Multi-model study of mercury dispersion in the atmosphere: Atmospheric processes and model evaluation Travnikov, Oleg; Angot, Hélène; Artaxo, Paulo; Bencardino, Mariantonia; Bieser, Johannes; D'Amore, Francesco; Dastoor, Ashu; De Simone, Francesco; Dieguez, Maria del Carmen; Dommergue, Aurélien; Ebinghaus, Ralf; Feng, Xin Bin; Gencarelli, Christian N.; Hedgecock, Ian M.; Magand, Olivier; Martin, Lynwill; Matthias, Volker; Mashyanov, Nikolay; Pirrone, Nicola; Ramachandran, Ramesh; Read, Katie Alana; Ryjkov, Andrei; Selin, Noelle E.; Sena, Fabrizio; Song, Shaojie; Sprovieri, Francesca; Wip, Dennis; Wängberg, Ingvar; Yang, Xin Current understanding of mercury (Hg) behaviour in the atmosphere contains significant gaps. Some key characteristics of Hg processes including anthropogenic and geogenic emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and air-surface exchange are still poorly known. This study provides a complex analysis of processes governing Hg fate in the atmosphere involving both measurement5 data from ground-based sites and simulation results of chemical transport models. A variety of long-term measurements of gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) and reactive Hg (RM) concentration as well as Hg wet deposition flux has been compiled from different global and regional monitoring networks. Four contemporary global-scale transport models for Hg were applied both in their state-of-the-art configurations and for a number of numerical experiments aimed at evaluation of particular processes.

A new elasmosaurid specimen from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica: new evidence of a monophyletic group of Weddellian elasmosaurids O'gorman, Jose Patricio; Coria, Rodolfo Anibal A new fossil elasmosaurid specimen, MLP 15-I-7-48, from the upper Maastrichtian Sandwich Bluff Member of the López de Bertodano Formation, Vega Island, Archipelago James Ross, Antarctica, is described. The fossil is a well-preserved anterior limb, which shares with Vegasaurus molyi from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica, a concave to flat anterior margin of the humeral shaft, and with Vegasaurus molyi and Aphrosaurus furlongi from the upper Maastrichtian of California, a well-defined depression on the anterior margin of the ventral surface of the humeral shaft. A phylogenetic analysis recovered MLP 15-I-7–48 as sister group of the lower Maastrichtian Vegasaurus molyi within a new clade nominated as Weddellonectia: Kawanectes lafquenianum ((Vegasaurus molyi; MLP 15-I-7–48) (Morenosaurus stocki (Aristonectinae))). This indicates that the previously proposed faunal turnover between the early and late Maastrichtian Weddellian marine reptile fauna, did not severely affect the non-aristonectine elasmosaurids. Additionally, other taxa previously considered evidence of a faunal turnover are re-evaluated.

Inclusión y equidad: un análisis con base en el acceso y logros para el nivel medio de educación en Argentina; Equality and inclusion: an analysis based in access and achievements for mid-level education in Argentina; Inclusão e equidade: uma análise com base no acesso e conquistas para o nível médio de educação na Argentina Ibañez Martín, María María El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si las condiciones de origen de los alumnos son determinantes en el acceso y los logros educativos, evaluando si en los últimos años el sistema ha mejorado en su carácter inclusivo y equitativo. En el estudio empírico se utilizan modelos multinivel, logísticos ordenados y estimación de clusters. Los microdatos son provistos por las pruebas del programa PISA y la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares. Se concluye que tanto en los logros educativos como en la asistencia del nivel medio en argentina se reproducen las desigualdades socioeconómicas vigentes.; The objective of this article is analyzing if socio-economic conditions of students are determinant for educational access and achievements, evaluating if the system between 2010 -2014 has improved in inclusion and equality. The empirical study uses multilevel, ordered logistics and cluster estimation models. The micro-data are taken from PISA test program and the Permanent Household Survey. It is concluded that in both, assistance and educational achievements, socio-economic conditions of students in mid-level education are a strong determinant of the results and inequities produced within the system.; O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se as condições socioeconômicas dos alunos são determinantes no acesso e as conquistas educativas, avaliando se nos anos compreendidos entre 2000-2014 o sistema há melhorado em inclusão e equidade. No estudo empírico se utilizam modelos multi-níveis, logísticos ordenados e estimação de clusters. Os microdados são fornecidos pelas provas do programa PISA e a Enquete Permanente de Lares. Se conclui que tanto nas conquistas educativas como na assistência do nível médio na Argentina as condições socioeconômicas dos alunos são um forte determinante dos resultados e que as desigualdades se reproduzem no interior do sistema.

Tinnitus, medial olivocochlear system and music exposure in adolescents Hinalaf, María de Los Angeles; Maggi, Ana Luz; Hug, Mercedes Ximena; Kogan, Pablo; Perez Villalobo, Jorge Alejandro; Biassoni, Ester Cristina The most common cause of tinnitus is the exposure to noise; in the case of adolescents, music is the main sound source they are exposed to. Currently, one of the hypotheses about the genesis of tinnitus is related to the deterioration in the functioning of the medial olivocochlear system (MOCS). The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of tinnitus in adolescents with normal hearing and to relate it to: (a) the functioning of the MOCS, by the contralateral suppression of the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and (b) the musical general exposure (MGE). A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted. The sample was composed by adolescents with ages between 14 and 15. Two questionnaires were administered, one in relation to the subjective report of tinnitus and the other in relation to recreational activities to know the MGE. The results showed that the amplitude of frequencies (1000, 1500, 2000, and 3000 Hz) and global amplitude of TEOAEs, with and without acoustic contralateral stimulation, were higher in the group without tinnitus, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The suppressive effect was higher in the group without tinnitus; however, there was no statistically significant difference. Contrastingly, a significant association (P < 0.05) between exposure to music and tinnitus was observed; 72.41% of the adolescents with high exposure to music had tinnitus.Discussion and Conclusion:The results of the present investigation provide a contribution to the hypothesis of "the participation of the MOCS." Furthermore, a high MGE can be considered a risk factor for the onset of tinnitus.

Two new species of free-living marine nematodes of the family Oxystominidae Chitwood, 1935 (Enoplida) with a review of the genus Thalassoalaimus de Man, 1893 from the Argentine coast Martelli, Antonela; Lo Russo, Virginia; Villares, Maria Gabriela; Pastor, Catalina Teresa Two new free-living marine nematodes of the family Oxystominidae are described from San Antonio Bay (Río Negro) and San José Gulf (Chubut). Litinium australis sp. n., is characterized by having a rounded tail, by the first and second crown of cephalic setae with different lengths, gubernaculum with apophysis and by the presence of at least four precloacal papillae; Thalassoalaimus nestori sp. n., is characterized by having a conical tail, cephalic setae equal in length, guber-naculum with rounded and dorso-caudally directed apophysis and two precloacal papillae. An emended diagnosis of the genus Thalassoalaimus and a key to species are given.

Vegetación espontánea en el cinturón hortícola platense hospedante de Thripidae (Thysanoptera) vectores de Tospovirus Carrizo, Paola Irene; Amela Garcia, Maria Teresa El virus de la peste negra (TSWV) es un Bunyaviridae que causa diferentes síntomas a las plantas, incluso la muerte. En Argentina existen 4 especies de tisanópteros transmisoras: Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella gemina y Thrips tabaci. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer las plantas de la vegetación espontánea circundante a los invernaderos de pimiento que actúan como hospedantes verdaderas (de reproducción) de los trips vectores mediante identificación de adultos y de larvas. El estudio se llevó a cabo en tres sitios ubicados en el cinturón hortícola platense (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Durante los años 2000 a 2003 se realizaron relevamientos mensuales en las áreas de los establecimientos en donde no se lleva a cabo el control de las malezas, extrayendo flores de la vegetación espontánea. A través de 60 fechas de muestreo se recolectaron y procesaron 14.636 flores de la vegetación espontánea de las cuales se obtuvieron 54.050 individuos de Thysanoptera, 40.356 adultos (96,96% Thripidae y 3,04% Phlaeothripidae) y 13.694 larvas de primer y segundo estadio (94,1% Thripidae vs. 5,9% Aeolothripidae y Phlaeothripidae). Se registró la presencia de las cuatro especies de trips vectores en el área. La familia botánica no mostró relación con la presencia de trips vectores, ya sea como adulto o larva. De las 40 especies de la vegetación espontánea relevadas resultaron: 19 no hospedantes (NoH), 21 hospedantes de alimentación (HA), 18 hospedantes reproductivos (HR) tanto en sentido amplio (18 sp.) como en sentido estricto (11 sp.) para una, dos, tres o las cuatro especies.; The tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a Bunyaviridae that causes different symptoms to plants, even death. In Argentina, there are 4 thrips species reported as vectors of Tospovirus: Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella gemina and Thrips tabaci. The spontaneous vegetation growing within uncontrolled weedy areas near greenhouse peppers were identified as true reproductive hosts of thrips vectors,by means of adult and larval identification. Three sites were studied within the horticultural belt, a strip of 40 km around La Plata City (34°54’ lat. S, 57°55’ long. O), Argentina. During 2000-2003, monthly surveys were performed in the areas of the greenhouses were weed control does not take place, extracting flowers from the spontaneous vegetation. Through 60 sampling dates, 14,636 flowers of spontaneous vegetation were collected, and 54,050 Thysanoptera individuals were obtained, 40,356 were adults (96.96% Thripidae vs. 3.04% Phlaeothripidae) and 13,694 were larvae of 1st and 2nd stage (94.1% Thripidae and 5.9% Aeolothripidae and Phlaeothripidae). The four species seem to have very similar requirements, due the overlap respect to their feeding and breeding hosts. The botanical family was not related to the presence of thrips vectors, neither in adult or larval stage. Out of 40 surveyed weed species, 19 resulted non-host (NoH), 21 feeding host (HA), and the remnant 19, reproductive hosts (HR), (18 in wide sense and 11 in strict sense) for one, two, three or four species of thrips.

Autonomía personal y reflexión: un análisis de las ideas de Harry Frankfurt y Gerald Dworkin; Personal autonomy and reflection: an analysis of the ideas of Harry Frankfurt and Gerald Dworkin Iosa, Juan Francisco Argumento en contra de una concepción de autonomía personal centrada en la identificación entre diseños primarios y de segundo orden - aquí denominada concepción empírica de las metapreferencias - a favor de una concepción con la idea de reflexión - la concepción normativa de las metapreferencias. Ambas, aún, son posibles conferencias sobre la tesis sobre la autonomía personal de Harry Frankfurt y Gerald Dworkin. Por su vínculo con la concepción empírica, rechazo un liberalismo radical que implica la obligación del Estado de respetar cualquier proyecto de vida con el que el agente se identifique. En virtud de su conexión con la concepción normativa sugiero, a cambio, la viabilidad de un perfeccionismo liberal donde el valor de la autonomía personal justifica la intervención estatal en los planes de vida que sustenta.; I argue against a conception of personal autonomy focused on identification between desires of first and second order - here called empirical conception of second order preferences - and for a conception centered on the idea of reflection - the normative conception of second order preferences. Both, I assert, are possible readings of the theses about personal autonomy asserted by Harry Frankfurt and Gerald Dworkin. Because of its link with the empirical conception I reject here a radical liberalism involving the state's obligation to respect any self-regarding life plan preferred by the agent. By virtue of its connection to the normative conception I suggest, on the contrary, the feasibility of a liberal perfectionism such that the value of personal autonomy justifies state intervention in the life plans that jeopardize it.

Pre-exposition to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) enhance biofilm formation and hydrocarbon removal by native multi-species consortium Isaac, Paula; Alessandrello, Mauricio; Macedo, Alexandre José; Estévez, María Cristina; Ferrero, Marcela Alejandra In this work, a biofilm-mediated removal of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was proposed. PAHs are toxic and persistent contaminants from petroleum industry, dispersed on water, soils, air and sediments. The removal capabilities of C15 mixed culture of four indigenous strains of Pseudomonas and actinobacteria were successfully corroborated in a previous work. Results showed an interesting removal behavior of planktonic C15 consortium, with degradation capabilities notably enhanced when comparing with pure cultures. In the work reported in this paper, biofilm formation was evaluated in pure cultures and C15 defined consortium in order to propose a biofilm mediated immobilization strategy for bioremediation. Interestingly, a notable enhancement (approx. 180%) in biofilm formation was observed after mixing the four species of C15 compared with pure cultures. Phenanthrene and pyrene also stimulated biofilm arrangement and biofilm-immobilized microorganisms demonstrated a hydrocarbon removal significantly higher than planktonic cells. Maximal removal values were 100% for phenanthrene and 78% for pyrene, after 7 days incubation. The biodegradation assay was divided into two stages: biofilm formation and hydrocarbon removal. The importance of PAHs presence during biofilm formation was evaluated. Although no differences in biofilm structure were observed, bioemulsifier production was enhanced and removal was accelerated when phenanthrene and pyrene were added during biofilm formation stage. Even though more experiments must be conducted, considering the coexistence of Pseudomonas and actinobacteria groups during biodegradation and the improvement of removal performance, interspecies beneficial interactions could be suspected in this native multi-species biofilm.

Las empresas recuperadas en tiempos de revancha clasista Rebón, Julián

A new basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Salgado, Leonardo; Lindoso, Rafael Matos; Araújo Júnior, Hermínio Ismael de; Nogueira, Francisco Cézar Costa; Soares, José Agnelo Although dinosaurian ichnofaunas are common in the Northeastern Brazilian Interior Basins, osteological remains are poorly represented in these areas. One of the main challenges in vertebrate paleontology in the Lower Cretaceous of this region is to recognize body-fossils, which can unveil the anatomy, functional morphology and paleoecological aspects of the dinosaurian fauna recorded until now only by footprints and trackways. The discovery of a new dinosaur specimen in the Rio Piranhas Formation of the Triunfo Basin opens new perspectives into the comprehension of paleogeographical and temporal distribution of the titanosaur sauropods. Titanosaurs are common in Upper Cretaceous rocks of Brazil and Argentina. The age of the Rio Piranhas Formation is considered to range from Berriasian to early Hauterivian. Thus, the description of this new species opens new viewpoints concerning the paleobiogeographical aspects of these sauropod dinosaurs.

Las izquierdas argentinas y las primeras noticias bolcheviques Bustelo, Natalia Viviana Hace justo cien años tenía lugar en Rusia la insurrección popular que lograba expulsar a los zares del gobierno. Esa Revolución de Febrero, que lideró Kerensky junto a liberales y socialistas, pronto sería sucedida por la de Octubre. Con Lenin, Trotsky y los bolcheviques a la cabeza, la nueva insurrección disolvía el parlamento, firmaba la salida de Rusia de la Primera Guerra Mundial,proclamaba un gobierno marxista proletario y emprendía una activa política de conducción del movimiento obrero internacional. Ya afines de 1917 lo que parecía el ingreso retrasado de Rusia en el parlamentarismo liberal se convertía en el inicio de los estados comunistas. El siglo XX se encontraba en lo que Eric Hobsbwan llamó la Era de los Extremos, extremos tensados entre la experiencia comunista, la fascista y las sangrientas guerras mundiales. Derechase izquierdas coincidieron en que la conflictividad social argentina formaba parte de la ola del maximalismo. Y una parte de esas izquierdas buscaron promover y conducir nuevas insurrecciones a través de la difusión de las nuevas ideas y prácticas bolcheviques. Ante el centenario de la Revolución Rusa emprendimos un exhaustivo rastreo biblio-hemerógrafico que nos permite precisar las iniciativas argentinas que al calor de las noticias bolcheviques buscaron sumar participar de lo que vislumbraban como una ola mundial del maximalismo.

Imaginarios espaciales sobre el territorio de La Pampa Central a comienzos del siglo XX Comerci, Maria Eugenia Los imaginarios espaciales se construyen de informaciones registradas, en la sumatoria de imágenes y relatos saturados de sentidos, en distintas expresiones artísticas, así como en diversos datos contenidos en los paisajes y lugares. A fines del siglo XIX, distintas instituciones desempeñaron un papel clave en la construcción del Estado- nación argentino, asociadas con la “invención” del Territorio de la Pampa Central. Desde los relatos y discursos de viajeros, naturalistas, académicos, religiosos, educadores, militares y políticos, se conformaron paisajes vividos o deseados que cimentaron las bases de un imaginario sobre el espacio recorrido. En base a la fuente recuperada del Diario de viaje realizado por el gobernador Diego González, de 1905, buscamos recuperar las representaciones, imágenes y sentidos espaciales que aparecen en la narrativa del gobernador. Con un abordaje cualitativo y análisis de discurso, en el artículo se indaga cómo se objetivan formas de apropiación de determinados espacios a través del testimonio del gobernador, qué elementos destaca y cuáles oculta en su relato y cómo se construye, en la sumatoria de imágenes y significados, un imaginario espacial sobre el centroOeste del Territorio de la Pampa a comienzos del siglo XX. El cúmulo de imágenes espaciales y sentidos que aparecen en el relato expresan determinadas lecturas territoriales que cimientan las bases para la generación de un imaginario sobre el centro-Oeste pampeano pensado desde el Este territoriano que, a través del siglo, se reproducirá.; The imaginary space are constructed from data registered, in the sum of saturated images and stories of senses, in different artistic expressions, as well as in various data contained in the landscapes and places. At the end of the 19th century, different institutions played a key role in the construction of the Argentine nation-State, associated with the "invention" of the Territory of La Pampa. From the stories and speeches of travellers, naturalists, academics, religious leaders, educators, military and political, vivid landscapes were formed or unwanted programs that cemented the foundations of an imaginary space travel. On the basis of the source retrieved from the Journal of the governor's trip to Diego González, of 1905, we seek to recover the representations, images and spatial senses that appear in the narrative of the governor. With a qualitative approach and discourse analysis, the article explores how are forms of appropriation of certain spaces through the testimony of the governor, which stands out and which elements hidden in your story and how it is built, in the sum of images and meanings, an imaginary space on the center-west of the territory of the Pampa to the beginning of the 20th century. The accumulation of space images and senses that appear in the story express certain territorial readings that form the basis for the generation of an imaginary on the west-central pampeano thought from this territoriano that, through the century, will play.

Las contrapartidas incongruentes y el cuerpo propio en el idealismo trascendental de kant; Incongruent counterparts and one's own body in kant's transcendental idealism Oroño, Matías Hernán Se defiende la tesis de que la teoría kantiana del espacio, en el contexto del idealismo trascendental, constituye un marco adecuado para solucionar la paradoja de las contrapartidas incongruentes. Se incluyen dos hipótesis: a) la solución kantiana implica una referencia a la conciencia de la propia corporalidad, para comprender cómo poseemos la capacidad para orientarnos en el espacio; b) no existe contradicción en el uso kantiano de las contrapartidas incongruentes en diferentes estadios de su pensamiento. La solución kantiana de 1768 constituye una versión germinal del desarrollo que culminará en la teoría idealista trascendental acerca del espacio como una forma de nuestra sensibilidad.; The article argues that the Kantian theory of space, in the context of transcendental idealism, constitutes an adequate framework to resolve the paradox of incongruent counterparts. Two hypotheses are considered: a) the Kantian solution implies a reference to the awareness of one's corporeity in order to understand how we have the capacity to orient ourselves in space; b) there is no contradiction in the Kantian use of incongruent counterparts throughout the different stages of his thought. The Kantian solution of 1768 is a germinal version of the development leading up to the transcendental idealist theory of space as a form of our sensibility.

Inicios de las neurociencias en la Argentina: Redes de trabajo, ciencia y política; Beginnings of Neuroscience in Argentina: Working Networks, Science and Politics Rieznik, Marina Andrea Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia que intenta mostrar los vínculos profesionales y prácticas de algunos de los primeros investigadores que conformaron el campo de las neurociencias en el país. En particular se enfocará aquí el establecimiento en el país de un español discípulo de Ramón y Cajal llamado Pío Del Río Hortega. El análisis de fuentes permitirá además resolver interpretaciones divergentes sobre cuál fue la relación del investigador con los equipos locales en el período 1939‐ 1945. Se sostiene que para dilucidarlo se debe atender en particular a las redes de relaciones económicas, políticas, académicas, nacionales e internacionales que integraba Bernardo Houssay.; This work is part of a wider research, which aims to show the professional relations and practices of some the first researchers who were part of the neuroscience field in Argentina. We will specifically focus on a Spanish disciple of Ramon y Cajal called Pío Del Río Hortega, and his arrival and settling in the country. The analysis of sources will also allow us to solve the diversity of interpretations about what was the relationship between the researcher and the local teams during the period of 1939‐1945. We claim that, in order to elucidate this issue, it is imperative to take into particular consideration the net of economical, political, academic, national and international relations in which Bernardo Houssay was integrated.

La Cooperativa Copacabana y el barrio La Asunción: De la erradicación de la Villa 31 a la autoconstrucción de vivienda durante la última dictadura militar argentina (1976-1983) Daich Varela, Leandro El presente artículo se centra en la organización y trabajo de la cooperativa de autoconstrucción Copacabana, creada en la Villa 31, Buenos Aires, Argentina, durante la última dictadura militar argentina (1976-1983). Esta cooperativa fue la primera de un total de catorce que buscaron responder a las políticas urbanas de erradicación de las villas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Este trabajo analizará el proceso de conformación de Copacabana y la autoconstrucción de su primer barrio: La Asunción. A su vez, se buscará explorar las estrategias, ideas y conflictos que la cooperativa durante su funcionamiento. En este sentido, se presta especial atención a las transformaciones sociales y espaciales de la cooperativa y el barrio.; This paper analyzes the organization and works of the Copacabana Housing Cooperative, created in the Villa 31, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, during Argentina's last military dictatorship (1976- 1983). This cooperative was the first of a set of fourteen that emerged as a contentious organization against the exclusionary urban policies of, during which a violent eradication program of the shanty towns of Buenos Aires was carried out. This article will analyze the formation process of Copacabana and the construction of La Asuncion, its first housing project. Also, this paper aims to explore the strategies, ideas and conflicts of the Copacabana Housing Cooperative throughout its pursue to create new communities for the evicted of the shanty towns of Buenos Aires, during the most violent and repressive period of Argentina.

On abstract normalisation beyond neededness Bonelli, Eduardo Augusto; Kesner, Delia; Lombardi, Carlos; Ríos, Alejandro We study normalisation of multistep strategies, strategies that reduce a set of redexes at a time, focusing on the notion of necessary sets, those which contain at least one redex that cannot be avoided in order to reach a normal form. This is particularly appealing in the setting of non-sequential rewrite systems, in which terms that are not in normal form may not have any needed redex. We first prove a normalisation theorem for abstract rewrite systems (ARS), a general rewriting framework encompassing many rewriting systems developed by P-A. Melliès [20]. The theorem states that multistep strategies reducing so called necessary and never-gripping sets of redexes at a time are normalising in any ARS. Gripping refers to an abstract property reflecting the behaviour of higher-order substitution. We then apply this result to the particular case of PPC, a calculus of patterns and to the lambda-calculus with parallel-or.

In search of a lost village: Prospecting techniques at the site mariano miró (la pampa, argentina, early twentieth century) Tapia, Alicia Haydee; Doval, Jimena; Montanari, Emanuel; Pineau, Virginia Giselle; Caretti, Florencia; Landa, Carlos Gilberto Archeological research started in Mariano Miró (Chapaleufú, La Pampa, Argentina) site in 2011. In this site there are remains of a rural village, founded in 1901 by the railway station under the same name of the Ferrocarril Oeste, with its header in Buenos Aires city. This village was inhabited by nearly 500 people and there was a series of shops typical of an agricultural-livestock occupation (stores, a baker's shop, a smith house, etc.). Towards 1911 it had to be abandoned forcibly because its inhabitants could not renew their lease agreement over the lands they settled in. As from that moment, its owners destined that space to agricultural exploitation, and therefore no village structures were left standing. The Mariano Miró archaeological study is included in an investigation that aims at learning population dynamics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. During those times, lands were incorporated to the national territory after military campaigns against indigenous populations. This study presents results obtained through different prospecting techniques applied to delimit the old village common land. Although nowadays no surface structural remains are seen, the presence of a great number of vitreous, ceramic and metallic fragments was recorded, from which a 240 × 140 m study area was set. Over the whole surface of that area, covering 39,200 m2, transects were laid out; prospecting was conducted with a metal detector and a systematic collection of surface material was made. The diversity of data obtained was processed by Geographic Information System (GIS) which, together with ARCGIS10 software, enabled us to correlate multiple variables. The use of documentary sources (aerial photographs, cartography and village layout blueprints) helped identify site formation processes, old buried structures and areas associated with specific social practices. The prospecting design applied let us guide archaeological interventions in such a large area and, based on the distribution and density of these findings, it helped differentiate sectors that would respond to deliberate social practices during village occupation (e.g. dumps), from those that would be the result of post-depositional anthropic and natural processes.

An archaeobotanical perspective in the study of inflorescence phytoliths of wild grasses from arid and semi-arid environments of Argentina Babot, Maria del Pilar; Musaubach, María Gabriela; Plos, Anabela Wild cereals have been harvested all over the world by hunter-gatherer with evidences as much in South America as in Australia, North America and Subsaharian Africa. In some places there are still used for human consumption. The goal of this paper is to document phytoliths in inflorescence axis, and in kernels/inflorescences/bracts of several native Argentinian wild grasses in order to get an archaeobotanical comparative referential for the analyses of residues from both food plant processing activities and consumption. We could observe typical phytolith morphotypes from specific anatomical parts of grasses, but non-taxon specific, as well as non-diagnostic phytolith morphotypes, but characteristic of the phytolith association of a certain taxa. They all allow us to get a more complete view of the phytolith production for each specific taxon. Results obtained by Morisita Test-Past Program-suggest a trend to the organization at the level of subfamilies for the phytoliths production in the 14 species studied. Species of the genus Aristida and Cynodon show an intra-generic consistency in the production of phytoliths morphotypes per organ, and tend to be grouped in cluster analysis. In some species as Cynodon dactylon, Bromus catharticus, Aristida adscensionis, Sorghastrum pellitum and Paspalum dilatatum it can be noted a similarity in the morphotype production as much in inflorescence axis as in kernels/inflorescences/bracts. A morphological continuum between similar morphotypes could be also established, by comparing series of shapes within fragments of silicified plant tissue. Finally, we consider phytolith production from potential useful plant parts for human consumption, in a way as their presence alone, or associated with starch grain analyses, as showed by a previous work, could be used for regional dietary reconstructions. Our results from inflorescence/kernel phytolith production give us good expectation to be able to identify them in archaeological contexts.

Slow-release formulations of the herbicide picloram by using Fe-Al pillared montmorillonite Marco Brown, José Luis; Undabeytia, Tomás; Torres Sanchez, Rosa Maria; Dos Santos Afonso, María Slow-release formulations of the herbicide picloram (PCM, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid) were designed based on its adsorption on pillared clays (pillared clays (PILCs)) for reducing the water-polluting risk derived from its use in conventional formulations. Fe–Al PILCs were synthesized by the reaction of Na+-montmorillonite (SWy-2) with base-hydrolyzed solutions of Fe and Al. The Fe/(Fe + Al) ratios used were 0.15 and 0.50. The PCM adsorption isotherms on Fe–Al PILCs were well fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. The PCM adsorption capacity depended on the Fe content in the PILCs. Slow-release formulations were prepared by enhanced adsorption of the herbicide from PCM-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes in solution. CDs were able to enhance up to 2.5-fold the solubility of PCM by the formation of inclusion complexes where the ring moiety of the herbicide was partially trapped within the CD cavity. Competitive adsorption of anions such as sulfate, phosphate, and chloride as well as the FTIR analysis of PCM-PILC complexes provided evidence of formation of inner sphere complexes of PCM-CD on Fe–Al PILCs. Release of the herbicide in a sandy soil was lower from Fe–Al PILC formulations relative to a PCM commercial formulation.

Determination of two unknown thermal coefficients through an inverse one-phase fractional Stefan problem Ceretani, Andrea Noemí; Tarzia, Domingo Alberto We consider a semi-infinite one-dimensional phase-change material with two unknown constant thermal coefficients among the latent heat per unit mass, the specific heat, the mass density and the thermal conductivity. Aiming at the determination of them, we consider an inverse one-phase Stefan problem with an over-specified condition at the fixed boundary and a known evolution for the moving boundary. We assume that it is given by a sharp front and we consider a time fractional derivative of order α (0 < α < 1) in the Caputo sense to represent the temporal evolution of the temperature as well as the moving boundary. This might be interpreted as the consideration of latent-heat memory effects in the development of the phase-change process. According to the choice of the unknown thermal coefficients, six inverse fractional Stefan problems arise. For each of them, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions on data to obtain the existence and uniqueness of a solution of similarity type. Moreover, we present explicit expressions for the temperature and the unknown thermal coefficients. Finally, we show that the results for the classical statement of this problem, associated with α = 1, are obtained through the fractional model when α → 1-.