The use of propolis as a functional food ingredient: A review Irigoiti, Yanet; Navarro, Alba Sofia del Rosario; Yamul, Diego Karim; Libonatti, Claudia Carina; Tabera, Anahi; Basualdo, Marina Background: Propolis is a resinous product collected by bees from different plant species that contains numerous compounds with biological activity like antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, among others. These properties make propolis the ideal candidate to be used as a functional ingredient in foods, beyond its known use as an additive. Scope and approach: This article provides a review of the latest papers about the chemical composition (especially polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenes), antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties of propolis as a functional food ingredient. Besides, this article also reviews the newest technologies developed to incorporate propolis in food systems keeping its antioxidant properties and masking its off-flavour. Key findings and conclusions: Despite the differences in the chemical composition of propolis from all over the world, all of them show antioxidant and pharmacological activity making propolis an attractive natural product to be included in foods as a functional ingredient. Many researchers have proposed the use of encapsulation techniques like spray drying, which allows transforming the ethanolic propolis extract into an easily-handled alcohol-free powder appropriate to be incorporated in food systems. The inclusion of propolis in nanoparticles, biopolymers films and sucrose matrix is also promising. Based on the papers reviewed, further studies are needed relating the incorporation of propolis in foodstuffs, the dose at which its antioxidant or biological properties are effective and the sensory properties of the final product.

Shining bright in the dusk: How do bat-pollinated flowers reflect light? Domingos-Melo, Arthur; de Brito, Vinícius Lourenço Garcia; Sersic, Alicia Noemi; Cocucci, Andrea Aristides; Lunau, Klaus; Machado, Isabel Cristina Specialization in nectarivory is an uncommon condition among bats, and it is restricted to two subfamilies of neotropical phyllostomids (Glossophaginae and Lonchophyllinae) which encompass dozens of bats with striking morpho-physiological adaptations to exploit floral nectar (Muchhala and Tschapka 2020). Such bats commonly start the search for flowers before the sun goes down, when the flowers are freshly opened (Sazima and Sazima 1975). After spotting a resource, nectarivorous bats prefer to use spatial memory instead of floral clues to look for new flowers (Carter et al. 2010). Therefore, it may be essential that chiropterophilous (i.e. bat-pollinated) flowers are attractive to bats during the early part of their searching routine when they build in their minds a trace of their foraging bouts. It is known that bats find flowers by integrating acoustic and olfactory cues, which are very useful in dark conditions (Gonzalez-Terrazas et al. 2016). However, since there still is plenty of light striking flowers during twilight, the question emerges: Do these flowers reflect light that also draws the attention of bats by addressing their color vision abilities?

Modeling air pollution-related hospital admissions employing remote sensing and geographical information systems Tavera Busso, Iván; Rodriguez Nuñez, Martin; Amarillo, Ana Carolina; Mettan, Fabricio; Carreras, Hebe Alejandra Land-use regression models and remote sensing data have been widely employed to forecast atmospheric aerosol levels. Recently, these methodologies have been combined to predict the influence of this pollutant on human health. However, traditional land-use regression models do not often consider the complex interactions between predictors, and most of these do not include socioeconomic variables. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to estimate suspended particle-related hospital admissions by employing remote sensing, meteorological, environmental, and demographic parameters. In this cohort study, we analyzed 1,612,049 hospital admissions from Córdoba city, Argentina, from 2005 to 2011, and developed several regression and machine learning land-use models to compare their predictive powers. We found that childhood was the age group with the highest number of hospital admissions related with upper respiratory tract diseases. When predicting population-normalized hospital admissions, the machine learning models, in particular the generalized boosted machine, revealed a better performance than regression models, exhibiting the lowest root mean square error (0.4264) in the test data set. This model also achieved the best R2adj (0.6088) when plotting predicted vs. reported normalized cases. The most important predictors were the meteorological variables, followed by the aerosol optical depth and the planet boundary layer height. Some other predictors, such as educational level, land value, and unsatisfied basic needs, showed less relevance but enhanced the model's prediction power. Furthermore, the predictive power increased after a 1-day lag in hospital admissions (RMSE = 0.4121), highlighting the importance of meteorological and environmental variables in the onset of respiratory diseases.

Fighting antimicrobial resistant microorganisms: Current status and emerging strategies using nanomaterials Paraje, María Gabriela; Páez, Paulina Laura The high prevalence of pathogens resistant to antimicrobials poses a huge threat to the treatment of a wide range of serious infections. Emerging strategies using nanoparticles to treat these infections is promissory, thus, the current research emphasizes the development of promising new antimicrobial drugs in the near future. Nanotechnology offers the opportunity to exploit the biological properties of these materials by manipulating their size to dimensions on the nanometer scale. The importance of the eradication of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses resistant to multiples antimicrobials in the first moments of colonization justify the need to find new therapeutic alternatives associated with the eradication and control of infections. The main objective of antimicrobial treatment is to minimize the microbial inoculum, which implies the need to use biocidal drugs, which do not allow the selection of resistance mechanisms.

The few effective antimicrobials against resistant microorganisms emphasize the need for new approaches through the development of different therapeutic strategies. Due to their small size and large surface area, nanomaterials possess excellent electrical, optical, magnetic, structural, and chemical properties. Optimizing the interface between biomolecules and/or ligands with nanostructured materials is currently a promising path for research of new antimicrobial therapies. The fact that nanoparticles are similar in size to intra- and extra-cellular biological components allows them to specifically interact with molecular and sub-cellular processes and manipulate biological states, structures, and functions in a radically new way, making them extremely attractive for new biomedical applications. The combination of materials science and nanomedicine has given rise to a new alternative field that involves the functionalization of nanostructures with different biologically active materials. The potential microbiological impact of nanoparticles is not only determined by their physicochemical properties, but also by the interactions of these with the immediate surrounding biological environments.

Biofabrication of functional protein nanoparticles through simple His-tag engineering López Laguna, Hèctor; Sanchez, Julieta Maria; Carratalá, José Vicente; Rojas Peña, Mauricio; Sánchez García, Laura; Parladé, Eloi; Sánchez Chardi, Alejandro; Voltà Durán, Eric; Serna, Naroa; Cano Garrido, Olivia; Flores Mamani, Sandra Soledad; Ferrer Miralles, Neus; Nolan, María Verónica; de Marco, Ario; Roher, Nerea; Unzueta, Ugutz; Vazquez, Esther; Villaverde, Antonio We have developed a simple, robust and fully transversal approach for the a-la-carte fabrication of functional multimeric nanoparticles with potential biomedical applications, validated here by a set of diverse and unrelated polypeptides. The proposed concept is based on the controlled coordination between Zn2+ ions and His residues in His-tagged proteins. This approach results in the spontaneous and reproducible protein assembling as nanoscale oligomers that keep the original functionalities of the protein building blocks. The assembling of these materials is not linked to particular polypeptide features and it is based on an environment-friendly and sustainable approach. The resulting nanoparticles, with dimensions ranging between 10 and 15 nm, are regular in size, architecturally stable, fully functional, and serve as intermediates in a more complex assembling process resulting in the formation of microscale protein materials. Since most of the recombinant proteins produced by biochemical and biotechnological industries and intended for biomedical research are His-tagged, the green biofabrication procedure proposed here can be straightforward applied to a huge spectrum of protein species for their conversion into their respective nanostructured formats.

Changes in vegetation and human-environment interactions during the Holocene in the Lake Pueyrredón area (southern Patagonia) Marcos, Maria Alejandra; Bamonte, Florencia Paula; Echeverria, Marcos Emanuel; Sottile, Gonzalo David; Mancini, Maria Virginia This paper reconstructs the vegetation history of the Lake Pueyrredón area during the Holocene and contextualizes the use of space and resources by hunter-gatherer groups according to palaeoenvironmental evolution. The pollen analysis of the Los Flamencos lake sequence is presented and integrated with local archaeological pollen data. Early Holocene vegetation consisted of a dwarf-shrub-grass steppe associated with cold conditions. From 7,600 cal bp a shrub vegetation with forest patches is inferred, suggesting a high moisture availability and possibly involving an eastwards displacement of the forest-steppe ecotone boundary. Human occupation, previously interrupted by the Hudson volcano eruption, and use of space is evident in this period. Between 6,600 and 5,400 cal bp an environmental change to drier conditions suggests a heterogeneous shrub steppe and the higher availability of floristic resources possibly used by hunter-gatherer groups. The predominance of shrub steppe with dwarf shrubs from 5,400 cal bp indicates more arid than current conditions, which correlates with a higher human-environment interaction related to changes in the lake configuration allowing new north–south circulation roads and vice versa, and major floristic resources availability. A decrease in dwarf-shrubs indicates a slight increase in moisture availability since 3,550 cal bp, suggesting a weakening of the westerly winds. The results indicate local and regional changes in vegetation linked mainly to moisture availability and Southern Westerly Winds fluctuations. The integration of pollen, archaeological and palaeogeographic information available and its comparison with other fossil records studied in Patagonia complement palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and explain the changes in a regional palaeoenvironmental framework.

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations applied to Li-ion and post Li-ion batteries: A key link in the multi-scale chain Gavilán Arriazu, Edgardo Maximiliano; Mercer, Michael; Barraco Diaz, Daniel Eugenio; Hoster, Harry Ernst; Leiva, Ezequiel Pedro M. Since 1994, Kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) has been applied to the study of Li-ion batteries and has demonstrated to be a remarkable simulation tool to properly describe the physicochemical processes involved, on the atomistic scale and over long time scales. With the growth of computing power and the widespread use of lithium-based storage systems, more contributions from theoretical studies have been requested. This has led to a remarkable growth of theoretical publications on Li-ion batteries; kMC has been one of the preferred techniques to study these systems. Despite the advantages it presents, kMC has not yet been fully exploited in the field of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and its impact in this field is increasing exponentially. In this review, we summarize the most important applications of kMC to the study of LIBs and then comment on the state-of-the-art and prospects for the future of this technique, in the context of multi-scale modeling. We also briefly discuss the prospects for applying kMC to post lithium-ion chemistries such as lithium-sulfur and lithium-air.

Synthesis and interaction of terminal unsaturated chemical probes with Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP124A1 Díaz Storani, Luz; Clary, Anaelle A.; Moreno, Diego Martin; Ballari, María Sol; Porta, Exequiel Oscar Jesús; Bracca, Andrea Beatriz Juana; Johnston, Jonathan B.; Labadie, Guillermo Roberto A series of C15–C20 isoprenyl derivatives bearing terminal alkenyl and alkynyl groups were synthesized as possible substrates of the methyl-branched lipid ω-hydroxylase CYP124A1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The interactions of each compound with the enzyme active site were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy. We found that C10 and C15 analogs bind with similar affinity to the corresponding parent C10 and C15 substrates geraniol and farnesol, respectively. Three analogs (C10-ω-ene, C10-ω-yne, C15-ω-yne) interact with the proximal side of the heme iron by coordinating to the oxygen atom of the ferric heme, as judged by the appearance of typical Type-IA binding spectra. On the other hand, the C15-ω-ene analog interacts with the ferric heme by displacing the bound water that generates a typical Type I binding spectrum. We were unable to detect P450-mediated oxidation of these probes following extended incubations with CYP124A1 in our reconstituted assay system, whereas a control reaction containing farnesol was converted to ω-hydroxy farnesol under the same conditions. To understand the lack of detectable oxidation, we explored the possibility that the analogs were acting as mechanism-based inhibitors, but we were unable to detect time-dependent loss of enzymatic activity. In order to gain insight into the lack of detectable turnover or time-dependent inhibition, we examined the interaction of each compound with the CYP124A1 active site using molecular docking simulations. The docking studies revealed a binding mode where the terminal unsaturated functional groups were sequestered within the methyl-binding pocket, rather than positioned close to the heme iron for oxidation. These results aid in the design of specific inhibitors of Mtb-CYP124A1, an interesting enzyme that is implicated in the oxidation of methyl-branched lipids, including cholesterol, within a deadly human pathogen.

Multiple assessments to value wild animals in the analysis of human-wildlife relationships: A case study from the Argentine Dry Chaco Tamburini, Daniela Maria; Zamudio, Fernando; Caceres, Daniel Mario Different perceptions of wildlife are usually involved in decision-making processes on the use of environmental commons and in human choices; therefore, knowing how people value nature can enhance our understanding about human-wildlife relationships. We propose to broaden the concept of cultural value by considering the trade-offs between positive and negative nature?s contributions to people (NCP), including trade-offs influenced by near-past contexts. Field work was conducted with inhabitants of a rural community of the Dry Chaco of Argentina, aiming at knowing the importance of fauna in people´s lives. We conducted free listings and semi-structured interviews and calculated the cognitive salience
index and five cultural value indexes (differing in the number and types of NCP categories considered). Local inhabitants were found to assess wild species by considering the satisfaction of material needs, immaterial aspects, and/or the damages that certain species may cause. The ethnospecies most widely and frequently used with material purposes in the near past and at present, and those considered the most harmful showed the highest salience values. The cultural value index that integrates both positive and negative assessments was positively correlated with cognitive salience; this relationship supports the results, showing that cognitive salience not only is conditioned by positive assessments but also captures multiple fauna assessments, including the negative ones.

Application of Statecharts in Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter Simulation Cendoya, Marcelo Gustavo; Toccaceli, Graciela Mabel A very attractive and relatively simple option to simulate a DC-DC converter is to use a hybrid model. In this case, the need to use very small simulation steps (as those necessary to simulate models carried out at the physical level) is avoided. Furthermore, unlike the averaged state-space models, it has the advantage that the model is valid throughout the entire working range of the converter and for both conduction modes (continuous and discontinuous). By simulating several renewable energy conversion systems incorporating DC-DC converters, the authors have discovered the true potential of this modeling method. Despite its inherent advantages, this approach to DC-DC converters simulation is not as widely adopted as it should be. This work tries to encourage the reader of its use in certain typical situations. In this article the implementation of the hybrid model of the DC-DC Buck-Boost converter, using Statechart techniques, is performed. This model was written in the Stateflow language, a tool from the MATLAB®/Simulink environment, and allowed the creation of a building block formed by the described converter model with adequate interfaces to the SimPowerSystem and Simulink environments. The block is validated by comparing simulation results, realized under different operating conditions, with calculations done employing well-known and proven formulas. As an example of the use of the presented block, a buck-boost DC-DC converter with voltage and current control loops is simulated, corroborating its correct performance.

Intelecto y prudencia: De la episteme a la política en la teoría de Christine de Pizan; Intellect and prudence: From episteme to politics in the theory of Christine de Pizan Rodriguez, Juliana Eva Christine de Pizan da vida a su gobernante ideal a partir de la tradición medieval del aristotelismo político y su noción de la "arquitectónica". Construido a modo de una arquitectura viviente de ciencias, el rey sabio aparece dominando la paleta de saberes, que va desde la episteme hasta los conocimientos más prácticos. Teoría y práctica se encuentran, así, en la base de su construcción de lo político. Pero ¿en qué medida la autora se consagra a brindar una explicación del pasaje de las ciencias, sobre todo, aquel que va de las especulativas al registro práctico de la ciencia política? Si el rey se distingue por ser un sabio al tiempo que un experto en las diversas ciencias (filosofía-teología, astrología, gramática, dialéctica, retórica, música, geometría, astronomía, aritmética y arquitectura), cabe preguntarse si acaso la autora teoriza sobre dicho pasaje de lo teórico a lo práctico que constituye la esencia de su pensamiento. ¿Cuál es el canal para volcar la episteme al servicio del Estado? Al respecto, sostengo la hipótesis de que tanto la prudencia como el entendimiento o intelecto parecen ser los dos componentes de la sabiduría perfecta que la escritora aúna en una perfecta díada; operación, esta, que le permite explicar el pasaje de todas las ciencias al plano de lo contingente. ¿Acaso no es, gracias a esta operación, que el rey sabio de Christine de Pizan aparece como el intelecto supremo de la comunidad política, encarnada en el reino de Francia? ¿No son las ciencias, de este modo, redituables en servicio del Estado?; Christine de Pizan gives life to her “ideal ruler” based on the political Aristotelianism and its notion of the “architectonic”. Built as a living architecture of sciences, the wise king appears dominating the range of different knowledges ranging from the episteme to the practical knowledge. Theory and practice are thus at the basis of her construction of the political matter. But to what extent does the author devote herself to providing an explanation of the transfer of science, especially the speculative science to the practical record of political science? In other words, whether the king is distinguished by being a sage at the same time as an expert in the various sciences (philosophy-theology, astrology, grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, music, geometry, astronomy, arithmetic, and architecture), it is necessary to ask whether the author theorizes about this transfer from the theoretical to the practical that constitutes the essence of her thought. What is the medium for translating the episteme into the service of the State? In this regard, I argue that both prudence and understanding (intellect) seem to be the two components of the perfect wisdom that the writer combines into a perfect dyad; operation, which allows her to explain the transfer from all sciences to the political arena. Isn’t it thanks to this operation that the wise king of Christine de Pizan appears as the supreme intellect of the political community, embodied in the kingdom of France? Are not the sciences thus profitable in the service of the State?

A New Species of Placida (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) from Southern South America Cetra, Nicolás; Gutierrez Gregoric, Diego Eduardo; Roche, María Andrea de Las Mercedes Heterobranch sea slugs exhibit a wide range of body shapes, sizes and color patterns. The genus Placida (Sacoglossa) includes cryptic species, and in 2019 four species were recovered through molecular studies. Specimens of Placida collected in the Argentinian Sea (San Matias Gulf, Patagonia) between 2016 and 2019 are shown to belong to an undescribed species using molecular and morphological evidence. Placida sudamericana n. sp. is described using external, radular, penial stylet and egg mass characters. The specimens were always found associated with the green algae Codium fragile. Placida sudamericana is the only Placida species in the South Atlantic waters of South America and was recorded in a molluscan biodiversity hotspot.

Metaforización y elaboración de una experiencia traumática a través de la DMT Manrique, Maria Soledad El trabajo parte de una serie de preguntas que surgen de una experiencia como danza movimiento terapeuta en un taller de tres meses de duración en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hace foco en el proceso de una de las participantes del taller y busca dar cuenta de él respondiendo a las preguntas surgidas. ¿Qué es lo que se trasforma en este proceso? ¿Cómo se transforma? y ¿Cuál es la función de la danza movimiento terapeuta y del vínculo entre ambas en el proceso? Desde un marco epistemológico que define los fenómenos como campos problemáticos complejos y situándonos en el enfoque clínico se realizó un análisis inductivo de los doce encuentros del taller enfocando en el caso seleccionado. La teoría psicoanalítica y estudios previos en Danza Movimiento Terapia (DMT) aportaron conceptos clave para elaborar hipótesis que dan cuenta del proceso. Permiten comprender cómo el pasaje de lo no verbal a lo verbal vía la metaforización que hablitan la danza y el arte plástico, contribuye con la elaboración de una experiencia traumática. Se describen algunas experiencias en DMT que parecen haber contribuido al proceso, entre ellas, un modo de intervención no descripto en la bibliografía que denominamos complementación.; The work is based on a series of questions that arise from an experience as a dance movement therapist in a threemonth workshop in Buenos Aires. It focuses on the process of one of the workshop participants and seeks to account for it by answering the questions: What is it that transforms in this process? How does it transform? And what is the role of dance movement therapist and the link between the participant and the dance movement therapist in the process? From an epistemological framework that defines the phenomena as complex problematic fields and from the clinical perspective, an inductive analysis of the eleven meetings of the workshop was carried out, focusing on the selected case. Psychoanalytic theory and previous studies in DMT contributed key concepts to elaborate hypotheses that account for the process. They allow us to understand how the passage from the non-verbal to the verbal via the metaphorization that dance and plastic art inhabit, contributes to the elaboration of a traumatic experience. Some experiences in DMT are described that seem to have contributed in the process, among them, a mode of intervention not described in the bibliography that we call complementation.

Sobre La intérprete Brignone, Germán Pablo La conformación de una poética -y una metapoética- que definan la obra de un autor a través del tiempo implica tener en cuenta los cambios ocurridos en los enfoques temáticos predominantes, según los momentos de su producción. En el caso de Mayorga, que en sus primeras obras mostraba un claro predominio de la memoria como eje vertebral de su dramaturgia, en sus textos más recientes, se puede observar un desplazamiento hacia las formas metateatrales, una clara intención de asumir la misión del teatro mediante diversas formas de auto-reflexión, de un permanente volver sobre símismo, para presentar una imagen del mundo que abra los ojos del espectador frente a lo que se le oculta. Ya sea a través de la reflexión directa sobre nuestra percepción de la realidad (Intensamente azules, 2018), como de la exposición satírica de las fábulas que construyen lo cotidiano (Famélica, 2016) o porl as referencias a la “mágica” posibilidad del teatro de cambiar nuestra forma de ver la “verdad de las cosas” (El mago, 2018), los guiños autorreferenciales se suceden con una recurrencia que los convierten tanto en el recurso como en el tema más utilizado por el autor.

Emotions for Virtual Learning Environments Aballay, Laura Nidia; Aciar, Silvana Vanesa; Collazo, Cesar Emotions are present and influence the learning process. One of the current challenges is how to get the emotions experienced by learners. Numerous mechanisms have been developed for this purpose. These mechanisms assess a number of basic emotions provided by the literature. A Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), on the other hand, is composed of several functionalities, in which not all emotions experienced by learners are always involved. This article presents a study conducted with experts in affective technologies and education, with the aim of obtaining the emotions that students may feel when using each of the functionalities of a VLE. The study counted with the participation of experts from several Latin American countries and concluded with a list of emotions associated with the functionalities of the VLE. The results obtained will allow the design of future mechanisms for the evaluation of emotions in VLEs, reducing the generic list used in the literature to only those emotions specific to each VLE component.

Microfluidic device based on electrodeposited Nanoporous Gold/Carbon Nanotubes for Plasmodium vivax detection Regiart, Daniel Matias Gaston; Gimenez, Alba Marina; Marques, Rodolfo F.; Soares, Irene S.; Bertotti, Mauro A portable microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for Plasmodium vivax antibodies determination was developed. A gold microelectrode placed inside the central channel of the microfluidic device was used as immobilization platform for a specific fragment (19-kDa) derived from the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1, known as PvMSP119. The gold microelectrode surface was modified by using a dynamic hydrogen bubble template (DHBT) method in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The synthesized nanocomposite presented exceptional properties, like high specific surface area, remarkable biocompatibility, and excellent electrochemical activity. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry. The antibodies (anti-PvMSP119) present in the sample bind to the PvMSP119 immobilized on the microelectrode surface, which is then labeled with an anti-IgG antibody marked with horseradish peroxidase (HRP-anti-IgG). Finally, the substrate solution (H2O2 + catechol) is added, and the enzymatic product (quinone) is reduced on the NPAu electrode at +0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The current obtained is directly proportional to the anti-PvMSP119 concentration in the sample. The detection limit of the microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor was 0.6 ng mL−1, much lower compared to the ELISA detection limit of 15 ng mL−1. This is the first microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor device suitable for point-of-care determination of anti-PvMSP119 in human serum samples.

Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe van Doesum, Niels J.; Murphy, Ryan O.; Gallucci, Marcello; Aharonov Majar, Efrat; Athenstaedt, Ursula; Au, Wing Tung; Bai, Liying; Böhm, Robert; Bovina, Inna; Buchan, Nancy R.; Chen, Xiao Ping; Dumont, Kitty B.; Engelmann, Jan B.; Eriksson, Kimmo; Euh, Hyun; Fiedler, Susann; Friesen, Justin; Gächter, Simon; García, Camilo; González, Roberto; Graf, Sylvie; Growiec, Katarzyna; Guimond, Serge; Hřebíčková, Martina; Immer Bernold, Elizabeth; Joireman, Jeff; Karagonlar, Gokhan; Kawakami, Kerry; Kiyonari, Toko; Kou, Yu; Kuhlman, D. Michael; Kyrtsis, Alexandros Andreas; Lay, Siugmin; Leonardelli, Geoffrey J.; Li, Norman P.; Li, Yang; Maciejovsky, Boris; Manesi, Zoi; Mashuri, Ali; Mok, Aurelia; Moser, Karin S.; Moták, Ladislav; Netedu, Adrian; Pammi, Chandrasekhar; Platow, Michael J.; Raczka Winkler, Karolina; Reinders Folmer, Christopher P.; Reyna, Cecilia; Romano, Angelo; Shalvi, Shaul; Simão, Cláudia; Stivers, Adam W.; Strimling, Pontus; Tsirbas, Yannis; Utz, Sonja; van der Meij, Leander; Waldzus, Sven; Wang, Yiwen; Weber, Bernd; Weisel, Ori; Wildschut, Tim; Winter, Fabian; Wu, Junhui; Yong, Jose C.; van Lange, Paul A.M. Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one's location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries' better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits.

El impuesto para la educación técnica durante la última dictadura cívico militar Argentina (1976-1983); The tax for technical education during the last Argentine civic-military dictatorship (1976-1983) D'ascanio, Gabriela Andrea En la historiografía de la educación argentina los análisis económicos constituyen un déficit. Este artículo pretende aportar a ese campo de conocimiento a través del estudio del derrotero del Impuesto para la educación técnica durante la última dictadura cívico militar. Se analizan las transformaciones del tributo, que formaba parte de los fondos presupuestados en el Consejo Nacional de Educación Técnica, y los límites que tuvieron las iniciativas de los funcionarios de educación frente a las disposiciones emanadas por el Ministerio de Economía. El análisis de fuentes documentales gubernamentales, legislativas y periodísticas permiten concluir que, las políticas que incidieron en el régimen de financiamiento de la educación técnica, fueron guiadas por intereses económicos y no pedagógicos, y que las contradicciones que existieron en las disposiciones implementadas sólo pueden comprenderse considerando la coyuntura de racionalización del aparato estatal.; In the historiography of Argentine education, economic analyses are a deficit. This article aims to contribute to that field of knowledge through the study of the course of the Tax for technical education during the last civic military dictatorship. In order to do this, we will examine the transformations of the tribute, which was part of the funds budgeted in the National Council of Technical Education (Consejo Nacional de Educación Técnica-CONET), as well as the limits imposed on the initiatives of education officials due to the policies issued by the Ministry of Economy. The interpretation of governmental, legislative and journalistic documentary sources leads to the conclusion that the policies which influenced the financing regime of technical education were guided by economic interests instead of pedagogical ones, and that the contradictions which existed in the implemented provisions can only be understood considering the context of rationalization of the state apparatus.

Particulate systems from maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) wastes to be used as nutraceutics or high value-added ingredients Sette, Paula Andrea; Garrido Makinistian, Francisco Manuel; Maturano, Ramona del Carmen; Salvatori, Daniela Marisol Powdered ingredients from maqui wastes were produced and the effect of drying method (air- and freeze-drying) and particle size on physicochemical and bioactive properties was investigated. Among the particulate systems of smaller particle size that showed the most balanced insoluble to soluble fiber ratio and the best hydration and oil absorption properties, the freeze-dried ones presented the best retention of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity. These powders could be used as ingredients in premixes for the development of foods for diabetes or gluten-free diets. The powders of higher granulometry presented excellent flowability and more dispersed particle size distribution, being more adequate for the development of composite foods or nutraceutics.

Copalic Acid: Occurrence, Chemistry, and Biological Activities Gonçalves Medeiros, Vanessa; Duran, Fernando Javier; Lang, Karen Luise (–)-Copalic acid is a naturally occurring labdane‐type diterpene acid usually isolated from oleoresins of Copaifera trees, being considered the biomarker for the genus. This compound has shown many remarkable biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, chemopreventive, antimutagenic, and antigenotoxic activities, which have attracted interest in its use as a prototype for the development of new drugs. This review was organized to describe the extraction, isolation, and analytical methods for quantification and structural elucidation, biological and pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies, and several semisynthetic derivatives of copalic acid. Some remaining gaps related to the reviewed activities are also mentioned, while the perspectives for future research with copalic acid are proposed.