¿Pueden las técnicas de mitigación de estrés ambiental mejorar la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plantines de coníferas en el N.O. de la Patagonia? Varela Santiago; Gyenge, Javier Enrique; Diez, Juan Pablo; Weigandt, Mariana Noemi; Caballe, Gonzalo Las etapas iniciales de vida de los árboles son particularmente susceptibles a condiciones de estrés ambiental y eventos extremos. El desarrollo de estrategias de mitigación durante etapas tempranas parece ser un factor determinante para la supervivencia en hábitats con estas condiciones, las cuales, en base a pronósticos climáticos, se predice que serán aún más severas que en la actualidad.

Drugs affecting blood pressure variability: an update Höcht, Christian; del Mauro, Julieta Sofía; Bertera, Facundo Martin; Taira, Carlos Alberto Blood pressure variability (BPV) is considered nowadays a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Clinical evidences support that short-term and long-term BPV independently contribute to target organ damage, cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with hypertension or diabetes. Attenuation of excessive fluctuations of systolic and diastolic BPV has been suggested as an additional therapeutic target in cardiovascular prevention. A growing number of preclinical and clinical studies have focused in the assessment of drug effects or other interventions on the different types of BPV and their contribution in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Prospective clinical trials have shown that antihypertensive classes differ in their ability to control excessive BP fluctuations with an impact in clinical outcomes. Current evidences suggest that calcium channel blockers are more effective than other blood pressure lowering drugs for the reduction of short-term, mid-term and long-term BPV. In order to increase actual knowledge regarding the therapeutic significance of BPV in cardiovascular disease, there is a need for additional clinical studies specifically designed for the study of the relevance of short-term and long-term BPV control by antihypertensive drugs

Exploring the Dynamics of Cell Processes through Simulations of Fluorescence Microscopy Experiments Angiolini, Juan Francisco; Plachta, Nicolas Daniel; Mocskos, Esteban Eduardo; Levi, Valeria Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) methods are powerful tools for unveiling the dynamical organization of cells. For simple cases, such as molecules passively moving in a homogeneous media, FCS analysis yields analytical functions that can be fitted to the experimental data to recover the phenomenological rate parameters. Unfortunately, many dynamical processes in cells do not follow these simple models, and in many instances it is not possible to obtain an analytical function through a theoretical analysis of a more complex model. In such cases, experimental analysis can be combined with Monte Carlo simulations to aid in interpretation of the data. In response to this need, we developed a method called FERNET (Fluorescence Emission Recipes and Numerical routines Toolkit) based on Monte Carlo simulations and the MCell-Blender platform, which was designed to treat the reaction-diffusion problem under realistic scenarios. This method enables us to set complex geometries of the simulation space, distribute molecules among different compartments, and define interspecies reactions with selected kinetic constants, diffusion coefficients, and species brightness. We apply this method to simulate single- and multiple-point FCS, photon-counting histogram analysis, raster image correlation spectroscopy, and two-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. We believe that this new program could be very useful for predicting and understanding the output of fluorescence microscopy experiments.

Identification and evaluation of new Mycobacterium bovis antigens in the in vitro interferon gamma release assay for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis Eirin, Maria Emilia; Macías, Analia Florencia; Magnano, Gabriel Gustavo; Morsella, Claudia; Mendez, Laura; Blanco, Federico Carlos; Bianco, María Verónica; Severina, Walter; Alito, Alicia; Pando, María de los Ángeles; Singh, Mahavir; Spallek, Ralph; Paolicchi, Fernando Alberto; Bigi, Fabiana; Cataldi, Ángel Adrián Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a common zoonotic disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis),responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. Its diagnosis is based on the detection of cellmediated immunity under the exposure to protein purified derivative tuberculin (PPD), a complex andpoorly characterized reagent. The cross-reactivity to non-tuberculous mycobacterium species (falsepositiveresults) has been crucial to develop a more proper antigen. In the present study, we selected sixM. bovis Open Reading Frames (Mb1992, Mb2031c, Mb2319, Mb2843c, Mb2845c and Mb3212c) by insilicoanalysis and evaluated them in experimental and natural infection; none of these antigens hadbeen previously assessed as diagnostic antigens for bTB. The reactivity performance was tested in animalswith both positive and negative Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) results as well as in cattle infected withMycobacterium avium subesp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The six recombinant antigens individually inducedan IFN-g response, with overall responder frequency ranging from 18.3 to 31%. Mb2845c was the mostvaluable antigen with the potential to discriminate TST-positive cattle from either TST-negative or MAPinfected animals. Mb2845c showed similar performance to that observed with ESAT-6 and PPD-B amongTST and MTC specific-PCR positive animals, although this result needs to be proven in further studieswith a higher sample size. Our data confirm the feacibility to implement bioinformatic screening toolsand suggest Mb2845c as a potential diagnostic antigen to be tested in protein cocktails to evaluate theircontribution to bTB diagnosis.

Universidad y producción de conocimiento orientado a la política criminal. Un estudio de caso; University and knowledge production oriented to criminology policy. A case study Avila, Javier Guillermo; Estébanez, María Elina Se presentan resultados parciales de una investigación en curso que analiza la producción de conocimiento criminológico en el ámbito universitario público argentino desde la perspectiva del campo CTS. El foco principal de interés es la caracterización de las formas de vinculación entre actores científicos y no científicos durante las prácticas de producción de conocimiento, y la detección de fenómenos de co-producción, discutido en la literatura como uno de los factores que estimula la aplicación y uso social de resultados de la I+D. Para abordar este tema, se seleccionaron cuatro grupos de investigación localizados en una provincia argentina, e integrantes a su vez de una red multidisciplinaria de grupos universitarios financiada con fondos públicos y dedicada a estudiar el problema de la seguridad, el delito y las respuestas del Estado y las políticas públicas en el país. Estos grupos fueron analizados bajo una metodología de análisis de redes sociales, con el fin de modelizar los patrones de interacción observados entre los investigadores y otros actores sociales en diversas instancias del desarrollo de sus investigaciones. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos en el cálculo de indicadores relacionales de centralidad, centralización e intermediación derivados del análisis de redes.; This article presents partial results of a research in course that analyzes the production of criminological knowledge in an argentine public university from the perspective of the STS studies. The main focus of interest is the characterization of linkages types between scientist and no scientist during the practices of knowledge production, and the detection of phenomena of co-production, discussed in the literature as one of the factors that stimulates the application and social use of the R&D results. To address this issue, it was selected four research groups located in a province of Argentina, that take part of a multidisciplinary network of university groups funded with public funds and dedicated to study the problem of security, crime and the responses of the State and public policies in the country. These groups were analyzed under a methodology of social networks analysis of, in order to model the interaction patterns observed between researchers and other stakeholders in different instances of the development of their research. It is discussed some results obtained in the calculation of relational indicators of centrality, centralization and intermediations arising from network analysis.

Frente al límite del enfoque de derechos: la educación como política de prevención social del riesgo; Regarding the limit to rights approach: Education as a social risk prevention policy Pereyra, Ana; Guemureman, Silvia Teresa El artículo señala la confluencia entre los marcos conceptuales que organizaron las políticas educativas de las últimas décadas centradas en la noción de inclusión con aquellos destinados a los sectores más vulnerables de la población conocidos como políticas de gestión social del riesgo. Se analizan las tendencias recientes de la educación argentina y su relación con políticas públicas como la Asignación Universal por Hijo y políticas socio- educativas como Conectar Igualdad y Plan FINES. Se propo-ne una hipótesis en torno a las dificultades de la escuela para alcanzar la inclusión en los aprendizajes, compatibilizando dos principios en apariencia contradictorios como son la inclusión y las competencias. Posteriormente, se abordan los conceptos de riesgo y prevención como organizadores de otras “políticas sociales” orientadas a sectores vulnerables. Finalmente se des-taca que en las prácticas institucionales el enfoque inclusivo no logró dar preeminencia a la construcción de los lazos sociales inherentes a la ciudadanía y que la lógica del enfoque de dere-chos se mantuvo en el plano de las competencias ligadas a la inserción – jerárquica y diferencial- en el mercado laboral.; This article points out the confluence between the conceptual framewor-ks that organized the educational policies of the last decades focused on the notion of inclusion and those aimed at the most vulnerable sectors of the population known as policies of social risk management.Firstly, the recent trends in education in Argentina are analyzed. Thus, this article is then particularly concerned with social and educational policies as “Asignación Universal por Hijo” (Universal Child Allowance), “Conectar Igualdad” and “Plan FINES”. In a third stage, a hypothesis is proposed around the school difficulties to achieve inclusion in learning. This hypothesis focuses between two apparently contradictory principles such as inclusion and skills. In a fourth stage, this article focuses on the concepts of risk and prevention as organizers of other “social policies” aimed at vulnerable sectors. Findings highlight that inclusive approach has failed in terms of institutional practices to give prominence to the construction of social ties inherent to citizenship and that the logic of rights approach has remained as regards skills linked to the - hierarchical and differential- integration into the labor market.

Cambio estructural y desarrollo: Eficiencia keynesiana y shumpeteriana en la industria manufacturera en la Argentina en el período 2003-2011 Rivas, Diego; Robert, Veronica El presente documento tiene como objetivo caracterizar al proceso de crecimiento argentino durante el período 2003-2011 atendiendo especialmente a la dinámica del sector industrial, los cambios en su composición y el impacto de dichas trasformaciones en el mundo del trabajo (empleo, salarios, formalidad). Distintos estudios han procurado caracterizar este período haciendo hincapié en el desempeño de la industria manufacturera. Estos trabajos pueden agruparse en dos categorías: (i) los que analizan el impacto social del crecimiento económico (Peirano y otros, 2010; Lavopa, 2007; Cenda, 2010; Azpiazu y Schorr, 2010; Coatz y otros, 2011); y (ii) los que discuten la presencia o no de cambio estructural (Santarcángelo y otros, 2011; Fernández Bugna y Porta, 2008, Basualdo y otros, 2010; Roitter y otros, 2012). Se vislumbran dos consensos centrales en esta literatura: i) que en el período bajo análisis se registró una expansión importante en las actividades industriales intensivas en empleo, permitiendo la recomposición del empleo industrial en la Argentina; y (ii) que los rasgos generales de la estructura productiva —una especialización en actividades de bajo contenido tecnológico y menor complejidad relativa— tendieron a reproducirse más allá de algunas transformaciones marginales definidas por las trayectorias sectoriales específicas. En este documento buscamos contribuir a este debate profundizando la discusión acerca de la relación entre la dinámica tecnológica, la estructura productiva y su vinculación con la dinámica social. Para ello intentamos operacionalizar el siguiente interrogante: ¿el crecimiento de la economía argentina entre 2003 y 2011 estuvo asociado a una transformación basada en una mayor eficiencia dinámica, en la que la expansión de la oferta se retroalimenta con la expansión de la demanda y la difusión tecnológica, o estuvo basado en la eficiencia estática, asociada a la explotación de recursos naturales, sin mayor relación con el lado de la demanda interna ni vinculaciones sinérgicas con el resto del aparato productivo?

Ilegalismos, conflictos y prácticas de seguridad en la aplicación del Programa Comunidades Vulnerables; Ilegalities, conflicts and safety practices during the implementation of “Programa de Comunidades Vulnerables” Mancini, Inés María Este trabajo analiza un aspecto particular de la relación entre agentes estatales y jóvenes de sectores populares a partir de la aplicación de una política territorial. Nos referiremos a los modos en los que las formas de violencia urbana intervienen en el trabajo concreto de un programa que justamente busca prevenir la producción de delitos. Para ello analizaremos, a) los modos en los que la violencia y los delitos que pueden tener lugar en el contexto de una villa de emergencia afectan a los agentes de aplicación de esta política y b) los modos en los que los jóvenes beneficiarios interpretan y relatan hechos de violencia que tienen lugar en el barrio o en la ciudad (ya sean cometidos por ellos o por otros) y los efectos que estos relatos tienen en la relación con los agentes estatales.; This paper examines a particular aspect of the relationship between state actors and young people from popular sectors from the application of a territorial policy. We will refer to the ways in which forms of urban violence involved in the actual work of a program that seeks to prevent precisely the production of crime. We will analyze a) the ways in which violence and crimes that may occur in the context of a shanty-town affect implementation of this policy and b) the ways in which reports of violence are interpretated by state agents.

Indigenous Agency and Written Culture in the Jesuit Missions of Paraguay Wilde, Guillermo Luis Recent research has paid special attentionto the role played by indigenous elite in the production of texts and maps. Thediscovery of a large number of manuscripts made by indigenous authorities indifferent media and for diverse purposes, from council documents to personal accounts,calls into question old assumptions about indigenous passivity in the JesuitMissions. Evidence indicates that the skill of writing was important in the missions daily life, and that its practice was widespread among members of the indigenouselite. This article briefly explores some examples.

El debate sobre la supervisión financiera integrada: ¿Qué hay de nuevo?; The Debate on Integrated Financial Supervision: What is New? Demaestri, Edgardo; Ferro, Gustavo Adolfo Este trabajo discute la supervisión integrada de diferentes tipos de intermediarios financieros. Razones de estabilidad sistémica, protección al consumidor no sofisticado y promoción de la eficiencia del sistema justifican la regulación prudencial y de conducta teniendo en cuenta las fallas de los mercados financieros, generalmente de naturaleza informativa. Se debaten los argumentos a favor y en contra de la integración de la supervisión, el rol del banco central en la supervisión financiera y la discusión posterior a la crisis de 2008. Se revisa y analiza la literatura conceptual y empírica. Se presentan los consensos.; This article discusses the integrated financial supervision of different kinds of financial intermediaries. Systemic stability, non-sophisticated consumers protection and the efficiency enhancement have been advanced as explanations of prudential and conduct regulation. These are founded on financial markets failures, mainly because of asymmetric information. We debate pros and cons of integrating supervision, the role of the central bank in the financial supervision, and the more recent discussion in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. We review and analyze the conceptual and empirical literature, and present the current consensus.

El rol de la banca pública en el financiamiento a PyMEs: Estudio comparativo para la Argentina y Brasil; The Role of public banks in financing SMEs: Comparative study for Argentina and Brazil Villar, Luciana; Briozzo, Anahi Eugenia; Pesce, Gabriela; Fernández, Andrea El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar a nivel de empresa el rol de la banca pública como atenuador de fallas de mercado e instrumento de desarrollo. Se analizan características diferenciales de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en relación con su financiamiento a través de las bancas privada y pública, en forma comparada para la Argentina y Brasil. Los datos empleados provienen de la base World Enterprise Surveys del Banco Mundial. Los resultados se alinean con lo esperado y se observa que las empresas de menor tamaño tienen mayor probabilidad de tener créditos en la banca pública. Entre los resultados diferenciales entre países se destaca que en la Argentina incide negativamente pertenecer al sector industrial y tener un mayor porcentaje de las ventas dedicadas al mercado nacional, mientras que en Brasil hay un efecto negativo cuando la empresa es dirigida por una mujer.; The aim of this paper is to study at firm level the role of public banking as an attenuator of market failures and as development instrument. We analyze the differential characteristics of small and medium enterprises in relation to their funding through private and public banks, comparing Argentina and Brazil. We use the World Bank Enterprise Surveys database. The results are in line with expectations, showing that smaller companies are more likely to have loans in public banks. As differential results between countries, in Argentina the variables that show a negative effect are belonging to the industrial sector, and having a higher percentage of sales devoted to the domestic market. In contrast, in Brazil it adversely affects that the company director is a woman.

Daniel Moyano, archivo y experiencia de escritura Casarin, Marcelo; Vigna, Diego Germán El archivo del escritor argentino Daniel Moyano (Buenos Aires, 1930-Madrid, 1992) comenzó a conocerse en 2009, cuando un grupo de investigadores con el apoyo del Centre de Recherches Latino-américaines / Archivos de la Université de Poitiers accedió a la casa en la que el autor pasó sus últimos años, en la ciudad de Madrid. Allí se exploró un tesoro escondido para el mundo académico y cultural por casi 17 años. La obra de Moyano se distingue por una potencia creativa de múltiples aristas, que con todas sus riquezas y curiosidades ha sido el resultado de un singular recorrido experiencial, nutrido de muchos oficios. Moyano ha sido un escritor descolocado, en varios sentidos; fuera de lugar por las diversas experiencias de exilio y desarraigo que le tocaron vivir, y por lugares simbólicos que ocupó y dejó en relación al mercado editorial y por tanto al público. Los archivos de escritores son valiosos porque propician el diálogo entre obras publicadas y aquellos aspectos del trabajo que permanecen ocultos en la intimidad. Contienen información clave de la génesis de los textos bajo la forma de borradores, manuscritos, dactiloscritos, versiones digitales que permiten asistir a las vacilaciones del proceso de escritura de una obra en particular o de un conjunto de obras. Pero también suelen reunir otros documentos que dan cuenta de la vida civil y personal de los escritores, que testifican su paso por el mundo y los conectan de modo singular con su tiempo.; The archive of Argentine writer Daniel Moyano (Buenos Aires, 1930-Madrid, 1992) became known in 2009, when a group of researchers supported by the Centre de Recherches Latino-américaines / Archivos (Université de Poitiers) accessed the house in Madrid where the author spent his last years,. They explored a treasure that had been hidden from academic and cultural world for over 17 years. Moyano’s work is distinguished by a creative power of multiple edges, and with wealth and curiosities, it is the result of a singular experiential itinerary, nurtured by many trades. Moyano has been a dislocated writer in many ways. Misplaced by the diverse experiences of exile that he have lived, and by symbolic places which he occupied and left related with the publishing market and, therefore, with the public. The writers’ archives are valuable because they favor the dialogue between works already published and those aspects of the work that remain hidden in privacy. They contain information of the genesis of texts, in the form of drafts, manuscripts, digital versions, etc., showing the vacillations of the writing process from a particular work or a set of works. But usually there are other documents that account for the writer›s civil and personal life, which testify their passage through the world and connecting them in a singular way with their time.

Creatividad social y procesos de producción social: hacia una perspectiva etnográfica Balbi, Fernando Alberto La noción de creatividad social tiende a ser asociada a capacidades presuntamente universales atribuidas abstractamente a los seres humanos o a condiciones que se suponen inherentes a la acción social. Oponiéndome a ambas tendencias, en este artículo intento sentar las bases para un uso adecuado del concepto desde un punto de vista etnográfico, optando por tratar estrictamente a los seres humanos y a su acción como socialmente situados. A tal fin, propongo considerar la creatividad social como un aspecto de los procesos producción social, restringir los alcances del concepto a la introducción socialmente eficaz de novedades en la vida social, y determinar la novedad relativa de los hechos sociales apelando a criterios de carácter etnográfico.; The notion of social creativity tends to be associated either with supposedly universal capacities abstractly attributed to human beings, or with conditions that are postulated as inherent in all social action. In opposition to both trends, in this article I attempt to establish the basis for a proper use of the concept from an ethnographic point of view. As a starting point, I opt for strictly treating human beings and their action as socially situated. In order to accomplish my end, I suggest that we should consider social creativity as an aspect of the processes of social production, restrict the scope of the concept to the socially efficacious introduction of innovations in social life, and determine the relative novelty of social facts by appealing to ethnographic criteria.

José Luis Romero y la "ciudad Latinoamericana" Luis, Natalia Mabel Dentro del ciclo de la "ciudad latinoamericana", entendida como categoría de pensamiento que emergió y se sostuvo entre fines de 1940 y mediados de 1970, en el marco de la explosión urbana, ante la necesidad de definir una cualidad continental para la ciudad, Latinoamérica, las ciudades y las ideas (1976), de José Luis Romero, constituye una pieza clave.El autor estudia a partir de la ciudad, la historia política, económica y social de Latinoamérica. Para él, las categorías ciudad-campo, signan la historia latinoamericana, y, a partir de ellas, analiza la relación entre las ideas y la realidad concreta. En el capítulo "Las ciudades burguesas", muestra cómo durante el periodo 1880-1930, la vida urbana fue un reflejo de la adecuación o no a la nueva economía mundial. Aclaración: el artículo fue enviado en 2014, y aceptado y publicado en 2015, pero en la Revista aparece en el número 149, julio-diciembre de 2013.; Within the cycle of the "Latin American city", understood as a category of thought that emerged and was held between the end of 1940 and mid 1970's, in the framework of the urban explosion, to the need to define a continental quality for the city Latin America, the cities and ideas (1976), José Luis Romero, is a key part. The author studies from the city, the political, economic and social history of Latin America. For it, the categories ciudad-campo, mark Latin American history, and, from them, analyzes the relationship between ideas and the concrete reality. In the chapter "The bourgeois cities", shows how the period 1880-1930, urban life was a reflection of the appropriateness or not to the new global economy.

Indicadores Paleoindios en la Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina; Paleoindians indicators in the Entre Ríos Province (Argentina) Castro, Juan Carlos; Terranova, Enrique Daniel El presente trabajo da a conocer nuevos hallazgos arqueológicos en la provincia de Entre Ríos vinculados al poblamiento inicial americano. Se presentan tres artefactos líticos, dos puntas de proyectil y una piedra discoidal. Los hallazgos fueron realizados en distintos contextos; las puntas mediante tareas de prospección en el departamento Villaguay y el lito discoidal a partir de un trabajo sobre colecciones en el departamento Gualeguaychú. Estos hallazgos manifiestan la importancia potencial de la región en relación a la ocupación humana temprana, como ocurre en áreas circundantes donde las evidencias arqueológicas son abundantes.; In this work we presented new archaeological finds in the province of Entre Ríos, linked to the American settlement. Lithic artifacts are three, two projectile points and a discoidal stone. The findings were made in different contexts, the tips through tasks of prospecting in the Villaguay Department and discoidal stone from collections in the Gualeguaychú Department. These findings show the importance of the region in relation to early human occupation, as in surrounding areas where archaeological evidence are abundant.

Effects of stocking density and natural food availability on the extensive cage culture of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) in a shallow Pampean lake in Argentina Garcia, Javier Ricardo; Solimano, Patricio José; Maiztegui, Tomás; Baigún, Claudio Rafael M.; Colautti, Dario César An experiment was conducted for 80 days at La Salada de Monasterio Lake (Buenos Aires, Argentina) to assess the effect of stocking density and natural food availability on the growth and production of zooplanktivorous juveniles of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) in extensive cage culture. Ten cages were installed and stocked with 33-day-old fish, at three density treatments: 25, 50 and 75 ind. m-3. Zooplankton was analysed in terms of abundance, biomass and diversity considering three size classes. Caged pejerrey diet was assessed regularly. The pejerrey gut contents composition was clearly different from cage zooplankton, showing a trend to contain bigger components. Reared fish exhibited a tendency to diversification of the diet and to change the mean prey size depending on fish length and stocking density. Regression models showed a positive and direct effect of the bigger zooplankton biomass on fish growth rates, which were also inversely affected by the availability of smaller zooplankton. The results demonstrate that stocking density and available zooplankton, in both quantity and quality, are key factors in regulating extensive cage culture of pejerrey. Handling stocking densities in a dynamic way it is possible to maximize fish growth, biomass harvest or fish number according to the goals of production.

Los desafíos de Facebook : apuntes para el abordaje de las redes sociales como fuente; The challenges of Facebook. Notes for addressing social networks as a source Capogrossi, María Lorena; Magallanes Udovicich, Mariana Loreta; Soraire, Analia Florencia Este artículo es un primer intento de sistematizar la utilización de las redes sociales como fuente en las investigaciones en ciencias sociales a partir de un estudio de caso. Nos proponemos aquí señalar las limitaciones y potencialidades que tiene específicamente Facebook, los retos a los que se enfrenta el investigador cuando se dispone a utilizarlo y los desafíos éticos que depara el uso de la información que los usuarios de las comunidades virtuales publican en la red. Entre los ejes que consideramos necesario problematizar podemos mencionar, por un lado, la fiabilidad y la mutabilidad de la información, que son características intrínsecas del recurso técnico utilizado, y por el otro, la puesta en tensión de la idea de territorialidad y de la presencia física del investigador en el trabajo de campo. Estos aspectos de la cuestión generaron numerosos debates que derivaron en esta propuesta de sistematización que abre un abanico de preguntas que esperamos poder profundizar a partir de este análisis.; This paper is a first attempt to systematize the use of social networks as source in the social science research, from a case study. This proposal have like objective to observe the limitations and potentials that have the social networks, specifically Facebook, when they are used in social researches. We propose analyse the challenges facing the researcher when working with this type of source. At the same time, we’d like to problematize the ethical challenges arising from the use made of the information that users post on the social network. Among the axes that we consider necessary to analyze we can mention, on the one hand, the reliability and the mutability of information. Both are inherent characteristics of the technical device used. Secondly, we seek to question the idea of territoriality and the idea of physical presence of researcher in the field. These aspects of the question have generated numerous debates. Here, we will systematize a series of questions generated from these discussions.

Poliomyelitis in the City of Córdoba: Morbidity, Knowledge and the Research Performed by a Medical Elite in Argentinas Interior, 1943-1953 Carbonetti, Adrian; Aizenberg, Lila; Rodriguez, Maria Laura Our article will interrogate the connections between local medical science and knowledge produced in leading European countries, particularly in Sweden, and the United States. It will consider the kind of articles that were published in Córdoba, the sort of research was conducted there, and the link between knowledge produced elsewhere and local variables associated with the development of poliomyelitis. It should be understood that the receptive attitude displayed by members of the local medical community in Córdoba is closely linked to the sporadic appearance of fatal polio cases in the region from 1943 to 1952: the yearly totals of deaths attributed to this condition varied from year to year until the outbreak of an epidemic in 1952. This article will also comment on the city?s experience with massive immunization, both with the Salk vaccine, which contained killed viruses, and with the more efficient Sabin vaccine of 1963, both of which were, of course, named for eminent American scientists whose discoveries led to the initiation of the controlled phase of this disease epidemic. However, this article will not lose sight of the fact that although the biomedical science developed in Argentina was, from the nation?s founding, influenced by European scientists and European scientific discoveries, the processes by which this knowledge was received cannot be considered static. Our reading of these events holds that, along with the production dynamic of knowledge relating to poliomyelitis, other processes for the acquisition of knowledge were also emerging at this time at the local level. These processes are noteworthy because they involved investigative strategies that raised questions about a number of social issues, including some related to mortality, in an environment that would prove important to the study and development of medical science.

Towards broadening thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: Influence of organic solvents on the analytical signal of magnesium Morzan, Ezequiel Martin; Stripeikis, Jorge Daniel; Tudino, Mabel Beatriz This study demonstrates the influence of the solvent when thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) is employed for the determination of elements of low volatility, taking magnesium (Mg) as leading case. Several organic solvents/water solutions of different characteristics (density, surface tension, viscosity, etc.) and proportions were employed for the TS-FF-AAS analytical determination. To this end, solutions containing methanol, ethanol and isopropanol in water were assayed. Measurements were performed at different acetylene/air ratios of the combustion flame and then, the corresponding response surfaces were obtained. Methanol/water 75% v/v as carrier and a fuel rich flame were found as the most sensitive alternative.In the light of these findings and in order to explain the changes on the analytical signal, the influence of the solvent characteristics, the sample droplet size and the redox environment was studied. An estimation of the temperature of different zones of the heated flame furnace based on a modified signal ratio pyrometry method was analyzed for comparative purposes. A full discussion is provided throughout the paper.Once obtained the best conditions for analysis, Mg was determined in samples of effervescent vitamin tablets comparing two different solvents. The tablets were dissolved in methanol/water 75% v/v and ethanol/water 75% v/v and then, directly introduced in the TS device. The methanol/water 75% v/v dissolution yielded a slightly higher sensitivity when compared to ethanol/water and thus, the latter was selected due to its lower toxicity. The obtained figures of merit are: LOD (3σb): 0.021mgL-1; LOQ (10σb): 0.068mgL-1, sensitivity: 0.086Lmg-1; RSD%: 3.55, dynamic linear range 0.068-5mgL-1. Comparison of the results was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), showing a good agreement (95% confidence level, n=5). Whilst the FAAS approach needed sample mineralization as no complete solubility was attained with both alcohol/water solvents, TS allowed direct introduction of the sample with an excellent recovery of the analyte after spiking. The whole TS procedure was more economic (lower amount of reagents and wastings, lower time of operation) and faster (60h-1 sampling throughput) than FAAS.Nonetheless, the main objective of this work is to show that an analytical signal different from zero can be obtained for Mg via TS by simply choosing the adequate operational variables that allow an optimization of the mass transfer of the analyte into the atomizer and a favorable dynamics of desolvation/atomization.This approach could broad TS analytical capabilities to other elements of lower volatility as it is shown here for the case of Mg.

Descriptive analysis of viability of fuel saving in commercial aircraft through the application of photovoltaic cells Ramírez Díaz, Gabriel Alberto; Nadal Mora, Vicente Javier; Piechocki, Joaquín This paper presents the analysis of the technical feasibility to use a photovoltaic system to supply the electrical demand on two referential commercial aircraft, Airbus A340-300 and Cessna Conquest 441. The methodology approach comprises a process given by the selection of the photovoltaic technology, the calculation of the available solar radiation, the determination of the electrical demand, the layout definition of solar cells, the photovoltaic system capacity calculation, the estimation of the photovoltaic system weight, the estimation of fuel savings for photovoltaic system equipped aircrafts, and finally, the extrapolation of results to other aircrafts. The study concludes that the use of photovoltaic technology to supply power to the aircraft electrical system can result viable from the point of view of operational profitability, generating savings in fuel consumption. These fuel savings depend on the type of aircraft, the flying route and schedules of operation.