Dinero y vida. Inflexiones contemporáneas en la cultura literaria argentina a partir de Historia del dinero de Alan Pauls y de Los diarios de Emilio Renzi de Ricardo Piglia
Laera, Maria Alejandra
Este ensayo explora el modoen que el dinero aparece en la narrativa argentina contemporánea de un mododiferente a las ficciones del dinero de la década de 1990, que ofrecían a través de él módicas alegorías queservían, entre otras cosas, como resistencia a las crisis económicas. Sinexplotar su potencia alegórica, en la narrativa actual el dinero se articulacon la vida a través de la noción de tiempo que parece regirlas ofreciendo,así, relatos calendarizados. Con estaperspectiva, se propone un acercamiento a dos relatos diferentes perofuertemente calendarizados como la novela Historiadel dinero de Alan Pauls y Los diarios de Emilio Renzi de Ricardo Piglia.
Control parlamentario en Europa y América Latina
Serrafero, Mario Daniel
Juan Linz señalaba la ventaja de la flexibilidad que significaba el voto de censura de los sistemas parlamentarios en relación con la rigidez del juicio político en América Latina. No obstante en este trabajo se muestra el cambio significativo que significó el reemplazo de presidente por las vías institucionales de la acción del Congreso a través del impeachment, desde los años 90. En este trabajo, se realiza un repaso sobre el papel que ha tenido la censura en algunos ordenamientos parlamentarios de la segunda posguerra en determinados países europeos tomados frecuentemente como modelos. En relación con América Latina se trata la censura ministerial existente en varios países y que intenta ser otro mecanismo de control sobre el Poder Ejecutivo. Por último se aborda el mecanismo de juicio político o impeachment y los casos concretos que han tenido como consecuencia el desplazamiento de los presidentes latinoamericanos.; Juan Linz showed the advantage that the motion of no confidence - or censure motion - of parliamentary systems meant in relation to the rigidity of the Latin American political impeachment. Nevertheless, in this study we see the significant change brought forth by the replacement of a president through the institutional means of Congress, ‘impeachment’, since the 90’s. This study also chronicles the role that motion of no confidence has had in postwar parliamentary systems in specific European countries which are frequently seen as institutional role models. In relation to Latin America, it deals with ministerial censure motion existing in various countries, an action which tries to be yet another means of control over the Executive branch. Finally, this study analyzes the mechanism of impeachment and the concrete cases which have had presidential displacement as a consequence.
Literatura testimonial en la Argentina: un itinerario histórico (1957-2012); Testimonial literature in Argentina: a historical itinerary (1957-2012)
García, Victoria Gisele
La historia del género testimonial en la Argentina, cuyos orígenes se vinculan a la politización del campo cultural iniciada en la segunda mitad de la década de 1950, plantea una tarea aún pendiente para la crítica literaria. Aunque el interés por el testimonio ha sido creciente en los círculos académicos en los últimos años, la crítica se ha concentrado en la producción testimonial de la postdictadura, de modo tal que las continuidades y rupturas que pueden detectarse al contrastar distintas etapas de la literatura testimonial, permanecen poco exploradas. Orientado en esa línea, el presente trabajo presenta una introducción a la historia del testimonio en la Argentina, a partir del análisis de cuatro textos representativos de etapas diferentes en el desarrollo del género: Operación masacre y la “Carta de un escritor a la Junta Militar” de Rodolfo Walsh (1957 y 1977), Recuerdo de la muerte de Miguel Bonasso (1984) y el Diario de una princesa montonera de Mariana Eva Perez (2012). El análisis permitirá observar inflexiones significativas del género testimonial en distintos momentos de su historia, desde los politizados años 60-70 hasta un presente cuyos ritos de memoria se focalizan en aquellos años. En particular, el recorrido mostrará las diferentes formas que en los textos cobra la tensión entre literatura y política - entre ficción y testimonio, invención y verdad-, que atraviesa al género desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad.; The history of testimonial literature in Argentina, whose origins are linked to the politicization of the cultural field after the second half of the 1950 decade, poses relevant questions for literary critic. Although critical interest in testimony has increased lately, critics have focused on postdictatorial testimonial production; therefore continuities and ruptures which can be analyzed if different stages of testimonial literature are compared, have been rarely explored. In such sense, this paper provides an introduction to the history of testimonial literature in Argentina, basing on an analysis of four texts which represent different stages of the genre’s development: Operación masacre (1957) and the “Carta de un escritor a la Junta Militar” (1977), by Rodolfo Walsh, Recuerdo de la muerte by Miguel Bonasso (1984) and Diario de una princesa montonera (2012) by Mariana Eva Perez. The analysis shows relevant inflections of testimonial genre in different moments of its history, from the politicized 60-70s to a present in which memorial rituals look backward to such years. More specifically, the study exposes different textual expressions of the tension between literature and politics –between fiction and testimony, invention and truth-, which shapes the genre from its origins to its present.
Emoción y nuevas espiritualidades. Por una perspectiva relacional y situada de los afectos; Emotion and the New Spiritualities. Towards a Relational and Situated View of Affects; Emoção e novas espiritualidades. Por uma perspectiva relacional e situada dos afetos
Viotti, Nicolas
Las religiosidades con un fuerte componente "emocional" tuvieron gran visibilidad en la sociedad argentina durante las últimas décadas. Este trabajo analiza el llanto en grupos vinculados a la espiritualidad al estilo de la Nueva Era y el catolicismo revivalista y/o renovado, en el contexto más amplio de las llamadas "nuevas espiritualidades". Asimismo, pretende reflexionar sobre las afinidades entre sacralidad y emocionalidad como objetos de análisis complejos de las ciencias sociales, y sobre lo que el enfoque relacional de una corriente de la religiosidad contemporánea tiene para decir sobre el campo más amplio del estudio de los afectos en el análisis de la religiosidad. Sobre todo, cuando los análisis más difundidos oscilan entre diagnósticos sociologistas, o bien subjetivistas, es decir que entienden el "emocionalismo" como crisis contemporánea de lo "social", o la emoción como locus de la "experiencia subjetiva". En suma, el artículo quiere subrayar cómo el hecho de atender a las teorías nativas sobre las causas de la emoción -en cuanto proceso relacional que prioriza un enfoque comunicacional, que articula componentes humanos y no humanos situados, y nociones específicas de eficacia y causalidad- resulta ser una estrategia complementaria para analizar las emociones.; Religiosities with a strong "emotional" component had strong visibility in Argentina over the past decades. This paper analyses the crying in groups linked to the New Age spirituality and revivalist Catholicism in the broader context of the so-called "new spiritualities". It also aims to reflect on the affinities between sacred and emotionality as a research focus in the social sciences and what the relational approach has to say about the broader field of affect studies in the analysis of religiosity. Especially when the most widespread analysis understand "emotionalism" as a contemporary crisis of the "social" or as a locus of "subjective experience". In short, the article intend to emphasize how considering native theories about the causes of emotion, as a relational and situated process that considers human and non-human agents, ideas of cause and efficacy, could be a complementary strategy to analyse emotions.; Religiosidades com um forte componente "emocional" tiveram grande visibilidade na sociedade Argentina nas últimas décadas. Este artigo analisa o choro nos grupos ligados às espiritualidades Nova Era e ao catolicismo revivalista no contexto mais amplo das chamadas "novas espiritualidades". O artigo tem também o objetivo de refletir sobre as afinidades entre o sagrado e os afetos como objetos da análise nas ciências sociais, particularmente frisa a importância da abordagem relacional no campo mais amplo do estudo dos afetos. Considera criticamente as análises mais generalizadas sobre o "emocionalismo" como crise contemporânea do "social" ou como locus da "experiência subjetiva". Em suma, pretende-se enfatizar como reconstruir as teorias nativas sobre as causas da emoção, em tanto processo relacional e situado que considera as relações entre humanos e não-humanos, as ideias sobre a causa e a eficácia, resulta uma estratégia complementar para o estudo antropológico das emoções.
Characteristics and causes of Deep Western Boundary Current transport variability at 34.5° S during 2009-2014
Meinen, Christopher S.; Garzoli, Silvia L.; Perez, Renellys C.; Campos, Edmo; Piola, Alberto Ricardo; Chidichimo, María Paz; Dong, Shenfu; Sato, Olga T.
The Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 34.5° S in the South Atlantic carries a significant fraction of the cold deep limb of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), and therefore its variability affects the meridional heat transport and consequently the regional and global climate. Nearly 6 years of observations from a line of pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIESs) have yielded an unprecedented data set for studying the characteristics of the time-varying DWBC volume transport at 34.5° S. Furthermore, the horizontal resolution of the observing array was greatly improved in December 2012 with the addition of two current-and-pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (CPIESs) at the midpoints of the two westernmost pairs of PIES moorings. Regular hydrographic sections along the PIES/CPIES line confirm the presence of recently ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water carried by the DWBC. The time-mean absolute geostrophic transport integrated within the DWBC layer, defined between 800-4800 dbar and within longitude bounds of 51.5 to 44.5° W, is -15 Sv (1 Sv Combining double low line 106 m3 s-1; negative indicates southward flow). The observed peak-to-peak range in volume transport using these integration limits is from -89 to +50 Sv, and the temporal standard deviation is 23 Sv. Testing different vertical integration limits based on time-mean water-mass property levels yields small changes to these values, but no significant alteration to the character of the transport time series. The time-mean southward DWBC flow at this latitude is confined west of 49.5° W, with recirculations dominating the flow further offshore. As with other latitudes where the DWBC has been observed for multiple years, the time variability greatly exceeds the time mean, suggesting the presence of strong coherent vortices and/or Rossby Wave-like signals propagating to the boundary from the interior.
El sistema agrícola del sitio arqueológico Quebrada de los Corrales (El Infiernillo, Tucumán, Argentina)
Caria, Mario Alejandro
Se presentan los análisis del relevamiento planialtimétrico y geomorfológico de un sector del sitio QLC.
First report of sweet potato leaf curl Georgia virus in sweet potato in Argentina
Martino, Julia Andrea; Fontenele, R. S.; Ferreira, F. A.; Ribeiro, S. G.; Di Feo, Liliana del Valle
Viruses of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) have circular single-stranded DNA genomes composed of one or two components. They are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and are agents of important diseases in dicotyledonous crops worldwide (Navas-Castillo et al. 2011). The sweepoviruses constitute a monophyletic group of monopartite begomoviruses that infects sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and other species of the family Convolvulaceae. Sweet potato is an important vegetable crop and is widely cultivated and consumed in Argentina. Leaf curl disease was first reported in the country in 2012 (Rodríguez-Pardina et al. 2012) associated with an increase of whitefly populations. In September 2014, random samplings of more than 100 plants showing upward leaf curling and mild vein clearing symptoms were conducted in eight sweet potato plots in Colonia Molina, Mendoza Province, Argentina (32.8316311°S, 68.7238142°W). The presence of begomovirus was suggested by PCR using degenerate primers SPG1 and SPG2 that amplified a 912-bp fragment from a conserved region in open reading frames C2 and C1 (Li et al. 2004). Total DNA from three samples was used as a template for rolling circle amplification (RCA) and viral DNA enrichment (Inoue-Nagata et al. 2004). RCA products were pooled and submitted to deep sequencing in an Illumina MiSeq system. Sequencing analysis showed one contig corresponding to the full-length genome of Sweet potato leaf curl Georgia virus (SPLCGV) with coverage of over 40,000 reads. Overlapping primers were designed based on the contig sequence to recover the full-length viral DNA genome. The expected size ∼2.8-kb fragment was amplified from one of the samples and was cloned into the TOPO TA 2.1 and sequenced. The obtained sequence had the genome structure characteristic of a sweepovirus. Species demarcation tool (SDT) analysis showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity (92%) with an SPLCGV isolate from Cuba (KC253236) and identities ranging from 90 to 91% with other SPLCGV isolates from China and the United States. The obtained sequence had 83.5% sequence identity with the Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) isolate from Argentina (Rodríguez-Pardina et al. 2012). In accordance with the current taxonomic criteria for begomovirus classification (Brown et al. 2015), this begomovirus isolate from sweet potato in Argentina represents a new strain of SPLCGV, which was named SPLCGV- [AR-MDZ] (KX611145). This is the first report of SPLCGV in Argentina, and our findings expand the geographical distribution of this begomovirus that to date had been reported in the United States, China, and Cuba.
La prensa gráfica en contacto: el abordaje del diario Clarín de la Masacre de Avellaneda; The graphic press in contact: The approach of the newspaper Clarín of the Massacre of Avellaneda
Di Filippo, Marilé
En este artículo reflexionamos en torno al tratamiento que el diario Clarín hizo de lo ocurrido en el Puente Pueyrredón y la Estación Avellaneda el 26 de junio de 2002, suceso denominado como la “Masacre de Avellaneda”. Analizamos cómo abordó y construyó el acontecimiento de diferentes modos en las ediciones de los días transcurridos entre el 27 y el 30 de junio. Realizamos un análisis textual pero también ahondamos en otras modalidades de producción de realidad. En efecto, discutimos el rol que en la construcción del acontecimiento desempeñaron un conjunto de fotografías que componen una secuencia denominada “la secuencia de Mateos” así como también el modo en que otras imágenes dieron cuerpo a la estrategia enunciativa del diario que osciló, según sus pretensiones y las circunstancias contextuales, entre su condición de medio gráfico y su aggionarmiento a la dinámica de contacto y seducción del discurso televisivo.; In this article we reflect about the media coverage that Clarín did of the Massacre of Avellaneda (that is how is kown the event where two activists were murdered by the police at Pueyrredón Bridge and Avellaneda Train Station on June 26 of 2002). We analyze the different ways at which this media tackled and built the event in editions elapsed between the 27 and 30 June inclusive. We do a textual analysis but also delve into others modes of production of reality. Indeed, we discuss the role played by a set of photographs that make up a sequence called “the sequence of Mateos”, as well as how other images flesh out the declarative strategy of the newspaper that ranged, according their claims and contextual circumstances, between its status as graphic medium and its adaptative capability to contact dynamics and seduction of television discourse
Introducción a la noción de dignitates en orden a la comprensión de las ciencias según Tomás de Aquino (Primera Parte); Introduction to the Notion of Dignitates in order to understanding on Science in Thomas Aquinas (First Part)
Mendoza, José María Felipe
El esquema científico escolástico del s. XIII tiene un principal componente: las traducciones de los tratados aristotélicos. En esta línea las obras de Boecio conforman un recio enclave ineludible tanto por sus traducciones del griego cuanto por la fijación de una lexicología técnica que permita interpretarlo. Dicho antecedente fue especialmente enriquecido por las traducciones y comentarios que comenzaron a circular en el s. XII y las sucesivas del s. XIII. Mas, la visión científica de Tomás de Aquino abreva en esta tradición y propulsa una determinada comprensión de los textos del Estagirita. A partir de aquí el siguiente texto persigue en la opera omnia tomística la noción de dignitates, por ser éste uno de los términos que configuran su esquema científico de raíz aristotélica, con el objetivo de mostrar su lugar, sentido y alcance en el orden de las ciencias.; The scholastic scientific diagram of the 13th century has a main component: the translations of Aristotle treatises. In this way Boethius’ works are highly significant both for his translations of Greek terms and for fixing a precise lexicology that allows us to interpret it. These records were enriched with meaningful translations and comments that began to spread in the 12th century and the following ones of the 13th century. However, Thomas Aquinas’ scientific view shows this tradition and enhances a certain understanding of the Aristotelian texts. On this basis the following paper analyzes the notion of ‘dignitates’ on the thomistic opera omnia, because this is one of the terms which sets up the scientific scheme of Aristotelian root, with the objective to show its place, its meaning and its scope in the order of sciences.
Dimensión Cromosómica
Honfi, Ana Isabel; Bolzan, Alejandro Daniel; Daviña, Julio Rubén
Desde la segunda década del siglo pasado, Argentina ha sido el epicentro del inicio y desarrollo de la citogenética en América latina. La citogenética es una disciplina que se caracteriza por su capacidad de constante rejuvenecimiento y resurgimiento, aún después de etapas de franca declinación de su manejo y aplicación. Los rasgos cromosómicos son cualidades determinísticas de gran valor predictivo y su estudio aunque requiere de cierta práctica artesanal, resulta una herramienta fundamental para acompañar tecnologías de vanguardia, como una herramienta poderosa, versátil y fundamentalmente insustituible por otros abordajes. En este artículo, trataremos algunas facetas de la dimensión cromosómica del análisis genético de diversos grupos de organismos.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms may explain the contrasting phenotypes of two variants of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain
Bigi, Maria de Las Mercedes; Lopez, Beatriz; Blanco, Federico Carlos; Sasiain, María del Carmen; de la Barrera, Silvia Susana; Marti, Marcelo Adrian; Sosa, Ezequiel; Fernández Do Porto, Darío Augusto; Ritacco, Gloria Viviana; Bigi, Fabiana; Soria, Marcelo Abel
Globally, about 4.5% of new tuberculosis (TB) cases are multi-drug-resistant (MDR), i.e. resistant to the two most powerful first-line anti-TB drugs. Indeed, 480,000 people developed MDR-TB in 2015 and 190,000 people died because of MDR-TB. The MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis M family, which belongs to the Haarlem lineage, is highly prosperous in Argentina and capable of building up further drug resistance without impairing its ability to spread. In this study, we sequenced the whole genomes of a highly prosperous M-family strain (Mp) and its contemporary variant, strain 410, which produced only one recorded tuberculosis case in the last two decades. Previous reports have demonstrated that Mp induced dysfunctional CD8+ cytotoxic T cell activity, suggesting that this strain has the ability to evade the immune response against M. tuberculosis. Comparative analysis of Mp and 410 genomes revealed non-synonymous polymorphisms in eleven genes and five intergenic regions with polymorphisms between both strains. Some of these genes and promoter regions are involved in the metabolism of cell wall components, others in drug resistance and a SNP in Rv1861, a gene encoding a putative transglycosylase that produces a truncated protein in Mp. The mutation in Rv3787c, a putative S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase, is conserved in all of the other prosperous M strains here analysed and absent in non-prosperous M strains. Remarkably, three polymorphic promoter regions displayed differential transcriptional activity between Mp and 410. We speculate that the observed mutations/polymorphisms are associated with the reported higher capacity of Mp for modulating the host's immune response.
Carbon nanotubes grown on carbon fiber yarns by a low temperature CVD method: A significant enhancement of the interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber/epoxy matrix hierarchical composites
Vozer Felisberto, Marcos Daniel; Tzounis, Lazaros; Sacco, Leandro; Stamm, Manfred; Candal, Roberto Jorge; Rubiolo, Gerardo Hector; Goyanes, Silvia Nair
In this work, we show that the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers (CFs) and epoxy matrix in laminated composites can be significantly enhanced by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto the fiber surfaces at low temperatures. The key process parameter was the deposition of catalytic nickel nanoparticles (NPs) onto the CFs at room temperature by a low energy double target DC sputtering system. This protocol enabled the growth of CNTs without any detrimental effect on the fiber properties, and enhanced effectively the adhesion between fibers and matrix. Fractographic investigations of single fiber/epoxy composites demonstrated an improved interfacial adhesion between the ‘hierarchical’ fibers (CF-CNT) with the epoxy matrix as compared to the bare carbon fibers. The developed protocol is versatile and it is envisioned to be easily scaled-up for volume production of CF-CNT, giving rise to high mechanical performance structural composites.
Trace fossils from the Middle and Upper Eocene (Bartonian–Priabonian) molasse deposits of the Pamplona Basin (Navarre, western Pyrenees): palaeoenvironmental implications
Astibia, Humberto; Rodríguez Tovar, Francisco Javier; Díaz Martínez, Ignacio; Payros, Aitor; Ortiz, Silvia
An ichnological study was carried out in the Middle–Upper Eocene sedimentary succession of the Pamplona Basin. This succession represents the molasse stage of the western part of the South Pyrenean peripheral foreland basin and extends from deep-marine turbiditic (Ezkaba Sandstone Formation) to deltaic (Pamplona Marl, Ardanatz Sandstone and Ilundain Marl formations) and marginal marine deposits (Liédena Sandstone Member, Gendulain Formation). The tectonosedimentary evolution of the basin can also be recognized by means of the ichnoassemblages preserved throughout the succession and by the ichnofacies analysis. A total of 23 ichnogenera and at least 28 ichnospecies have been identified. The assemblage of the Ezkaba Sandstone is characteristic of the deep-sea Nereites ichnofacies. The Ophiomorpha rudis and the Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies can be differentiated in this unit, which are typical of channel axis and off-axis environments. Trace fossils in the Ardanatz Sandstone and Ilundain Marl formations, with dominance of Thalassinoides and especially Ophiomorpha, could be related to the Cruziana ichnofacies, developed in relatively low-energy environments, in semicohesive muddy substrates with intercalated silt and sand. The ichnofauna of the Liédena Sandstone Member is composed of bird tracks, and invertebrate horizontal and vertical structures. Microbial mat impressions also occur. The evidence suggests that microbial mats acted as a taphonomic bias favouring the preservation of vertebrate tracks and conditioning the presence of other trace fossils. Consequently, the assignation of this ichnofauna to a specific ichnofacies is tentative, most likely a combination of the Mermia and Scoyenia ichnofacies.
Use of RNA-seq data to identify and validate RT-qPCR reference genes for studying the tomato-Pseudomonas pathosystem
Pombo, Marina Alejandra; Zheng, Yi; Fei, Zhangjun; Martin, Gregory B.; Rosli, Hernan Guillermo
The agronomical relevant tomato-Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato pathosystem is widely used to explore and understand the underlying mechanisms of the plant immune response. Transcript abundance estimation, mainly through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), is a common approach employed to investigate the possible role of a candidate gene in certain biological process under study. The accuracy of this technique relies heavily on the selection of adequate reference genes. Initially, genes derived from other techniques (such as Northern blots) were used as reference genes in RT-qPCR experiments, but recent studies in different systems suggest that many of these genes are not stably expressed. The development of high throughput transcriptomic techniques, such as RNA-seq, provides an opportunity for the identification of transcriptionally stable genes that can be adopted as novel and robust reference genes. Here we take advantage of a large set of RNA-seq data originating from tomato leaves infiltrated with different immunity inducers and bacterial strains. We assessed and validated 9 genes that are much more stable than two traditional reference genes. Specifically, ARD2 and VIN3 were the most stably expressed genes and consequently we propose they be adopted for RT-qPCR experiments involving this pathosystem.
B. cereus phospholipase C engineering for efficient degumming of vegetable oil
Elena, Claudia Edicht; Cerminati, Sebastián; Ravasi, Pablo; Rasia, Rodolfo Maximiliano; Peirú, Salvador; Menzella, Hugo Gabriel; Castelli, Maria Eugenia
Enzymatic phospholipid removal (degumming) is a fast-growing and environmentally friendly process for vegetable oil refining. Type C phospholipases (PLC) are the preferred enzymes since they provide an extra yield in the oil recovery. Bacillus cereus PLC can hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC) but has a limited efficiency at removing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which together represent ∼70% of the phospholipids present in crude soybean oil. In the present work, we show that the B. cereus PLC mutant F66Y can remove up to 90% of PE while retaining its efficiency at hydrolyzing PC. Oil treatment with the engineered enzyme provides an extra yield of 1.84% making the B. cereus PLC F66Y mutant an attractive candidate for its industrial use.
Faunal assemblages of intertidal hydroids (Hydrozoa, cnidaria) from argentinean patagonia (Southwestern Atlantic Ocean)
Genzano, Gabriel Nestor; Bremec, Claudia Silvia; Diaz Briz, Luciana Mabel; Costello, John H.; Morandini, Andre C.; Miranda, Thaís P.; Marques, Antonio C.
This study provides taxonomical and ecological accounts for the poorly known diversity of hydroids distributed over ~2,000 km of Argentinean Patagonian intertidal habitats (42°-54°S). Sampling was performed in 11 sites with tidal amplitude between 6-13 m dominated by rocky outcrops, breakwaters, and salt marshes. Samples were sorted and identified up to the species level and hydroid associations were analyzed by multivariate analyses. A total of 26 species were recorded. The most frequent species were Amphisbetia operculata, present in 8 of the 10 sites inhabited by hydroids, followed by Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus and Nemertesia ramosa. All recorded hydroids are geographically and bathymetrically widely distributed species, common at the austral hemisphere. Seven species (Coryne eximia, Bougainvillia muscus, Ectopleura crocea, Hybocodon unicus, Halecium delicatulum, Plumularia setacea, and Clytia gracilis) were reported from intertidal fringes. Species richness differed according to the composition of the bottom, topographical complexity and density of mytilid communities. Some muddy intertidal fringes dominated by the glasswort Sarcocornia perennis had an unexpected hydroid fauna composition, never reported for salt marsh habitats, representing a remarkable novelty for the hydroid literature. The lack of studies on the hydroid fauna from these particular habitats represented a substantial gap for our biodiversity knowledge.
Sustitución de Importaciones en la Industria Biofarmacéutica Argentina: Una Estrategia con Blanco Móvil
Lavarello, Pablo Jose; Goldstein, Evelin; Pita, Juan José
Desde una perspectiva de sustitución de importaciones basada en la industria infantil, la protección del mercado interno es necesaria como un primer paso para generar un proceso de aprendizaje tecnológico. Esta perspectiva es de relevancia frente a la emergencia de la biotecnología como paradigma tecnológico. Para ciertos países en desarrollo como la Argentina que han alcanzado tempranamente un umbral mínimo de conocimientos y ciertas capacidades manufactureras, esto abre una ventana de oportunidad. Este trabajo muestra a partir de datos de comercio la existencia de espacio para sustitución de importaciones dependiendo de la complejidad de las tecnologías y discute ciertos aspectos para impulsar deliberadamente este tipo de estrategias.; From an infant capability approach of import substitution, domestic market protection is a necessary first step to generate technological learning. This view is relevant in the face of biotechnology paradigm emergence. For developing countries as Argentina, that had early achieved a minimum threshold of knowledge and manufacturing experience, this opens a window of opportunity. This works shows that there is space for an importation substitution strategy in Argentina depending on the complexity of technologies involved discussing some aspects to encourage deliberately this strategy.
Applied Montology Using Critical Biogeography in the Andes
Sarmiento, Fausto O.; Ibarra, J. Tomás; Barreau, Antonia; Pizarro Pinochet, Jose Cristobal; Rozzi, Ricardo; González, Juan A.; Frolich, Larry M.
More than most other landforms, mountains have been at the vanguard of geographical inquiry. Whether promontories, cultural works on slopes, or even metaphorical/spiritual heights, mountain research informs current narratives of global environmental change. We review how montology shifts geographic paradigms via the novel approach of critical biogeography in the Andes. We use it to bridge nature and society through indigenous heritage, local biodiversity conservation narratives, and vernacular nature–culture hybrids of biocultural landscapes (BCLs), focusing on how socioecological systems (SES) enlighten scientific query in the Andes. In our Andean study cases, integrated critical frameworks guide the understanding of BCLs as the product of long-term human–environment interactions. With situated exemplars from place naming, wild edible plants, medicinal plants, sacred trees, foodstuffs, ritualistic plants, and floral and faunal causation, we convey the need for cognition of mountains as BCLs in the Anthropocene. We conclude that applied montology allows for a multi-method approach with the four Cs of critical biogeography, a model that engages forward-looking geographers and interdisciplinary Andeanists in assessments for sustainable development of fragile BCLs in the Andes.
Foliar habit in mistletoe-host associations
Glatzel, Gerhard; Richter, Hanno; Devkota, Mohan Prasad; Amico, Guillermo Cesar; Lee, Sugwang; Lin, Ruozhu; Grabner, Michael; Barlow, Bryan A.
Foliar habit in parasite-host associations of mistletoes and trees is a neglected aspect in the discussion of foliar habit of woody plants. Almost all of the world’s mistletoe species are evergreen, regardless of the foliar habit of their hosts. Deciduous mistletoes are rare and confined to the northern fringes of Loranthaceae in Eurasia, and to Misodendraceae and the monotypic genus Desmaria (Loranthaceae) in southern South America. There are no deciduous mistletoes in the tropics and subtropics. Based on existing information and hypotheses on foliar habit, we asked why the majority of mistletoe species is evergreen, even on deciduous hosts, and why seasonality is apparently no driver for the evolution of deciduousness in parasite-host systems. We postulate that nutrient conservation is the main driver for evergreenness in mistletoes. Based on our own observations of wood anatomy in the host-haustorium-mistletoe continuum we hypothesize that the phenomenon of deciduousness in northerly Loranthus species is a consequence of interrupted water supply in large vessels after frost. In South Americawecould not find a consistent correlation between wood anatomy and deciduousness. We assume that deciduousness in these mistletoes evolved long ago in Antarctic forests under climatic and ecological conditions quite different from today.
