient-S2814D knock-in (SDKO) mice resulting from crossbreeding S2814D with phospholamban knockout deficient (PLNKO) mice. At baseline, S2814D and SDKO mice had structurally normal hearts. Moreover none of the strains were arrhythmic before ischaemia. Upon cardiac I/R, WT, and S2814D hearts exhibited abundant arrhythmias that were prevented by PLN ablation. In contrast, PLN ablation increased infarct size compared with WT and S2814D hearts. Mechanistically, the enhanced SR Ca2+ sequestration evoked by PLN ablation in SDKO hearts prevented arrhythmogenic events upon reperfusion by fragmenting SR Ca2+ waves into non-propagated and non-arrhythmogenic events (mini-waves). Conversely, the increase in SR Ca2+ sequestration did not reduce but rather exacerbated I/R-induced SR Ca2+ leak, as well as mitochondrial alterations, which were greatly avoided by inhibition of RyR2. These results indicate that the increase in SR Ca2+ uptake is ineffective in preventing the enhanced SR Ca2+ leak of PLN ablated myocytes from either entering into nearby mitochondria and/or activating additional CaMKII pathways, contributing to cardiac damage. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that increasing SR Ca2+ uptake by PLN ablation can prevent the arrhythmic events triggered by CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2-induced SR Ca2+ leak. These findings underscore the benefits of increasing SERCA2a activity in the face of SR Ca2+ triggered arrhythmias. However, enhanced SERCA2a cannot prevent but rather exacerbates I/R cardiac injury.