Mujeres bolivianas y peruanas en la migración hacia Argentina: especificidades de las trayectorias laborales en el servicio doméstico remunerado en Córdoba; Bolivian and Peruvian women in migration to Argentina: specificities of career paths in paid domestic work in Córdoba Magliano, Maria Jose; Perissinotti, María Victoria; Zenklusen, Denise El propósito de este artículo es analizar, a partir de incorporar una mirada comparativa, las especificidades en los modos de inserción laboral en el servicio doméstico remunerado de las mujeres bolivianas y peruanas en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. El hecho de retomar una mirada comparativa brinda herramientas para reflexionar sobre la manera en que el origen nacional, conjuntamente con el género y la clase social, se convierte en un factor condicionante de las trayectorias y estrategias laborales de las mujeres migrantes en Argentina. El desarrollo de este trabajo se sustenta en una metodología cualitativa, basada en entrevistas en profundidad con mujeres bolivianas y peruanas que residían en la ciudad de Córdoba al momento de esta investigación.; This article analyzes, from a comparative perspective, the distinctive features of the labour trajectories in paid domestic work of Bolivian and Peruvian women in the city of Cordoba, Argentina. A comparative perspective allows thinking about the ways in which national origin, together with gender and social class, becomes a central aspect of the labour trajectories and strategies of migrant women in Argentina. The methodology chosen to carry out this paper is qualitative, based on interviews with Bolivian and Peruvian women living in Cordoba city at the moment of this research.

El sentido de territorialidad en Argentina: cuidar un lugar para cuidarnos; Territoriality sense in Argentina: preserving our space as a way of preserving ourselves Soraire, Analia Florencia; Trimano, Luciana Geraldine Abordar el cuidado del lugar donde se vive en sintonía con la búsqueda y el logro de bienestar, posibilita dimensionar la preocupación por llevar adelante una vida sana frente a la dinámica destructiva de las tendencias hegemónicas de producción, donde el ambiente es significado como recurso natural. Las estrategias emprendidas para protegerse y cuidarse, tanto a modo individuo como colectivo, incluyen también la búsqueda de otro tipo de interacción con el medio que se habita. Al ser la significación del ambiente como lugar sagrado una de ellas, encontramos en la emergencia de la Pachamama (Madre Tierra)la clave de lectura que articula el cuidar un lugar para cuidarnos. En este sentido,ciertas prácticas alimentarias y acciones conjuntas que se emprenden en aras de defender y cuidar la tierra (y cuidarnos), son indicadores de las diferentes formas de búsqueda para sentirse bien.Recurrimos entonces, a dos etnografías en Argentina que dan cuenta de los cuestionamientos que nos generan las luchas contra la mega-minería a cielo abierto en Catamarca y contra la instalación de Monsanto en Córdoba.; To address the place where we live along with the quest and the attainment of wellness enables us to dimension the concerns around having a healthy life in light of the destructive dynamics of the prevailing production trends, in which the environment is, signified as a mere “natural resource”. The strategies adopted to preserve and care for oneself, as individual and within a collective setting, also include the pursuit of another type of integration with the means we inhabit. When we signify the environment as a sacred means, we come across the emergence of the “Pachamama” –Mother Earth, Gaia–, the interpretation key articulating the concept to “care for a place to care for us”. It is in this sense that certain feeding practices and joint actions are taken aiming at defending and preserving the Earth (and ourselves), and constitute indicators of the different ways to pursue what we mean by “feeling well”. We then turn to two ethnographies in Argentina which account for the questionings triggered by the fight against surface mega-mining practices in Catamarca and against the arrival of Monsanto in Córdoba.

QM/MM study of the C-C coupling reaction mechanism of CYP121, an essential Cytochrome p450 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dumas, Victoria Gisel; Defelipe, Lucas Alfredo; Petruk, Ariel Alcides; Turjanski, Adrian; Marti, Marcelo Adrian Among 20 p450s of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt), CYP121 has received an outstanding interest, not only due to its essentiality for bacterial viability but also because it catalyzes an unusual carbon-carbon coupling reaction. Based on the structure of the substrate bound enzyme, several reaction mechanisms were proposed involving first Tyr radical formation, second Tyr radical formation, and C?C coupling. Key and unknown features, being the nature of the species that generate the first and second radicals, and the role played by the protein scaffold each step. In the present work we have used classical and quantum based computer simulation methods to study in detail its reaction mechanism. Our results show that substrate binding promotes formation of the initial oxy complex, Compound I is the responsible for first Tyr radical formation, and that the second Tyr radical is formed subsequently, through a PCET reaction, promoted by the presence of key residue Arg386. The final C-C coupling reaction possibly occurs in bulk solution, thus yielding the product in one oxygen reduction cycle. Our results thus contribute to a better comprehension of MtCYP121 reaction mechanism, with direct implications for inhibitor design, and also contribute to our general understanding of these type of enzymes.

La paleoflora de la Formación Ituzaingó, Argentina; The paleoflora of the Ituzaingó Formation, Argentina Franco, María Jimena; Brea, Mariana; Orfeo, Oscar; Zucol, Alejandro Fabian Los estudios paleobotánicos de la Formación Ituzaingó (Plioceno–Pleistoceno) se basan en registros de esporomorfos, impresiones foliares, cutículas, basidiocarpos, leños, estípites y cañas fósiles, hallados en diversas localidades fosilíferas de las provincias de Entre Ríos y Corrientes, Argentina. Estos antecedentes revelan una rica y diversa flora, caracterizada por la presencia de representantes del Reino Fungi y de las familias Cyatheaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Azollaceae, Pteridaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, Podocarpaceae, Winteraceae, Lauraceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygoneaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Proteaceae, Celastraceae, Aquifoliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Malphigiaceae, Compositae, Poaceae (Bambusoideae), Cyperaceae y Arecaceae. Los trabajos realizados previamente en la Formación Ituzaingó postularon la existencia de paleocomunidades probablemente compuestas por bosques en galería, sabanas, condiciones lacunares y bosques xerófilos. De acuerdo a las nuevas evidencias, se postula además que la flora de esta formación se encontraría estrechamente vinculada a los Bosques Secos Estacionales Neotropicales (BSEN) y se desarrollaba en un clima tropical-subtropical. Con la finalidad de establecer similitudes y diferencias, la paleoflora de la Formación Ituzaingó fue comparada con floras coetáneas de la región, en particular con las formaciones Andalhuala y El Palmar, sumadas a otras floras fósiles portadoras de leños permineralizados del Cenozoico de Brasil. Los géneros presentes en la Formación Ituzaingó se relacionaban con otras floras del Plio–Pleistoceno de América del Sur y las familias Fabaceae y Anacardiaceae constituían una parte importante de la flora del continente sudamericano durante el Cenozoico tardío.; The paleobotanical records of the Ituzaingó Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene) are based on studies of sporomorph, fossil leaves, cuticles, fossil woods, palm trunks and culms, found in various fossiliferous localities in the provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes, Argentina. Previous palaeobotanical data revealed a rich and diverse paleoflora, characterized by the presence of the Kingdom Fungi and the families Cyatheaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Azollaceae, Pteridaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, Podocarpaceae, Winteraceae, Lauraceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygoneaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Proteaceae, Celastraceae, Aquifoliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Malphigiaceae, Compositae, Poaceae (Bambusoideae), Cyperaceae and Arecaceae. The paleobotanical data suggest that the Ituzaingó Formation paleoflora has elements linked to humid forests, savannas, lacunar conditions and xeric forests. New fossil evidences suggest that the Ituzaingó paleoflora is further characterized by the presence of a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) component and responds to a tropical-subtropical climate. In order to establish similarities and differences, the flora from the Ituzaingó Formation was compared with the floras from the Andalhuala and El Palmar formations, and also with the Cenozoic floras from Brazil. The elements present in the Ituzaingó Formation are related with other Plio-Pleistocene floras of South America and the Fabaceae and Anacardiaceae families constituted an important part of South American floras during the late Cenozoic.

Heme metabolism, oxidative and nitrosative markers in a mouse model of Hemochromatosis: Effect of Isoflurane, ethanol and 5-aminolevulinic acid Buzaleh, Ana Maria; Moreno Carraledo, Maria; Mendez, Manuel; Batlle, Alcira Maria del C.; Enriquez de Salamanca, Rafael; Moran Jimenez, Maria Jose Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by iron homeostasis alterations. Association between HH and Porphyria Cutanea Tarda has been reported. The aim was to characterize oxidative and nitrosative stress status and its relationship with heme metabolism in a hemochromatosis mouse model (Hfe-/-), and to evaluate the effects of Isoflurane, ethanol and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Male and female Hfe−/− and wild-type C57BL/6J mice received Isoflurane (2 ml/kg); ethanol (30%) or ALA (40 mg/kg). In male Hfe-/-, reduced glutathione (GSH) was diminished respect to C57BL/6J mice. Female Hfe-/- showed higher levels of GSH and total antioxidant capacity than male Hfe-/-. Catalase activity was lower in male and female Hfe-/- than in controls. 5-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity was higher in male and female Hfe-/- than in controls. In male Hfe-/-, Porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D) activity was augmented and Heme oxygenase (HO) activity was diminished probably to avoid iron increase. Isoflurane and ethanol reduced PBG-D and increased HO activities. HO induction would indicate oxidative stress instauration being more striking due to ethanol that also induced Superoxide dismutase activity. Isoflurane reduced Nitric Oxide Synthase expression. ALA altered antioxidant system. In Hfe-/- mice different metabolisms were altered being more affected by the drugs studied. Findings here described would contribute to increase the knowledge about the association between HH and the Porphyrias and about the effects of volatile anaesthetics on different metabolisms in genetic models of Porphyrias and associated diseases.

Luchas antifascistas y trayectorias generizadas en el movimiento libertario argentino (1936-1955); Antifascist struggles and gendered trajectories libertarian movement in Argentina (1936-1955) Bordagaray, María Eugenia En el presente trabajo abordaremos las trayectorias de cuatro militantes históricos del movimiento anarquista. A partir una perspectiva crítica, pensamos en las biografías individuales como espacios problemáticos en los cuales los sentidos, las experiencias y las identidades se presentan de manera compleja. Al mismo tiempo, la participación en el movimiento antifascista será considerada como característica fundante para comprender los derroteros por los cuales estos/estas anarquistas resignifican su vida y su militancia en y para el movimiento libertario de la Argentina. A lo largo de nuestro trabajo describiremos trayectorias genéricamente diferenciadas entre los hombres y las mujeres que representan los casos abordados en el presente trabajo: Ana Piacenza, Iris Pavón, José Grunfeld y Marcos Dukelsky. Asimismo, en relación a la metodología empleada, utilizaremos algunos conceptos derivados de la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu, como los de campo político, capital social/cultural, trayectoria/biografía y envejecimiento social.; In this work we address the historical trajectories four militants of the anarchist movement . From a critical perspective , we think of individual biographies as problematic spaces in which the senses , experiences and identities are presented in complex ways. At the same time , participation in the antifascist movement will be considered foundational feature to understand the paths by which these / these anarchists redefine his/her life and his membership in and to the libertarian movement in Argentina. Throughout our work we describe generically distinct trajectories of men and women who represent the cases discussed in this paper : Ana Piacenza , Iris Pavón , José Marcos Grunfeld and Dukelsky . Also, in relation to the methodology , we will use some concepts derived from Pierre Bourdieu’s perspective , such as political, social capital, cultural history, biography and social aging.

La "Brevíssima relación de la destruyción de las Indias" de fray Bartolomé de las Casas: del alegato a la retórica de la crueldad Sancholuz, Carolina Este artículo examina el texto más difundido de fray Bartolomé de las casas, la Brevíssima relación de la destruyción de las indias, en el marco histórico de su producción y posterior publicación (1542, 1552), teniendo en cuenta en especial su incidencia en otros contextos, particularmente en el momento de conformación de las ideas emancipatorias de los países americanos en el siglo xix. En esta lectura se procura atender la matriz jurídica textual, en el movimiento dialéctico que se manifiesta entre el alegato y la retórica de la crueldad y la violencia presentes en la relación.; This article examines the most famous text by Fray Bartolomé de las casas, the Brevíssima relación de la destruyción de las indias, in its historical frame (1542, 1552). it also takes into consideration its impact on other contexts, particularly at the time of emancipatory ideas of the american countries in the nineteenth century. moreover, we attend to the legal discourse and the dialectical movement that takes place between the allegation and the rhetoric of cruelty and violence.

Macroevolution of panicoid inflorescences: a history of contingency and order of trait acquisition Reinheimer, Renata; Vegetti, Abelardo Carlos; Rua, Gabriel Hugo Background and Aims: Inflorescence forms of panicoid grasses (Panicoideae) are remarkably diverse and they look very labile to human eyes; however, when performing a close inspection one can identify just a small subset of inflorescence types among a huge morphospace of possibilities. Consequently, some evolutionary constraints have restricted, to some extent, the diversification of their inflorescence. Developmental and genetic mechanisms, the photosynthetic type and plant longevity have been postulated as candidate constraints for angiosperms and panicoids in particular; however, it is not clear how these factors operate and which of these have played a key role during the grass inflorescence evolution. To gain insight into this matter the macroevolutionary aspects of panicoid inflorescences are investigated. Methods: The inflorescence aspect (lax versus condensed), homogenization, truncation of the terminal spikelet, plant longevity and photosynthetic type were the traits selected for this study. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods were used to test different models of evolution and to evaluate the existence of evolutionary correlation among the traits. Both, models and evolutionary correlation were tested and analysed in a phylogenetic context by plotting the characters on a series of trees. For those cases in which the correlation was confirmed, test of contingency and order of trait acquisition were preformed to explore further the patterns of such co-evolution. Key Results: The data reject the independent model of inflorescence trait evolution and confirmed the existence of evolutionary contingency. The results support the general trend of homogenization being a prerequisite for the loss of the terminal spikelet of the main axis. There was no evidence for temporal order in the gain of homogenization and condensation; consequently, the homogenization and condensation could occur simultaneously. The correlation between inflorescence traits with plant longevity and photosynthetic type is not confirmed. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the lability of the panicoid inflorescence is apparent, not real. The results indicate that the history of the panicoids inflorescence is a combination of inflorescence trait contingency and order of character acquisition. These indicate that developmental and genetic mechanisms may be important constraints that have limited the diversification of the inflorescence form in panicoid grasses.

Detecting collusion on highway procurement Gabrielli, Maria Florencia This paper proposes a procedure to detect collusion in asymmetric first-price procurement. The main objective is twofold. First, to provide a methodology to detect collusion using a structural approach, and second to apply the methodology to field data on procurement auctions for highway construction in California. I identify two different sets of firms as potential ring members. Relying on an exogenous number of bidders and the assumption that within each type bidders are symmetric, I find evidence supporting the collusive scheme, for the two mentioned sets of firms by comparing a model of competition and a model of collusion.; Este trabajo se focaliza en el estudio de comportamientos cooperativos en mercados de subastas. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos principales. En primer lugar, desarrollar una metodología para detectar la presencia de cárteles usando el enfoque estructural. En segundo lugar, aplicar esta metodología a una base de datos de licitaciones para la construcción de carreteras en California. A través de la comparación de un modelo de competencia y un modelo de colusión se encuentra evidencia que sugiere que un subgrupo de firmas podría haber estado involucrado en un esquema colusivo.

Dietary overlap in inshore notothenioid fish from the Danco Coast, western Antarctic Peninsula Casaux, Ricardo Jorge; Barrera Oro, Esteban We carried out a dietary overlap analysis between notothenioid species by examining the stomach contents of more than 900 specimens collected in a fish assemblage at the Danco Coast, western Antarctic Peninsula, in the summer of 2000. Prey reoccurrences among fish species were 32.2%, with krill Euphausia superba, salps and the gammaridean Prostebeingia longicornis the most reoccurring prey. The diet similarity between species pairs was lower than 55%, in accordance with similar fish assemblages in the South Orkney Islands, the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula. Whereas at those localities the higher prey overlap was between krill-feeding fish species, at the Danco Coast it was between Trematomus bernacchii and Lepidonotothen nudifrons, Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii, Notothenia coriiceps and Parachaenichthyis charcoti, and Trematomus newnesi and Notothenia rossii, which shared primarily gammaridean amphipods, algae, fish and krill, respectively. Krill is normally the main prey of fish in summer in inshore waters of the western Antarctic Peninsula, but its density in January/February 2000 was notably lower than in previous years. Therefore, at the Danco Coast, under conditions of krill shortage, most of the notothenioid species foraged more intensively on alternative prey, such as gammarideans, fish and algae. The difference between areas in the pattern of dietary overlap might be related to differences in prey availability between years and to the degree of competition for targeted prey.

Marchitamiento de plantas en cultivos de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum) del norte argentino, causado por Fusarium oxysporum y Rhizoctonia sp. Aguaysol, N. Catalina; de Lisi, Vicente; Muñoz, Lorena; Gonzalez, Victoria; Fogliata, Gabriela; Ploper, Leonardo Daniel El garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) es una leguminosa invernal. En Tucumán, la preferencia por la siembra de garbanzo ha estado principalmente motivada por los precios del grano, factor que lo potenció como una buena alternativa de producción invernal en la zona de granos de la provincia y sus áreas de influencia. La producción de garbanzo en el noroeste argentino (NOA) enfrenta algunas limitaciones que pueden afectar su normal crecimiento y desarrollo, especialmente en los primeros estadios de la planta, entre los que se encuentran las enfermedades causadas por hongos de suelo. Estos infectan plantas aisladas o grupos de plantas, pudiendo ocasionar claros (rodales) en el campo que, en casos severos, llegan a disminuir la producción. En el presente trabajo se informa sobre los resultados de los diagnósticos de enfermedades presentes en cultivos de garbanzo, realizados en muestras provenientes de diferentes localidades de provincias del norte argentino. Mediante las características morfológicas de las colonias y de las estructuras de reproducción, se detectaron los siguientes patógenos a partir de: a) Material vegetal: Fusarium oxysporum y Rhizoctonia sp. aislados de lesiones necróticas en cuello, raíz y de síntoma de estrangulamiento en cuello; Rhizoctonia sp. aislado de plantas con síntomas de necrosis en rama; b) Suelo: Fusarium oxysporum y Rhizoctonia sp., aislados de suelo de rodales y suelo de cultivo que no presentaba síntomas (suelo no rodales) de zona norte y sur. Se realizó el recuento de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC). Los hongos que fueron aislados de los materiales vegetales, fueron identificados como los agentes causales de la enfermedad conocida como ?Marchitamiento por Fusarium?. Las plantas observadas no manifestaron síntomas de amarillamiento de la parte aérea reportada por otros autores para esta enfermedad. En el caso de las plantas con necrosis en la primera ramificación se pudo constatar en campo que la lesión se presentaba en la altura donde el rastrojo hacía contacto con la rama. La presencia de Fusarium oxysporun y Rhizoctonia sp. en los aislamientos de suelo, tanto de rodales como de suelo donde el cultivo se desarrollaba de manera normal, permitieron correlacionar los síntomas que presentaban las muestras de plantas de garbanzo recibidas en el laboratorio con la situación de campo. Estos patógenos, favorecidos por las condiciones particulares, del campo ubicado en la localidad de La Cocha, de topografía (pendiente) y contenido de humedad elevada, afectaron la emergencia de plántulas (rodales) y el desarrollo de los primeros estadio de las mismas.

Gualterus de Cluny, las 'Cantigas' y el niño que ofrece pan a Cristo: reconsideración de una antigua colección de milagros marianos Disalvo, Santiago Anibal El monje Gualterus de Cluny, conocido como Gautier o Walter de Compiègne (m.1155), figura como autor de una brevísima colección de milagros marianos "universales",hacia el año 1141, el libro "De miraculis Beatae Virginis Mariae". Desatendida por la bibliografía más reciente, la importancia de esta obra reside en su fecha de composición, anterior a la colección de milagros de tipo "local" de Hugo Farsitus (ca.1143). Se trataría, pues, de una de las primeras colecciones marianas no locales. Los cuatro capítulos de la obra del Gualterus hallan su correspondencia en ciertas "Cantigas de Santa María": I, la mujer sanada del fuego de san Marcial (cantiga 81); II, la reconciliación de las mujeres (cantiga 68); III, el niño criado en el monasterio (cantigas 139 y 353); IV, el monje ebrio (cantiga 11), concordancias ya señaladas por Fita (1885). Con especial atención al capítulo III (milagro del niño), y a una versión previa de Guibert de Nogent (ca.1120), este artículo analiza la importancia de la redacción de Gualterus como posible fuente de dos "Cantigas", además de la consideración de una obra ya casi olvidada por la crítica.

Species Catalogue of Orthalicoidea in Argentina (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) Cuezzo, Maria Gabriela; Miranda, Maria Jose; Ovando, Ximena Maria Constanza ABSTRACT We provide here a catalogue of all available species nomina of Orthalicoidea occurring in Argentina. Ongoing taxonomic revisions on the genera Bostryx Troschel, 1847, Clessinia Doering, 1874, Pilsbrylia Hylton Scott, 1952, and Spixia Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898, highlighted the necessity of an updated catalogue for the region. A total of 101 orthalicoidean species classified into four families, Bothriembryontidae, Bulimulidae, Odontostomidae and Simpulopsidae are present in Argentina. The catalogue provided here is based on examination of primary literature, available revisions and monographs, comparative studies within and among species and revision of museum data, including most type specimens. Additional collection of specimens in various localities of the country was carried out for more than a decade to be able to accurately state distributional information on the species treated. Nomenclatural details are provided for all nominal species. Name-bearing types were located for 86 species-group taxa, and six lectotypes were designated for the stabilization of the taxonomy. We propose the following nine new combinations: Bulimulus fourmiersi (d´Orbigny, 1835), Clessinia cordovana (Pfeiffer, 1855), Drymaeus flossdorfi (Holmberg, 1909), Cyclodontina (Ventanía) avellanedae (Doering, 1881), Simpulopsis (Eudioptus) eudioptus (Ihering in Pilsbry, 1897), Spixia champaquiana (Doering, 1875), S. charpentieri(Grateloup in Pfeiffer, 1850), S. minor (d´Orbigny, 1837) and S. parodizi (Hylton Scott, 1951). The following four new synonymies are proposed: Bostryx sophieae Breure, 1979, with Bulimus cordillerae (Strobel, 1874) (current name Bostryx cordillerae); Cyclodontina (Clessinia) gracilis Hylton Scott, 1956, with Bulimus cordovanus Pfeiffer, 1855 (current name Clessinia cordovana); Spixia estherae Fernández, 1971, with Odontostomus (Spixia) costellifer Hass, 1936 (current name Spixia costellifer); Kuschelenia simulans Hylton Scott, 1951, with Helix tupacii d´Orbigny, 1835 (current name Scutalus tupacii). Bulimulus sporadicus gracilis Hylton Scott, 1948, is changed from subspecific to specific status.

Aves, sonidos y chamanes. Estudio interdisciplinario de un instrumento musical óseo procedente de una ocupación prehispánica de las selvas meridionales del noroeste de Argentina; Birds, sounds and shamans. Interdisciplinary study of an osseous musical instrument from a prehispanic settlement of the southern jungles of northwestern Argentina Miguez, Gabriel Eduardo; Nasif, Norma; Gudemos, Monica Lucia; Bertelli, Sara Beatriz Los instrumentos musicales de viento procedentes de contextos arqueológicos del noroeste de Argentina son escasos, y el conocimiento acerca de las implicaciones sociales vinculadas con su uso en tiempos prehispánicos es mínimo. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio interdisciplinario efectuado sobre un aerófono óseo hallado en el sitio Yánimas 1 (provincia de Tucumán), abordándose aspectos arqueológicos, biológicos, tecnológicos y musicológicos. Se contribuye a la comprensión de las prácticas involucradas en la producción y uso del instrumento. Asimismo, se avanza en la definición de espacialidades en una ocupación datada en ca. 900-1200 d. C.; Wind instruments from archaeological sites of Northwest Argentina are scarce, and knowledge of the social implications related to their use in pre-Hispanic periods is minimal. This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary study of a wind instrument made of bone that was found in Yánimas 1 (province of Tucumán), addressing aspects of archaeology, biology, technology and musicology. It contributes to the understanding of the practices involved in the production and use of the instrument. Similarly, it aids progress in the definition and use of space in an occupation dated ca. 900-1200 A.D.

The plankton communities from peat bog pools: Structure, temporal variation and environmental factors Quiroga, María Victoria; Unrein, Fernando; Gonzalez Garraza, Gabriela Carolina; Kuppers, Gabriela Cristina; Lombardo Berchesi, Ruben Jorge; Marinone, María Cristina; Menu Marque, Silvina; Vinocur, Alicia Liliana; Mataloni, Maria Gabriela This is the first characterization of the structure and temporal variation of the plankton communities comprising the complete food web in five peat bog pools related to environmental factors over two consecutive ice-free periods in Tierra del Fuego (548S). Remarkably, picophytoplankton was composed solely of eukaryotic cells, surpassing the dominance expectations for these acidic water bodies, whereas testaceans were virtually absent, even as tychoplankters. Abundances of the different planktonic communities were slightly higher than those reported for Northern Hemisphere peat bogs and humic lakes. Mixotrophic nutrition prevailed among nano- and microphytoplankters, a strategy also common in humic lakes. The structures in spring of the planktonic communities were similar. In contrast, in late summer there were differences in the abundance and biomass of the different trophic compartments among small, shallow water bodies and large ones. These seem to be dictated by distinct pool size-driven patterns of water temperature variation. A general shift in the control of heterotrophic flagellates abundance in the pools occurred, changing from bottom-up regulation in spring to top-down control in late summer related to.

Byssal attachment etchings: a new bioerosion trace on recent oysters Romero, María Virginia; Brezina, Soledad Silvana; Bremec, Claudia Silvia; Casadio, Silvio Alberto Byssate bivalves can be attached to hard substrates by byssal threads. Dissolution of the substrate to which they are attached may leave superficial bioerosion traces. This study reports the scars produced by byssus of Mytilus edulis and Aulacomya atra recorded in shells of Ostrea puelchana. Oyster valves were cut and gold-sputtered prior to scanning electron microscope observation. Each byssal thread leaves a characteristic scar on shells substrate. They etch an irregular trace on the substrate which may reach a diameter of several centimeters. These etching-traces comprise shallow round/oval holes of variable number and placement. A bundle of pits corresponding to fibers that compose the thread core was identified in the interior of each hole.We suggest that this trace could be included in the ethological class Fixichnia. The description of this trace would allow adjusting the composition of fossil assemblages and therefore paleoenvironmental interpretations in those cases in which mytilid shells have not been preserved. The recognition of this trace along with other ones of tracemakers with reotaxis or positive phototaxis could be useful in inferring the life habit of fossil biogenic substrates and in reconstructing their taphonomic history.

Diálogo entre la Arqueología Histórica y los Estudios Poscoloniales; Dialogue between Historical Archaeology and Postcolonial Studies Buscaglia, Silvana El presente trabajo tiene por objeto discutir los aportes recíprocos emergentes de la articulación de los Estudios Poscoloniales -en un sentido amplio- con la Arqueología Histórica, en función del abordaje de problemáticas histórico-arqueológicas relacionadas con el colonialismo europeo y la constitución de la modernidad en Latinoamérica. Particularmente nos interesa discutir sobre la base de las contribuciones de los Estudios Poscoloniales, el rol de las minorías y los grupos subalternizados para alterar las estructuras coloniales desde el plano de las prácticas cotidianas. Una perspectiva de esta naturaleza implica atender por lo tanto a la singularidad de los contextos y agentes intervinientes en la genealogía y diversidad de nuestras sociedades y sus prácticas.

Huellas de lo políticamente correcto en libros de texto argentinos: la “modalización autonímica”; Traces of the politically correct in Argentinian textbooks: the “autonimic modalization” Tosi, Carolina Luciana La dimensión ideológica de los libros de textos se evidencia en diferentes niveles y a través del despliegue de diversos mecanismos discursivos. Atento a ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en demostrar que ciertas representaciones sociales y actitudes políticamente correctas (Courtine, 2006) se vehiculizan en la materialidad discursiva de los libros escolares. En este sentido, planteamos que los gestos políticamente correctos no se configuran solo a través de las temáticas y las palabras, presentes o silenciadas, sino además mediante estrategias polifónico-argumentativas. Entre ellas, ponemos el foco en las formas de modalización autonímica (Authier-Revuz, 1995) y las caracterizamos como modos de posicionamiento ideológico, en general, y como huellas de una postura políticamente correcta, en particular. Desde un conjunto de autores franceses (Pêcheux, 1975, 1982, 1983; Courtine, 1982, 2006; Authier-Revuz, 1984, 1995; Amossy, 1999), abordamos un corpus de libros de texto de ciencias sociales de nivel secundario, editados en la Argentina entre 1983 y 2005. Por un lado, mostramos que una de las funciones dadas a la modalización autonímica reside en la exhibición por parte del locutor-autor de un desacuerdo ante una determinada terminología disciplinar. Por otro lado, corroboramos que tal desacuerdo ideológico suele evidenciar una actitud políticamente correcta, que no necesariamente es acompañada por una transformación en las representaciones. De este modo, en el devenir discursivo se mantienen los estereotipos y los imaginarios sociales que el uso de la modalización autonímica pretendería desestimar.; The ideological dimension in textbooks is evidenced at different levels and through different discursive mechanisms. Following this, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate that certain social representations and politically correct attitudes (Courtine, 2006) are evidenced on the discursive materiality of textbooks. In this sense, we propose that politically correct gestures are not only configured through themes and words, present or silenced ones, but also through polyphonic and argumentative strategies. Among them, we focus on the forms identified as “autominic modalization” (Authier-Revuz, 1995) and we characterize them as modes of ideological positioning, in general, and as traces of a politically correct poses, in particular. Having a group of French authors as the theoretical framework for this study (Pêcheux, 1975, 1982, 1983; Courtine, 1982, 2006; Authier-Revuz, 1984, 1995; Amossy, 1999), we analyze a corpus of social science textbooks for secondary education, edited in Argentina between 1983 and 2005. On one hand, we show that one of the functions related to the “autonimic modalization” is based on having the locutor-author exhibiting disagreement when using a given disciplinary terminology. On the other hand, we corroborate that such ideological disagreement often evidences a politically correct attitude that is not necessarily accompanied with a transformation of the representations. In this way, stereotypes and social imagings are maintained through time and discourse, something that the “autonimic modalization” tried to avoid.

Muscarinic modulation of high frequency oscillations in pedunculopontine neurons Kezunovic, Nebojsa; Hyde, James; Goitia, Belén; Bisagno, Veronica; Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose; Garcia Rill, Edgar We previously reported that persistent application of the non-specific cholinergic agonist carbachol (CAR) increased the frequency of calcium channel-mediated oscillatory activity in pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) neurons, which we identified as dependent on voltage-gated, high-threshold P/Q-type channels. Here, we tested the hypothesis that M2 muscarinic receptors and G-proteins associated with M2 receptors mediate the increase in oscillatory frequency in PPN neurons. We found, using depolarizing ramps, that patch clamped 9-12 day old rat PPN neurons (n = 189) reached their peak oscillatory activity around -20 mV membrane potential. Acute (short duration) application of CAR blocked the oscillatory activity through M2 muscarinic receptors, an effect blocked by atropine. However, persistent (long duration) application of CAR significantly increased the frequency of oscillatory activity in PPN neurons through M2 receptors [40 ± 1 Hz (with CAR) vs. 23 ± 1 Hz (without CAR); p < 0.001]. We then tested the effects of the G-protein antagonist guanosine 5'-[β-thio] diphosphate trilithium salt (GDP-β-S), and the G-protein agonist 5'-[γ-thio] triphosphate trilithium salt (GTP-γ-S). We found, using a three-step protocol in voltage-clamp mode, that the increase in the frequency of oscillations induced by M2 cholinergic receptors was linked to a voltage-dependent G-protein mechanism. In summary, these results suggest that persistent cholinergic input creates a permissive activation state in the PPN that allows high frequency P/Q-type calcium channel-mediated gamma oscillations to occur.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of WC-9 analogs as antiparasitic agents Elicio, Pablo Damián; Chao, Maria Noelia; Galizzi, Melina; Li, Catherine; Szajnman, Sergio Hernan; Docampo, Roberto; Moreno, Silvia N. J.; Rodriguez, Juan Bautista As a part of our project pointed at the search of new safe chemotherapeutic and chemoprophylactic agents against parasitic diseases, several compounds structurally related to 4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate (WC-9), which were modified at the terminal aromatic ring, were designed, synthesized and evaluated as antiproliferative agents against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) and Toxoplasma gondii, the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis. Most of the synthetic analogs exhibited similar antiparasitic activity being slightly more potent than the reference compound WC-9. For example, the nitro derivative 13 showed an ED50 value of 5.2 μM. Interestingly, the regioisomer of WC-9, compound 36 showed similar inhibitory action than WC-9 indicating that para-phenyl substitution pattern is not necessarily required for biological activity. The biological evaluation against T. gondii was also very promising. The ED50 values corresponding for 13, 36 and 37 were at the very low micromolar level against tachyzoites of T. gondii.