Robert Cox, los neogramscianos y el regionalismo post-hegemónico en Sudamérica: una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre el proyecto regional de Brasil y la hegemonía (2003-2016); Robert Cox, neo-Gramscians and posthegemonic regionalism in South America: a critical review of the literature on the Brazilian regional project and hegemony (2003-2016) Clemente, Dario A los cuarenta años de la primera publicación de Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory, nos encontramos en un momento por demás oportuno para celebrar el legado de Robert Cox. Al mismo tiempo, recuperar sus aportes en torno a la conceptualización de la hegemonía permite analizar, en una perspectiva multiescalar, la emergencia de la dimensión regional como un componente fundamental de los órdenes mundiales en la etapa actual de la globalización. Así, en este artículo partimos de las formulaciones de Cox y de las innovaciones de varios autores “neogramscianos” para abordar el debate sobre la fase reciente de “regionalismo post-hegemónico” en Sudamérica, el despliegue del proyecto regional de Brasil y su posterior pérdida de gravitación. Argumentamos que una revisión crítica de la literatura a la luz de los postulados coxianos permite avanzar la hipótesis que el fracaso de Brasil para establecer una dominación legítima y consensuada en Sudamérica en la fase 2003-2016 haya redundado en un orden regional no consensual y no hegemónico donde la ausencia de una hegemonía específica se ha acompañado de la copresencia de varios proyectos ordenadores con aspiraciones hegemónicas.; t Fourty years after the first publication of “Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory”, this is an opportune moment to celebrate the legacy of Robert Cox. At the same time, recovering his contributions about the conceptualization of hegemony allows us to analyse in a “multiscale” perspective the emergence of the regional dimension as a fundamental component of world orders in the current stage of globalization. Thus, in this article we draw on Cox’s intuitions and on the innovations of several “neo-Gramscian” authors to address the debate on the recent phase of “post-hegemonic regionalism” in South America, the unfolding of the Brazilian regional project and its subsequent fading. We argue that a critical review of the literature in the light of Coxian postulates enables the hypothesis that the failure to establish a legitimate and consensual domination in South America by Brazil in the 2003-2016 phase has resulted in a non-consensual and non-hegemonic regional order where the absence of a specific hegemony has been accompanied by the conflicting coexistence of different projects for the region with hegemonic aspirations.

New South American record of the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary interval (La Colonia Formation, Patagonia, Argentina) Clyde, W. C.; Krause, Javier Marcelo; de Benedetti, Facundo; Ramezani, Jahandar; Cúneo, Néstor Rubén; Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra; Haber, P.; Whelan, C.; Smith, T. The La Colonia Formation is an Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene shallow marine sedimentary unit in Chubut Province (Patagonia), Argentina that preserves important vertebrate and plant fossils. Despite good exposures and significant paleontological investigation, the precise age of the La Colonia Formation and its stratigraphic relationship to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary are not well understood. The K-Pg boundary is associated with one of the largest mass extinctions in Earth's history yet there are few continental stratigraphic records of the boundary in South America, resulting in poor understanding of its effects there. This study combines magnetostratigraphy, detrital zircon uranium–lead (U–Pb) geochronology, and preliminary palynological results to constrain the age of the La Colonia Formation and its fossils more precisely and determine whether it preserves the K–Pg boundary. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the directly underlying Puntudo Chico Formation indicate that the base of the La Colonia Formation is younger than ~71.7 Ma. The studied palynological assemblage includes Quadraplanus brossus, which is restricted to the Maastrichtian in other southern hemisphere records. Paleomagnetic results show that the ~125 m Cerro Buitre Norte section of the La Colonia Formation and the overlying Cerro Bororó Formation has dominantly normal polarity except for a ~5 m zone of reversed polarity near the base that is interpreted to correlate to Chron C30R of the Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale (GPTS), and a ~13 m zone of reversed polarity near the top of the La Colonia Formation that is interpreted to correlate to Chron C29R. The presence of a magnetozone correlated to C29R in the La Colonia Formation suggests that it preserves the K–Pg boundary, making it an important target for continued paleontological collection to better understand the K–Pg extinction and recovery dynamics in South America.

Late Pleistocene subglacial fissure-related volcanism at Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex (37° 51° S, 71° 05’ W), South Volcanic Zone Sruoga, Patricia; Yamin, Marcela Gladys; Corvalán, Marina; Kaufman, Johanna; Elissondo, Manuela; Olivera Craig, Victoria; Badi, Gabriela Badi; García, Sebastian The Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC, 37° 51’ S-71° 05′ W) is located in the central segment of the South Volcanic Zone, ~30 km eastward from the main Andean volcanic arc. Within a complex tectonic setting, it has developed under the influence of the northern transtensional Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone, to the south and the Copahue-Antiñir Fault Zone to the northeast. The onset of volcanic activity within Caviahue volcano-tectonic depression has been dated at Ar/Ar 125 ± 9 ka and it is represented by lava flows and ignimbrites of Las Mellizas Formation. Copahue volcano has a very well documented historical eruptive record, encompassing 13 eruptive cycles in the last 260 years. On the contrary, volcano stratigraphy during Late Pleistocene and pre-historic times is poorly constrained, mainly due to the lack of reliable radiometric data. Based on the peculiar morphology and cooling-fracture systems, lavas that crop out along Dulce, Jara and NE Agrio river valleys have been included in a new stratigraphic unit, here named as Río Dulce Formation. A subglacial emplacement is proposed taking into account the evidence of ice-confinement, provided by the flat-topped and steep-sided lava domes/flows and dammed lava flows. In addition, melt water-magma interaction is supported by conspicuous fine columnar-jointing and closely spaced curved bands with plumose structures, well-developed pseudopillow fracture systems, platy and hackly fractures and cube-jointed entablature-bearing lava flows. The basaltic andesites (SiO2= 55–57%) are porphyritic, with ~30–40% of sieved plagioclase, two pyroxenes and olivine, set in a glassy groundmass. Lava vent distribution and primary anisotropy planes orientation, in coincidence with WNW-ESE and NE-SW trending faults, lineaments and fault scarps, document a first-order structural control on the volcanic emplacement. Although undated, this study can contribute to understanding the timing of glacial fluctuations during Late Pleistocene. Furthermore, it has implications on hazard assessment since it highlights that the evolution of the CCVC has experienced alternating fissure and central eruptive style, likely related to the dynamics of the magma-plumbing system, as suggested by geophysical evidence of unrest.

A biologically-inspired mesh optimizer based on pseudo-material remodeling Biocca, Nicolás; Blanco, Pablo Javier; Caballero, Daniel; Gimenez, Juan Manuel; Carr, Gustavo Eduardo; Urquiza, Santiago Adrian Moving boundaries and interfaces are commonly encountered in fluid flow simulations. For instance, fluid-structure interaction simulations require the formulation of the problem in moving domains, making the mesh distortion an issue of concern towards ensuring the accuracy of numerical model predictions. In this work, we propose a technique for the simultaneous mesh optimization and motion characterization. The mesh optimization/motion method introduced here is inspired by the mechanobiology of soft tissues, particularly those present in arterial walls, which feature an incredible capability to adapt to altered mechanical stimuli through adaptive mechanisms such as growth and remodeling. The proposed approach is in the framework of a low-distortion mesh moving method that is based on fiber-reinforced hyperelasticity and optimized zero-stress state. We adopt different reference configurations for the different constituents, namely ground substance and fibers. Hypothetical reference configurations are postulated for the different pieces of pseudo-material (the elements) as target shapes. Also, we modify the equilibrium equations using a volume-invariant strategy. Through the introduction of growth and remodeling adaptive processes we build an optimization algorithm which can attain an optimal configuration through a series of consecutive nonlinear optimizations steps. The remodeling mechanism allows to adapt the fiber deposition orientations, which become the driving force towards an homeostatic state, that is the optimal configuration. Also, a recruitment mechanism is introduced to selectively deal with initial highly distorted elements where high stresses develop due to the departure from the ideal configuration. We report 2D and 3D numerical experiments to show the application of this biologically-inspired mesh optimizer (BIMO) to simplicial finite element meshes. We also present additional numerical tests using BIMO as a mesh moving method. The results show that the proposed method performs satisfactorily, either as mesh optimizer and/or mesh motion strategy.

Crop residues used as food drive enzyme activation and enzymatic stoichiometry in casts of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) Domínguez, Anahí; Gabbarini, Luciano Andres; Rodriguez, Maria Pia; Escudero, Héctor Javier; Wall, Luis Gabriel; Bedano, José Camilo Earthworms are drivers of soil processes as soil structure formation and organic mattercycling. Through providing soil microbiota with mucus, temperature, and organicresources within their guts, earthworms enhance their activity and organic matterdecomposition. In agricultural fields, this phenomenon is linked to crop residues astrophic resources. However, very little is known about the effect of different croprotations on soil microbiota activation mediated by earthworm activity. We aimed toevaluate the effect of diversifying crop rotation on enzymatic activity in A. caliginosacasts and on enzymatic stoichiometry patterns related to C, N, and P acquisitionactivities. We conducted a microcosm essay using different crop residues as foodsupply: soybean (S), soybean and maize (SM), vetch, maize, and soybean (VMS), andwith no residue addition (NR). We measured α-glucosidase (AGLU), β-glucosidase(BGLU), cellobiohydrolase (CEL), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG),phosmonoesterase (PME), and acetylesterase (ACE) activity in A. caliginosa castsimmediately before starting the essay for evaluating the initial condition (IC) and afterthe essay in each residue treatment. SM and VMS residues enhanced BGLU, CEL,and NAG activity regarding S, NR, and IC treatments. S had similar or lower activitythan NR and IC for all the analyzed enzymes. There was a positive, strong, andsignificant relation among C, N, and P acquiring enzymes regardless of the treatment.We found lower ratios for C and N acquisition related to P acquisition than for C: Nacquisition activity ratios. This result suggests P as the limiting nutrient for earthwormmicrobiomes. Our results indicate that soybean residue is unsuitable for A. caliginosafood requirements and that both diversified crop residues enhance enzymatic activitymediated by earthworms and thus organic matter decomposition. We suggestdifferential activation and likely changes in microbiota composition as mechanismsresponsible for higher enzymatic activation when earthworms were fed withheterogeneous residues.

Digestive proteinases from marine fish processing wastes of Southwest Atlantic Ocean: their partial characterization and comparison Friedman, Ivana Soledad; Behrens, Leonel Agustín; Pereira, Nair de Los Angeles; Contreras, Edgardo Martin; Fernandez Gimenez, Analia Veronica Fish processing generates plenty of waste that is directly discarded on open-air dumpsand water sources, or treated in the same way as urban solid waste causing seriouspollution problems. The waste represents a significant source of high-value bioproductswith potential applications in different industrial processes such as the production of feed,fertilizers, biodiesel and biogas, detergent additives and cosmetics. The objective of thisstudy was to characterize and to compare specific activities under different pH values andtemperature conditions of acid and alkaline proteinases and viscera yield from thefollowing fish species: Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi, Brazilian flathead Percophisbrasiliensis, Brazilian codling Urophycis brasiliensis, and Stripped weakfish Cynoscionguatucupa. Individuals were fished off the coast of Mar del Plata (Argentina) by acommercial fleet and the viscera were immediately extracted and kept on ice until use.Stomach proteinases from four species had the highest activity at pH 2, with stability inthe range of pH 2-4. The optimum pH was 11.5 from intestinal enzymes of C. guatucupa,M. hubbsi and P. brasiliensis and 9.5 from intestinal enzymes of U. brasiliensis. Alkalineproteinases from all species were highly stable in the range of 7-11.5. The optimumtemperature of stomach proteinases from the four species studied were 30 °C and 50 °C,with stability at 10 °C and 30 °C during 150 min. The optimum temperature of intestinalenzymes from the tested species were 50 °C with high stability at 10 °C and 30 °C during150 min. Alkaline proteinase from all species and acid proteinases from C. guatucupawere inactive at 70 ºC after 150 min; while there was a residual activity lower than 5 %at 80 °C on pre-incubated stomach enzymes of M.hubbsi, P. brasiliensis and U.brasiliensis after 5, 10 and 20 minutes, respectively. Digestive proteinases recovered inthis study could be appropriate for technological usage, reducing manufacturing costs,obtaining revenue from fishery wastes, and contributing to the reduction of environmental pollution.

Evidencing microbial communication through Quorum Sensing systems in the environment: a practical approach for undergraduate students Torres, Mariela Analía; Lacosegliaz, Mariano José; Viola, Carolina Maria; Pajot, Hipolito Fernando; Nieto Peñalver, Carlos Gabriel In the environment, communication among microorganisms is a key aspect of their lives. Through communication, single cells of a microbial population can coordinate their gene expression and, in consequence, their physiology. Quorum sensing systems (QS) are one of these mechanisms that allow this communication through the production and detection of signal molecules whose concentration is related to the density of the signaling cells. In several Gram-negative bacteria, these QS signals belongs to the N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) family, which can be detected in the laboratory by means of simple bioassays. In this report, we present for undergraduate students a detailed protocol that allows to evidence QS activity in environmental samples. First, with a selective culture medium, Gram-negative bacteria are isolated from samples provided by the students. Then, isolates are screened with two biosensor strains for the detection of AHL production. Positive results are visualized by the induction of violacein production in the biosensors. These experiments evidence the presence of communicating microorganisms in the analyzed samples. This simple protocol allows the students to analyze a particular microbial activity in samples provided by them, which enhance their learning experiences.

A new mammalian assemblage for Guanaco Formation (northwestern Argentina), and the description of a new genus of New World porcupine Ercoli, Marcos Darío; Alvarez, Alicia; Verzi, Diego Hector; Villalba Ulberich, Juan Pablo; Quiñones, Sofía Inés; Constantini, Ornela Estefania; Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo The Guanaco Formation (Orán Group) is one of the Neogene units outcropping in the Subandean region of northwestern Argentina. The fossil assemblage from the middle section was studied in a few contributions. Here we present new remains for the middle section (~6.3 Ma) and the first records for the upper section (<5.7 Ma) of this unit, collected in the Río Chico locality of Jujuy Province. The remains from the middle section include very well-preserved cranium, cephalic armor, and part of the carapace of a small glyptodontid assigned to Cranithlastus xibiensis, representing the second specimen known for the species. The remains from upper section represent the youngest mammalian association known for the Guanaco Formation, and include fragmentary remains of five caviomorph rodent taxa, including Lagostomus sp., Caviinae indet., Caviodon sp., Octodontoidea indet., the latter three representing new taxa for the unit. The fifth taxon of the upper section corresponds to a new genus and species of porcupine (Erethizontidae), represented by a fragment of left maxilla with DP4-M1. This and other recent paleontological studies, together with sedimentological and geochronological data of Guanaco Formation, are contributing to the knowledge of the past diversity of the area, and the faunistic and environmental evolution of the Central Andes ecoregions in northwestern Argentina. The preliminary characterization of the youngest faunistic association reveals the presence of forest-dweller taxa with conservative occlusal and postcranial morphologies, concurs with the context of local and regional progressive break-up of basins, increasing of moisture supply, and development of powerful streams related to a stepper slopes landscape. The evidence supports forested foothill environments, including subtropical components, for the upper levels of the Guanaco Formation, giving clues regarding to the tempo and mode in which Chacoan-like communities were replaced by subtropical mountain rain forests communities of Yungas.

Construcción de una carta arqueológica de la localidad arqueológica Punta Medanosa (Patagonia argentina) mediante herramientas SIG; Construction of an archaeological map of Punta Medanosa archaeological locality (argentine Patagonia) using GIS tools Zubimendi, Miguel Angel En este trabajo se presenta una sistematización de datos georreferenciados obtenidos a lo largo de 30 años de estudios en la localidad arqueológica Punta Medanosa (Provincia de Santa Cruz, Patagonia Argentina). A partir del ordenamiento de la información generada en distintos momentos y con diferentes objetivos dentro de un mismo proyecto de investigación, se pretende dar cuenta de las características y la riqueza arqueológica de esta localidad, que se destaca dentro de la costa patagónica continental por su extensión y alta densidad de contextos arqueológicos, en especial concheros y diferentes modalidades de entierro a lo largo del Holoceno medio y tardío. Se empleó Sistemas de Información Geográfica y se presenta una carta arqueológica, como producto que puede ser empleado no sólo para el análisis académico, sino también para la gestión del patrimonio arqueológico, dado que presenta un creciente grado de alteración antrópica en los últimos años.; In this paper we present a systematization of georeferenced data obtained over 30 years of studies in the archaeological locality of Punta Medanosa, located on the north coast of Santa Cruz (Argentine Patagonia). This locality has a great quantity of shell middens and different burial modalities of middle and late Holocene. From the organization of information generated at different times and with different objectives within the same research project, it is intended to account for the characteristics and archaeological richness of Punta Medanosa, which stands out within the continental Patagonian coast for its extension and high density of archaeological sites. In this way, a database was created using Geographic Information Systems in which, the existing data were entered, considering the variability of archaeological and contemporary contexts, and a series of archaeological charts and thematic cartographies are presented. We hope that these products can be used for the analysis and management of the archaeological heritage of this locality, especially considering the high degree of anthropic alteration that is suffering.

Los estudios del metal (metal studies) en Argentina: un posible estado del arte; Estudos de metal na Argentina: um possível estado da arte; Metal Studies in Argentina: A Potential State of the Art Calvo, Manuela Belén; Pascuchelli, Maria Natalia; Vidal Vargas, Pablo El objetivo del artículo es realizar un balance de las producciones académicas en torno a la música metal en Argentina, las cuales ganaron visibilidad como campo de estudio a partir de 2013. En primer lugar, se realiza un recorrido histórico que describe el nacimiento de dicho campo en sus diferentes escalas geográficas, es decir, tanto a nivel global y latinoamericano como argentino. Luego, se propone una serie de fortalezas y debilidades vinculadas especialmente con la sistematización metodológica de las investigaciones. Frente a ello, se plantean algunos desafíos, tales como la necesidad de generar conocimientos situados que permitan mayor vigilancia crítica con respecto al objeto estudiado y la posibilidad de integrar saberes individuales y colectivos que provienen de las propias experiencias dentro de la escena metalera.; O artigo faz um balanço sobre as produções acadêmicas em torno da música metal na Argentina, que ganharam visibilidade como campo de estudo a partir de 2013. Em primeiro lugar é feita uma descrição cronológica do nascimento deste campo nas suas diferentes escalas geográficas: globalmente, na América Latina e na Argentina. Em segundo lugar, são propostos uma série de pontos fortes e fracos, especialmente ligados à sistematização metodológica das pesquisas. Perante o exposto, surgem alguns desafios como a necessidade de gerar conhecimentos situados que permitam maior vigilância crítica em relação ao objeto estudado e a possibilidade de integração de conhecimentos individuais e coletivos de suas próprias experiências dentro da cena do metal.; The article reviews the academic productions about metal music in Argentina, which have gained visibility as a study field since 2013. First, it chronologically describes the birth of this field in its different geographical stages, that is, both globally and in Latin America as well as in Argentina. Then, it proposes a series of strengths and weaknesses, especially linked to the methodological systematization of the research. Thus, some challenges are posed, such as the need to generate situated knowledge that allows greater critical vigilance regarding the object studied and the possibility of integrating individual and collective knowledge from the metal music scene’s own experiences.

Producción alternativa del hábitat en el barrio Movediza, Tandil: Nuevas estrategias de acceso al suelo urbano y a la vivienda; Alternative habitat production in the Movediza neighborhood, Tandil: New strategies for access to urban land and housing Migueltorena, Alejandro En la primera década del siglo XXI, en la ciudad de Tandil se registró un importante crecimiento de la industria de la construcción y de la actividad inmobiliaria, que derivó en una mayor diversificación de los proyectos urbanísticos destinados a los usos residenciales y recreativos. Este proceso estuvo acompañado por una consolidación de los inmuebles como bienes financieros, que promovió movimientos especulativos y generó mayores limitaciones para que la población trabajadora acceda a una vivienda digna. Si bien este es un fenómeno que no se limita sólo al ámbito local, determinadas características de Tandil incidieron para que el auge inmobiliario adquiriera una mayor intensidad que en otras ciudades de la región. En este contexto, surgieron nuevas estrategias de producción de suelo, vivienda e infraestructura urbana, que no eran usuales en la ciudad y que fueron desarrolladas por diferentes actores sociales excluidos del mercado inmobiliario formal, entre los que se incluyeron desde trabajadores asalariados hasta grupos sociales en situación de extrema vulnerabilidad. Estas experiencias se concentraron en algunos lugares específicos del ejido urbano, siendo el barrio Movediza uno de los más destacados. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar la diversificación de formas de producción del hábitat que se han desarrollado en este barrio de la ciudad de Tandil, en las últimas dos décadas, identificando las nuevas relaciones que se generaron entre la lógica mercantil, la lógica pública y la de las necesidades sociales. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a referentes de las organizaciones y a informantes clave. También se utilizaron datos brindados por la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social del Municipio.; In the first decade of the 21st century, in the city of Tandil there was a significant growth in the construction industry and real estate activity, which led to a greater diversification of urban projects for residential and recreational uses. This process was accompanied by a consolidation of real estate as financial assets, which promoted speculative movements and created greater limitations for the working population to access decent housing. Although this is a phenomenon that is not limited only to the local level, certain characteristics of Tandil influenced the real estate boom to acquire a greater intensity than in other cities in the region. In this context, new strategies for the production of land, housing and urban infrastructure emerged, which were not usual in the city and which were developed by different social actors excluded from the formal real estate market, including from salaried workers to social groups in extremely vulnerable situation. These experiences were concentrated in some specific places in the urban ejido, with the Movediza neighborhood being one of the most prominent. The objective of this work is to analyze the diversification of habitat production forms that have developed in this neighborhood of the city of Tandil, in the last two decades, identifying the new relationships that were generated between the commercial logic, the public logic and that of social needs. To do this, in-depth interviews were conducted with organizations' referents and key informants. Data provided by the Municipality's Department of Social Development were also used.

Si muero antes de despertar, de Carlos Hugo Christensen: maneras de ser hombre, entre la modalidad del policial y la del noir; Si muero antes de despertar, by Carlos Hugo Christensen: the ways of being a man, between modalities of police procedural and noir Debussy, Pablo Este trabajo analiza el film de Carlos Hugo Christensen Si muero antes de despertar (1952) a partir de la disputa de dos modalidades: la modalidad policial y la del noir. La primera de ellas se vincula con la ley, el orden y las instituciones (familia, escuela, iglesia), mientras que la segunda lo hace en relación con los deseos sexuales prohibidos y la criminalidad. De manera complementaria, se analiza la configuración de diversas masculinidades, que subyacen a dichas modalidades, así como también las zonas de la ciudad y su división geográfica y moral: de un lado, el barrio “cordial”, que incluye la casa paterna y la escuela; del otro, el baldío, el lugar del deseo sexual perverso.; This text analyzes the film Si muero antes de despertar (1952), by Carlos Hugo Christensen, from two different points of view: the modalities of police procedural movie and the film noir. The first of them is associated with law, order, and institutions (family, school, church), while the second is associated with forbidden sexual desires and criminality. Besides this, I study the configuration of different masculinities that lies below that opposite orders. I also study the areas of the city, not only from a geographical perspective but also from a moral one: on the one hand, the kind neighborhood that includes the family home and the school; and on the other hand, the vacant land, a place that hides the wicked sexual desire.

Expresiones locales de la sindemia COVID-19: estrategias de los trabajadores de salud en Argentina; Local expressions of COVID-19 syndemic: Health Care Workers’ Strategies in Argentina Remorini, Carolina; Teves, Laura Susana; Pasarin, Lorena; Castro, Mora del Pilar Las estrategias de los trabajadores de salud (TS) frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 expuso la necesidad de acciones precisas y datos confiables sobre sus múltiples dimensiones en los contextos locales. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un estudio de caso ubicado en la zona sur del Área Metropolitana de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) en donde se analizan la implementación de respuestas e impacto en el trabajo cotidiano en los servicios de salud. La metodología se encuadra en la etnografía aplicada. Se recolectó información cualitativa en dos efectores de salud pública de la ciudad de La Plata, la que fue contrastada y complementada con información epidemiológica. Los resultados aportan a la comprensión del manejo local frente a la sindemia, incluyendo las estrategias de preparación y reorganización de los servicios de salud y nuevos mecanismos de colaboración e introducción de innovaciones en la atención pública. Entre las principales conclusiones se destacan la necesidad de enmarcar el análisis de la COVID-19 en el concepto de sindemia, que considera las diversas dimensiones socio-sanitarias implicadas, e indaga sus efectos en poblaciones vulnerables, los que aún son escasamente conocidos. Asimismo, este estudio muestra cómo las experiencias y estrategias organizativas de TS suponen la articulación y adaptación creativa de las políticas públicas sanitarias a las posibilidades y limitaciones de los contextos de actuación local frente a la incertidumbre y el riesgo epidemiológico. Finalmente, la metodología cualitativa aporta datos de valor para comprender la dinámica de cambio durante la pandemia y su proyección hacia la post pandemia; The strategies of health workers (HCW) in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the need for precise actions and reliable data about its multiple dimensions in the local contexts. This article aims to present a case study located in the southern zone of the Metropolitan Area of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) where we analyze the implementation of responses to COVID-19 and its impact on the daily work in health care services. The methodology is framed in the Applied Ethnography. Qualitative information was collected in two public health providers located in La Plata city, which was further complemented with epidemiological information. The results contribute to the understanding of the management of the syndemic in this local context, including the strategies of preparation and reorganization of healthcare services as well as new mechanisms for collaboration and introduction of innovations in the public healthcare system. Among the main conclusions we highlight the need of analyzing the COVID-19 as a syndemics, considering the several socio-sanitary dimensions involved in, and investigating its effects on vulnerable populations, which are still poorly known. Likewise, the study reveals how the experiences and organizational strategies of HCW entails the articulation and adaptation of public health policies to the possibilities and constraints of local contexts, in a novel and creative way, facing the uncertainty and epidemiological risk. Finally, the qualitative methodology provides valuable data to understand the dynamics of change during the pandemic and its projection towards the post-pandemic scenarios.

“Estoy haciendo mi hobby y además me pagan”: Jóvenes, lecturas y trabajos Cuestas, Paula Este artículo describe y analiza un universo muy específico: aquellas/os jóvenes que crecieron siendo “grandes lectoras/es” y que hoy, a partir del uso de tecnologías digitales, tienen trabajos que se vinculan con las habilidades adquiridas durante esa trayectoria. Para ello se analizan entrevistas en profundidad biográficamente orientadas, así como notas de trabajo de campo etnográfico en escenarios a los que asisten estas personas como charlas en la Feria Internacional del Libro y actividades organizadas por el fandom de Harry Potter. Asimismo, se retoman publicaciones y contenidos compartidos en redes sociales por los actores en quienes se focaliza este trabajo. Estas trayectorias presentadas en conjunto permiten reflexionar sobre: 1) el carácter colectivo de estas experiencias lectoras (signadas por el uso de tecnologías digitales) y la posibilidad de generar comunidades; 2) la forma en que se accede a ciertos trabajos a partir de este primer punto, y 3) las habilidades y habilitaciones que permiten dicho acceso.; This article describes and analyzes a very specific universe: those young people who grew up as great readers and who today, through the use of digital technologies, have jobs that are linked to the skills they acquired during their careers. For this purpose, I analyzed biographical in-depth interviews, as well as fieldwork notes in booktubers´s talks, book fairs and activities organized by The Harry Potter fan club. Social media content from the actors on whom this paper focuses is also taken up. These trajectories presented together allow us to reflect on: 1) the collective nature of reading experiences (marked by the use of digital technologies) and the possibility of generating communities; 2) the way in which certain jobs accesed from that first point; and 3) the skills and qualifications that allow such acces.

Co-construction of territorial and sociodemographic data in a poor informal neighborhood with high socio-environmental vulnerability in the city of La Plata, Argentina; Co-construcción de datos territoriales y sociodemográficos en un barrio popular con elevada vulnerabilidad socioambiental en la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina Canevari, Tomás This paper presents the results of a census carried out in the largest of the 164 informal settlements currently in existence in the city of La Plata, capital of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The objective is to define territorial and sociodemographic data of this poor informal neighbourhood with high socio-environmental vulnerability, paying special interest to the macro variables related to housing, education and work, as well as perceptions about the neighbourhood and future prospects. Therefore, the aim is to generate co-con-structed scientific knowledge in tandem with the community, which in turn recovers knowledge and demands from the territory with a concrete potential for transformation. This work is part of a Participatory Scientific Agenda based on the interaction of the community, political, economic and scientific-technical actors.; El artículo presenta resultados de un censo realizado en el más grande de los 164 asentamientos informales que existen actualmente en la ciudad de La Plata, capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El objetivo es definir datos territoriales y socio- demográficos de este barrio popular con elevada vulnerabilidad socioambiental con especial interés en las macrovariables relacionadas a vivienda, educación y trabajo, así como percepciones en torno al barrio y deseos a futuro. Así, se apunta a generar conocimiento científico co-construido junto a la comunidad implicada, que recupera saberes y demandas del territorio con un potencial concreto de transformación. El trabajo es parte de una Agenda Científica Participativa basada en la interacción de actores comunitarios, políticos, económicos y científico-técnicos.

Residual velocities of small magellanic cloud star clusters Piatti, Andres Eduardo We analyzed the largest Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) cluster sample (32) with proper motions and radial velocity measurements, from which we obtained their space velocity components. By adopting as a reference the recent best-fitted rotating disc of SMC star clusters as a function of the position angle, we computed their residual velocity vectors, and compared their magnitudes (∆V ) with that of a cluster with residual velocity components equal to the velocity dispersions along the three inde- pendent SMC rotating disc axes of motion (∆V = 60 km/s). We found that clusters that belong to SMC tidally induced structures have ∆V > 50 km/s, which suggests that space velocities of clusters in the process of escaping the rotating disc kinematics, are measurably different. Studied clusters pertaining to a northern branch of the Mag- ellanic Bridge, the main Magellanic Bridge, the Counter-Bridge and the West halo give support to these findings. NGC 121, the oldest known SMC cluster, does not belong to any SMC tidal feature, and has ∆V = 64 km/s, slightly above the boundary between bound and kinematically perturbed clusters.

Editorial: Neuroendocrine-Immunological Interactions in Health and Disease Perez, Ana Rosa; Maya Monteiro, Clarissa M.; Carvalho, Vinicius Frias Historically, scientists have delimited the immune, endocrine, and neural systems to study physiology and disease (Figure 1). Although questions relating to whether there is a strict boundary between these systems do persist today, we do not believe in that. Biology does not seem to “respect” the established limits between these systems. Indeed, since Claude Bernard’s early studies in physiology, we know that the different organs and systems must communicate in an integrative way to maintain homeostasis. During recent decades, we have investigated these systems in an integrative way, since both the tools and the information to perform these studies are now available. In this Research Topic, we gathered diverse studies that increase our knowledge about the complex interactions among the immune, endocrine, and neural systems in both homeostasis and disease, and the potential therapeutic or disrupting agents of these circuits.

Comparative analysis of the physicochemical composition of pea cultivars; Análisis comparativo de la composición físico-química de cultivares de arveja Guindon, María Fernanda; Aguero, María Gabriela; Gatti, Ileana; Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis Peas are an inexpensive nutrient source. Basic information about variation in physicochemical composition is required to manage breeding programs and postharvest operations effectively. Different properties were measured in seeds from 16 promising pea genotypes to study variability between lines, degree of genetic parameters, and associations among different traits. Seed weight and diameter, pH, and titratable acidity showed the highest values for broad-sense heritability and the most negligible differences between the phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation, indicating that these traits' variability was predominately due to genotypic differences. Genotypes had a wide-range profile that could be related to morphological and physiological properties. Yellow varieties showed superior values for weight and sizes (27.84 g; 0.57 cm) and small changes in diameter after hydration (48.35 %), while wrinkled varieties showed inferior moisture content (9.54 %), higher hydration capacity (1,314.66 g H2O/kg seeds), and protein content (28.88 %). Cuarentina and B315 were the more resistant and firmer materials; B315 also had the highest water hydration capacity, which would be appropriate for canning. Polyacrylamide gels demonstrated differences in protein composition; Gypsi contained more legumin (47.27 %) than the other genotypes, which is more beneficial nutritionally, and contained less convicilin (7.06 %), making it suitable for the food industry. Using accelerated aging, we studied color changes due to storage and established that the Viper line was highly tolerant to it. We could identify lines that may be exploited by industry or quality breeding programs.; Las arvejas han sido reconocidas como una fuente económica de nutrientes; por lo tanto, se requiere información básica respecto de sus características físico-químicas para el efectivo desarrollo de operaciones de procesamiento y mejoramiento de las semillas. En el presente estudio, se midieron diferentes propiedades en 16 genotipos de arveja para estudiar la variabilidad entre líneas, los parámetros genéticos y las correlaciones entre caracteres. El diámetro y peso de la semilla, el pH y la acidez titulable mostraron valores altos de heredabilidad en sentido amplio y pequeñas diferencias entre los coeficientes de variación genético y fenotípico, lo que indica que la variabilidad para estos caracteres se debe a diferencias genéticas. Los granos amarillos mostraron valores superiores para peso y tamaño (27,84 g; 0,57 cm) y cambios menores en el diámetro luego de su hidratación (48,35 %), mientras que los granos rugosos mostraron menor contenido de humedad (9,54 %), mayor capacidad de hidratación (1.314,66 g H2O/kg semilla) y contenido proteico (28,88 %). Cuarentina y B315 fueron los materiales más firmes y resistentes; B315 además mostró alta capacidad de hidratación, lo que lo hace adecuado para la industria del enlatado. A través de geles de poliacrilamida se determinaron diferencias en la composición proteica; Gypsi contiene mayor cantidad de legumina (47,27 %), beneficioso desde un punto de vista nutricional, y contiene menos convicilina (7,06 %), beneficioso para la industria alimenticia. Mediante el envejecimiento acelerado, se estudiaron los cambios de color debido al almacenamiento y se estableció que la línea Viper experimentó menores cambios, por lo cual sería recomendable para largos períodos de almacenamiento. En este estudio se han podido identificar líneas que pueden explotarse en la industria o en programas de mejoramiento de la calidad de la arveja.

Metallic, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles toxic effects on freshwater microcrustaceans: An update and basis for the use of new test species Gutierrez, María Florencia; Ale, Analía; Andrade, Victoria Soledad; Bacchetta, Carla; Rossi, Andrea Silvana; Cazenave, Jimena In this article, we performed a literature review on the metallic, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles (NP) effects on freshwater microcrustaceans, specifically focusing on (i) the main factors influencing the NP toxicity and (ii) their main ecotoxicological effects. Also, given that most studies are currently developed on the standard test species Daphnia magna Straus, we analyzed (iii) the potential differences in the biological responses between D. magna and other freshwater microcrustacean, and (iv) the ecological implications of considering only D. magna as surrogate of other microcrustaceans. We found that NP effects on microcrustaceans depended on their intrinsic properties as well as the exposure conditions. Among the general responses to different NP, we identified body burial, feeding inhibition, biochemical effects, metabolic changes, and reproductive and behavioral alterations. The differences in the biological responses between D. magna and other freshwater microcrustacean rely on the morphology (size and shape), ecological traits (feeding mechanisms, life cycles), and intrinsic sensitivities. Thus, we strongly recommend the use of microcrustaceans species with different morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics in future ecotoxicity tests with NP to provide relevant information with regulation purposes regarding the discharge of NP into aquatic environments. Practitioner points: Nanoparticles effects depend on intrinsic and external factors. Nanoparticles affect the morphology, physiology, and behavior. Effects on Daphnia differ from other microcrustaceans. The use of more diverse test species is suggested.

Multibiomarker responses in danio rerio after exposure to sediment spiked with triclosan Sager, Emanuel Alejandro; Rossi, Andrea Silvana; Mac Loughlin, Tomas Mariano; Marino, Damian Jose Gabriel; de la Torre, Fernando Roman Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial and antimycotic agent widely used in personal care products. In aquatic environments, both TCS and its biomethylated more persistent form, methyl-triclosan (MeTCS), are usually detected in wastewater effluents and rivers, where are commonly adsorbed to suspended solids and sediments. The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical and physiological effects in Danio rerio after a short term (2 days) and prolonged (21 days) exposures to sediment spiked with TCS acting as the source of the pollutant in the assay. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-s transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation levels (LPO), total capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity (AChE) were measured in liver, gills, and brain. Most of TCS on the spiked sediment was biotransformed to MeTCS and promoted different adverse effects on D. rerio. Gills were the most sensitive organ after 2 day-exposure, showing lipid damage and increased SOD activity. After 21 days of exposure, liver was the most sensitive organ, showing lower ACAP, increased LPO levels, and SOD and CAT activities. This is the first study reporting the effects on biochemical markers in D. rerio from a MeTCS sink resulting from sediment spiked with TCS.