Consecuencias negativas de la organización androcéntrica de la política en varones parlamentarios de provincias con extensa trayectoria en leyes de paridad de género: El caso de Córdoba, Argentina; Negative consequences of the androcentric organization of politics in male parliamentarians from provinces with an extensive history of gender parity laws: The case of Córdoba, Argentina Francovich, Mila; Saletti, Lorena; Brussino, Silvina Alejandra El objetivo de la presente investigación fue explorar, desde la perspectiva de los parlamentarios varones, la existencia de cambios en la organización androcéntrica de la política en sistemas representativos con una larga trayectoria en la implementación de leyes de paridad de género, utilizando como caso de estudio la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina). Se llevaron a cabo 12 entrevistas con legisladores de diferentes partidos y se realizó un análisis temático con el software Atlas.ti. Los hallazgos indicaron que en sistemas políticos atravesados por leyes de paridad de género, existen variaciones en las experiencias masculinas en relación con la persistente organización androcéntrica de la política. Sin embargo, también se constató que, a pesar de identificar los efectos perjudiciales de dicha organización en sus vidas, los varones no modifican su comportamiento. Estos resultados sugieren que, aunque las leyes de paridad de género han facilitado avances significativos en la representación de mujeres en la esfera política institucional, no han logrado transformar la estructura organizacional diseñada para favorecer a los varones y perpetuar la desigualdad de género. Entre las limitaciones de este estudio se destaca su incapacidad para ser exhaustivo en la identificación y análisis de otras consecuencias negativas de la organización androcéntrica de la política que los parlamentarios varones puedan reconocer, así como en la comprensión de la variabilidad de la experiencia masculina frente a dicha organización tras la implementación de la ley de paridad de género.; The aim of this research was to explore, from the perspective of male parliamentarians, the existence of changes in the androcentric organization of politics in representative systems with a long history of implementing gender parity laws, using the province of Córdoba (Argentina) as a case study. Twelve interviews were conducted with legislators from different parties, and thematic analysis was performed using Atlas.ti software. The findings indicated that in political systems influenced by gender parity laws, there are variations in male experiences concerning the persistent androcentric organization of politics. However, it was also found that, despite identifying the detrimental effects of this organization in their lives, men do not change their behavior. These results suggest that although gender parity laws have facilitated significant advances in the representation of women in the institutional political sphere, they have not managed to transform the organizational structure designed to favor men and perpetuate gender inequality. Among the limitations of this study is its inability to be exhaustive in identifying and analyzing other negative consequences of the androcentric organization of politics that male parliamentarians may recognize, as well as in understanding the variability of male experiences in relation to this organization following the implementation of gender parity laws.

Lucrecia Martel, escribidora de cartas; Lucrecia Martel, letter writer; Lucrecia Martel, écrivaine prolifique de lettres Kratje, Julia En el cine de Lucrecia Martel, la literatura recibe un tratamiento acústico antes que visual, mientras que en sus cartas aparecen reverberaciones que provienen tanto del cine como de la literatura para abrirse paso como una cineasta implicada en el presente. Si la escritura cristaliza la palabra hablada y la imprenta termina de incrustarla en el espacio visual, tanto las películas como los discursos públicos de Martel, manifiestos en el género epistolar por excelencia, toman el camino inverso: las palabras no son arrancadas del arco sonoro, donde tuvieron su origen en el intercambio humano activo, para relegarlas al orden visual.; Dans le cinéma de Lucrecia Martel, la littérature reçoit un traitement acoustique plutôt que visuel, tandis que dans ses lettres apparaissent des réverbérations venues à la fois du cinéma et de la littérature pour se frayer un chemin en tant que cinéaste impliquée dans le présent. Si l’écriture cristallise la parole et que l’imprimerie finit de l’incruster dans l’espace visuel, les films de Martel comme les discours publics, manifestes dans le genre épistolaire par excellence, prennent le chemin inverse : les mots ne sont pas arrachés à l’arc sonore, où ils ont leur origine dans un échange humain actif, pour les reléguer à l’ordre visuel.; In Lucrecia Martel’s cinema, literature receives an acoustic treatment rather than a visual one, while in her letters reverberations appear to come from both cinema and literature to make her way as a filmmaker involved in the present. If writing crystallizes the spoken word and the printed press finishes embedding it in the visual space, both Martel’s films and public speeches, manifested in the epistolary genre par excellence, take the opposite path: the words are not torn from the sound sphere, where they had their origin in active human exchange, to relegate them to the visual order.

La Eucaristía en el Libro I del Pedagogo de Clemente de Alejandría; The Eucharist in Book I of the Pedagogue of Clement of Alexandria Druille, Paola Ivone El objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar el pensamiento eucarístico presente en el Libro I del Pedagogo de Clemente de Alejandría a partir de tres problemáticas. En primer lugar, examinaremos los simbolismos proféticos arraigados en prefiguraciones del Antiguo Testamento, las cuales actúan como anticipaciones de la Eucaristía en el Nuevo Testamento. En segundo lugar, nos adentraremos en la noción de la Eucaristía como alimento espiritual, mostrando la conexión intrínseca entre la naturaleza divina, la humanidad encarnada de Cristo y el pneûma como el medio para el acceso al conocimiento de verdades teológicas. Por último, exploraremos interpretaciones adicionales relacionadas con las dos problemáticas anteriores. Estas interpretaciones buscan recuperar referencias de simbolismos anticipatorios y espirituales mediante un análisis de referencias bíblicas significativas.; The aim of our paper is to study the Eucharistic thought present in Book I of the Pedagogue of Clement of Alexandria based on three problems. First, we will examine the prophetic symbolism rooted in Old Testament prefigurations, whichact as anticipations of the Eucharist in the New Testament. Secondly, we will delvein to the notion of the Eucharist as spiritual food, showing the intrinsic connection between the divine nature, the incarnate humanity of Christ and the pneûma as the means to access the knowledge of theologicaltruths. Finally, wewill explore additional interpretations related to the two previous problems. These interpretations seek to recover references of anticipatory and spiritual symbolism through a careful analysis of significant biblical references.

Producción de textos argumentativos en educación secundaria de acuerdo con el desempeño en comprensión: una aproximación psicolingüística; Writing of argumentative texts in secondary education according to performance in reading comprehension: a psycholinguistic approach Chimenti, María de Los Ángeles; Abusamra, Valeria La lectura y la escritura son habilidades lingüísticas culturales fundamentales para el éxito académico. Si bien producir un texto es una actividad cognitivamente más costosa que comprenderlo, ambas actividades comparten componentes lingüísticos y cognitivos subyacentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si existen diferencias en las características de los textos argumentativos producidos por estudiantes de escuela secundaria de acuerdo con su desempeño en comprensión. Para ello, se evaluó a 59 estudiantes argentinos con una prueba de comprensión y otra de producción de textos argumentativos. Sobre la base de la primera, se identificó un subgrupo de alto y otro de bajo desempeño en comprensión. Mientras que el subgrupo de bajo desempeño en comprensión escribió sin considerar los aspectos retóricos involucrados en la consigna, el subgrupo de alto desempeño en comprensión produjo textos argumentativos que resultaron, en general, más adecuados y de mayor calidad. Estos hallazgos constituyen un aporte al estudio de los vínculos entre comprensión y producción de textos, un área insuficientemente desarrollada en la investigación en español. Además, pueden contribuir a la formulación de estrategias de enseñanza, en particular para estudiantes de escuela secundaria con dificultades.; Reading and writing are fundamental cultural language skills crucial for academic success. Although writing a text is cognitively more demanding than reading, both activities share underlying linguistic and cognitive components. This paper aims to determine whether differences exist in the characteristics of argumentative texts produced by secondary school students based on their reading comprehension performance. To this end, 59 Argentinean students were evaluated using a comprehension test and an argumentative text production test. Based on the comprehension test results, subgroups of high and low comprehension performance were identified. The low comprehension subgroup produced texts without considering the rhetorical aspects of the task, while the high comprehension subgroup wrote more adequate and higher quality argumentative texts. These findings contribute to the study of the relationship between comprehension and text production, an area insufficiently developed in Spanish research. Additionally, they may inform the development of teaching strategies, particularly for secondary school students facing difficulties.

El rol de los agentes del campo cultural en la custodia y producción de colecciones arqueológicas del Área de Ventania (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina); The role of agents in the cultural field in the custody and production of archaeological collections in the Ventania Area (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) Oliva, Camila Este trabajo investiga el impacto del coleccionismo arqueológico en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, específicamente en los municipios de Tornquist, Saavedra y Puan, ubicados en el área arqueológica de Ventania. La investigación analiza cómo los coleccionistas e investigadores aficionados han influido en la creación y desarrollo de museos locales, así como en la preservación del patrimonio arqueológico de comunidades cazadoras-recolectoras del Holoceno medio. La metodología incluyó estudios biográficos, entrevistas en profundidad con coleccionistas y aficionados, relevamiento de exposiciones museísticas y análisis de redes para entender las conexiones entre actores e instituciones. Los resultados destacan el papel fundamental de estos actores locales como custodios y difusores del patrimonio arqueológico, quienes, a través de sus colecciones y conocimientos, han contribuido significativamente a la preservación y divulgación de la historia regional, aunque fuera del ámbito académico formal. Este estudio aporta una perspectiva crítica sobre la gestión, conservación e investigación del patrimonio arqueológico local.

Imágenes tergiversadas: Plataformas digitales y colectivos artísticos erráticos; Distorted images: Digital platforms and erratic art collectives Martinelli, Lucas Sebastián El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los modos en los que en el campo de experimentación estético produce la posibilidad de impugnar los usos de los dispositivos tecnológicos y las nuevas formas de subjetividad vinculadas con las interacciones en las plataformas, para observar la posibilidad de subversión en las mismas. Las imágenes tergiversadas refieren al marco visual de las plataformas que aparecen en el arte como una forma de apelar al malestar de lo digital. Por eso este artículo comienza con un panorama del uso de los datos y las maneras contemporáneas de entender la relación entre las plataformas, las imágenes y los archivos digitales; para luego centrarse en cada uno de los casos a analizar. El video experimental y las prácticas del colectivo Suavecitxs Arf, la obra de danza Coreografías de la vergüenza con sus paratextos y la película El auge de lo humano 3 son tres propuestas artísticas muy distintas que tienen en común los rasgos de disconformidad con el mundo digital en el que cohabitan. A su vez, se trata de objetos paralelos a un conjunto de prácticas de intercambio entre colectivos artísticos que están en tránsito constante entre el mundo material y virtual.; The objective of this article is to reflect on the ways in which the field of aesthetic experimentation produces the possibility of contesting the uses of technological devices and the new forms of subjectivity linked to interactions on platforms, to observe the possibility of subversion. The distorted images refer to the visual framework of the platforms that appear in art as a way of appealing to the discomfort about the digital. That is why this article begins with an overview of the use of data and contemporary ways of understanding the relationship between platforms, images and digital files; and then focus on each of the cases to be analyzed. The experimental video and practices of the Suavecitxs Arf collective, the dance work Coreografías de la vergüenza with its paratexts and the film The Rise of the Human 3 are three very different artistic proposals that have in common the traits of disagreement with the digital world in the one they cohabit. At the same time, these are objects parallel to a set of exchange practices between artistic collectives that are in constant transit between the material and virtual world.

Alamandine, a protective component of the renin-angiotensin system, reduces cellular proliferation and interleukin-6 secretion in human macrophages through MasR–MrgDR heteromerization Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía; Silva, Mauro Gastón; Erra Diaz, Fernando Alberto; Pineda, Angélica M.; Ferragut, Fatima Eneida del Valle; Gomez, Karina Andrea; Mazzitelli, Luciana Romina; Gonzalez Maglio, Daniel Horacio; Nuñez, Myriam; Santos, Robson A.S.; Grecco, Hernan Edgardo; Gironacci, Mariela Mercedes Alamandine (ALA) exerts protective effects similar to angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) through Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor type D receptor (MrgDR) activation, distinct from Mas receptor (MasR). ALA induces anti-inflammatory effects in mice but its impact in human macrophages remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ALA in human macrophages. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were measured by ELISA in human THP-1 macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Consequences of MasR-MrgDR heteromerization were investigated in transfected HEK293T cells. ALA decreased IL-6 and IL-1β secretion in LPS-activated THP-1 macrophages. The ALA-induced decrease in IL-6 but not in IL-1β was prevented by MasR blockade and MasR downregulation, suggesting MasR-MrgDR interaction. In human monocyte-derived M1 macrophages, ALA decreased IL-1β secretion independently of MasR. MasR-MrgDR interaction was confirmed in THP-1 macrophages, human monocyte-derived macrophages, and transfected HEK293T cells. MasR and MrgDR formed a constitutive heteromer that was not influenced by ALA. ALA promoted Akt and ERK1/2 activation only in cells expressing MasR-MrgDR heteromers, and this effect was prevented by MasR blockade. While Ang-(1-7) reduced cellular proliferation in MasR -but not MrgDR- expressing cells, ALA antiproliferative effect was elicited in cells expressing MasR-MrgDR heteromers. ALA also induced an antiproliferative response in THP-1 cells and this effect was abolished by MasR blockade, reinforcing MasR-MrgDR interaction. MasR-MrgDR heteromerization is crucial for ALA-induced anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative responses in human macrophages. This study broaden our knowledge of the protective axis of the RAS, thus enabling novel therapeutic approaches in inflammatory-associated diseases.

Incidence of agroecological-based practices in urban vegetable gardens: effect on crop diversity and production levels de Paz, Manuel; Nabaes Jodar, Diego Nicolás; Ocariz, María Paula; Mantiñan, Camila; Raffo, Fernando; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro Agroecological-based practices (ABPs) play a vital role in urban vegetable gardens,enhancing the quality of life. However, factors driving ABP implementation and theirimpact on crop production and diversity are not fully understood. Our study assessedthe influence of socio-economic and environmental characteristics on ABP adoption,crop diversity, and totalTotal weight vegetable production in San Carlos de Bariloche,Argentina. Through interviews and a multi-model inference approach, we found thatABP implementation is tied to gardener experience and formative assets (e.g.,horticultural experience, specific trainingcapacitation). Crop diversity, integral to ABP,is affected by farming practices and farmer characteristics (Farm animals, Pollinator-friendlyFriendly pollinator practices, Experience, Additional training andEnvironmental knowledge). The Totaltotal weight produced was primarily influencedby the type of garden, the gardener´s experience and some ABPs. Long-standingcommercial and community objectives, and the use of farm animals and commercialseed led to greater production. Strengthening key drivers, such as farmer training,through public policies (e.g., income generation, financing, specific training, landaccess) can bolster the role of urban gardens in providing a healthy environment andpromoting food sovereignty.

Wearable Device Dataset from Induced Stress and Structured Exercise Sessions This original dataset contains physiological signals collected during structured acute stress induction and aerobic and anaerobic exercise sessions using a wearable device. Blood volume pulse, motion-based activity, skin temperature, and electrodermal activity were recorded with the Empatica E4, a research-grade wearable. The stress induction protocol involved math and emotional tasks designed to provoke stress responses, interleaved with rest periods. Self-reported stress levels were also recorded during this procedure. For the exercise sessions, distinct routines on a stationary bike were created for aerobic and anaerobic activities. The dataset includes records from 36 healthy volunteers for stress sessions, 30 for aerobic exercise, and 31 for anaerobic exercise. By examining the variations in physiological signals, the effects of these activities can be analyzed. This dataset is a valuable resource for research on stress and exercise detection and classification.

Catastro de cavidades de la zona de Malargüe La información que contiene este cuadro fue publicada en un medio de circulación acotada por la Federación Argentina de espeleología (FAdE) con sede en Malargüe. Es posible que en algunas localizaciones existan errores de coordenadas. este registro es útil a los fines de conocer cuantitativamente las cavernas y aleros identificados en el departamento de Malargüe. En el artículo "Malargüe (Argentina): extractivismo y disputa por bienes comunes" se aborda de forma secundaria la relevancia de la espeleología en el sur mendocino y su estrecha relación con la circulación de agua.

Plataformas petroleras costa este río Grande I (Malargüe) Relevamiento por medio de la herramienta Argenmap (IGN) de las plataformas petroleras existentes en el este del río Grande (Malargüe). Se midieron el perímetro y superficie de las plataformas y sus correspondientes centroides. Se contabilizaron un total de 571 plataformas (puede haber un límite de error en el conteo).

Plataformas petroleras zona Cerro Fortunoso (Malargüe) Relevamiento efectuado usando la herramienta de Argenmap (IGN) para contabilizar y medir las plataformas petroleras en el área de Cerro Fortunoso (Malargüe) en cercanías del área protegida provincial de La Payunia. Esta información se triangula con trabajo de campo donde se obtuvieron entrevistas con habitantes que crecieron en las inmediaciones y fotografías de la infraestructura que es parte de la actividad hidrocarburífera. En este lugar se contabilizaron (puede haber un límite de error) 234 plataformas. Se identifico su centroide y se midieron las superficies y perímetros.

Competitive ability of three native grass species during establishment Scarfó, María Cecilia; Rodriguez, Dana Aylen; Milano, Clara; Loydi, Alejandro Weed resistance is highly desirable in seed used for restoration. Therefore, assessing the competitiveness of target species during germination and establishment stages would help to plan effective restoration projects. Our study aims to assess the impact of competition in seedling establishment, height, leaf number, and aerial biomass of three native perennial forage grasses with different seed sizes. We conducted a competition experiment under greenhouse conditions with three native species Nassella longiglumis, N. tenuis and Piptochaetium napostaense), and one exotic annual species (Avena barbata). Two competition levels were established (with and without A. barbata) and two seeding densities for the perennial species were defined (15 and 30 seeds per pot). Established seedlings, leaf number, height and aerial biomass were measured. Seedling establishment was affected by competition only for N. tenuis. For all three species, N. longiglumis, with the larger seed size, was the least affected by competition. Competition reduced seedling biomass for all three species, with N. longiglumis, with the larger seed size, being the least affected. Increasing seeding density has little effect on the aerial biomass of the weed.The co-occurrence of native perennial species and the annual species A. barbata severely reduces growth, therefore it is important to implement management practices to control annual exotic species and effectively restore grassland ecosystems.

Fumonisins in infant cereals marketed as complementary food in Argentina Cendoya, Eugenia; Nichea, Maria Julia; Romero Donato, Cindy Johana; Zachetti, Vanessa Gimena Lourdes; Monge, Maria del Pilar; Ramirez, Maria Laura Infant cereals are typically the first foods introduced as complementary foods. Cereals used to elaborate complementary foods, such as wheat, maize and rice, are susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Among mycotoxins, fumonisins have been epidemiologically associated, in humans, with oesophageal cancer, neural tube defects and stunting. Fumonisins have been found in maize and wheat grains in Argentina. In the present study, a survey was conducted to determine their occurrence in 82 wheat-based and multicereal-based infant cereal items collected from retail stores in Rio Cuarto, Argentina, using HPLC-MS. Of these samples, 84% showed FBs contamination with levels ranging from 0.05 to 992 μg/kg). Although FB1 was the most prevalent fumonisin, FB2 was found at higher levels. Most samples had levels below the limit of 200 μg/kg set for Argentinean cereal products for children. The outcome of this survey provides information on the naturally presence of fumonisin in infant cereal intended for children in Argentina, which can be helpful to consider relevant monitoring programmes.

Design of the tertiary optical system for the Large Latin American Millimeter Array radio telescope Rasztocky, Emiliano; Hampel, Matias Rolf; Reeves, Rodrigo; Lepine, Jacques R.D.; Romero, Gustavo Esteban Many modern radio telescopes employ an observational strategy that involves maximizing the use of their available spaces (cabins), outfitting them with various receivers at different frequencies to detect incoming signals from the sky simultaneously or individually. The Large Latin American Millimeter Array is a joint venture between Argentina and Brazil consisting of the installation and operation of a 12-m aperture Cassegrain telescope. It features three available cabins for instrumentation and plans to install six single-pixel heterodyne receivers, covering different bandwidths in the 30 to 950 GHz window of the electromagnetic spectrum, in its two lateral Nasmyth cabins at different phases of the project. Therefore, it is crucial not only to design a tertiary optical system that couples the antenna beam to those receivers but also to do it in a scalable way. The primary goal for the design is to simultaneously maximize the antenna efficiency while minimizing optical aberrations for all receivers, both fundamental aspects for the optimal functioning of cutting-edge astronomical instruments. We present the entire design process, starting from the quasi-optical approach based on the propagation of a fundamental Gaussian beam mode, continuing with the validation of the design based on physical optics simulations, and ending with a tolerance analysis of the system. As a result of this process, a frequency-independent tertiary optical system has been achieved for almost all the receivers, which is expected to provide high optical performance for the radio telescope.

A supervised data-driven spatial filter denoising method for speech artifacts in intracranial electrophysiological recordings Peterson, Victoria; Vissani, Matteo; Luo, Shiyu; Rabbani, Qinwan; Crone, Nathan E.; Bush, Alan; Richardson, R. Mark Neurosurgical procedures that enable direct brain recordings in awake patients offer unique opportunities to explore the neurophysiology of human speech. The scarcity of these opportunities and the altruism of participating patients compel us to apply the highest rigor to signal analysis. Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) signals recorded during overt speech can contain a speech artifact that tracks the fundamental frequency (F0) of the participant’s voice, involving the same high-gamma frequencies that are modulated during speech production and perception. To address this artifact, we developed a spatial-filtering approach to identify and remove acoustic-induced contaminations of the recorded signal. We found that traditional reference schemes jeopardized signal quality, whereas our data-driven method denoised the recordings while preserving underlying neural activity.

Selected farm-level crop protection practices in Europe and Argentina: Opportunities for moving toward sustainable use of pesticides Mark, Jennifer; Fantke, Peter; Soheilifard, Farshad; Alcon, Francisco; Contreras, Josefa; Abrantes, Nelson; Campos, Isabel; Baldi, Isabelle; Bureau, Mathilde; Alaoui, Abdallah; Christ, Florian; Mandrioli, Daniele; Sgargi, Daria; Pasković, Igor; Pasković, Marija Polić; Glavan, Matjaz; Hofman, Jakub; Harkes, Paula; Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta; Norgaard, Trine; Aparicio, Virginia Carolina; Schlünssen, Vivi; Vested, Anne; Silva, Vera; Geissen, Violette; Tamm, Lucius Extensive use of plant protection products (PPP) in the last decades contributes to negative impacts on ecosystems, animals and humans. For the strategies of PPP reduction and replacement of hazardous pesticides, farm-level data on agronomic management practices and crop protection applications are crucial. In this study, we strategically collected data for the 2021 season at the SPRINT project case study sites (CSS) in 10 European countries and Argentina, on perennial, arable and vegetable crops. Data collection included strategically selected farm and field data, pesticide records and farming practices. Results involved more than 1700 recorded PPP applications across various crops with more than 170 different active substances from PPP in organic, integrated pest management and conventional farming practices. We explored differences in application patterns (fungicides, insecticides, herbicides and non-PPP, e.g. adjuvants, growth regulators, and fertilizers) between and within crops, countries and farming systems and calculated the costs of PPP use. The pesticide dosages applied during the crop season varied up to a factor of 20 around recommended doses. Regarding the costs of PPPs use perennial crops had the highest costs per ha crop production area. Finally, we analysed the active substances applied in different farming systems in terms of their hazard statements. Our results shed light on how PPPs are used across different crop and farming types and will help elucidate how pesticide application patterns can be changed in the future. Finally, we highlighted non-PPP use practices which help to reduce dependency on PPP use. This might be used to support decision-making and policies within agricultural advisory/support systems.

Influencia de la calidad del agua y del abono sobre las fracciones orgánicas en suelos de La Pampa; Water quality and manure influence on organic fractions of La Pampa soils Huespe, Daiana Susana; Galantini, Juan Alberto; Baraldi, Luciano Martin; Alvarez, Cristian El uso de agua salina en sistemas hortícolas degrada el suelo y reduce la productividad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar cómo el agua de diferente calidad y la aplicación de abono orgánico afectan la productividad de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) y las fracciones de carbono orgánico en dos suelos de diferentes texturas característicos del centro de La Pampa. Se evaluó el cultivo de lechuga en dos suelos, uno arenoso y otro franco arenoso. El tratamiento principal se regó con agua de conductividad eléctrica de 1,0 (baja salinidad) y 2,0 (alta salinidad) dS m-1. Se fertilizó con una dosis de 100 kg N ha-1, usando tres combinaciones de las fuentes abono orgánico y urea: C0 (100:0), C2 (70:30) y C4 (40:60). Se evaluaron cuatro ciclos consecutivos durante los años 2020 y 2021. Se analizó: materia seca de raíces (MSR), aérea (MSA) y total (MST), la relación MSA/MSR, la eficiencia de uso del agua y la tasa de crecimiento. Se determinó el carbono orgánico (CO) total (COT) y el CO particulado (COP). Al evaluar el efecto acumulado se observó una interacción significativa entre el suelo de textura arenosa y el de textura franco arenosa (p<0,05). En el suelo arenoso el valor máximo de MST (1504 kg ha-1) se obtuvo con agua de CE de 1,0 dS m-1 con una disminución de 18% cuando se regó con agua con CE de 2,0 dS m-1. Mientras que, en el suelo franco arenoso el valor máximo de MST (1385 kg ha-1) se obtuvo con agua de 1,0 dS m-1 con una disminución de 54% cuando se regó con agua con CE de 2,0 dS m-1. En el suelo franco arenoso la aplicación de abono orgánico ayudó a mitigar el efecto del agua salina en las variables MST , MSA y MSR. Los cambios en el COP producidos por los tratamientos fueron diferentes en ambos suelos. Los índices de labilidad fueron más sensibles en el suelo arenoso para evidenciar cambios asociados al manejo. El índice de carbono orgánico fue sensible para evidenciar diferencias en el suelo franco arenoso. La textura del suelo condiciona la respuesta a la aplicación de agua y abono orgánico.; The use of saline water in horticultural systems degrades soil and reduces productivity. The objective of this study was to analyze how irrigation water quality and the application of organic manure affect lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) productivity and organic carbon fractions in characteristic on two soils of different textures of central La Pampa province. Lettuce cultivation was evaluated in two soils, one sandy and one sandy loam soils. The main treatment was irrigation with water of contrasting electrical conductivity (CE): 1.0 (low salinity) and 2.0 (high salinity) dS m-1. Fertilization was carried out at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1, using three combinations of organic manure and urea sources: C0 (100:0), C2 (70:30) and C4 (40:60). Four consecutive cycles were evaluated during the years 2020 and 2021. The following variables were analyzed: root dry matter (MSR), aboveground dry matter (MSA) and total dry matter (MST), the MSA/MSR ratio, water use efficiency and growth rate. Total (COT) and particulate (COP) organic carbon were determined. When evaluating the cumulative effect, a significant interaction was observed between the sandy textured soil and the sandy loam soil (p < 0.05). In the sandy soil, the maximum MST value (1504 kg ha-1) was obtained under low salinity irrigation water, in comparison with a decrease of 18% when irrigated with water with an CE of 2.0 dS m-1. In contrast, in the sandy loam soil the maximum MST value (1385 kg ha-1) was obtained with low salinity water with a decrease of 54% when irrigated with water with CE of 2.0 dS m-1. In such soil, the application of organic manure helped mitigate the effect of saline water on the MST , MSA and MSR variables. The changes in the COP produced by the treatments were different in each soil. The lability indexes were more sensitive to management practices in the sandy soil. The organic carbon index was sensitive to show differences in sandy loam soil. Soil texture determines the response of lettuce to the application of water and organic manure.

“Yo escuché hablar a Borges”: Una experiencia desde la historia oral Favero, Bettina Este artículo resume la experiencia del proyecto de investigación “Las conferencias de Borges”, dirigido por la doctora Mariela Blanco. A partir del año 1949, Jorge Luis Borges comenzó a dictar conferencias y clases en distintas ciudades del país, llegando a un público que en muchas ocasiones no lo había leído. Así, el Borges de la escritura se transformó en un Borges “oral” que, con su forma de hablar, sus tonos de voz y sus gestos, llegó a un público más amplio y se hizo, de alguna manera, más humano...

Modulation optimization when using a splitter pump after the first dimension in comprehensive two- dimensional liquid chromatography Acquaviva, Agustín; Castells, Cecilia Beatriz Marta The rapid growth in the use of two dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) applied to the analysis of moderately to highly complex mixtures, has been fueled by continuous improvements in performance and robustness of the instrument components, as well as the ease-of-use of software necessary for controlling the 2D-LC instrument hardware, and analysis of the large data files that result from this type of work.This work has focused on the evaluation of the performance of an online full comprehensive mode (LC×LC), when an active modulation is implemented using a flow splitter pump placed after the 1D effluent. Two different types of splitting pumps were evaluated: a binary ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) pump and a high precision syringe pump. We analyzed the performance (reproducibility in peak area and retention times and the 2D peak dispersion) as a function of the location of the active pump Before or After the modulation valve, and the influence of connecting tubes (based on internal diameter and length) necessary between the interface, waste, and the splitting pump. The effect on the flow direction on the filling and flushing of the injection loops at the modulation valve was also analyzed for each pump.In this study, we demonstrate that flow-splitting LCxLC assembly can be performed using either a UHPLC binary pump or a simple syringe pump. Flow splitting after the first dimension is a straightforward strategy to: (i) independently select the 1D column and flow rates with respect to the second dimension; (ii) consciously dilute the eluate according to the solvent characteristics of the second dimension, thereby avoiding 2D peak distortions; and (iii) adapt the injected amount to the second column according to the relative concentration of the components in a complex sample. However, careful consideration of the system setup is necessary. It is demonstrated how experimental results can be significantly affected in terms of peak broadening and reproducibility if optimization of the interface is not taken into account.In addition, under the optimized conditions, the reproducibility in peak area and dispersion in the 2D dimension were evaluated as a function of the amount of sample transferred in terms of percentage of filled loop