Si muero antes de despertar, de Carlos Hugo Christensen: maneras de ser hombre, entre la modalidad del policial y la del noir; Si muero antes de despertar, by Carlos Hugo Christensen: the ways of being a man, between modalities of police procedural and noir Debussy, Pablo Este trabajo analiza el film de Carlos Hugo Christensen Si muero antes de despertar (1952) a partir de la disputa de dos modalidades: la modalidad policial y la del noir. La primera de ellas se vincula con la ley, el orden y las instituciones (familia, escuela, iglesia), mientras que la segunda lo hace en relación con los deseos sexuales prohibidos y la criminalidad. De manera complementaria, se analiza la configuración de diversas masculinidades, que subyacen a dichas modalidades, así como también las zonas de la ciudad y su división geográfica y moral: de un lado, el barrio “cordial”, que incluye la casa paterna y la escuela; del otro, el baldío, el lugar del deseo sexual perverso.; This text analyzes the film Si muero antes de despertar (1952), by Carlos Hugo Christensen, from two different points of view: the modalities of police procedural movie and the film noir. The first of them is associated with law, order, and institutions (family, school, church), while the second is associated with forbidden sexual desires and criminality. Besides this, I study the configuration of different masculinities that lies below that opposite orders. I also study the areas of the city, not only from a geographical perspective but also from a moral one: on the one hand, the kind neighborhood that includes the family home and the school; and on the other hand, the vacant land, a place that hides the wicked sexual desire.

Expresiones locales de la sindemia COVID-19: estrategias de los trabajadores de salud en Argentina; Local expressions of COVID-19 syndemic: Health Care Workers’ Strategies in Argentina Remorini, Carolina; Teves, Laura Susana; Pasarin, Lorena; Castro, Mora del Pilar Las estrategias de los trabajadores de salud (TS) frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 expuso la necesidad de acciones precisas y datos confiables sobre sus múltiples dimensiones en los contextos locales. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un estudio de caso ubicado en la zona sur del Área Metropolitana de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) en donde se analizan la implementación de respuestas e impacto en el trabajo cotidiano en los servicios de salud. La metodología se encuadra en la etnografía aplicada. Se recolectó información cualitativa en dos efectores de salud pública de la ciudad de La Plata, la que fue contrastada y complementada con información epidemiológica. Los resultados aportan a la comprensión del manejo local frente a la sindemia, incluyendo las estrategias de preparación y reorganización de los servicios de salud y nuevos mecanismos de colaboración e introducción de innovaciones en la atención pública. Entre las principales conclusiones se destacan la necesidad de enmarcar el análisis de la COVID-19 en el concepto de sindemia, que considera las diversas dimensiones socio-sanitarias implicadas, e indaga sus efectos en poblaciones vulnerables, los que aún son escasamente conocidos. Asimismo, este estudio muestra cómo las experiencias y estrategias organizativas de TS suponen la articulación y adaptación creativa de las políticas públicas sanitarias a las posibilidades y limitaciones de los contextos de actuación local frente a la incertidumbre y el riesgo epidemiológico. Finalmente, la metodología cualitativa aporta datos de valor para comprender la dinámica de cambio durante la pandemia y su proyección hacia la post pandemia; The strategies of health workers (HCW) in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the need for precise actions and reliable data about its multiple dimensions in the local contexts. This article aims to present a case study located in the southern zone of the Metropolitan Area of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) where we analyze the implementation of responses to COVID-19 and its impact on the daily work in health care services. The methodology is framed in the Applied Ethnography. Qualitative information was collected in two public health providers located in La Plata city, which was further complemented with epidemiological information. The results contribute to the understanding of the management of the syndemic in this local context, including the strategies of preparation and reorganization of healthcare services as well as new mechanisms for collaboration and introduction of innovations in the public healthcare system. Among the main conclusions we highlight the need of analyzing the COVID-19 as a syndemics, considering the several socio-sanitary dimensions involved in, and investigating its effects on vulnerable populations, which are still poorly known. Likewise, the study reveals how the experiences and organizational strategies of HCW entails the articulation and adaptation of public health policies to the possibilities and constraints of local contexts, in a novel and creative way, facing the uncertainty and epidemiological risk. Finally, the qualitative methodology provides valuable data to understand the dynamics of change during the pandemic and its projection towards the post-pandemic scenarios.

“Estoy haciendo mi hobby y además me pagan”: Jóvenes, lecturas y trabajos Cuestas, Paula Este artículo describe y analiza un universo muy específico: aquellas/os jóvenes que crecieron siendo “grandes lectoras/es” y que hoy, a partir del uso de tecnologías digitales, tienen trabajos que se vinculan con las habilidades adquiridas durante esa trayectoria. Para ello se analizan entrevistas en profundidad biográficamente orientadas, así como notas de trabajo de campo etnográfico en escenarios a los que asisten estas personas como charlas en la Feria Internacional del Libro y actividades organizadas por el fandom de Harry Potter. Asimismo, se retoman publicaciones y contenidos compartidos en redes sociales por los actores en quienes se focaliza este trabajo. Estas trayectorias presentadas en conjunto permiten reflexionar sobre: 1) el carácter colectivo de estas experiencias lectoras (signadas por el uso de tecnologías digitales) y la posibilidad de generar comunidades; 2) la forma en que se accede a ciertos trabajos a partir de este primer punto, y 3) las habilidades y habilitaciones que permiten dicho acceso.; This article describes and analyzes a very specific universe: those young people who grew up as great readers and who today, through the use of digital technologies, have jobs that are linked to the skills they acquired during their careers. For this purpose, I analyzed biographical in-depth interviews, as well as fieldwork notes in booktubers´s talks, book fairs and activities organized by The Harry Potter fan club. Social media content from the actors on whom this paper focuses is also taken up. These trajectories presented together allow us to reflect on: 1) the collective nature of reading experiences (marked by the use of digital technologies) and the possibility of generating communities; 2) the way in which certain jobs accesed from that first point; and 3) the skills and qualifications that allow such acces.

Co-construction of territorial and sociodemographic data in a poor informal neighborhood with high socio-environmental vulnerability in the city of La Plata, Argentina; Co-construcción de datos territoriales y sociodemográficos en un barrio popular con elevada vulnerabilidad socioambiental en la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina Canevari, Tomás This paper presents the results of a census carried out in the largest of the 164 informal settlements currently in existence in the city of La Plata, capital of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The objective is to define territorial and sociodemographic data of this poor informal neighbourhood with high socio-environmental vulnerability, paying special interest to the macro variables related to housing, education and work, as well as perceptions about the neighbourhood and future prospects. Therefore, the aim is to generate co-con-structed scientific knowledge in tandem with the community, which in turn recovers knowledge and demands from the territory with a concrete potential for transformation. This work is part of a Participatory Scientific Agenda based on the interaction of the community, political, economic and scientific-technical actors.; El artículo presenta resultados de un censo realizado en el más grande de los 164 asentamientos informales que existen actualmente en la ciudad de La Plata, capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El objetivo es definir datos territoriales y socio- demográficos de este barrio popular con elevada vulnerabilidad socioambiental con especial interés en las macrovariables relacionadas a vivienda, educación y trabajo, así como percepciones en torno al barrio y deseos a futuro. Así, se apunta a generar conocimiento científico co-construido junto a la comunidad implicada, que recupera saberes y demandas del territorio con un potencial concreto de transformación. El trabajo es parte de una Agenda Científica Participativa basada en la interacción de actores comunitarios, políticos, económicos y científico-técnicos.

Residual velocities of small magellanic cloud star clusters Piatti, Andres Eduardo We analyzed the largest Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) cluster sample (32) with proper motions and radial velocity measurements, from which we obtained their space velocity components. By adopting as a reference the recent best-fitted rotating disc of SMC star clusters as a function of the position angle, we computed their residual velocity vectors, and compared their magnitudes (∆V ) with that of a cluster with residual velocity components equal to the velocity dispersions along the three inde- pendent SMC rotating disc axes of motion (∆V = 60 km/s). We found that clusters that belong to SMC tidally induced structures have ∆V > 50 km/s, which suggests that space velocities of clusters in the process of escaping the rotating disc kinematics, are measurably different. Studied clusters pertaining to a northern branch of the Mag- ellanic Bridge, the main Magellanic Bridge, the Counter-Bridge and the West halo give support to these findings. NGC 121, the oldest known SMC cluster, does not belong to any SMC tidal feature, and has ∆V = 64 km/s, slightly above the boundary between bound and kinematically perturbed clusters.

Editorial: Neuroendocrine-Immunological Interactions in Health and Disease Perez, Ana Rosa; Maya Monteiro, Clarissa M.; Carvalho, Vinicius Frias Historically, scientists have delimited the immune, endocrine, and neural systems to study physiology and disease (Figure 1). Although questions relating to whether there is a strict boundary between these systems do persist today, we do not believe in that. Biology does not seem to “respect” the established limits between these systems. Indeed, since Claude Bernard’s early studies in physiology, we know that the different organs and systems must communicate in an integrative way to maintain homeostasis. During recent decades, we have investigated these systems in an integrative way, since both the tools and the information to perform these studies are now available. In this Research Topic, we gathered diverse studies that increase our knowledge about the complex interactions among the immune, endocrine, and neural systems in both homeostasis and disease, and the potential therapeutic or disrupting agents of these circuits.

Comparative analysis of the physicochemical composition of pea cultivars; Análisis comparativo de la composición físico-química de cultivares de arveja Guindon, María Fernanda; Aguero, María Gabriela; Gatti, Ileana; Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis Peas are an inexpensive nutrient source. Basic information about variation in physicochemical composition is required to manage breeding programs and postharvest operations effectively. Different properties were measured in seeds from 16 promising pea genotypes to study variability between lines, degree of genetic parameters, and associations among different traits. Seed weight and diameter, pH, and titratable acidity showed the highest values for broad-sense heritability and the most negligible differences between the phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation, indicating that these traits' variability was predominately due to genotypic differences. Genotypes had a wide-range profile that could be related to morphological and physiological properties. Yellow varieties showed superior values for weight and sizes (27.84 g; 0.57 cm) and small changes in diameter after hydration (48.35 %), while wrinkled varieties showed inferior moisture content (9.54 %), higher hydration capacity (1,314.66 g H2O/kg seeds), and protein content (28.88 %). Cuarentina and B315 were the more resistant and firmer materials; B315 also had the highest water hydration capacity, which would be appropriate for canning. Polyacrylamide gels demonstrated differences in protein composition; Gypsi contained more legumin (47.27 %) than the other genotypes, which is more beneficial nutritionally, and contained less convicilin (7.06 %), making it suitable for the food industry. Using accelerated aging, we studied color changes due to storage and established that the Viper line was highly tolerant to it. We could identify lines that may be exploited by industry or quality breeding programs.; Las arvejas han sido reconocidas como una fuente económica de nutrientes; por lo tanto, se requiere información básica respecto de sus características físico-químicas para el efectivo desarrollo de operaciones de procesamiento y mejoramiento de las semillas. En el presente estudio, se midieron diferentes propiedades en 16 genotipos de arveja para estudiar la variabilidad entre líneas, los parámetros genéticos y las correlaciones entre caracteres. El diámetro y peso de la semilla, el pH y la acidez titulable mostraron valores altos de heredabilidad en sentido amplio y pequeñas diferencias entre los coeficientes de variación genético y fenotípico, lo que indica que la variabilidad para estos caracteres se debe a diferencias genéticas. Los granos amarillos mostraron valores superiores para peso y tamaño (27,84 g; 0,57 cm) y cambios menores en el diámetro luego de su hidratación (48,35 %), mientras que los granos rugosos mostraron menor contenido de humedad (9,54 %), mayor capacidad de hidratación (1.314,66 g H2O/kg semilla) y contenido proteico (28,88 %). Cuarentina y B315 fueron los materiales más firmes y resistentes; B315 además mostró alta capacidad de hidratación, lo que lo hace adecuado para la industria del enlatado. A través de geles de poliacrilamida se determinaron diferencias en la composición proteica; Gypsi contiene mayor cantidad de legumina (47,27 %), beneficioso desde un punto de vista nutricional, y contiene menos convicilina (7,06 %), beneficioso para la industria alimenticia. Mediante el envejecimiento acelerado, se estudiaron los cambios de color debido al almacenamiento y se estableció que la línea Viper experimentó menores cambios, por lo cual sería recomendable para largos períodos de almacenamiento. En este estudio se han podido identificar líneas que pueden explotarse en la industria o en programas de mejoramiento de la calidad de la arveja.

Metallic, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles toxic effects on freshwater microcrustaceans: An update and basis for the use of new test species Gutierrez, María Florencia; Ale, Analía; Andrade, Victoria Soledad; Bacchetta, Carla; Rossi, Andrea Silvana; Cazenave, Jimena In this article, we performed a literature review on the metallic, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles (NP) effects on freshwater microcrustaceans, specifically focusing on (i) the main factors influencing the NP toxicity and (ii) their main ecotoxicological effects. Also, given that most studies are currently developed on the standard test species Daphnia magna Straus, we analyzed (iii) the potential differences in the biological responses between D. magna and other freshwater microcrustacean, and (iv) the ecological implications of considering only D. magna as surrogate of other microcrustaceans. We found that NP effects on microcrustaceans depended on their intrinsic properties as well as the exposure conditions. Among the general responses to different NP, we identified body burial, feeding inhibition, biochemical effects, metabolic changes, and reproductive and behavioral alterations. The differences in the biological responses between D. magna and other freshwater microcrustacean rely on the morphology (size and shape), ecological traits (feeding mechanisms, life cycles), and intrinsic sensitivities. Thus, we strongly recommend the use of microcrustaceans species with different morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics in future ecotoxicity tests with NP to provide relevant information with regulation purposes regarding the discharge of NP into aquatic environments. Practitioner points: Nanoparticles effects depend on intrinsic and external factors. Nanoparticles affect the morphology, physiology, and behavior. Effects on Daphnia differ from other microcrustaceans. The use of more diverse test species is suggested.

Multibiomarker responses in danio rerio after exposure to sediment spiked with triclosan Sager, Emanuel Alejandro; Rossi, Andrea Silvana; Mac Loughlin, Tomas Mariano; Marino, Damian Jose Gabriel; de la Torre, Fernando Roman Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial and antimycotic agent widely used in personal care products. In aquatic environments, both TCS and its biomethylated more persistent form, methyl-triclosan (MeTCS), are usually detected in wastewater effluents and rivers, where are commonly adsorbed to suspended solids and sediments. The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical and physiological effects in Danio rerio after a short term (2 days) and prolonged (21 days) exposures to sediment spiked with TCS acting as the source of the pollutant in the assay. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-s transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation levels (LPO), total capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity (AChE) were measured in liver, gills, and brain. Most of TCS on the spiked sediment was biotransformed to MeTCS and promoted different adverse effects on D. rerio. Gills were the most sensitive organ after 2 day-exposure, showing lipid damage and increased SOD activity. After 21 days of exposure, liver was the most sensitive organ, showing lower ACAP, increased LPO levels, and SOD and CAT activities. This is the first study reporting the effects on biochemical markers in D. rerio from a MeTCS sink resulting from sediment spiked with TCS.

How to build a puncture- A nd breakage-resistant eggshell? Mechanical and structural analyses of avian brood parasites and their hosts López, Analía V.; Bolmaro, Raul Eduardo; Avalos, Martina Cecilia; Gerschenson, Lía N.; Reboreda, Juan Carlos; Fiorini, Vanina Dafne; Tartalini, Vanina Mercedes; Risso, Pablo; Hauber, Mark E. Evolved eggshell strength is greater in several lineages of obligate avian brood parasites (birds that lay their eggs in other species' nests) than in their hosts. Greater strength is typically indirectly implied by eggshell thickness comparisons between parasites and hosts. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence that the eggshell structural organization differentially influences its mechanical properties. Using instrumental puncture tests and SEM/EBSD and XRD techniques, we studied the most relevant eggshell mechanical, textural, ultrastructural and microstructural features between several host species and their parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus spp.). These parasitic species display different egg-destructive behaviors, reducing host reproductive fitness, including the more frequently host-egg puncturing M. rufoaxillaris and M. bonariensis, and the host egg-removing M. ater. The results, analyzed using a phylogenetic comparative approach, showed interspecific patterns in the mechanical and structural features. Overall, the eggshells of the two egg-puncturing parasites (but not of M. ater) were stronger, stiffer and required greater stress to produce a fracture than the respective hosts' eggs. These features were affected by eggshell microstructure and ultrastructure, related to the increase in the intercrystalline boundary network acting in cooperation with the increase in palisade layer thickness. Both structural features generate more options and greater lengths of intercrystalline paths, increasing the energy consumed in crack or fissure propagation. The reported patterns of all these diverse eggshell features support a new set of interpretations, confirming several hypotheses regarding the impact of the two reproductive strategies (parasitic versus parental) and parasitic egg destruction behaviors (more versus less frequently puncturing).

AMPA receptors: a key piece in the puzzle of memory retrieval Pereyra, Magdalena; Medina, Jorge Horacio Retrieval constitutes a highly regulated and dynamic phase in memory processing. Its rapid temporal scales require a coordinated molecular chain of events at the synaptic level that support transient memory trace reactivation. AMPA receptors (AMPAR) drive the majority of excitatory transmission in the brain and its dynamic features match the singular fast timescales of memory retrieval. Here we provide a review on AMPAR contribution to memory retrieval regarding its dynamic movements along the synaptic compartments, its changes in receptor number and subunit composition that take place in activity dependent processes associated with retrieval. We highlight on the differential regulations exerted by AMPAR subunits in plasticity processes and its impact on memory recall.

Morphological shell characterization of Fissurellidea and Fissurella (Vetigastropoda: Fissurellidae) along the Argentinean coast, from temperate to subantarctic waters Yuvero, María Celeste; Giménez, Juliana Morphometric studies are approached through different methods, among them geometric morphometry, such as contours and landmarks. These methodologies gathered with classification methods, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA), extract information efficiently and capture inter or intraspecific grouping. Three keyhole limpet species—Fissurellidea megatrema, Fissurellidea patagonica, and Fissurella radiosa—were contrasted through morphometrics: shell shape with linear morphometrics and foramen shape through elliptic Fourier analysis, and landmarks. The broad geographic range of F. radiosa allowed additional intraspecific analysis: three sampling sites, along the Southwest Atlantic coast (42°19′S 64°19′W–54°48´S 68°19′W), comprising two subspecies (F. radiosa radiosa and F. radiosa tixierae). The aim of this study was to evaluate which measurements most contribute to the classification of the species and to determine if the subspecies reflected a geographic pattern in the classification methods (LDA and PCA). The LDA revealed two linear morphological variables to differentiate between the three species and between localities of F. radiosa. For the subspecies (F. radiosa radiosa and F. radiosa tixierae), the LDA and PCA showed a biogeographic pattern related to the distribution (Argentinean and Magellan provinces). We concluded that the morphometrics methods and both classification analysis (LDA and PCA) capture information at the species and subspecies level and the foramen is the principal variable that contributes as a taxonomic tool.

An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder De la Peña Arteaga, Víctor; Berruga Sánchez, Mercedes; Steward, Trevor; Martínez Zalacaín, Ignacio; Goldberg, Ximena; Wainsztein, Agustina Edith; Abulafia, Carolina Andrea; Cardoner, Narcís; Castro, Mariana Nair; Villarreal, Mirta Fabiana; Menchón, José M.; Guinjoan, Salvador Martín; Soriano Mas, Carles Background. One common denominator to the clinical phenotypes of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is emotion regulation impairment. Although these two conditions have been extensively studied separately, it remains unclear whether their emotion regulation impairments are underpinned by shared or distinct neurobiological alterations.Methods. In the present study we contrasted the neural correlates of negative emotion regulation across an adult sample of BPD patients (n=19), MDD patients (n=20) and healthy controls (HCs; n=19). Emotion regulation was assessed using an established functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cognitive reappraisal paradigm. We assessed both task-related activations and modulations of interregional connectivity (i.e., Psychophysiological Interactions, PPI). Results. When compared to HCs, patients with BPD and MDD displayed a homologous decreased activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal. Additionally, the MDD group presented decreased activations in other prefrontal areas (i.e., left dorsolateral and bilateral orbitofrontal cortices), while the BPD group was characterized by a more extended pattern of alteration in the connectivity between the vlPFC and cortices of the visual ventral stream during reappraisal. Conclusions. Decreased activation of the vlPFC underlays emotion regulation deficits in MDD and BPD, although, beyond this finding, these groups are characterized by specific neurobiological underpinnings. Alterations in patients with MDD suggest a primary deficit in the strength of prefrontal activations, while patients with BPD are better characterized by connectivity disruptions between the prefrontal cortex and temporal emotion processing regions. These findings substantiate in neurobiological terms the different profiles of emotion regulation alteration observed in these disorders.

Multiomics analyses reveal the roles of the ASR1 transcription factor in tomato fruits Dominguez, Pia Guadalupe; Conti, Gabriela; Duffy, Tomás; Insani, Ester Marina; Alseekh, Saleh; Asurmendi, Sebastian; Fernie, Alisdair R; Carrari, Fernando Oscar The transcription factor ASR1 (ABA, STRESS, RIPENING 1) plays multiple roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses as well as being involved in the regulation of central metabolism in several plant species. However, despite the high expression of ASR1 in tomato fruits, large scale analyses to uncover its function in fruits are still lacking. In order to study its function in the context of fruit ripening, we performed a multiomics analysis of ASR1-antisense transgenic tomato fruits at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Our results indicate that ASR1 is involved in several pathways implicated in the fruit ripening process, including cell wall, amino acid, and carotenoid metabolism, as well as abiotic stress pathways. Moreover, we found that ASR1-antisense fruits are more susceptible to the infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Given that ASR1 could be regulated by fruit ripening regulators such as FRUITFULL1/FRUITFULL2 (FUL1/FUL2), NON-RIPENING (NOR), and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR), we positioned it in the regulatory cascade of red ripe tomato fruits. These data extend the known range of functions of ASR1 as an important auxiliary regulator of tomato fruit ripening.

Larval morphology of Ilybiosoma Crotch, 1873 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae): description of five Nearctic species with phylogenetic considerations Alarie, Yves; Michat, Mariano Cruz The larvae of five Nearctic species of Ilybiosoma Crotch, 1873, I. bjorkmanae (Hatch, 1939), I. lugens (LeConte, 1852), I. minnesotensis (Wallis, 1933), I. pandurus (Leech, 1942), and I. regularis (LeConte, 1852) are described for the first time including a detailed chaetotaxy analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. A provisional parsimony analysis based on 55 informative larval characteristics of 18 species in seven genera of the subfamily Agabinae was conducted using the program TNT. The larvae of the five Ilybiosoma species described were found to be fairly similar morphologically. Compared to the other species of Agabinae studied, larvae of Ilybiosoma stand out from most Agabini by the presence of the strongly emarginated siphon, which are reminiscent of the condition observed in Hydrotrupes Sharp, 1882 and Platynectes Régimbart, 1879.

Reappraisal of the historical myopia epidemic in native Arctic communities Rozema, Jos J.; Boulet, Charles; Cohen, Yuval; Stell, William K.; Iribarren, Luciano Rodrigo; van Rens, Ger H. M. B.; Iribarren, Rafael Purpose: This study was developed to explain the extraordinary rise in myopia prevalence beginning after 1950 in Indigenous Arctic communities considering recent findings about the risk factors for school myopia development. Myopia prevalence changed drastically from a historical low of less than 3% to more than 50% in new generations of young adults following the Second World War. At that time, this increase was attributed to concurrent alterations in the environment and way of life which occurred in an aggressive programme of de-culturalization and re-acculturation through residential school programmes that introduced mental, emotional and physical stressors. However, the predominant idea that myopia was genetic in nature won the discussion of the day, and research in the area of environmental changes was dismissed. There may have also been an association between myopia progression and the introduction of extreme mental, emotional and physical stressors at the time. Recent findings: Since 1978, animal models of myopia have demonstrated that myopiagenesis has a strong environmental component. Furthermore, multiple studies in human populations have shown since 2005 how myopia could be produced by a combination of limited exposure to the outdoors and heavy emphasis on academic subjects associated with intense reading habits. This new knowledge was applied in the present study to unravel the causes of the historical myopia epidemics in Inuit communities. Summary: After reviewing the available published data on myopia prevalence in circumpolar Inuit populations in the 20th century, the most likely causes for the Inuit myopia epidemic were the combination of increased near work (from almost none to daily reading) and the move from a mostly outdoor to a much more indoor way of life, exacerbated by fewer hours of sunshine during waking hours, the lower illuminance in the Arctic and the extreme psychophysical stress due to the conditions in the Residential Schools.

High temperature mechanical behavior of low stiffness Al2TiO5 and Al2TiO5–3Al2O3.2SiO2–ZrTiO4 composite materials Violini, María Agustina; Hernández, Maria Florencia; Gass, Sebastian Emiliano; Tomba Martinez, Analia Gladys; Rendtorff Birrer, Nicolás Maximiliano The mechanical behavior of low (and negative) thermal expansion and low stiffness Al2TiO5 materials and Al2TiO5–3Al2O3.2SiO2–ZrTiO4 composite materials was studied by diametral compression test at room temperature 400 and 800°C. The effect of both temperature and composition was analyzed. Stress–strain curves were obtained and, from them, apparent elastic modulus (Eapp) and mechanical strength (σF) were determined. Fracture mechanisms and fracture patterns were also analyzed. All materials showed a brittle behavior up to 800°C. The thermal variation of σF, that was even higher as testing temperature increased, was interpreted based on the microcracks behavior. A double linear correlation of Eapp was found with temperature (T) and zircon content ([Z]), with a fitting coefficient >.9. The particular low stiffness and the mechanical and thermal behavior of the studied materials suggest that they would be able to withstand thermal stresses.

Producción y Aplicación de Compost con Alto Contenido de Nitrógeno Proveniente de un Residuo Orgánico Queratínico; Production and Application of Compost with High Nitrogen Content Coming from an Organic Keratin Waste Galarza, Betina Claudia; Garro, María Laura; Gortari, Maria Cecilia; Hours, Roque Alberto Se aplicó la técnica del compostaje para la valorización sustentable del residuo pelo bovino junto con estiércol de conejo y restos vegetales de poda en distintas proporciones determinando los parámetros evolutivos a lo largo de los primeros 72 días. Se obtuvieron distintos compost con características aceptables para ser aplicados en especies vegetales. Se probaron en cultivos de Beta vulgaris var. cicla y se compararon con lombricompuesto y con humus analizando las diversas variables del crecimiento, observándose evidencias positivas de la acción de los composts obtenidos.; The composting technique was applied for the sustainable recovery of the bovine hair waste along with rabbit manure and pruning plant debris on different proportions. The different physicochemical parameters were evaluated throughout the first 72 days. Different composts with acceptable characteristics were obtained to be applied in plant species. They were tested in cultures of Beta vulgaris var. cicla, compared with vermicompost and humus. Through the analysis of the growth variables of the plants, positive evidences of the action of the composts were observed.

MoS 2 Effect on Nickel Electrochemical Activation: An Atomistic/Experimental Approach Loiacono, Antonella; Gomez, Melisa Julieta; Negreiros Ribeiro, Fábio; Olmos Asar, Jimena Anahí; Mariscal, Marcelo; Lacconi, Gabriela Ines; Franceschini, Esteban Andrés Hybrid Ni-MoS2 electrocatalysts are one of the most promising materials for the generation of hydrogen in an alkaline medium. This paper presents a simple and economical method for the rational synthesis of Ni-MoS2 nanocomposites, maximizing the contact area and reducing the contact resistance between MoS2 and the nickel surface. In this way, it is possible to maximize the synergistic effect between both materials, obtaining a hybrid nanomaterial with high electroactivity toward the generation of hydrogen. A conventional nickel catalyst (NWts) was compared with the one obtained by dispersing a small amount of MoS2 (0.1425 μg cm-2) over the surface denoted as NMS, and with the same type of catalyst after a 10 s electrodeposition of Ni (NMSN), to have a Ni-MoS2-Ni laminar structure. Thus, the NMSN catalyst shows a current density value of 59% higher than the observed value on the NMS catalyst and 113% higher than that found in the conventional NWts catalyst. Finally, these results were analyzed using DFT theoretical studies. DFT calculations predict a charge transfer between MoS2 and nearby Ni atoms, which becomes more important when a second Ni layer is placed on MoS2 explaining the increase in catalytic activity in the NMSN catalyst. Furthermore, the high hydrophobicity of the MoS2 plays an important role in the electrochemically active surface when comparing NMS and NMSN catalysts.

International cooperation in a non-ideal world: the example of COVAX; Cooperação internacional num mundo não ideal: o exemplo do COVAX; Cooperación internacional en un mundo no ideal: el ejemplo de COVAX Luna, Florencia; Holzer, Felicitas Sofia The world witnessed one of the fasted responses in history to a new disease in terms of drug and vaccine development. However, despite the fact that safe and effective vaccines for COVID-19 were developed at a remarkable pace, international cooperation seems to have failed regarding the global equitable allocation of vaccines. This article explores challenges to international cooperation in global health and specifically to the fair allocation of vaccines at a global scale. We will present major obstacles to cooperative efforts and an interesting answer such as the COVAX facility, a cooperative redistribution scheme that has recently been launched by WHO, CEPI and Gavi. Considering COVAX a laudable and necessary first step to improve international cooperation in health, we nevertheless argue that the facility needs to identify key areas of potential improvement.; O mundo foi testemunha de uma das respostas mais rápidas da história a uma nova doença em termos de desenvolvimento de medicamentos e vacinas. No entanto, apesar do facto de que as vacinas seguras e eficazes para COVID-19 foram desenvolvidas a um ritmo notável, a cooperação internacional parece ter falhado no que diz respeito à distribuição global equitativa de vacinas. Este artigo explora os desafios para a cooperação internacional em matéria de saúde global e, especificamente, para a distribuição justa de vacinas à escala global. Apresentaremos os principais obstáculos aos esforços cooperativos e uma resposta interessante, como o mecanismo COVAX, um esquema de redistribuição cooperativa que foi lançado recentemente pela OMS, CEPI e Gavi. Considerando o COVAX como um primeiro passo louvável e necessário para melhorar a cooperação internacional em saúde, argumentamos que o mecanismo precisa de identificar as áreas de potencial melhoria.; El mundo ha sido testigo de una de las respuestas más rápidas a una nueva enfermedad, en términos de desarrollo de drogas y vacunas. Sin embargo, pese al hecho de que se han desarrollado vacunas seguras y efectivas para el COVID-19 a un paso impresionante; la cooperación internacional en relación al acceso equitativo a las vacunas parece haber fallado. Este artículo explora los desafíos a la cooperación internacional que se plantean en relación a la salud global y, específicamente, a la distribución justa de vacunas a escala global. Presentaremos algunos obstáculos a los esfuerzos cooperativos, así como también una respuesta interesante como lo es la del mecanismo COVAX, un sistema cooperativo de redistribución que ha sido recientemente introducido por la OMS, CEPI y GAVI. Aunque consideramos a COVAX un primer paso meritorio y necesario para mejorar la cooperación internacional en salud; argumentamos que el mecanismo necesita identificar áreas de mejora.