Entre apropiaciones, resistencias e intentos de conversión religiosa: niños y niñas indígenas ante propuestas escolares católicas en Argentina; Between appropriations, resistances and attempts of religious conversion: indigenous children facing Catholic schools projects in Argentina Garcia Palacios, Mariana Ines; Szulc, Andrea Paola Desde el comienzo de los procesos de conquista y colonización de los pueblos indígenas en Argentina, la Iglesia Católica desempeñó un rol crucial, destinando gran parte de sus esfuerzos evangelizadores hacia los niños y niñas de tales pueblos. Esto ha implicado en distintas regiones el desarrollo de una red de escuelas confesionales en las que, de diversas maneras, se ha procurado transmitirles conocimientos y significados religiosos. Nuestro propósito en este artículo es analizar comparativamente las propuestas contemporáneas de distintas congregaciones de la Iglesia Católica hacia los/as niños/as mapuche y tobas/qom, indagando, a la vez, los modos en los que los/as propios/as niños/as recepcionan dichas propuestas. Como tales procesos distan tanto de ser homogéneos como de ser lineales, concluiremos planteando una reflexión antropológica sobre los conceptos de apropiación y agencia infantil.; The Catholic Church has played a key role in the processes of conquest and colonization of indigenous peoples in Argentina. Its efforts were addressed to a great extent to indigenous children. This, in many regions, implied the development of an important net of religious schools where, in different ways, they have tried to transmit to these children catholic contents and meanings. In this paper we set out to analyze comparatively contemporary projects of different catholic congregations towards Mapuche and Toba/Qom children, exploring simultaneously how children themselves receive such proposals. Considering such processes are not homogenous nor lineal, we will conclude putting forward anthropological insights on children’s appropriation and agency concepts.

Tras las huellas de los humillados: una exploración cuantitativa sobre avergonzamiento en Argentina; Clues of the humiliated: a quantitative exploration of shaming in Argentina; Nas pegadas dos humilhados: uma exploração quantitativa da vergonha na Argentina Seid, Gonzalo Javier En este artículo se propone explorar algunas condiciones en las que tiene lugar la experiencia de haberse sentido avergonzado o humillado. Se analiza información de la Encuesta Nacional de Estructura Social llevada a cabo en el año 2015 por el Programa de Investigación sobre la Sociedad Argentina Contemporánea (pisac). Se trató de una muestra probabilística, estratificada y polietápica en la que se relevaron 8,265 hogares de localidades de más de 2,000 habitantes de todo el país. En uno de los bloques del cuestionario se incluyeron preguntas acerca de si en el último año alguien en el hogar había padecido distintas situaciones, entre ellas la de haber sido menospreciado, avergonzado o humillado. A lo largo de este escrito, se analizan las respuestas a esta pregunta del cuestionario en relación con otras variables. La exploración de las condiciones que hacen más probable la experiencia de la humillación permite identificar los perfiles de las subpoblaciones más expuestas y generar hipótesis mediante razonamientos abductivos.; This article aims to explore some conditions in which takes place the experience of feeling ashamed or humiliated. We analyzed information from the National Survey of Social Structure carried out in 2015 by the Research Program on Contemporary Argentine Society (pisac). It was a probabilistic, stratified and multi-stage sample in which were surveyed 8,265 households in towns with more than 2,000 inhabitants throughout the country. In one of the blocks of the questionnaire there were questions about whether in the last year someone in the household had suffered different situations, including having been belittled, embarrassed or humiliated. Throughout this writing, the responses to this questionnaire question are analyzed in relation to other variables. The exploration of the conditions that make the experience of humiliation more likely allows us to identify the profiles of the most exposed subpopulations and generate hypotheses through abductive reasoning.; Este artigo se propõe a explorar algumas condições em que ocorre a experiência de sentir-se envergonhado ou humilhado. São analisadas as informações da Pesquisa Nacional de Estrutura Social realizada em 2015 pelo Programa de Pesquisas sobre a Sociedade Argentina Contemporânea (pisac). Tratou-se de uma amostra probabilística, estratificada e em múltiplos estágios, em que foram pesquisados 8,265 domicílios em municípios com mais de 2,000 habitantes em todo o país. Em um dos blocos do questionário, foram incluídas questões sobre se no último ano alguém da família havia sofrido diversas situações, incluindo ter sido menosprezado, constrangido ou humilhado. Ao longo desta escrita, as respostas a esta questão do questionário são analisadas em relação a outras variáveis. A exploração das condições que tornam mais provável a vivência da humilhação permite identificar os perfis das subpopulações mais expostas e gerar hipóteses por meio do raciocínio abdutivo.

Screening and detection of chromosomal copy number alterations in the domestic horse using SNP-array genotyping data Pirosanto, Yamila; Laseca, Nora; Valera, M.; Molina, A.; Moreno Millán, Miguel; Bugno Poniewierska, M.; Ross, P.; Azor, P.; Demyda Peyrás, Sebastián Chromosomal abnormalities are a common cause of infertility in horses. However, they are difficult to detect using automated methods. Here, we propose a simple methodology based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array data that allows us to detect the main chromosomal abnormalities in horses in a single procedure. As proof of concept, we were able to detect chromosomal abnormalities in 33 out of 268 individuals, including monosomies, chimerisms, and male and female sex-reversions, by analyzing the raw signal intensity produced by an SNP array-based genotyping platform. We also demonstrated that the procedure is not affected by the SNP density of the array employed or by the inbreeding level of the individuals. Finally, the methodology proposed in this study could be performed in an open bioinformatic environment, thus permitting its integration as a flexible screening tool in diagnostic laboratories and genomic breeding programs.

Non-thermal plasmas affect plant growth and DNA methylation patterns in glycine max Pérez Pizá, María Cecilia; Ibañez, Verónica Noé; Varela, Anabella Mercedes; Cejas, E.; Ferreyra, M.; Chamorro Garcés, Juan Camilo; Zilli, Carla Giannina; Vallecorsa, Pablo Daniel; Fina, Brenda Lorena; Prevosto, Leandro; Marfil, Carlos Federico; Balestrasse, Karina Beatriz Non-thermal plasmas (NTP) are partially ionized gases that represent a promising technology for seed treatment to enhance seed health while promoting germination and vigor in a fast, cost-effective, and eco-friendly way. The seed treatment with NTP generates phenotypic variations in plants that could be related to changes in DNA methylation. This work analyses the effects of two different NTP: nitrogen for 3 min (PMN3) and oxygen for 2 min (PMO2) applied to soybean (Glycine max) seeds. Growth parameters of plants grown from treated and untreated seeds were evaluated at two growth stages: 6 and 20 days after sowing (DAS). MSAP (Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism) markers were assayed to evaluate epigenetic changes induced by NTP treatments. Plants obtained from PMN3 and PMO2-treated seeds were phenotypically similar to each other: exhibited a superior growth at both stages. At 6 DAS root and shoot length and fresh weight surpassed the Control, while at 20 DAS root length and fresh and dry weight were higher than Control. PMN3 and PMO2 induced DNA methylation changes with respect to the Control plants, with higher differentiation at 20 DAS than at 6 DAS. The epigenetic variability and the phenotypic variability correlated only at 20 DAS (R2 = 0.5). The observed phenotypic differences among Control and NTP-treated plants could not be explained by overall changes in the methylation levels, but both demethylation and methylation changes at specific loci appear to be operating in response to NTP treatments.

Genealogía eólica argentina (1990-2020); Genealogia eólica argentina (1990-2020) Clementi, Luciana Vanesa; Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia; Jacinto, Guillermina Paula En Argentina, el potencial eólico constituye un yacimiento inagotable de energía limpia. Desde los años 1990, los aerogeneradores de media y alta potencia se expanden en distintas regiones del país. El artículo busca construir la genealogía eólica argentina, entendiéndola como la evolución de los aerogeneradores o parques instalados en el territorio nacional, para conocer así el desarrollo del sector, desde sus comienzos hasta el presente. La investigación se apoya en el empleo de fuentes secundarias documentales y estadísticas en complemento con información primaria, a partir de observación en terreno y una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves. Tres generaciones eólicas parecen coexistir en el territorio, mostrando diferentes características, momentos y actores. Los aerogeneradores devienen los protagonistas en la transición energética, motor de sistemas eléctricos renovables.; Na Argentina, o potencial eólico é um depósito inesgotável de energia limpa. Desde a década de 1990, as turbinas eólicas de média e alta potência têm vindo a expandir-se em diferentes regiões do país. O artigo procura construir a genealogia eólica argentina, entendendo-a como a evolução das turbinas eólicas ou parques instalados no território nacional, para conhecer o desenvolvimento do setor, desde os seus primórdios até ao presente. A investigação baseia-se na utilização de fontes documentais secundárias e estatísticas, para além de informação primária a partir da observação de campo e de uma série de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com informadores-chave. Três gerações eólicas parecem coexistir no território, mostrando diferentes características, momentos e atores. As turbinas eólicas tornam-se os protagonistas da transição energética, motor de sistemas elétricos renováveis.

Agroecologías pampeanas. Eco-lógicas instituyentes de producción local de alimentos; Pampean agroecologies. Instituting eco-logics of local food production Cravero, Romina Beatriz En este artículo exploramos la pregunta antropológica sobre el “cómo” se produce agroecología, que nos habilitará un desplazamiento desde la indagación por la agroecología, en singular y como un marco normativo, hacia las prácticas agroecológicas, en plural y ancladas en el hacer cotidiano de las personas. Pondremos en primer plano las experiencias de nuestros/as interlocutores para caracterizar las formas de crear y reproducir vida y trabajo rural en cuatro establecimientos de la región pampeana de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, intentando tanto marcar la variabilidad entre estos, así como extraer algunas premisas que constituyen a la lógica que organiza y estructura sus prácticas de producción. Identificamos que operan una agro-eco-lógica que pone en el centro las relaciones entre especies y entidades en la actividad primaria y permite poner en evidencia una co-producción de alimentos. Aquel entramado de relaciones es condición de posibilidad para que puedan resistir y existir, para crear formas de vivir y trabajar en los márgenes de la hegemonía del agronegocio. Finalmente, reflexionaremos sobre las relaciones que se establecen entre agroecología y agronegocio.; In this paper we explore the anthropological question about “how” agroecology is produced, which will enable us to move from the inquiry into agroecology, in the singular and as a normative framework, towards agroecological practices, in the plural and anchored in the daily activities of people. We will put in the foreground the experiences of our interlocutors to characterize the ways of create and reproduce rural life and work in four establishments in the Pampas region of the province of Córdoba, Argentina, trying to mark the variability between them, as well as to extract some premises that constitute the logic that organizes and structures its production practices. It was identified that they operate an agro-eco-logic that puts the relations between species and entities in the primary activity at the center and allows to show a co-production of food. That network of relationships is a condition of possibility so that they can resist and exist, to create ways of living and working on the margins of agribusiness hegemony. Finally, we will reflect on the relationships that are established between agroecology and agribusiness.

Effects of intensive human management on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ground beetles in a planted forest landscape Nanni, Analía Soledad; Krug, Cecilia Pamela; Cicchino, Armando Conrado; Quintana, Rubén D. The rapid expansion of planted forests harms native biodiversity. Few studies report the effects of replacing wetlands with planted forests on ground beetles. We analyze how the taxonomic and functional diversity of ground beetles are affected by intensive management of a planted forest landscape in the Lower Delta of the Parana River. We defined six habitat types (n = 3, N = 18): young and mature willow (YW, MW), young and mature poplar without cattle (YP, MP), young and mature silvopastoral poplar (YS, MS). Using pitfall traps (N = 1728), we recorded 35 species (1896 individuals). YW and MS reached the highest taxonomic diversity and richness. YW with more vertical heterogeneity showed higher species richness than MW. Hydrophilic species were more abundant in YW. Zoophagous species were more abundant in MS. YS, MS, and YW reached the highest functional evenness, which implies that a large part of the functional niches was used. Cattle dung and freshwater canals for livestock offer more resources for ground beetles. The planted tree species, stand age, and presence of cattle affects taxonomic and functional diversity of ground beetles. Willow and silvopastoral planted forests are the most suitable habitats for hosting wetland species. So, we recommend using willow species rather than poplar species when planted forests replace fluvial wetlands, increasing irrigation of poplar planted forests through ditches and canals, conserving or restoring different strata of understory to increase vertical heterogeneity, and maintaining the landscape heterogeneity. These management measures are essential to prevent the loss of wetland species and conserve ground beetle’s diversity.

Sexual selection towards a protamine expression ratio optimum in two rodent groups? Arévalo, Lena; Tourmente, Maximiliano; Varea Sánchez, María; Ortiz García, Daniel; Roldan, Eduardo R. S. Post-copulatory sexual selection is thought to influence the evolution of genes involved in reproduction. However, the detection of straightforward effects has been proven difficult due to the complexity and diversity of reproductive landscapes found in different taxa. Here, we compare the possible effect of relative testes mass as a sperm competition proxy on protamine genotype (protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio) and the link to sperm head phenotype in two rodent groups, mice, and voles. In mice, protamine expression ratios were found to increase from low values toward a 1:1 ratio in a positive association with testes mass, and relative sperm head area. In contrast, in voles, decreasing protamine expression ratios were found in species with larger testes but, surprisingly, they range from high values, again toward a 1:1 ratio, and showing a negative correlation with relative sperm head area. Altogether, we found differences in the way protamines seem to be selected and involved in adaptations of the sperm head in voles and mice. However, sexual selection driven by sperm competition seems to exhibit a common evolutionary pattern in both groups toward an equilibrium in the expression of the two protamines.

Culpa antigua y culpa moderna: el análisis kierkegaardiano de la tragedia en O lo uno o lo otro I; Ancient Guilt and Modern Guilt: Kierkegaard´s analysis of tragedy in Either/Or I Rodríguez, Pablo Uriel El presente artículo discute la obra pseudónima de Kierkegaard “El reflejo de lo trágico antiguo en lo trágico moderno”. El joven esteta A traza una distinción entre la “culpa antigua” y la “culpa moderna”. A utiliza esta distinción para formular una potente crítica a la ética moderna. No obstante, dicha polémica contra los conceptos éticos de la Modernidad no implican un retorno a la moralidad trágica antigua.; This paper discusses the Kierkegaard`s pseudonymous work “The Tragic in Ancient Drama Reflected in the Tragic in Modern Drama”. The young aesthete A draws a distinction between “ancient guilt” and “modern guilt”. A uses this distinction to formulate a powerful critique of modern ethics. However, such polemic against modern ethical concepts does not imply a return to ancient tragic morality.

Effects of a Kindergarten Phonological Awareness Intervention on Grade One Reading Achievement Among Spanish-Speaking Children from low-income families; Efectos de un programa de intervención en conciencia Fonológica en Jardín de Infantes sobre el nivel lector en primer grado en niños hispanohablantes de entornos vulnerables Porta, Maria Elsa; Dickinson, David; Ramirez, Gloria Existe escaso conocimiento sobre los efectos de programas de intervención en conciencia fonológica sobre la lecto-escritura en primer grado en niños de habla hispana de entornos vulnerables. Este estudio evalúa los efectos de un programa de intervención en Jardín de Infantes sobre el nivel de lecto-escritura adquirido en primer grado en niños hispanohablantes (N=178) de entornos de bajo nivel socioeconómico de Argentina. El programa de intervención de tres meses de duración que se impartió a comienzos del Jardín de Infantes consistió en 34 lecciones focalizadas en segmentación fonémica, categorización de sonidos, síntesis de sonidos y conocimiento del nombre y sonido de las letras. Se empleó un diseño cuasi-experimental de tipo pre-post con mediciones repetidas. Se obtuvieron mediciones de conciencia fonológica, lectura de palabras y escritura antes e inmediatamente posterior a la intervención, así como también una medición de comprensión lectora al final de primer grado. Los resultados mostraron que la intervención tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la conciencia fonológica, conocimiento del nombre y sonido de las letras, lectura de palabras, escritura y comprensión lectora. Los hallazgos sugieren que una intervención sistemática en conciencia fonológica impartida durante Jardín de Infantes a niños hispanohablantes presenta un impacto positivo sobre la lecto-escritura al final del primer grado.; There is little knowledge about the effects of kindergarten Spanish phonological awareness interventions on literacy outcomes of grade one children from vulnerable environments. To fill this gap, this study evaluates the effects of a kindergarten phonological awareness intervention on grade one literacy skills in Spanish speaking children (N = 178) from low-income neighborhoods in Argentina. The three-month program delivered at the beginning of kindergarten included 34 lessons focused on phoneme segmentation, categorization, and blending, and letter-sound knowledge. Using a pretest-posttest comparison-group design, measures of phonological awareness, word reading, and spelling were collected before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and one year later when children were finishing grade one. In addition, reading comprehension was examined at the end of grade one. Results reveal that the intervention had significant effects on phonological awareness, letter-sound knowledge, word reading, spelling, and reading comprehension. These findings suggest that a systematic, phonological awareness intervention program delivered during kindergarten to native speakers of Spanish has a positive impact on their grade one literacy outcomes.

Genetic features of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from clinical cases of Argentina and Chile González, Juliana; Cadona, Jimena Soledad; Zotta, Claudio Marcelo; Lavayén, Silvina; Vidal, Roberto; Padola, Nora Lía; Sanso, Andrea Mariel; Bustamante, Ana Victoria We aimed to compare the genetic diversity existing in VTEC O157:H7 strains isolated from cases of human disease from Argentina and Chile. For it, 76 strains were studied in relation to the distribution of genes encoding virulence factors and subtyped by lineage-specific polymorphisms (LSPA-6), and phylogroups assignment. Our results show the almost exclusive circulation of VTEC O157:H7 isolates belonging to lineage I/II, associated with hypervirulent strains, and to the phylogroup E and, on the other hand, genetic diversity present among Argentinean and Chilean strains analyzed, mainly in relation to putative virulence determinants and nle profiles.

Cambio tecnológico, empleo y Formación Profesional: el papel de los actores sectoriales en Argentina Alfredo, Miguel Angel; Granovsky, Pablo; Verchelli, Vanesa El siguiente articulo recoge una serie de reflexiones en torno al impacto del avance tecnológico sobre el empleo, en donde ello implica incluir en el análisis el vínculo intrínseco entre los cambios en los procesos de trabajo y la recalificación de los trabajadores. En este sentido, se parte del supuesto Del desafío que radica en identificar aquellas áreas o campos donde las tecnologías, más que reemplazar puestos de trabajo, se conecten con sistemas complejos de innovación asociados a la incorporación de materiales, herramientas e insumos más sofisticados y a la mejora de las calificaciones de los trabajadores. No obstante, en un contexto de incertidumbre respecto al futuro del trabajo, para evitar un desplazamiento de trabajadores, se deben promover políticas públicas acordes, que contemplen distintos escenarios, que estén diversificadas sectorialmente y mediadas por diferentes instituciones, planteando como horizonte la mejora de los procesos y condiciones. Con un abordaje cualitativo, se concluye que como sostienen los entrevistados, si las políticas públicas acompañan, la tendencia es a una convergencia estructural en cuanto a la mejora en la calidad en productos y procesos, así como en las condiciones de trabajo y la generación de nuevas calificaciones y saberes técnicos.; The following article collects a series of reflections on the impact of technological progress on employment, where this implies including in the analysis the intrinsic link between changes in work processes and the requalification of workers. In this sense, it is assumed that the challenge lies in identifying those areas or fields where technologies, rather than replacing jobs, are connected with complex innovation systems associated withthe incorporation of more sophisticated materials, tools andsupplies and the improvement of workers' qualifications. However, in a context of uncertainty regarding the future of work, in order to avoid displacement of workers, appropriate public policiesmust be promoted, which contemplate different scenarios, which are diversified by sectors and mediated by different institutions, with the horizon of improvement of processes and conditions. With a qualitative approach, it is concluded that, as the interviewees maintain, if public policies accompany, the trend is towards a structural convergence in terms of improving the quality of products and processes, as well as in working conditions and the generation of new qualifications and technical knowledge.; O artigo seguinte recolhe uma série de reflexões sobre o impacto do progresso tecnológico no emprego, onde isso implica incluir na análise a ligação intrínseca entre as mudanças nos processos de trabalho e a requalificação dos trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, asume-se que o desafio está em identificar aquelas áreas ou campos onde as tecnologias, ao invés de substituir empregos, estão conectadas a complexos sistemas de inovação associados à incorporação de materiais, ferramentas e insumos mais sofisticados e a melhoria da qualificação dos trabalhadores. Porém, em um contexto de incertezas quanto ao futuro do trabalho, para evitar o deslocamento de trabalhadores, devem ser promovidas políticas públicas adequadas, que contemplem diversos cenários, diversificados por setores e mediados por diferentes instituições, com o horizonte de melhoria de processos e condições. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, concluise que, como sustentam os entrevistados, se as políticas públicas o acompanharem, a tendência é para uma convergência estrutural em termos de melhoria da qualidade dos produtos e processos, bem como das condições de trabalho e geração de novas qualificações e conhecimentos técnicos.

El rol de los países participantes del Comité de Ayuda al Desarrollo (CAD): Perspectivas para un análisis en el marco de las transformaciones globales; The role of the participant countries of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC): Perspectives for an analysis within the framework of global transformations Abbondanzieri, Camila; Guzman, Maria Florencia La Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo, como instrumento clave de la cooperación internacional, ha sido fruto de modificaciones desde su institucionalización con el binomio OCDE-CAD en la década de los sesenta. Dichos cambios son parte de las consecuencias de las propias transformaciones del sistema internacional como, por ejemplo, las nuevas configuraciones de poder suscitadas por la proyección internacional de los países emergentes. Esto incentivó a que dicho binomio realice reformas institucionales, específicamente relacionadas a la membresía, a fin de adaptarse al nuevo paradigma de la cooperación internacional y continuar detentando un rol clave como un actor relevante en el área. A partir de estas consideraciones, el presente artículo de investigación pretende analizar las motivaciones que conducen al CAD y a los países participantes a vincularse en un organismo tradicional de la cooperación internacional, como la OCDE y su Comité de Cooperación Internacional. En efecto, se describe el funcionamiento institucional del CAD como organismo hegemónico, representante de los países del Norte en la cooperación internacional, y luego se procederá a explicar el rol de los países que se desempeñan como participantes.; La Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo, como instrumento clave de la cooperación internacional, ha sido fruto de modificaciones desde su institucionalización con el binomio OCDE-CAD en la década de los sesenta. Dichos cambios son parte de las consecuencias de las propias transformaciones del sistema internacional como, por ejemplo, las nuevas configuraciones de poder suscitadas por la proyección internacional de los países emergentes. Esto incentivó a que dicho binomio realice reformas institucionales, específicamente relacionadas a la membresía, a fin de adaptarse al nuevo paradigma de la cooperación internacional y continuar detentando un rol clave como un actor relevante en el área. A partir de estas consideraciones, el presente artículo de investigación pretende analizar las motivaciones que conducen al CAD y a los países participantes a vincularse en un organismo tradicional de la cooperación internacional, como la OCDE y su Comité de Cooperación Internacional. En efecto, se describe el funcionamiento institucional del CAD como organismo hegemónico, representante de los países del Norte en la cooperación internacional, y luego se procederá a explicar el rol de los países que se desempeñan como participantes.

Caracterización del estado del arte, uso y agregado de valor del recurso hongos comestibles en el sector gastronómico de la cordillera de Chubut Fernández, M. V.; Pildain, María Belén; Barroetaveña, Carolina Los hongos comestibles silvestres constituyen uno de los principales productos forestales no madereros disponibles en la región cordillerana patagónica, lo que los transforma en un recurso productivo atractivo para su aprovechamiento y agregado de valor en el sector gastronómico local, con cualidades para ser considerados como un producto con identidad patagónica. Estos productos pueden resultar de interés para los turistas que arriban a la región, abriendo las puertas al desarrollo del micoturismo y micogastronomía en temporada baja, cuando los hongos fructifican. Con el objetivo de identificar el uso actual que el sector gastronómico realiza de este recurso y la proyección para el desarrollo de nuevos mercados de consumo, se realizó una encuesta semiestructurada dirigida a los responsables del diseño de la carta de restaurantes y casas de comida de Esquel y Trevelin (Chubut). Se encontró que el producto fue incluido en la carta del 61% de los establecimientos y es valorado por su potencial para ser considerado un producto con identidad patagónica. El 60% de los cocineros buscó información acerca del insumo hongos comestibles. Entre los aspectos menos favorables, se detectó que no se aprovecha la diversidad de especies naturalmente disponibles en la región, aunque se conocen algunas de ellas. Los restaurantes presentaron una mayor oferta de hongos en sus cartas respecto a las casas de comida; las especies preferidas son el hongo de pino, el champiñón (cultivado), la morilla, el portobello (cultivado) y el champiñón silvestre. Las especies más utilizadas fueron aquellas que se pueden comprar y también recolectar en la región (hongo de pino y morilla principalmente), en relación con otros más difundidos en el ambiente culinario como el portobello y la gírgola, con excepción del champiñón de París. Los resultados aportaron información para el diseño de futuras actividades de investigación aplicada, de extensión y de políticas públicas que apunten a promover el uso, difusión y agregado de valor de los hongos silvestres comestibles de la Patagonia.; Wild edible mushrooms are one of the main non-wood forest products available in the Andean Patagonian region, being potential productive resources through their use and added value in the local gastronomic sector, with qualities to be considered as products with Patagonian identity. They could be of interest to tourists who arrive in the region, opening the door to the development of mycotourism and mycogastronomy in the low seasons, when fungi fructify. In order to identify the current use that the gastronomic sector makes of this resource and the projection develop new markets, a semi-structured survey was conducted to those responsible for designing restaurants and food houses menus in the cities of Esquel and Trevelin. It was found that the product was included in the menu of 61% of the establishments and was positively valued as a product with Patagonian identity. 60% of chefs had sought information about edible mushrooms. Among the less favorable aspects, it was detected that the diversity of wild mushroom species from the region is not being exploited, although some species are known. The restaurants presented a greater supply of mushrooms in their menus regarding food houses, with pine mushroom, champigñon (cultivated), morilla, portobello (cultivated) and wild champigñon being the preferred species. The most used species were those that can be bought and also collected in the region (mainly pine mushroom and morilla), in relation to others more widespread in the culinary environment such as portobello and girgola, with the exception of white Champignon. The results provided information for the design of future activities of applied research, extension and public policies aimed at promoting the use, dissemination and added value of wild edible mushrooms in Patagonia.

Evaluación de la tendencia de la precipitación en la región pampeana (Argentina) durante el período 1960-2018; Assessment of precipitation trends in pampas region (Argentina) during the period 1960-2018 Ferrelli, Federico; Brendel, Andrea; Piccolo, Maria Cintia; Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E. La Región Pampeana (Argentina) es una de las áreas más productivas del mundo, por ello, el conocimiento de su variabilidad pluviométrica a corto plazo es esencial para orientar políticas destinadas a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población y el ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las tendencias de los eventos pluviométricos diarios en la Región Pampeana (Argentina) durante el período 1960-2018. Para ello, se estudiaron series diarias de precipitación de 50 estaciones meteorológicas pertenecientes al Servicio Meteorológico Nacional de Argentina y al Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria de Argentina. Se aplicaron once índices pluviométricos y se calculó su tendencia con el test de Mann-Kendall. Posteriormente, la misma se cuantificó con el estimador de Sen. Los resultados indicaron que la Región Pampeana presenta un patrón espacial heterogéneo caracterizado por un aumento de las precipitaciones de 116 mm/período, una reducción de los días secos consecutivos y un aumento de las tormentas fuertes, muy fuertes y torrenciales. La información proporcionada es esencial para que los actores locales y tomadores de decisiones dado que sirve de base para el diseño de planes de adaptación a las condiciones a las que está expuesta el área de estudio.; Pampas Region (Argentina) is one of the most extensive and productive areas worldwide. Thus, the knowledge about its daily precipitation variability is crucial to guide policies aimed at improving the life-quality and the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze trends of daily rainfall events in Pampas during the period 1960-2018. To do so there were studied information of 50 climatic stations from the Servicio Metetorológico Nacional (Argentina) and Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina). There were calculated eleven daily events, and there were analyzed their tendency with a Mann-Kendall test. Moreover, the Sen estimator was applied to quantify the changes. Results evidenced the existence of a spatially heterogeneous pattern characterized by the increase of 116 mm /period, a decrease of consecutive dry days and an augmentation of heavy, very heavy and extremely heavy precipitations. These results are essential for stakeholder and decision-makers to design adaptations plans.

Bajo un manto sagrado: Poder, espacio público y organización comunitaria en torno a la fiesta de la Virgen de Copacabana en la ciudad de La Plata; Under a sacred mantle: Power, public space and community organization around the feast of the Virgin of Copacabana in the city of La Plata Romero, Guillermo; Giménez, José Ariel; Passarelli, Ana Milena; Rodrigo, Federico El artículo analiza diferentes modos de intervención y configuración del espacio público a partir de la celebración de la fiesta de la Virgen de Copacabana en un barrio de la ciudad de La Plata. A partir de una exploración de tipo etnográfica, se exploran las significaciones en pugna entre distintos actores que se debaten la potestad para definir sus sentidos legítimos. Al mostrar que dicha festividad opera como un dispositivo constitutivo de la organización socioespacial del barrio, las disputas aquí analizadas trascienden el marco temporal de la fiesta y adquieren mayor espesor simbólico.; The article analyzes different ways of intervention and configuration of the public sphere from the feast of the Virgin of Copacabana in a neighborhood in the city of La Plata. Based on an ethnographic exploration, we reconstruct the conflicting significances between different actors who discuss the power to define their legitimate meanings. By showing that this feast operates as a constitutive device of the socio-spatial organization of the neighborhood, the disputes analyzed here transcend the time frame of the feast and acquire greater symbolic thickness.

Gambeteando la reserva: conflictos ambientales y urbanización de humedales. El caso de la Laguna de Rocha (Buenos Aires, Argentina) Caruso, Sergio Adrian En las últimas décadas los humedales de Argentina se han caracterizado por ser espacios de marcada conflictividad ambiental, en particular sobre aquellos localizados en las inmediaciones del Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires. Estos sitios que tradicionalmente habían sido urbanizados por los grupos menos beneficiados, en tiempo de neoliberalismo comenzaron a ser valorizados e incorporados al ejido de la ciudad por nuevos actores sociales mejores posicionados en términos socioeconómicos y en el marco de las relaciones de poder. Desde finales de la década de 1990 en adelante, diversas organizaciones civiles, siguiendo los preceptos de la Convención Ramsar, vienen demandando la conservación de los remanentes humedales del aglomerado mediante parques y reservas. Por consiguiente, estas áreas se tornaron en espacios de disputa entre diversos actores sociales con intereses, lógicas y posicionamientos contrapuestos que derivaron en conflictos ambientales. La Laguna de Rocha es un referente empírico de lo hasta aquí señalado. Por tanto, este trabajo tiene por objetivo caracterizar el proceso de urbanización y de conservación de estas tierras inundables haciendo hincapié en el conflicto ambiental relativo a la cesión de terrenos de la Laguna de Rocha declarados por ley como reserva a favor de la Asociación Civil Racing Club.; In recent decades, Argentina’s wetlands have been characterized as areas of marked environmental conflict, particularly those located in the vicinity of the Greater Buenos Aires Agglomerate. These sites, which had traditionally been urbanized by the least favored groups, began to be valued and were incorporated into the city limits during the neoliberal era by new social actors who were better positioned in socioeconomic terms and in the framework of power relationships. From late 1990s, various civic organizations, following the provisions of the Ramsar Convention, have been demanding the conservation of the remaining wetlands through parks and reserves. As a result, these areas became spaces of dispute among different social actors with opposing interests, logics and positioning, which led to environmental conflicts. Laguna de Rocha is an empirical reference of what have been stated above. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to characterize the process of urbanization and conservation of these floodable lands, putting emphasis on the environmental conflict related to the transfer of Laguna de Rocha’s lands, which had been recognized as a nature reserve by law, to the Racing Club Civil Association.

Oculomotor Behaviors and Integrative Memory Functions in the Alzheimer’s Clinical Syndrome Fernández, Gerardo Abel; Parra, Mario A. Background: Biological information drawn from eye-tracking metrics is providing evidence regarding drivers of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. In particular, pupil size has proved useful to investigate cognitive performance during online activities. Objective: To investigate the oculomotor correlates of impaired performance of patients with mild Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome (ACS) on a recently developed memory paradigm, namely the Short-Term Memory Binding Test (STMBT). Methods: We assessed a sample of eighteen healthy controls (HC) and eighteen patients with a diagnosis of mild ACS with the STMBT while we recorded their oculomotor behaviors using pupillometry and eye-tracking. Results: As expected, a group (healthy controls versus ACS) by condition (Unbound Colours versus Bound Colours) interaction was found whereby behavioral group differences were paramount in the Bound Colours condition. Healthy controls' pupils dilated significantly more in the Bound Colours than in the Unbound Colours condition, a discrepancy not observed in ACS patients. Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed the abnormal pupil behaviors distinguished ACS patients from healthy controls with values of sensitivity and specify of 100%, thus outperforming both recognition scores and gaze duration. Conclusion: The biological correlates of Short-Term Memory Binding impairments appear to involve a network much wider than we have thought to date, which expands across cortical and subcortical structures. We discuss these findings focusing on their implications for our understanding of neurocognitive phenotypes in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease and potential development of cognitive biomarkers that can support ongoing initiatives to prevent dementia.

Curating the gnomAD database: Report of novel variants in the thyrogobulin gene using in silico bioinformatics algorithms Gomes Pio, Mauricio; Siffo, Sofía; Scheps, Karen; Molina, Maricel Fernanda; Adrover, Ezequiela; Abelleyro, Miguel Martin; Rivolta, Carina Marcela; Targovnik, Hector Manuel Thyroglobulin (TG) is a large glycosylated protein of 2767 amino acids, secreted by the thyrocytes into the follicular lumen. It plays an essential role in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis. TG gene variants lead to permanent congenital hypothyroidism. In the present work, we report a detailed population and bioinformatic prediction analyses of the TG variants indexed in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The results showed a clear predominance of nonsense variants in the European (Finnish), European (Non-Finnish) and Ashkenazi Jewish ethnic groups, whereas the splice site variants predominate in South Asian and African/African-American populations. In total, 282 novel TG variants were described (47 missense involving the wild-type cysteine residues, 177 missense located in the ChEL domain and 58 splice site variants) which were not reported in the literature and that would have deleterious effects in prediction programs. In the gnomAD population, the estimated prevalence of heterozygous carriers of the potentially damaging variants was 1:320. In conclusion, we provide an updated and curated reference source for the diagnosis of thyroid disease, mainly to congenital hypothyroidism due to TG deficiency. The identification and characterization of TG variants is undoubtedly a valuable approach to study the TG structure/function relations and an important tool for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Native anurans threatened by the alien tree Ligustrum lucidum in a seasonal subtropical forest Segura, E. M.; Giorgis, Melisa Adriana; Lescano, Julián Norberto Amphibians and anurans in particular are declining globally from diverse and complex causes, with one of the most prevalent being alien species invasion. Alien woody invaders, such as the evergreen Ligustrum lucidum, are deeply transforming native ecosystems worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of Ligustrum lucidum invasion on native anurans in a seasonal semiarid subtropical forest. Sampling was conducted in streams dominated by L. lucidum forest and streams dominated by native forest. Amphibian species richness and diversity, and community and species abundance were recorded. We characterized invaded and non-invaded streams by measuring biotic and abiotic variables. Invaded streams support only three of the seven species present in non-invaded streams. Species richness in non-invaded streams was twice as high as in invaded streams and community abundance was almost five times greater in the former than in the latter. Invasion by L. lucidum triggers profound changes in vegetation physiognomy and composition of this xerophytic seasonal forest, resulting in dark, unsuitable habitats for several native anurans. In agreement with the few studies focused on the effect of alien woody invaders on amphibians, this study supports that woody alien invasion results in a reduction of native anuran richness and the dominance of a generalist anuran species. This is the first report on the disruptive role of L. lucidum invasion in local anurans diversity and community dynamics.