Spin budget of the proton at NNLO and beyond de Florian, Daniel Enrique; Vogelsang, Werner We revisit the scale evolution of the quark and gluon spin contributions to the proton spin, 1 2 ΔΣ and ΔG, using the three-loop results for the spin-dependent evolution kernels available in the literature. We argue that the evolution of the quark spin contribution may actually be extended to the four-loop order, and that to all orders a single anomalous dimension governs the evolution of both ΔΣ and ΔG. We present analytical solutions of the evolution equations for ΔΣ and ΔG and investigate their scale dependence both to large and down to lower “hadronic” scales. We find that the solutions remain perturbatively stable even to low scales, where they come closer to simple quark model expectations. We discuss a curious scenario for the proton spin, in which even the gluon spin contribution is essentially scale independent and has a finite asymptotic value as the scale becomes large. We finally also show that perturbative three-loop evolution leads to a larger spin contribution of strange antiquarks than of strange quarks.

Evolución de los roedores Cephalomyidae (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) de Patagonia: sistemática y filogenia; Evolution of the Cephalomyidae (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) of Patagonia: systematic and phylogeny Busker, Felipe Los Cephalomyidae son una familia de roedores caviomorfos extintos, que habitaron Argentina y Bolivia durante el Oligoceno tardío-Mioceno temprano. Al día de hoy incluye a Cephalomys arcidens, C. plexus, C. ceciae y C. bolivianus del Oligoceno tardío de Patagonia y Bolivia; Litodontomys chubutensis del Oligoceno tardío de Patagonia; Soriamys ganganensis, S. gaimanensis y Banderomys leanzai del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia y Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus del Oligoceno tardío-Mioceno temprano de Argentina y Bolivia. Varios géneros, como Perimys, Scotamys, Asteromys y Palmiramys, fueron considerados cefalómidos, y luego removidos. La validez de Cephalomyidae como familia fue discutida ampliamente por distintos autores. Alternativamente el grupo fue incluido en Chinchilloidea, Cavioidea o incluso Octodontoidea, pero su posición filogenética nunca fue analizada en un contexto filogenético actualizado, con un correcto muestreo de taxones y caracteres. Además, algunos autores proponen que la validez de algunas de sus especies necesita revisión (e.g. C. plexus, C. bolivianus). El objetivo principal de esa tesis es estudiar la anatomía y sistemática de los Cephalomyidae y, a través de un análisis filogenético, plantear hipótesis para entender sus relaciones y su validez como familia. Para actualizar los datos respecto de la taxonomía a nivel genérico y específico de los cefalómidos, se realizó la redescripción anatómica de los materiales de cefalómidos de Argentina y Bolivia. Además, se describió nuevos materiales de C. arcidens, Banderomys, Litodontomys y Cephalomyopsis, provenientes de Patagonia, y de C. bolivianus, de Bolivia. Estos estudios confirmaron la sinonimia de C. plexus con C. arcidens, y la nueva combinación para C. bolivianus (Asteromys bolivianus). Para el análisis filogenético, se definió y codificó una matriz morfológica de 48 taxones y 143 caracteres, siguiendo matrices morfológicas publicadas. También se realizó un análisis filogenético combinado, basado en datos moleculares publicados. Las búsquedas se realizaron usando pesos iguales y pesos implicados, y las hipótesis filogenéticas resultantes fueron reportadas y discutidas. La familia Cephalomyidae se recuperó como grupo monofilético, dentro de la superfamilia Chinchilloidea, e incluyendo a los géneros Cephalomys, Cephalomyopsis y Litodontomys. También dentro de los Chinchilloidea, pero por fuera de Cephalomyidae, se recupera Perimys, Scotamys y Asteromys, este último como género monofilético. Soriamys y Banderomys forman un clado por fuera de los Cephalomyidae y dentro de la Superfamilia Cavioidea. El género Soriamys se recupera como monofilético, mientras que la monofilia de Cephalomys no pudo ser comprobada.; The Cephalomyidae are an extinct family of caviomorph rodents that inhabited in Argentina and Bolivia during the late Oligocene-early Miocene. Nowadays, the family includes Cephalomys arcidens, C. plexus, C. ceciae and C. bolivianus, from the late Oligocene of Patagonia and Bolivia; Litodontomys chubutensis from the late Oligocene of Patagonia; Soriamys ganganensis, S. gaimanensis and Banderomys leanzai from the early Miocene of Patagonia and Cephalomyopsis hypselodontus from the late Oligoceneearly Miocene of Argentina and Bolivia. Several genera, as Perimys, Scotamys, Asteromys and Palmiramys were also proposed as cephalomyids, and later removed from the family. Several authors have questioned the validity of the family. Cephalomyidae was proposed as either member of Chinchilloidea, Cavioidea or even Octodontoidea, but it have not been analyzed in an updated phylogenetic context with proper taxon and character sampling. In addition, some authors propose the need of revising some species (e.g. C. plexus, C. bolivianus). Thus, the need for a phylogenetic revision. The main goal of the present thesis is to review anatomical and systematic aspects of the putative cephalomiyds species, as well as conduct comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the family. In order to achieve this goal, I performed a full description of all the available material of cephalomyids from Argentina and Bolivia. I conducted thorough descriptions and systematic analyses of each putative cephalomyid species. Additionally, I described new specimens of Cephalomys arcidens, Banderomys, Litodontomys and Cephalomyopsis from Patagonia and of C. bolivianus from Bolivia. Anatomical studies confirmed the synonymy of C. plexus with C. arcidens, and established a new combination for C. bolivianus (Asteromys bolivianus). For the cladistics phylogenetic analyses, I defined and coded a morphological matrix of 48 taxa and 143 characters, following published morphological matrixes. I also conducted combined phylogenetic analyses, based on published molecular data. Searches were conducted using equal and implied weights, the resulting phylogenetic hypothesis are reported and discussed. Cephalomyidae was recovered as a monophyletic group, inside the superfamily Chinchilloidea and including the following genera: Cephalomys, Cephalomyopsis and Litodontomys. Also inside Chinchilloidea, but not as a part of Cephalomyidae, are Perimys, Scotamys and Asteromys, the last one as a monophyletic genera. Soriamys and Banderomys were recovered as a monophyletic group, outside of the family but within superfamily Cavioidea. The genus Soriamys is recovered as monophyletic, while the monophyly of Cephalomys could not be ascertained.

Internalism, externalism and life-cyclism in the history of helminthology Orensanz, Martín The history of helminthology in the Early Modern Period has been characterized as a debate between two camps, the internalists and the externalists. The internalists believed that helminths are spontaneously generated within the body of the host, whereas the externalists claimed that helminths enter the host from the external environment. According to the this account, the debate between these two camps ended in the nineteenth century with the victory of the externalist viewpoint. Here, we redefine these two terms, as well as the beliefs that the two groups upheld. We suggest that internalists were not necessarily committed to the theory of spontaneous generation, nor were externalists committed to its rejection. These terms only refer to the place where helminths supposedly originate, but not to the process by which they are generated. Thus, some internalists rejected the theory of spontaneous generation, while others held externalist viewpoints and at the same time accepted this theory. We claim that the debate did not end with the victory of the externalist camp; rather, a new position which we call “life-cyclism”, emerged and incorporated some elements of the two earlier positions.

La desembocadura del río Salado (Buenos Aires) en la década de 1850: espacio económico, auge y declive de un puerto alternativo; The mouth of the Salado River (Buenos Aires) in the 1850s: economic space, boom and decline of an alternative port Galarza, Antonio Facundo En el artículo se reconstruye el funcionamiento de un puerto en la boca del río Salado (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) durante la década de 1850. Constituido como alternativa a los bloqueos sufridos por la capital durante las décadas de 1830 y 1840, la desembocadura del Salado se constituyó para las autoridades porteñas como un espacio posible para constituir un puerto estable que sirviese para dinamizar el comercio y la economía de la campaña sur bonaerense, impulsando la ocupación estable y el crecimiento poblacional de la región.; This article deals with the functioning of an alternative port in the mouth of the Salado River (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) during the 1850s. Formed to get around blocks from the capital during the 1830s and 1840s, the mouth of the Salado River represented, for the local port authorities, a space in which to establish a secure port that would serve to boost trade and the economy in the southern Buenos Aires region, stabilizing employment and driving population growth.

A global approach to the gender gap in mathematical, computing and natural sciences: How to measure it, how to reduce it? Gledhill, Irvy M. A.; Roy, Marie Françoise; Chiu, Mei-Hung; Ivie, Rachel; Ponce Dawson, Silvina Martha; Mihaljević, Helena The participation of women in many fields of science remains a subject of concern worldwide. In this Commentary, we describe one of three collaborative projects – the Gender Gap project – funded by the International Science Council (ISC) and the 11 partners of the project. This project is the only one of the three that addresses an issue of such relevance for society. The objectives of the project are to provide evidence on which interventions can be based, and to make available material on best practice that has been proven by test. The project includes a joint global survey and a bibliometric analysis, both of which have an emphasis on comparing and contrasting results from less developed countries and from more developed countries.

"Una larga temporada de alturas": Intersecciones del teatro y la fotografía; “A long season of altitude”: Intersections between theatre and photography Pinta, María Fernanda Si pensamos en los formatos más conocidos del libro de teatro se nos figuran rápidamente dos tipos: libros de literatura dramática por un lado, y libros de historia y/o teoría teatral por otro. En los últimos años, sin embargo, un importante conjunto de publicaciones de teatro apunta a ampliar ambos formatos en, al menos, dos direcciones. En primer lugar, publicaciones que se proponen reunir experiencias de puesta en escena y textos inéditos. El libro se transforma, de este modo, en un archivo que exhibe, a su vez, las labores de la historia del teatro en su trabajo reconstructivo. En segundo lugar, publicaciones que parten de un espectáculo para producir otro artefacto, ya no un archivo de lo producido (texto o puesta en escena), sino un dispositivo que habilitan escrituras múltiples y usos diversos de la imagen. Así, el libro expande el radio de acción del espectáculo que le dio origen para incluirse en un proyectos artístico más amplio. Es el caso de Yo tenía un alma buena (fragmento de un discurso mutilado), libro de Maricel Álvarez publicado por Fundación Osde en 2015. Propongo estudiar este caso focalizando en las relaciones particulares entre teatro y fotografía y, a partir de allí, reflexionar acerca de una actividad intermedial en la línea con prácticas y estudios teatrales contemporáneos que amplían y renuevan el campo.; If we think about the best known formats of theatre books, we can quickly identify two types: on the one hand, books of dramatic literature; on the other, books of theatre history and/or theory. In recent years, however, an important set of theatre publications aim to expand both formats in at least two directions. First, publications that gather traces of staging experiences and unpublished texts. The book is, this way, transformed into an archive that, in turn, evidences the fundamental role of reconstruction within theatre history. Second, publications that, on the basis of a theatrical performance, produce another artifact: in this case, not an archive of what was produced (text or staging), but a device that enables multiple forms of writing and diverse uses of images. Thus, the book expands the range of action of the original performances and inscribes itself in a larger artistic project. It is the case of Yo tenía un alma buena (fragmentos de un discurso mutilado) [I Used to Have a Good Soul (Fragments of a Mutilated Discourse)] by Maricel Álvarez, published by Fundación Osde in 2015. I propose to study this case by focusing on the particular relations between theatre and photography and, based on this, to reflect upon an intermedial activity in line with contemporary practices and theatre studies that expand and renew the field.

Evolution of thin shells in D-dimensional general relativity Ramirez, Marcos Ariel; Aparicio, Diego Daniel In this paper, we consider singular timelike spherical hypersurfaces embedded in a D-dimensional spherically symmetric bulk spacetime which is an electrovacuum solution of Einstein equations with cosmological constant. We analyze the different possibilities regarding the orientation of the gradient of the standard r coordinate in relation to the shell. Then we study the dynamics according to Einstein equations for arbitrary matter satisfying the dominant energy condition. In particular, we thoroughly analyze the asymptotic dynamics for both the small and large-shell-radius limits. We also study the main qualitative aspects of the dynamics of shells made of linear barotropic fluids that satisfy the dominant energy condition. Finally, we prove weak cosmic censorship for this class of solutions.

New insights in the male anatomy, spermatophore formation, and sperm structure in Atyidae: The red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi Tomas, Ana Laura; Garcia Bento, Maria Alice; Mutti, Leonardo Damián; Zara, Fernando José; López Greco, Laura Susana This study aims to analyze the functional anatomy of the male reproductive system in Neocaridina davidi, a very popular ornamental species of caridean shrimp. Mature males were cold-anaesthetized and their reproductive systems were dissected for histological and histochemical analysis, while the spermatozoa and spermatophore wall ultrastructure were analyzed under transmission electron microscopy. The male reproductive system consisted of two coiled testes, which were continuous with the vasa deferentia. Testes were positioned on the dorsal side of the cephalothorax above the hepatopancreas, and comprised seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurred. Each vas deferens (VD) was a long tube dorsolaterally positioned with respect to the hepatopancreas, and increased in diameter at the distal end. Three regions could be recognized in the VD: proximal, middle, and distal. The proximal region had a cylindrical epithelium with secretory cells. The middle region (or typhlosole) had a dorsal fold (or typhlosole) with a thick columnar epithelium and high secretory activity. The spermatophore was a continuous cord with three acellular layers, which were mainly characterized by the presence of neutral glycoconjugates and proteins. The sperm morphology was distinct from the inverted cup-shaped spermatozoa observed in the majority of caridean shrimps. The spermatozoa in specimens of N. davidi were spherical in shape, with a cross-striated, single, short spike, and arranged in clusters of three or four sperm cells. The composition of the spermatophore, and the arrangement and form of the spermatozoa, seem to be unique in comparison to other species of Caridea.

Measurement of the average shape of longitudinal profiles of cosmic-ray air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory Sciutto, Sergio Juan; Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo; Mollerach, Maria Silvia; Figueira, Juan Manuel; Botti, Ana Martina; Bertou, Xavier Pierre Louis; Supanitsky, Alberto Daniel; Gomez Berisso, Mariano; Lucero, Luis Agustin; Golup, Geraldina Tamara; Melo, Diego Gabriel; Garcia, Beatriz Elena; Roulet, Esteban; Perlin, Matias; Andrada, María Belén; Almela, Daniel Alejandro; Bonifazi, Carla Brenda; Etchegoyen, Alberto; Mariazzi, Analisa Gabriela; Taboada Nunez, Alvaro; Dasso, Sergio Ricardo; Scornavacche, Marina Andrea; Hansen, Patricia Maria; Ferreyro, Luciano Pablo; González, Nicolás Martín; Micheletti, Maria Isabel; Vergara Quispe, Indira Dajhana; Sarmiento Cano, Christian Andres; Platino, Manuel; Sanchez, Federico Andrés; Tueros, Matias Jorge; The Pierre Auger Collaboration The profile of the longitudinal development of showers produced by ultra-highenergy cosmic rays carries information related to the interaction properties of the primary particles with atmospheric nuclei. In this work, we present the first measurement of the average shower profile in traversed atmospheric depth at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The shapes of profiles are well reproduced by the Gaisser-Hillas parametrization within the range studied, for E > 10^17.8 eV. A detailed analysis of the systematic uncertainties is performed using ten years of data and a full detector simulation. The average shape is quantified usingtwo variables related to the width and asymmetry of the profile, and the results are compared with predictions of hadronic interaction models for different primary particles.

Diferencias de conocimientos, valoración y uso de Cactáceas entre pobladores de Salinas Grandes y Sistema Serrano (Córdoba, Argentina) Torrico Chalabe, Julieta Karina; Trillo, Cecilia La valoración, uso y manejo de los recursos naturales por parte de pequeños productores se sustenta en el conocimiento ecológico local (CEL). Con el objeto de comparar entre sí las comunidades de dos unidades fisiográficas: Salinas Grandes y Sistema Serrano, abordamos el estudio del CEL sobre las cactáceas. Realizamos 21 entrevistas a informantes claves sobre diversidad, usos y valoración. En Salinas Grandes nos mencionaron por lo menos un uso para cada taxón y formas de manejo asociadas a tradiciones; en cambio, los informantes del Sistema Serrano mencionaron menos tipos de usos y cobraron relevancia otros tipos relacionados al turismo y la comercialización. Por un lado, los pobladores de Salinas Grandes, que viven en condiciones de aridez extrema y con escasos recursos herbáceos, conservan conocimientos ligados a tradiciones que son necesarios para asegurar su reproducción social, donde las Cactáceas aparecen como recursos claves para su subsistencia. Por otra parte, los del Sistema Serrano, que cuentan con mayor diversidad de recursos forrajeros, pueden ofrecer otros servicios y reorientan sus conocimientos hacia nuevas actividades, donde se evidencia la flexibilidad de estos saberes (dentro del CEL) que permite ajustes a las situaciones de cambio contextual.

Estudios sociales del arte y transdisciplina: Una propuesta metodológica; Social Studies of art and transdisciplinarity: A methodological proposal Bugnone, Ana Liza; Fernandez, Clarisa Ines; Capasso, Veronica Cecilia; Urtubey, Federico Eduardo El artículo propone una reflexión en torno a las estrategias metodológicas en los estudios sociales del arte. A partir de la importancia de la transdisciplinariedad para lograr una mirada que potencie el análisis social de los fenómenos artísticos, proponemos repensar los abordajes metodológicos que tradicionalmente se han utilizado para estudiar el arte, a fin de expandir la mirada. Se analizan dos estrategias metodológicas diseñadas para realizar estudios vinculados con el mundo artístico desde las ciencias sociales. Además, se avanza en la elaboración de una propuesta metodológica donde es fundamental la historización y localización concreta de los objetos, el diálogo disciplinar, la mirada reflexiva del investigador sobre su práctica y las instituciones académicas, y la construcción de un conocimiento pertinente para el mundo latinoamericano.

Association of an IRF3 putative functional uORF variant with resistance to Brucella infection: A candidate gene based analysis of InDel polymorphisms in goats Rossi, Ursula Amaranta; Hasenauer, Flavia Carolina; Caffaro, Maria Eugenia; Raschia, Maria Agustina; Maurizio, Estefanía; Cortez, Héctor Sergio; Neumann, Roberto; Poli, Mario Andres; Rossetti, Carlos Alberto Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by infection with Brucella spp. It generates major economic losses in livestock production worldwide. Goats are the principal hosts of B. melitensis, the main infection agent of caprine and human brucellosis. The selection of resistance-related genes is considered one of the best longterm means to improve control to bacterial infection in domestic ruminants. We performed a candidate gene association study to test if six short insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) at bacterial-infection related genes influence the resistance to Brucella infection in female creole goats. InDels (IRF3-540: rs660531540, FKBP5-294: rs448529294, TIRAP-561: rs657494561, PTPRT-588: rs667380588, KALRN-989: rs667660989 and RAB5a-016: rs661537016) were resolved by PCR-capillary electrophoresis in samples from 64 cases and 64 controls for brucellosis. Allelic frequencies were significantly different between cases and controls at IRF3-540 and KALRN-989 (p = 0.001 and 0.005). Indeed, the minor alleles (a and k) at InDels IRF3-540 and KALRN-989 were more frequent among controls than cases, providing evidence that these alleles confer protection against Brucella infection. Moreover, IRF3-540 a-containing genotypes (Aa and aa) were associated with absence of Brucella-specific antibodies in goats (p = 0.003; OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 1.55–7.96), and more specifically, a-allele was associated with resistance to Brucella infection in a dose-dependent manner. Also, we observed that the IRF3-540 deletion (a-allele) extends a conserved upstream ORF by 75 nucleotides to the main ORF, and thus it may decrease gene expression by reducing translation efficiency from the main ORF. These results suggest a potential functional role of IRF3-540 deletion in genetic resistance to Brucella infection in goats.

Multifunktionale Aluminiumoberflächen durch laserinduzierte Verfahren Milles, Stephan; Soldera, Marcos Maximiliano; Voisiat, Bogdan; Nitschke, M.; Baumann, Robert; Lasagni, Andrés Fabián Laserlicht bietet, durch seine hohe gebündelte, Energie eine Vielzahl von Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Durch verschiedenste Laserverfahren können filigrane Mikrostrukturen hergestellt, mit denen sich die Benetzung und Vereisung von Aluminiumoberflächen beeinflussen lässt.

Los derechos de la niñez migrante en América Latina y el Caribe: Entre la vulneración y la falta de garantías Parodi, Lucía Hipatía La inestabilidad institucional, política, social y económica en ciertos países de la región latinoamericana ha producido una diversificación de flujos migratorios con una creciente movilidad intrarregional. De esta enorme población que recorre los rincones de nuestra región, un colectivo especialmente vulnerable despierta nuestra atención: la infancia migrante. Este trabajo se propone analizar la particular situación en la que se encuentran los niños migrantes en América Latina y Caribe, los derechos que a éstos les asisten y la función primordial del Estado como garante de la protección integral de la infancia.

Rational design of polymer-lipid nanoparticles for docetaxel delivery Albano, Juan Manuel Ricardo; Ribeiro, Lígia Nunes de Morais; Couto, Verônica Muniz; Barbosa Messias, Mariana; Rodrigues da Silva, Gustavo Henrique; Breitkreitz, Márcia Cristina; de Paula, Eneida; Pickholz, Mónica Andrea In this work, a stable nanocarrier for the anti-cancer drug docetaxel was rational designed. The nanocarrier was developed based on the solid lipid nanoparticle preparation process aiming to minimize the total amount of excipients used in the final formulations. A particular interest was put on the effects of the polymers in the final composition. In this direction, two poloxoamers -Pluronic F127 and F68- were selected. Some poloxamers are well known to be inhibitors of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump. Additionally, their poly-ethylene-oxide blocks can help them to escape the immune system, making the poloxamers appealing to be present in a nanoparticle designed for the treatment of cancer. Within this context, a factorial experiment design was used to achieve the most suitable formulations, and also to identify the effects of each component on the final (optimized) systems. Two final formulations were chosen with sizes < 250 nm and PDI < 0.2. Then, using dynamic light scattering and nanotracking techniques, the stability of the formulations was assessed during six months. Structural studies were carried on trough different techniques: DSC, x-ray diffraction, FTIR-AR and Molecular Dynamics. The encapsulation efficiency of the anticancer drug docetaxel (> 90%) and its release dynamics from formulations were measured, showing that the polymer-lipid nanoparticle is suitable as a drug delivery system for the treatment of cancer.

Development of a third-generation biosensor to determine sterigmatocystin mycotoxin: An early warning system to detect aflatoxin B1 Díaz Nieto, César Horacio; Granero, Adrian Marcelo; Garcia, D.; Nesci, Andrea Verónica; Barros, Germán Gustavo; Zon, María Alicia; Fernández, H. A third-generation enzymatic biosensor was developed to quantify sterigmatocystin (STEH). It was based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a composite of the soybean peroxidase enzyme (SPE) and chemically reduced graphene oxide. The optimal conditions to construct the biosensor were obtained through an experimental design based on the response surfaces methodology. The experiments were performed in 0.1 mol L−1 phosphate buffer solution, pH 5. Amperometric measurements were carried out at − 0.09 V vs Ag/AgCl (3 mol L−1 NaCl). The biosensor showed a lineal response in the concentration range from 6.9 × 10−9 to 5.0 × 10−7 mol L−1. The limit of detection was 2.3 × 10−9 mol L−1 for a signal: noise ratio of 3: 1. Values of the apparent Michaellis-Menten constant, KM app, obtained by using both Lineweaver-Burk and Eadi-Hofstee methods were (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10−6 and (1.2 ± 0.2) × 10−6 mol L−1, respectively. STEH was analyzed in corn samples spiked with STEH, with an average recovery of 96.5%. The biosensor was also used to determine STEH in corn samples inoculated with the Aspergillus flavus fungus, which is an aflatoxins producer. Considering that STEH is a precursor of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in its biological transformation, its decrease over time was related to the production of AFB1. The STEH concentration determined using the biosensor was in very good agreement with that determined by HPLC.

Eigenvalue bounds and spectral asymptotics for fractal Laplacians Pinasco, Juan Pablo; Scarola, Cristian In this work we present Lyapunov type inequalities for generalized one dimensional Laplacian operators defined by positive atomless Borel measures. As applications, we present lower bounds for the first eigenvalue when the measure is a Bernoulli convolution, with or without overlaps. Also, for symmetric Bernoulli convolutions we obtain two sided bounds for higher eigenvalues, and we recover the asymptotic growth of the spectral counting function by elementary means without using the Renewal Theorem. We also consider the Laplacian on the Sierpinsky gasket and other similar fractals, and we deduce a lower bound of their eigenvalues from a Lyapunov type inequality.

Molecular-level Understanding of the Rate-determining Step in Esterification Reactions Catalyzed by H-ZSM-5 Zeolite. An Experimental and Theoretical Study Gomes, Glaucio José; Zalazar, Maria Fernanda; Arroyo, Pedro Augusto; Scremin, Fernando R.; Costa, Michelle Budke; Bittencourt, Paulo R. S.; Lindino, Cleber A.; Peruchena, Nelida Maria Transformation of biomass into renewable energy products is currently one of the most promising technologies for dropping dependence on fossil fuels. Biodiesel production may improve with the use of heterogeneous catalysts, such as zeolites. In this work, computational calculations in conjunction with thermal analysis (TGA), evolved gases analysis (EGA) and IR spectroscopic studies were used in order to obtain a more detailed information on the adsorption mechanism involved in the rate-determining step of esterification reactions inside the H-ZSM-5 zeolite. ATR-FTIR spectra showed a molecular adsorption of MeOH and acetic acid (AcOH) on the H-ZSM-5 surface, IR spectrum of AcOH showed perturbations in the region of the bands relative to the carbonyl group C=O, indicating molecular interactions by the adsorption processes, as predicted by theoretical calculations. Adsorption of a single molecule of AcOH by C=O in a single adsorption step followed by coadsorption of MeOH is more stable than adsorption involving the zeolite proton sharing, however energies values suggested competitiveness between both mechanisms. Interactions between the adsorbed molecules and the lattice structure are crucial in controlling the adsorption observed experimentally.

Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition as a therapeutic approach to selectively target BRCA1-deficient cancer cells by synthetic lethality induction Carbajosa González, Sofía; Pansa, Maria Florencia; Paviolo, Natalia Soledad; Castellaro, Andrés Marcos; Andino, Diego Leonardo; Nigra, Ayelén Denise; García, Iris Alejandra; Racca, Ana Cristina; Rodriguez, María Celeste; Angiolini, Virginia Andrea; Guantay, Maria Laura; Villafañez, Florencia; Federico, Maria Belén; Rodríguez, Lucía; Caputto, Beatriz Leonor; Drewes, Gerard; Madauss, Kevin P.; Gloger, Israel; Fernandez, Elmer Andres; Gil, German Alejandro; Bocco, Jose Luis; Gottifredi, Vanesa; Soria, Ramiro Gaston Purpose: BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficiencies are widespread drivers of human cancers that await the development of targeted therapies. We aimed to identify novel synthetic lethal relationships with therapeutic potential using BRCA-deficient isogenic backgrounds. Experimental Design: We developed a phenotypic screening technology to simultaneously search for synthetic lethal (SL) interactions in BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient contexts. For validation, we developed chimeric spheroids and a dualtumor xenograft model that allowed the confirmation of SL induction with the concomitant evaluation of undesired cytotoxicity on BRCA-proficient cells. To extend our results using clinical data, we performed retrospective analysis on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer database. Results: The screening of a kinase inhibitors library revealed that Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibition triggers strong SL induction in BRCA1-deficient cells. Mechanistically, we found no connection between the SL induced by PLK1 inhibition and PARP inhibitors. Instead, we uncovered that BRCA1 downregulation and PLK1 inhibition lead to aberrant mitotic phenotypes with altered centrosomal duplication and cytokinesis, which severely reduced the clonogenic potential of these cells. The penetrance of PLK1/BRCA1 SL interaction was validated using several isogenic and nonisogenic cellular models, chimeric spheroids, and mice xenografts. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis revealed high-PLK1 expression in BRCA1-deficient tumors, a phenotype that was consistently recapitulated by inducing BRCA1 deficiency in multiple cell lines as well as in BRCA1-mutant cells. Conclusions: We uncovered an unforeseen addiction of BRCA1-deficient cancer cells to PLK1 expression, which provides a new means to exploit the therapeutic potential of PLK1 inhibitors in clinical trials, by generating stratification schemes that consider this molecular trait in patient cohorts.

The contribution of the pairing field to the transfer of two nucleons Bes, Daniel Raul; Civitarese, Enrique Osvaldo The treatment of pairing interactions in systems with a finite number of particles, like the atomic nucleus, was originally performed by applying the BCS transformations in the energy representation. An alternative method, formulated by de Gennes, introduces explicitly the radial dependence of the BCS-type solutions of the pairing force problem for superconductors. In this paper we explore the consequences of the use of de Gennes's formalism to calculate the pairing contribution to two-nucleon transfer amplitudes.