Looking at the past to infer into the future: Thermal traits track environmental change in Liolaemidae Ibarguengoytía, Nora; Medina, Susana Marlin; Laspiur, Julio Alejandro; Qu, Yan Fu; Ramirez Peralta, César Augusto; Sinervo, Barry; Miles, Donald Bailey The diversity of habitats generated by the Andes uplift resulted a mosaic of heterogeneous environments in South America for species to evolve a variety of ecological and physiological specializations. Species in the lizard family Liolaemidae occupy a myriad of habitats in the Andes. Here, we analyze the tempo and mode of evolution in the thermal biology of liolaemids. We assessed whether there is evidence of local adaptation (lability) or conservatism (stasis) in thermal traits. We tested the hypothesis that abiotic factors (e.g., geography, climate) rather than intrinsic factors (egg-laying [oviparous] or live-bearing [viviparous], substrate affinity) explain variation in field active body temperature (Tb), preferred temperature (Tp), hours of restriction of activity, and potential hours of activity. Although most traits exhibited high phylogenetic signal, we found variation in thermal biology was shaped by geography, climate, and ecological diversity. Ancestral character reconstruction showed shifts in Tb tracked environmental change in the past ∼20,000 years. Thermal preference is 3°C higher than Tb, yet exhibited a lower rate of evolution than Tb and air temperature. Viviparous Liolaemus have lower Tbs than oviparous species, whereas Tp is high for both modes of reproduction, a key difference that results in a thermal buffer for viviparous species to cope with global warming. The rapid increase in environmental temperatures expected in the next 50–80 years in combination with anthropogenic loss of habitats are projected to cause extirpations and extinctions in oviparous species.

Damage-driven strain localisation in networks of fibres: A computational homogenisation approach Rocha, Felipe Figueredo; Blanco, Pablo Javier; Sánchez, Pablo Javier; De Souza Neto, Eduardo Alberto; Feijóo, Raúl Antonino In many applications, such as textiles, fibreglass, paper and several kinds of biological fibrous tissues, the main load-bearing constituents at the micro-scale are arranged as a fibre network. In these materials, rupture is usually driven by micro-mechanical failure mechanisms, and strain localisation due to progressive damage evolution in the fibres is the main cause of macro-scale instability. We propose a strain-driven computational homogenisation formulationbased on Representative Volume Element (RVE), within a framework in which micro-scale fibre damage can lead to macro-scale localisation phenomena. The mechanical stiffness considered here for the fibrous structure system is due to: i) an intra-fibre mechanism in which each fibre is axially stretched, and as a result, it can suffer damage; ii) an inter-fibre mechanism in which the stiffness results from the variation of the relative angle between pairs of fibres. The homogenised tangent tensor, which comes from the contribution of these two mechanisms, is required to detect the so-called bifurcation point at the macro-scale, through the spectral analysis of the acoustic tensor. This analysis can precisely determine the instant at which the macro-scale problem becomes ill-posed. At such a point, the spectral analysis provides information about the macro-scale failure pattern (unit normal and crack-opening vectors). Special attention is devoted to present the theoretical fundamentals rigorously in the light of variational formulations for multi-scale models. Also, the impact of a recent derived more general boundary condition for fibre networks is assessed in the context of materials undergoing softening. Numerical examples showing the suitability of the present methodology are also shown and discussed.

A multiwavelength study of the H II region G347.600 + 00.211 and its effects on the surrounding medium Cárdenas, Silvina Belén; Cichowolski, Silvina; Suad, Laura Andrea; Molina Lera, José Alejo; Gamen, Roberto Claudio; Rizzo, Lucía We present a multi-wavelength investigation of the H ii region G347.600+00.211, located at a distance of 7.9 kpc. We analyse the gas and dust properties aiming to disentangle the origin of the region as well as its role in the formation of new stars. G347.600+00.211 is very conspicuous at 1420 MHz and infrared wavelengths, showing an incomplete shell-like structure with two distinct zones of very intense emission. The infrared bubble S8 is part of the shell structure. The spatial distribution of the molecular gas shows the presence of six clouds located around the ionized region and showing a good morphological correlation with the 8 µm emission. Cold dust is coincident with the dense gas shown in the CO measurements. As for the origin of the region, we found that the massive cluster [DBS2003]179 and two Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars are located at the same distance than the ionized gas. Based on a stellar density analysis, we inferred that one of the WR stars, 1181-81L, is also a probable member of the cluster. Both the cluster and the WR stars are not only within the ring–like structure, but are also located near the two spots of very heightened emission, suggesting they may be responsible for this bright emission. Finally, as expanding H ii regions are hypothesised to trigger star formation, we used different infrared point source catalogues to search for young stellar object candidates (cYSOs). A total of 33 cYSOs and 4 CH ii regions were identified projected onto the photo–dissociation regions and molecular clouds.

Population structure of sigmodontine rodents through age estimation by individual growth models Gorosito, Irene Laura; Busch, Maria Ecological studies aimed at identifying and characterizing seasonal demographic patterns in rodent populations often face methodological difficulties. First, imperfect detectability could lead to biased abundance estimates and, in particular, yield biased proportions of individuals of different age groups. Second, age determination methods that require killing animals are undesired, particularly in longitudinal studies. In this work, we develop a strategy to overcome those problems by using growth models of two readily in-the-field measurable traits (body length and mass) to obtain age estimates based on recapture data of two species of sigmodontine rodents. We used extrapolated birth dates as a complement to data obtained from visual examination of adults’ genitals to assess reproductive activity quantitatively. Our method revealed that births showed a yearly cycle of high and low frequency, but occurred throughout the year without fully stopping. Moreover, we found that young individuals (age < 2 months) are not detectable and also a large fraction of the adult population was not detected until several months after they began to be detectable. However, adding the youngest group of the population to typical minimum-number-alive abundance estimates, based on age estimates, allowed us to obtain a complete picture of populations’ age structures and abundance cycles, partly solving the detectability problem. Overall, our results suggest that the proposed age determination method has a great potential for exploiting longitudinal data and may be particularly useful for conservation programs and epidemiological studies, where demographic patterns play an important role.

Is the city of la plata the collection site for bothriurus bonariensis (C.l. koch, 1843) syntypes (scorpiones: Bothriuridae)?; ¿Es la ciudad de la plata el sitio de recolección de los sintipos de bothriurus bonariensis (C.l. koch, 1843) (scorpiones: bothriuridae)? Giambelluca, Luis Alberto Los sintipos de Bothriurus bonariensis fueron descritos por C.L. Koch en 1843 quien mencionó a "La Plata” como sitio de recolección, pero esta ciudad no existió hasta 1882, lo que sugiere que se refería a la zona del Río de La Plata. También se menciona un error, tanto en publicaciones como en páginas web, que mencionan como año de publicación 1842 y no 1843.; Bothriurus bonariensis syntypes were described by C.L. Koch in 1843 whomentioned "La Plata" as the collection site, but this city did not exist until 1882, suggestingthat he was referring to the Río de La Plata area. An error is also pointed out in relation topublications and web pages which mention 1842 and not 1843 as the year of publication.

Intramuscular insulin-like growth factor-1 gene therapy modulates reactive microglia after traumatic brain injury Herrera, Macarena Lorena; Bandín, Sandra; Champarini, Leandro Gabriel; Hereñú, Claudia Beatriz; Bellini, Maria Jose Reactive gliosis is a key feature and an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying chronic neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we have explored the effects of intramuscular IGF-1 gene therapy on reactive gliosis and functional outcome after an injury of the cerebral cortex. Young adult male rats were intramuscularly injected with a recombinant adenoviral construct harboring the cDNA of human IGF-1 (RAd-IGF1), with a control vector expressing green fluorescent protein (RAd-GFP) or PBS as control. Three weeks after the intramuscular injections of adenoviral vectors, animals were subjected to a unilateral penetrating brain injury. The data revealed that RAd-IGF1 gene therapy significantly increased serum IGF1 levels and improved working memory performance after one week of TBI as compared to PBS or RAd-GFP lesioned animals. At the same time, when we analyzed the effects of therapy on glial scar formation, the treatment with RAd-IGF1 did not modify the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells, but we observed a decrease in vimentin immunoreactive astrocytes at 7 days post-lesion in the injured hemisphere compared to RAd-GFP group. Moreover, IGF-1 gene therapy reduced the number of Iba1+ cells with reactive phenotype and the number of MHCII + cells in the injured hemisphere. These results suggest that intramuscular IGF-1 gene therapy may represent a new approach to prevent traumatic brain injury outcomes in rats.

Paleoenvironmental contexts of South American Cretaceous sauropod tracks Tomaselli, María Belén; Ortiz David, Leonardo Daniel; Gonzalez Riga, Bernardo Javier The ichnological Cretaceous sauropod record of South America is analyzed for the first time in relation with skeletal and paleoenvironmental data. The updated database includes 39 tracksites and 71 valid species (53 titanosaurs and 18 non-titanosaurs) from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Argentina. The track and bone records analyzed evidence a relationship with continental environments, specifically with fluvial ones. This is observed in all Sauropoda records, indicating an ecological association of the Cretaceous sauropods for these environments. In addition, the paleogeographic reconstruction integrating these records does not evidence any correlation between the distribution of sauropods and the latitudinal range. During the late Campanian–Maastrichtian interval, when the Atlantic transgression event was established, the titanosaur record started to show a singular panorama. The tracksites are preserved not only in continental paleoenvironments but also in marginal-marine ones, being the only last records of titanosaurs associated with that environment in South America. Both the paleoecological aspects based on sauropod Cretaceous record and the paleoenvironmental data collected in this work support the hypothesis that these tracksites were used by titanosaurs as ‘transit areas’ to move among the environments they inhabited.

A fast and robust closed-loop photovoltaic MPPT approach based on sliding mode techniques Inthamoussou, Fernando Ariel; Valenciaga, Fernando This article presents a closed-loop Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for a photovoltaic (PV) system that includes a PV array, a DC-DC converter and a DC bus. The proposal consists of a controller and two observers developed into the sliding mode (SM) theoretical framework. The converter switching signal is driven by an Integral First-Order Sliding Mode (IFOSM) controller whose input corresponds to the PV power gradient estimation. This estimation is obtained through a pair of Second Order Sliding Mode Observers (SOSM). The first one corresponds to a Levant's differentiator which estimates the first-time derivative of the PV voltage and feds a specific SOSM which delivers the PV power gradient estimation. These kinds of observers converge in finite time even in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and external perturbations. The proposed structure permits to synthesise a whole MPPT closed-loop system with a fast-tracking dynamics, a moderate computational burden and a reduced hardware cost, requiring only two variable measurements. This approach, simplifies the controller design and the system start-up, which does not need any specific initial conditions to be started from. The system performance is evaluated using representative computer simulations with standardised radiation and temperature profiles and corroborated through experimental tests. Finally, the proposal capabilities to work under partial shading conditions are also evaluated.

A deep learning-based approach to model anomalous diffusion of membrane proteins: The case of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Buena Maizón, Héctor; Barrantes, Francisco Jose We present a concatenated deep-learning multiple neural network system for the analysis of single-molecule trajectories. We apply this machine learning-based analysis to characterize the translational diffusion of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the plasma membrane, experimentally interrogated using superresolution optical microscopy. The receptor protein displays a heterogeneous diffusion behavior that goes beyond the ensemble level, with individual trajectories exhibiting more than one diffusive state, requiring the optimization of the neural networks through a hyperparameter analysis for different numbers of steps and durations, especially for short trajectories (<50 steps) where the accuracy of the models is most sensitive to localization errors. We next use the statistical models to test for Brownian, continuous-Time random walk and fractional Brownian motion, and introduce and implement an additional, two-state model combining Brownian walks and obstructed diffusion mechanisms, enabling us to partition the two-state trajectories into segments, each of which is independently subjected to multiple analysis. The concatenated multi-network system evaluates and selects those physical models that most accurately describe the receptor's translational diffusion. We show that the two-state Brownian-obstructed diffusion model can account for the experimentally observed anomalous diffusion (mostly subdiffusive) of the population and the heterogeneous single-molecule behavior, accurately describing the majority (72.5 to 88.7% for α-bungarotoxin-labeled receptor and between 73.5 and 90.3% for antibody-labeled molecules) of the experimentally observed trajectories, with only ~15% of the trajectories fitting to the fractional Brownian motion model.

Fossil bubble structure related to microbial activity coeval with the middle Ediacaran Oceanic Oxygenation Event in the Tandilia System Arrouy, Maria Julia; Gómez Peral, Lucia; Penzo, Victoria; Ferreyra, Camila; Poire, Daniel Gustavo The well-preserved limestone succession, Loma Negra Formation (~40 m), in the Tandilia System was deposited in a shallow carbonate ramp under low energy conditions. The evolution in the depositional settings of the unit was indicated as deepening upwards varying from shallow-middle to outer ramp environment. The limestone fabric is assumed as the product of biologically controlled precipitation of micrite, where the terrigenous supply was limited. From detailed meso- and microscopic descriptions it is possible to recognize microbially induced sedimentary structures ?MISS? represented by typical microtextures related to microbial activity that appear represented throughout the entire formation. In addition, micro-stromatolites are observed in the unit associated with the microbial mats showing micro-columnar conical to domical morphologies.In the basal and middle Loma Negra Formation, hemispherical structures are recognized in the bed-tops and interpreted as bubbles-like and gas escape features associated with the microbial mat interaction. Their morphology is compared with oxygen bubbles produced by modern experimental modelling with photosynthetic cyanobacteria microbial mats. Moreover, hemispherical structures are associated with increasing gas pressure lifting grains and the organic components to the surface.This paper provides evidence to understand the possible causal relationship between microbial activity and seawater oxygenation. The high oxygen production revealed by geochemistry proxies and here proposed as probably associated with photosynthetic microbial activity might be a plausible explanation for the record of the documented Middle Ediacaran Oceanic Oxygenation Event in the Loma Negra Formation.

Verdad y significado en La vida del espíritu, de H. Arendt; Truth and meaning in The Life of the Mind, of H. Arendt Cantero, María de Los Angeles El presente artículo está orientado al análisis del itinerario reflexivo realizado por Hannah Arendt en la primera parte de La vida del espíritu dedicada al pensamiento. Se detiene, sobre todo, en la distinción entre verdad y significado que se realiza en esta parte, con miras a resaltar la responsabilidad inherente al ser humano con relación a la comprensión del significado último de su existencia y de la totalidad de la realidad. El texto está organizado en tres apartados. En el primero, se examinan las ideas de Arendt acerca de las tensiones y exigencias que presentan los «apartamientos y los regresos» constitutivos de la actividad del pensamiento en relación con las apariencias. En el segundo, la reflexión se focaliza en la resignificación operada por Arendt a la distinción kantiana entre las facultades del «intelecto», por un lado, al que corresponde conocer la verdad, y la «razón», por el otro, cuya actividad mental es pensar y comprender el significado. En el último, por su parte, se exponen las razones de la centralidad otorgada por Arendt a la tarea de comprender el significado que cada ser humano y cada generación debe actualizar por sí mismo y de un modo siempre nuevo.; This article is oriented to the analysis of the reflective itinerary made by Hannah Arendt in the first part of The Life of the Mind, dedicated to thinking. It stops, above all, on the distinction between truth and meaning that is made in this part, with a view in order to highlighting the inherent responsibility of human beings in relation to the understanding of the ultimate meaning of their existence and of the totality of reality. The text is organized in three sections. In the first one, Arendt’s ideas about the tensions and demands presented by the «departures and returns» that constitute the activity of thought in relation to appearances are examined. In the second one, the reflection focuses on the resignification operated by Arendt to the Kantian distinction between the faculties of «intellect», on the one hand and which corresponds to know the truth, and «reason», on the other hand, whose mental activity is thinking and understanding the meaning. The last section exposes the reasons for the centrality given by Arendt to the task of understanding the meaning that each human being and each generation must update by themselves and in an always new way.

Derecho humano a la alimentación y cuestión periurbana: una reflexión desde la soberanía alimentaria; Human right to food and peri- urban issue: a reflexion from food sovereignty Marichal, Maria Eugenia; Bonet de Viola, Ana María; Passegi, Delia; Scolnick, Nadina Este trabajo analiza el potencial del concepto de soberanía alimentaria para reivindicar el rol de los sectores periurbanos en las políticas alimentarias. Durante las últimas décadas en Argentina, estas políticas se basaron en una concepción asistencialista y jerárquica, concebida en contexto de emergencia. Esta concepción postergó el necesario abordaje integral y a largo plazo. Como hipótesis, se postula que este tipo de políticas contribuyen a afianzar la marginalidad de los territorios periurbanos en tanto destinatarios pasivos de prestaciones sociales. Al responder a un nivel básico del derecho humano a la alimentación, restringen el potencial participativo, productivo y ecológico de esos territorios. La soberanía alimentaria contribuye a una reinterpretación del derecho humano a la alimentación en su nivel más integral, en tanto parte de un nivel de vida adecuado. De este modo, habilita un desplazamiento de lo periurbano desde una consideración pasiva hacia su abordaje como protagonista en la transición socioecológica.; This work analyses the potential of the food sovereignty concept to vindicate the peri-urban sector's role in food policies. For the last decades in Argentina, these policies were based on welfare and top-down conception conceived in an emergency context. This conception postponed the necessary integration and long term approach. As a hypothesis, it is proposed that this type of policies contributes to strengthen the peri-urban territories marginality as passive recipients of social benefits. In responding to a basic level of human right to food, they limit the participative, productive and ecological potential of these territories. The food sovereignty contributes to a reinterpretation of the human right to food in its most integral level, as a part of an adequate standard of living. Thus, food sovereignty enables a shift of the peri-urban from a passive consideration to its approach as a leading role in the socio-ecological transition.

Imaginarios sociales y prácticas de distinción: Jóvenes talentosos/as, comprometidos/as, emprendedores/as y cosmopolitas; Social Imaginaries and Distinction Practices: Talented, Committed, Entrepreneurial and Cosmopolitan Young People Dallaglio, Lucila María Teresa Este artículo indaga los imaginarios y las prácticas de distinción observadas entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de San Andrés, ubicada en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina, tanto entre jóvenes pertenecientes a sectores de altos ingresos como entre quienes reciben algún tipo de beca o de ayuda financiera. El objetivo es analizar el perfil del estudiante de esta universidad, que ofrece una formación centrada en las competencias: jóvenes talentosos/as, solidarios/as, emprendedores/as y cosmopolitas. Entre los resultados, se muestra una representación positivizada en torno al desarrollo de diferentes talentos e iniciativas sociales, del emprendedorismo y de los intercambios que coadyuvan a internacionalizar las trayectorias.; This article investigates the social imaginaries and distinction practices carried out by the students of the University of San Andrés (Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina), both young people from high-income sectors and those who receive some type of scholarship or financial aid. The objective is to analyze the profile of the student of this university, which offers training focused on skills: talented, supportive, enterprising and cosmopolitan youth. Among the results is a positive representation of young university students around the development of different talents and social initiatives, entrepreneurship and exchanges that help internationalize their trajectories.

Argentina: las aporías del neodesarrollismo Cantamutto, Francisco J.; Schorr, Martín El peronismo asumió la Presidencia de Argentina en medio de una crisis heredada, a la cual se sumó una crisis mundial. Ante ello, el gobierno neodesarrollista ha tomado como mandato ordenar la macroeconomía y destinar sus esfuerzos a maximizar la orientación exportadora de manera urgente. Al hacer esto, acepta la especialización productiva existente, basada en ventajas comparativas estáticas, y omite las consideraciones respecto de los actores concretos que la personifican, el rol del mercado interno, los impactos locales y las vías no comerciales por las cuales se fugan los recursos.

The age-impunity rhetoric in trials for crimes committed during the Argentinian genocide (1975-1983) Zylberman, Lior Alejandro; Taboada, Adriana Sonia Since the reopening of the trials for the crimes committed by the last military dictatorship, new aspects have emerged on the scene, one of them being the age-impunity rhetoric. In its visual dimension, we understand this rhetoric to mean the representation of the perpetrators that has been taking shape in recent years, enabling them to be exempted from guilt and responsibility for the crimes committed by virtue of their advanced age. We argue that the visual configures a certain aesthetic that provides a scaffolding for impunity and its naturalization. In order to enter into the construction of this representation, we will put in tension the pair seen-unseen through photographs and editorials in the written press.

Territorializar la interculturalidad: jóvenes, ciudad y migración en el Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina Hendel, Verónica El urbanismo y la arquitectura han tendido a naturalizar las relaciones sociales y de poder que dan forma a las territorialidades hegemónicas, invisibilizando, negando y/o alterizando otras formas de habitar, recorrer, percibir, sentir y producir la ciudad. En este escrito nos interesa pensar la ciudad como territorio, y problematizar sus lazos con la interculturalidad a partir de una experiencia etnográfica y un ejercicio cartográfico realizados junto con jóvenes que, en su mayoría, forman parte de familias migrantes y asisten a la escuela secundaria en el Gran Buenos Aires. Nos interesa situar la mirada en aquellos lugares que, al cartografiar, han vinculado a la interculturalidad porque entendemos que en ese ejercicio los jóvenes ponen en juego concepciones, sentidos y prácticas que van más allá de la mera enunciación, y se vinculan con procesos de identificación que se despliegan en el espacio urbano y disputan sus sentidos.; Urbanism and architecture have tended to naturalize the social and power relations that shape hegemonic territorialities, making invisible, denying and/or altering other ways of inhabiting, exploring, perceiving, feeling and producing the city. In this article, we are interested in thinking about the city as a territory, and problematizing its ties with interculturality, based on an ethnographic experience and a cartographic exercise carried out together with young people who are part of migrant families and attend secondary school in Greater Buenos Aires. We are interested in placing our gaze on those places that, when mapping, young people have linked to interculturality because we understand that in this exercise they put into play conceptions, meanings and practices that go beyond mere enunciation and are linked to identification processes that unfold in the urban space and dispute their meanings.

Proyecto intervención lumínica, de Ricardo Sica: poniendo el foco en el vacío; Light intervention project, by Ricardo Sica: putting the focus on emptiness Mauro, Karina Mariel La pandemia COVID19 ocasionó el cierre de las salas y la total parálisis de la actividad teatral. Los artistas implementaron entonces diversas estrategias, como continuar realizando funciones vía streaming. Ricardo Sica, en cambio, se trasladó a las salas, abrió los espacios e iluminó el vacío. Así nació el Proyecto Intervención Lumínica, que analizaremos en el presente artículo.; The COVID19-pandemic caused the closing of the theatres and total paralysis of the theatrical activity. Artists tried then different strategies, such as doing virtual performances. However, Ricardo Sica went to the theatres, opened the spaces and lighted up the emptiness. Thus was born Light Intervention Project, which we will analyze in this article.

El péndulo en números: un análisis cuantitativo de los vaivenes de la política económica en Argentina entre 1955 y 2018; The pendulum in numbers: a quantitative analysis of the ups and downs of economic policy in Argentina between 1955 and 2018 Arza, Valeria; Brau, Wendy La política económica argentina oscila entre dos extremos. La literatura así lo muestra a partir de narrativas históricas o mediante indicadores de volatilidad macroeconómica. En este trabajo presentamos por primera vez un marco metodológico para construir un indicador de orientación de la política económica. Construimos y compartimos tres bases de datos de frecuencia mensual para 1955-2018 de medidas de políticas, sus orientaciones y sus cambios. Encontramos que cada dos años, en promedio, la política económica cambia de rumbo, aunque los ciclos de duración se hacen más largos luego de 1990. Hubo 16 cambios dramáticos de orientación “ortodoxa” a “hetorodoxa”; 9 de ellos sucedieron dentro de un mismo mandato. De los meses analizados, 50,3% fueron de orientación “ortodoxa”, 41,3% de orientación “heterodoxa” y 8,4% de orientaciones “mixtas”. No hay una relación uniforme entre orientación de la política económica y signo político. Los gobiernos de todos los signos introdujeron políticas económicas similares en diferentes momentos históricos. Realizamos ejercicios de asociación con variables de la economía real que confirman la robustez de nuestros indicadores y disparan la discusión para futuras líneas de indagación.; Argentine economic policy oscillates between two extremes. The literature has shown this both in historical narratives and through indicators of macroeconomic volatility. In this paper we present for the first time a methodological framework to construct an indicator of economic policy orientation. We build and share three monthly frequency databases of policy measures, their orientations and their changes for the period 1955-2018. We find that every two years, on average, economic policy changes its orientation, although the cycle length is longer after 1990. There were 16 dramatic changes from 'orthodox' to 'hetorodox' orientation; 9 of them within the same mandate. 50.3% of the months we analyzed were of 'orthodox' orientation, 41.3% of 'heterodox' orientation and 8.4% of 'mixed' orientation. There is no uniform relationship between economic policy orientation and political sign. Governments of all signs introduced similar economic policies at different times in history. We perform association exercises with real economy variables that confirm the robustness of our indicators and trigger the discussion for future lines of inquiry.

Configuraciones de masculinidades en la serie televisiva Hermanos y Detectives (Argentina, 2006); Configurations of masculinities in the television show Hermanos y Detectives (Argentina, 2006) Maltz, Hernán Joel; Guevara, Martina; Moneta, Leticia Nos interesamos por las confi guraciones de masculinidades en la serie televisiva Hermanos y Detectives (2006), con idea original de Patricio Vega y dirigida por Damián Szifron. En primer lugar, contextualizamos la presencia de la serie en la televisión argentina de fi nes del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI, en que el género policial se manifi esta de manera signifi cativa en una variedad de programas. En segundo lugar, analizamos la confi guración de las masculinidades en dos ámbitos distinguibles de Hermanos y Detectives: el laboral (con la centralidad de la institución policial) y el personal (con énfasis en la convivencia entre los protagonistas). En las conclusiones, destacamos que, si bien la serie contiene una indudable crítica a los modelos dominantes de masculinidad, asimismo reproduce dicha lógica.; We are interested in the configurations of masculinities in the TV show Hermanos y Detectives (2006), devised by Patricio Vega and directed by Damián Szifron. First, we provide a context for the shows presence on Argentine television at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st, in which crime fiction genre appears significantly in a variety of programmes. Secondly, we analyze the configuration of masculinities in two distinguishable areas of Hermanos y Detectives: work (with the police institution on the forefront) and private life (with an emphasis on the cohabitation of the protagonists). In the conclusions, we emphasize that, although the television show undoubtedly criticizes the dominant models of masculinity, it reproduces that logic at the same time.

Diversity of ground-dwelling ants across three severely threatened South American subtropical forests: are diversity patterns influenced by spatial or climatic variables? Calcaterra, Luis Alberto; Chifflet, Lucila; Cuezzo, Fabiana del Carmen; Sánchez Restrepo, Andrés Fernando Understanding the spatial distribution of species sheds light on the biogeographical history, offers clues to the drivers of biodiversity and helps guide conservation strategies. In southern South America, Andean, Chaco and Atlantic forests drastically decreased their coverage in the last decades mainly by changes in land use. Ants represent an excellent model for macro-ecological studies that support evidence-based management policies. Unfortunately, little is known about ant distribution, diversity patterns and drivers in the southernmost portion of these three biomes. We surveyed ground-dwelling ants using baits and leaf-litter sieves in 38 sites across these subtropical forests in Argentina. We analysed ant species richness, turnover and composition within and between forests, and whether spatial and climatic variables explain diversity patterns. We collected 161 species belonging to 38 genera. The Atlantic forest had the highest cumulative species richness (91 species), followed by the Chaco (60) and Andean (52) forests. Neither mean species richness nor beta diversity differed significantly between forests, though both indicators tended to increase from west to east. Seven spatial and climatic variables differentiated forests. Aridity index, and variables associated with seasonal rainfall, moderately influenced a tendency to increase species richness from west to east. We identified five shared species between the Andean and Atlantic forests, which are candidates to test biogeographic hypotheses. The high level of species replacement across and among forests resulted in unique assemblages (with at least 29 species that seem to be exclusive to one forest), indicating the importance of conserving the biodiversity of the three forests.