Analysis of the Influence of Substrate Formulations on the Bioactive Chemical Profile of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) by Conventional and Chemometrics Methods Bidegain, Maximiliano Andrés; Postemsky, Pablo Daniel; Pieroni, Olga Inés; Cubitto, María Amelia Ganoderma lucidum, a mushroom with medicinal properties, can grow on diverse lignocellulosic substrates. Substrate enrichment with additives has been used as a strategy to increase mushroom productivity. In this study, we evaluated the impact of substrate formulation on the bioactive chemical profile of the basidiome. The bioactive chemical profile of basidiomes cultivated on rice agro-residues (RA) or sunflower seed hulls (SSH) enriched with olive oil and/or copper was evaluated using conventional colorimetric methods and FT-MIR spectrometry coupled with chemometrics. The contents of total triterpenoids, ganoderic acids, high-molecular-weight carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds were sensitive to substrate formulation and harvest time. Moreover, cluster analysis and principal component analysis of the mid-IR spectra were able to discriminate between basidiomes cultivated on either RA or SSH substrates, and for SSH substrates between enriched and nonenriched formulas. These results indicate that the bioactive composition of G. lucidum can be influenced by the formulation of the cultivation substrate.

Audiomagnetotelluric survey at the Bañitos-Gollete geothermal area, main andes cordillera of San Juan, Argentina Barcelona, Hernan; Peri, Verónica Gisel; Winocur, Diego Alejandro; Favetto, Alicia Beatriz The present research explores the Bañitos-Gollete geothermal field located in the Frontal Andes Cordillera over the Pampean flat-slab. We carried out an audiomagnetotelluric survey in order to define the underground geoelectrical structure and to understand the link between the geothermal fluid flow path and the main geological structures. 2-D audiomagnetotelluric models suggest that the deep-rooted N-S fault system controls the geothermal flow path. We propose a conductive heat-driven system, taking into consideration the geologic setting and the supposed low geothermal gradient of this tectonic environment. The mature Na-Cl waters from Gollete and an estimated reservoir temperature of ~140°C are consistent with this conceptual model. Further investigations are required to assess the geothermal potential of the study area, and the present work likely represents only the first but necessary step in the exploration process.

Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutrients in Relation to Inflammation and Particularly to Oral Mucosa Inflammation: A Literature Review Costantino, Evangelina; Actis, Adriana Beatriz Oral mucosa is site of inflammatory process development. When they are chronic, they provide a microenvironment based on cytokines and inflammatory mediators that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Certain dietary fatty acids (FAs) have immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and antiinflammatory effects. This review examined the literature on inflammation, mainly referred to the oral mucosa, and its association with dietary FAs and other nutrients. A Pubmed search of studies published in English until June 2018 was carried out. N-3 FAs have shown immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity in certain human diseases. These FAs and their mediators may inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer via multiple mechanisms. Studies on cellular models of murine and human intestinal mucosa indicate association between dietary n-3 FA intake and the inflammatory state of mucosa membranes. Nevertheless scarce information on the association between dietary FAs and oral inflammation could be found. Based on the evidence, we hypothesize that n-3 FAs reduce the oral mucosa inflammation thus decreasing the risk of developing precancerous lesions and cancer. Molecular and clinical studies referred to this topic should be carried out as a contribution to the oral cancer prevention.

O lugar da adivinhação nas reflexões de Cícero sobre a religião romana: 'divinatio' entre 'religio' e 'superstitio'; El lugar de la adivinación en las reflexiones de Cicerón sobre la religión romana: ‘divinatio’ entre ‘religio’ y ‘superstitio’ Cairo, María Emilia Como já se observou, nos textos de Cícero se registra pela primeira vez o emprego da palavra divinatio como termo que se refere ao conjunto de rituais adivinhatórios. Neste trabalho indagaremos qual é o emprego do mesmo e que valoração recebe em De natura deorum, em De fato, e em De divinatione. Desse modo, analisaremos em particular que lugar ocupa na oposição entre religio (entendida como o conjunto de práticas adequadas para levar adiante o cultus deorum) e superstitio (sua contraparte negativa, caracterizada por uma crença desmedida e irracional).; Como ya ha sido observado, en los textos de Cicerón se registra por primera vez el empleo de la palabra divinatio como término que se refiere al conjunto de rituales adivinatorios. En este trabajo indagaremos cuál es el empleo del término y qué valoración se le otorga en De natura deorum, en De fato y en De divinatione. En particular, analizaremos qué lugar ocupa en la oposición entre religio (entendida como el conjunto de prácticas adecuadas para llevar adelante el cultus deorum) y superstitio (su contraparte negativa, caracterizada por una creencia desmedida e irracional).

Distribución de la diatomea invasora Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) en cuerpos de agua patagónicos de Argentina; Distribution of the invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) in patagonian water bodies of Argentina Lamaro, Anabel Alejandra; Pisonero, Juliana; Uyua, Noelia Mariel; Sastre, Alicia Viviana; Santinelli, Norma Herminia; Muñìz Saavedra, Julieta; Sala, Silvia Estela Background and aims: Didymosphenia geminata is a freshwater diatom that forms dense soggy carpet-like layers lining the bottom of aquatic environments. In Argentina the Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación declared it exotic invader species. In the last 9 years it has colonized rivers from Patagonia and its distribution in the region has considerably widen. The aim of this paper is to analyze current distribution of this species invasion in Argentinean Patagonia through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). M & M: The analyzed data were obtained by our team in Neuquén and Chubut provinces and also from technical reports published by universities or governmental institutions in websites. A database at regional scale from Neuquén to Tierra del Fuego was built considering presence-absence data, geographic position and dates and in some cases environmental data (pH, conductivity, etc.) Results: The results were incorporated to a GIS using Q-Gis 2.14 an open source and free software that allowed us to generate distribution maps at national and provincial level. Conclusions: The available data show that D. geminata has widen its distribution since 2010 to present from Chubut province to the north reaching Neuquén province and to the south up to Tierra del Fuego province.; Didymosphenia geminata, es una diatomea que fue declarada “Especie Exótica Invasora” en Argentina por la Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación. Esta especie coloniza rocas y puede formar grandes matas mucilaginosas que cubren el lecho de los ríos, ocasionando un considerable impacto estético y provocando serias alteraciones en los ecosistemas. En los últimos 9 años la especie ha colonizado ríos andino-patagónicos y ha aumentado considerablemente su distribución en la región. El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar la distribución actual de esta especie en la Patagonia argentina mediante el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). M&M: Los datos provienen de resultados obtenidos por el grupo de trabajo en las provincias del Neuquén y del Chubut e información abierta y libre disponible en la web. Se generó una base de datos a escala regional abarcando desde Neuquén a Tierra del Fuego. Resultados: Los resultados fueron incorporados a un SIG utilizando un software libre y abierto Q-GIS 2.14 lo que permitió la generación de mapas de distribución a nivel provincial y nacional. Conclusiones: Los datos disponibles hasta marzo de 2018 muestran que D. geminata ha expandido su distribución entre 2010 y 2018 desde la provincia del Chubut hacia el norte alcanzando la provincia de Neuquén y hacia el sur llegando a Tierra del Fuego.

Representaciones e ideologías de ONG confesionales en el Chaco argentino; Faith-Based NGOs Ideologies and Representations in The Argentine Chaco Castelnuovo Biraben, Natalia Sabrina El trabajo explora las ideologías y las racionalidades que ONG confesionales delinearon en su relación con las poblaciones locales en la región del Chaco salteño. Analiza fuentes documentales y memorias actuales para reconstruir la primera iniciativa de desarrollo de los setenta y pensar cómo esta modeló y sirvió para legitimar posteriores posiciones y actuaciones por parte de las ONG. Se analizan las implicancias que ciertas ideas, representaciones e ideologías volcadas en documentos en los ochenta tuvieron en las racionalidades, lógicas y estrategias desplegadas a partir de entonces por las ONG en consonancia con ciertas agendas trasnacionales. Expongo el papel de las teorías antropológicas en la construcción de formas de representación, así como en las ideologías sobre los indígenas chaquenses y las consecuencias de esto en las formas que asumió la intervención realizada en nombre del “desarrollo”. Propongo echar luz sobre cómo, en su andar, las ONG locales tejieron y tejen áreas de dominio y sujetos de gobierno.; The work explores the ideologies and rationalities that denominational NGOs marked out in their relation with local populations in the Chaco Salteño region. I analyse documentary sources and present memories and later reconstruct the first development initiative in the 1970s to reflect upon how this particular project shaped subsequent positions and interventions on the part of NGOs. The text analyzes the implications of certain ideas, representations and ideologies expressed in documents by development agencies, developed in the late eighties, in the rationalities, logics and strategies deployed thereafter, by local NGOs in line with certain transnational agendas. I expose the rol that certain antropological theories have had and still have in the representational and ideological forms that got consolidated about indigenous from the Chaco area and the consequences this had in the ways intervention done in name of ‘development’. My pretension is to shed light on how in their walk local NGOs weave and knit areas of control and subjects of government.

Los moluscos fluviales en la subsistencia de los grupos cazadores-recolectores del humedal del Paraná inferior; The fluvial mollusks in the subsistence of the huntergatherers of the lower Paraná wetland Loponte, Daniel Marcelo; Parisi, Florencia Silvia; Liotta, Jorge; Wagner, Mario; Acosta, Alejandro Alberto En este trabajo se discute el rol de los moluscos fluviales en la subsistencia de los grupos cazadores-recolectores del tramo final de la cuenca del río Paraná, especialmente de Diplodon (Rhipidodonta) variabilis. Se analiza su disponibilidad ambiental, la distribución de tallas en un banco actual y las relaciones alométricas entre los pesos del tejido blando y del exoesqueleto. Paralelamente, se describe la posición de este bivalvo dentro del ranking de las presas locales, y su incorporación en el proceso regional de diversificación e intensificación de la subsistencia durante el Holoceno tardío. Luego, con los resultados obtenidos, se analizan los conjuntos arqueomalacológicos recuperados en los sitios Punta Canal (900 ± 80 años 14C AP), La Bellaca sitio 1 (1110 ± 70 años 14C AP) y Cerro Lutz (730 ± 70 / 953 ± 47 años 14C AP), donde se discuten las actividades de recolección, la selectividad dimensional y el aporte neto de alimento. Finalmente, se analizan las señales isotópicas transferidas a los humanos relacionados con la ingesta de esta especie.; This paper discusses the role of fluvial mollusks in the subsistence of the hunter-gatherer groups of the Lower Parana basin, especially the bivalve Diplodon (Rhipidodonta) variabilis. Their environmental availability, the distribution of sizes in a colony and the allometric relationships between the weights of the soft tissue and the exoskeleton are analyzed. In parallel, the position of this bivalve in the ranking of local prey and their incorporation into the regional process of diversification and intensification of subsistence are analyzed. Based on the results obtained, the archeomalacological assemblages recovered at Punta Canal sites (900 ± 80 years 14C BP), La Bellaca site 1 (1110 ± 70 years 14C BP) and Cerro Lutz (730 ± 70/953 ± 47 14C BP years) are discussed. Finally, the isotopic signals transferred to humans related to the intake of this species are analyzed.

Host influence on the nutritional and reproductive status of Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) peridomiciliary populations Soria, Carola; Cardozo, Miriam; Canavoso, Lilian Etelvina; Crocco, Liliana Beatriz; Nattero, Julieta; Ortiz, Valeria; Leyria, Jimena; Rodriguez, Claudia Susana Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the southern cone of South America. This species is well adapted to living in rural houses and structures used for housing domestic animals (peridomestic habitats). In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the source of blood consumed by adults of T. infestans collected from different peridomestic habitats from two localities from Cruz del Eje department (Córdoba, Argentina) and their nutritional and reproductive status. In each individual, the ratio between body weight and total body length was used as an indicator of nutritional status (NS). The presence of sperm in spermathecae and the number of chorionated oocytes in ovaries and oviducts were considered indicators of reproductive status (RS) of females. The feeding source in the promesenteron of male and female insects was identified using anti-chicken, anti-goat, antihuman and anti-dog antisera. Chicken coops were the main peridomestic structure present in the study area as well as the peridomestic sites with the highest percentage of T. infestans. Insects collected from the different peridomestic structures showed a NS between 8 and 15 mg/mm. Of the evaluated females, 35.7% presented chorionated oocytes. Food profile analyses revealed that chicken was the main blood source. Independently of the blood source, the triatomines presented a NS between 8 and 15 mg/mm. No specimens feeding exclusively on human blood were found; nevertheless, of 31.48% of insects feeding on mixed blood sources, 59% included human blood. All T. infestans specimens that included human blood in the mixed blood source were collected from chicken coops and storerooms located in a 12-m area around domiciles. Human blood present in mixed blood meal of adult insects suggests that T. infestans moves from domiciles to peridomicilies and vice versa.; Triatoma infestans es el principal vector de la enfermedad de Chagas en el Cono Sur de Sudamérica. Esta especie está bien adaptada a vivir en el domicilio y estructuras utilizadas para albergar animales domésticos (hábitats peridomésticos). En este trabajo evaluamos la relación entre la fuente de sangre consumida por los adultos de T. infestans recolectados de diferentes hábitats peridomésticos de dos localidades del departamento de Cruz del Eje (Córdoba, Argentina) y su estado nutricional y reproductivo. En cada individuo, la relación entre el peso y la longitud corporal total se utilizó como un indicador del estado nutricional (EN). La presencia de espermatozoides en espermatecas y el número de ovocitos corionados en ovarios y oviductos se consideraron indicadores del estado reproductivo (ER) de las hembras. La fuente de alimentación en el promesenterón de insectos machos y hembras se identificó utilizando antisueros anti-gallina, anti-cabra, anti-humano y anti-perro. Los gallineros fueron las principales estructuras peridomésticas presentes en el área de estudio, así como los sitios con el mayor porcentaje de T. infestans. Los insectos recolectados en las diferentes estructuras peridomésticas mostraron un EN entre 8 y 15 mg / mm. De las hembras evaluadas, el 35,7% presentó ovocitos corionados. Los análisis del perfil alimentario revelaron que las gallinas fueron la principal fuente de sangre. Independiente de la fuente de sangre los triatominos presentaron EN entre 8 y 15 mg / mm. No se encontraron ejemplares alimentados exclusivamente con sangre humana; sin embargo, del 31,48% de los insectos que se alimentaron de fuentes de sangre mixtas, el 59% incluía sangre humana. Todas las muestras de T. infestans que incluían sangre humana en la fuente de sangre se recolectaron en gallineros y depósitos ubicados en un área de 12 m alrededor de los domicilios. La sangre humana presente en las fuentes de alimentación mixta sugiere que T. infestans se mueve de los domicilios a los peridomicilios y viceversa.

El termalismo: un recurso potencial de Bahía Blanca; The termalism: a potential resource gives Bahia Blanca Gambarota, Daniela Melisa; Lorda, María Amalia Las formas de producir, consumir, informar, gestionar y pensar se han modificado y estos cambios han influido en el turismo, el cual debe adaptarse a nuevas demandas. Bahía Blanca constituye un centro urbano intermedio, donde se desarrolla el turismo de Congresos y Convenciones y posee atractivos que son promocionados desde la comuna. Además tiene recursos potenciales que podrían ser incorporados a la oferta turística. Tal es el caso del recurso natural termal que, valorizado como atractivo turístico, podría dar lugar a que la ciudad se posicione como turística. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar el recurso potencial termal de Bahía Blanca. Metodológicamente se realizaron encuestas a pobladores y entrevistas a funcionarios, para conocer la mirada turística y la concepción sobre el recurso termal respectivamente. Se espera que existan condiciones favorables para desarrollar la actividad turística termal en la localidad.; The ways of producing, of consuming, of reporting, of managing and thinking have been modified and these changes have influenced the tourism, which must adapt to new demands. Bahía Blanca constitutes an urban intermediate center, where there develops tourism of Congresses and Conventions and possesses attractions that are promoted from the commune. In addition it has potential resources, which might be incorporated into the tourist offer. Such it is the case of the natural termal resource that, valued as tourist attraction, might give place to which the city is positioned like tourist. The aim of the present work consists of analyzing the potential termal resource of Bahía Blanca. Methodologically they were realized you poll settlers and interview civil servants, to know the tourist look and the conception on the termal resourcer espectively. It hopes that favorable conditions exit to develop the tourist termal activity in the locality.

Autonomía progresiva y derecho a la salud de adolescentes: Un cruce en disputa Herrera, Marisa Trata sobre el cruce entre derechos de infancia y adolescencia y legislación civil, gira en torno al ejercicio del derecho a la salud por parte de las personas menores de edad, en particular, de lxs adolescentes.

Air-sea disequilibrium enhances ocean carbon storage during glacial periods Khatiwala, S.; Schmittner, A.; Muglia, Juan The prevailing hypothesis for lower atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations during glacial periods is an increased efficiency of the ocean’s biological pump. However, tests of this and other hypotheses have been hampered by the difficulty to accurately quantify ocean carbon components. Here, we use an observationally constrained earth system model to precisely quantify these components and the role that different processes play in simulated glacial-interglacial CO2 variations. We find that air-sea disequilibrium greatly amplifies the effects of cooler temperatures and iron fertilization on glacial ocean carbon storage even as the efficiency of the soft-tissue biological pump decreases. These two processes, which have previously been regarded as minor, explain most of our simulated glacial CO2 drawdown, while ocean circulation and sea ice extent, hitherto considered dominant, emerge as relatively small contributors.

Pueblos y poblaciones en las fronteras americanas: Un acercamiento comparativo a partir de los casos de Chihuahua (México) y Buenos Aires (Argentina); Villages and settlements in the American frontiers: A comparative approach based on the cases of Chihuahua and Buenos Aires Barcos, Maria Fernanda El trabajo analiza la formación de pueblos durante el siglo xviii como parte de un proyecto colonizador común para las fronteras norte y sur americanas. México (Chihuahua) y Argentina (Buenos Aires) compartían algunos aspectos comunes que los hacen comparables: estaban desguarnecidos y sometidos a los embates indígenas y desprovistos de población estable y “laboriosa”. Así, en el último cuarto del siglo xviii la Corona española reorganizó los territorios de ultramar y los dotó de una defensa más efectiva a partir de un reordenamiento general. Se parte de la hipótesis que procesos aparentemente lejanos tuvieron más elementos comunes entre sí que con los centros coloniales con los que fueron tradicionalmente asociados.; The work analyzes the formation of villages during the 18th century as part of a common colonizing project for the North and South American borders. Mexico (Chihuahua) and Argentina (Buenos Aires) shared some common aspects that make them comparable: they were deprived and subjected to indigenous attacks, and devoid of stable population and “laborious”. Thus, in the last quarter of the 18th century the Spanish Crown project reorganize overseas territories and provide these areas with a more effective defense from a general rearrangement. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that apparently distant processes had more common elements among themselves than with the colonial centers with which they were traditionally associated.

Putative novel cps loci in a large global collection of pneumococci van Tonder, Andries; Gladstone, Rebecca A.; Lo, Stephanie W.; Nahm, Moon H.; du Plessis, Mignon; Cornick, Jennifer; Kwambana Adams, Brenda; Madhi, Shabir A.; Hawkins, Paulina A.; Benisty, Rachel; Dagan, Ron; Everett, Dean; Antonio, Martin; Klugman, Keith P.; von Gottberg, Anne; Breiman, Robert F.; McGee, Lesley; Bentley, Stephen D.; Faccone, Diego Francisco The pneumococcus produces a polysaccharide capsule, encoded by the cps locus, that provides protection against phagocytosis and determines serotype. Nearly 100 serotypes have been identified with new serotypes still being discovered, especially in previously understudied regions. Here we present an analysis of the cps loci of more than 18 000 genomes from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing (GPS) project with the aim of identifying novel cps loci with the potential to produce previously unrecognized capsule structures. Serotypes were assigned using whole genome sequence data and 66 of the approximately 100 known serotypes were included in the final dataset. Closer examination of each serotype’s sequences identified nine putative novel cps loci (9X, 11X, 16X, 18X1, 18X2, 18X3, 29X, 33X and 36X) found in ~2.6 % of the genomes. The large number and global distribution of GPS genomes provided an unprecedented opportunity to identify novel cps loci and consider their phylogenetic and geographical distribution. Nine putative novel cps loci were identified and examples of each will undergo subsequent structural and immunological analysis.

Functional Ca2+ Channels between Channel Clusters are Necessary for the Propagation of IP3R-Mediated Ca2+ Waves Piegari, Estefanía; Ponce Dawson, Silvina Martha The specificity and universality of intracellular Ca2+ signals rely on the variety of spatio-temporal patterns that the Ca2+ concentration can display. Ca2+ release into the cytosol through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP 3 Rs) is key for this variety. The opening probability of IP3Rs depends on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. All of the dynamics are then well described by an excitable system in which the signal propagation depends on the ability of the Ca2+ released through one IP3R to induce the opening of other IP3Rs. In most cell types, IP3Rs are organized in clusters, i.e., the cytosol is a "patchy" excitable system in which the signals can remain localized (i.e., involving the release through one or more IP3Rs in a cluster), or become global depending on the efficiency of the Ca2+ -mediated coupling between clusters. The spatial range over which the signals propagate determines the responses that the cell eventually produces. This points to the importance of understanding the mechanisms that make the propagation possible. Our previous qualitative comparison between experiments and numerical simulations seemed to indicate that Ca2+ release not only occurs within the close vicinity of the clearly identifiable release sites (IP3R clusters) but that there are also functional IP3Rs in between them. In this paper, we present a quantitative comparison between experiments and models that corroborate this preliminary conclusion. This result has implications on how the Ca2+-mediated coupling between clusters works and how it can eventually be disrupted by the different Ca2+ trapping mechanisms.

Paleobiology of Argyrolagus (Marsupialia, Argyrolagidae): an astonishing case of bipedalism among South American mammals Abello, María Alejandra; Candela, Adriana Magdalena Argyrolagus constitutes, both for its craniodental and postcranial anatomy, one of the most notably specialized South American Neogene metatherians. Differentiating it from any other South American mammal, bipedal jumping has been proposed for Argyrolagus, even though this hypothesis was not supported by morphofunctional studies. Here, we describe the postcranium of A. scaglai (from the Pliocene of Argentina), perform a functional analysis, and interpret it against a varied background of locomotor adaptations of extant mammals. The configuration of joints, the degree of development and location of muscular insertions were mainly analyzed, and functional indices were evaluated. This study indicates that Argyrolagus had stabilized glenohumeral and humeroulnar joints, a great development of the arm retractors, flexors-extensors of the digits, pronator, and supinator muscles, low restrictive humeroradial joint, powerful extensor muscles of the hip, knee, and ankle, good development of the iliac muscle, and restrictive hind limb joints. Joint configurations are interpreted to be optimal to resist the impacts during jumping, avoiding dislocation, compatible with digging activity. A compromise between the capacities to dig and manipulate objects is inferred. It is concluded that Argyrolagus had bipedal jumping locomotion as well as good capacity to dig, constituting an astonishing case of convergence with the small bipedal rodents and small Australian macropodids. We suggest that bipedal jumping in Miocene and Pliocene argyrolagids should not be necessarily related to a particular arid environment. Finally, we evaluate the importance of postcranial features to understand the phylogenetic relationships of Argyrolagidae in a comprehensive phylogeny of Metatheria.

NJL-type models in the presence of intense magnetic fields: The role of the regularization prescription Avancini, Sidney S.; Farias, Ricardo L. S.; Scoccola, Norberto Nerio; Tavares, William R. We study the regularization dependence of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (NJL) predictions for some properties of magnetized quark matter at zero temperature (and baryonic density) in the mean field approximation. The model parameter dependence for each regularization procedure is also analyzed in detail. We calculate the average and difference of the quark condensates using different regularization methods and compare with recent lattice results. In this context, the reliability of the different regularization procedures is discussed.

GUNDAM : A toolkit for fast spatial correlation functions in galaxy surveys Donoso, Emilio We describe the capabilities of a new software package to calculate two-point correlation functions (2PCFs) of large galaxy samples. The code can efficiently estimate 3D/projected/angular 2PCFs with a variety of statistical estimators and bootstrap errors, and is intended to provide a complete framework (including calculation, storage, manipulation, and plotting) to perform this type of spatial analysis with large redshift surveys. GUNDAM implements a very fast skip list/linked list algorithm that efficiently counts galaxy pairs and avoids the computation of unnecessary distances. It is several orders of magnitude faster than a naive pair counter, and matches or even surpass other advanced algorithms. The implementation is also embarrassingly parallel, making full use of multicore processors or large computational clusters when available. The software is designed to be flexible, user friendly and easily extensible, integrating optimized, well-tested packages already available in the astronomy community. Out of the box, it already provides advanced features such as custom weighting schemes, fibre collision corrections and 2D correlations. GUNDAM will ultimately provide an efficient toolkit to analyse the large-scale structure 'buried' in upcoming extremely large data sets generated by future surveys.

Species identity, richness and developmental stage of morphology affect enzymatic activiy of the soil microorganisms in arid Patagonia, Argentina Cardillo, Daniela Solange; Busso, Carlos Alberto; Ambrosino, Mariela Lis; Torres, Yanina Alejandra; Ithurrart, Leticia Soledad; Palomo, Iris Rosana Microbial communities are a key for terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, their responses to changes in plant species identity and richness, and stages of developmental morphology have been rarely investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the identity, richness and stage of developmental morphology of plant species on soil microbial communities throughout the enzymatic activity of the dehydrogenase. Studies were conducted under wild, field conditions, and on field experimental plots having different species richness. Treatments included a control (intraspecific monocultures) or combinations of 2, 4, or 6 species pertaining to different functional groups (i.e., perennial either grasses or herbaceous dicots or shrubs). The grass Nassella tenuis and the shrub Larrea divaricata showed a lower (p<0.05) activity of the dehydrogenase than most of the other studied species under wild, field conditions. The enzymatic activity of the dehydrogenase was either similar or greater (p<0.05; e.g., Amelichloa ambigua, L. divaricata), but not lower, as species richness increased in the reproductive stage of developmental morphology. Finally, the dehydrogenase activity was in general greater (p<0.05) at the reproductive (late spring) than vegetative (late fall) stage of developmental morphology in all studied species. These results indicate that species identity, richness and stage of developmental morphology might be important determinants of the degree of microbial activity in the soil.

High mutual cooperation rates in rats learning reciprocal altruism: The role of payoff matrix Delmas, Guillermo Ezequiel; Lew, Sergio Eduardo; Zanutto, Bonifacio Silvano Cooperation is one of the most studied paradigms for the understanding of social interactions. Reciprocal altruism -a special type of cooperation that is taught by means of the iterated prisoner dilemma game (iPD)- has been shown to emerge in different species with different success rates. When playing iPD against a reciprocal opponent, the larger theoretical long-term reward is delivered when both players cooperate mutually. In this work, we trained rats in iPD against an opponent playing a Tit for Tat strategy, using a payoff matrix with positive and negative reinforcements, that is food and timeout respectively. We showed for the first time, that experimental rats were able to learn reciprocal altruism with a high average cooperation rate, where the most probable state was mutual cooperation (85%). Although when subjects defected, the most probable behavior was to go back to mutual cooperation. When we modified the matrix by increasing temptation rewards (T) or by increasing cooperation rewards (R), the cooperation rate decreased. In conclusion, we observe that an iPD matrix with large positive reward improves less cooperation than one with small rewards, shown that satisfying the relationship among iPD reinforcement was not enough to achieve high mutual cooperation behavior. Therefore, using positive and negative reinforcements and an appropriate contrast between rewards, rats have cognitive capacity to learn reciprocal altruism. This finding allows to infer that the learning of reciprocal altruism has early appeared in evolution.

La optimización computacional de un vástago de prótesis de cadera como PDTS Campana, Diego Martin; Di Paolo, José; Michou, Pablo L.; Berli, Marcelo Eduardo; Ubal, Sebastian; Gentiletti, Gerardo Gabriel; Majorel Padilla, Nicolás; Menoret, José El proyecto FITR 009/2013 de FONARSEC-ANPCyT “Desarrollo y Prototipado de Bioimplantes Forjados” fue reconocido como proyecto PDTS por el MINCyT y se ejecuta entre la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos y la empresa Implantes FICO Alemana S.A., para el diseño de un vástago de prótesis de cadera con características innovadoras a ser producido íntegramente en el país mediante forjado. El proceso de análisis y diseño se basó en la utilización del método de elementos finitos para determinar las tensiones y deformaciones de nuevos diseños incluyendo el contacto con el cemento óseo y cargas fisiológicas del orden de 2 [kN], siguiendo los lineamientos de la norma ASTM F2996-1 y la utilización del software comercial con licencia denominado COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a. Los modelos se parametrizaron utilizando un CAD libre, se alteraron las dimensiones de regiones específicas y se reevaluaron en cada situación para la obtención de un prototipo final óptimo.; The PDTS project named “Development and Prototyping of Forged Bioimplants” is related to the FITR 009/2013 FONARSEC-ANPCyT grant and is executing between the Engineering School of the National University of Entre Ríos and FICO Alemana Implants SA. The aim of the project is the design of hip stem prosthesis with innovative features to be produced entirely in the country by forging process. The analysis and design process was based on the use of the finite element method to determine the stresses and displacements of the stem including contact forces with bone cement. Physiological loads of the order of 2 [kN] were imposed following the guidelines of the ASTM standard F2996-1. The commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a was used to solve the model. The models were parameterized using free CAD software and dimensions of specific regions were varied and calculated in each new situation until an optimal final prototype was obtained.