A Monolithic Solid-State Sodium–Sulfur Battery with Al-Doped Na 3.4 Zr 2 (Si 0.8 P 0.2 O 4 ) 3 Electrolyte Lu, Liang; Lu, Yao; Alonso, José Antonio; Lopez, Carlos Alberto; Fernández Díaz, Maria Teresa; Zou, Bingsuo; Sun, Chunwen The limit of the energy density and increasing security issues on sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) impede their further development. Solid-state sodium metal batteries are potential candidates to replace the present SIBs. However, low ionic conductivity and poor interface contact hinder their progress. In this work, the impact of Al doping on the crystalline structure and ionic transport in Na3.4Zr2(Si0.8P0.2O4)3 was studied by neutron powder diffraction. The ionic conductivity of Na3.5Zr1.9Al0.1Si2.4P0.6O12 achieves 4.43 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 50 °C. The polarization voltage of the Na||Na symmetric battery is about 40 mV after cycling for more than 1600 h. Moreover, a solid-state sodium-sulfur battery with a monolithic structure was constructed to alleviate the interfacial resistance problems. Its specific discharge capacity can still keep 300 mA h g-1 after 480 cycles at 300 mA g-1. The work provides a promising strategy to design solid-state sodium-sulfur batteries with high performances.

Landscape Engineering Impacts the Long-Term Stability of Agricultural Populations Freeman, Jacob; Anderies, John M.; Beckman, Noelle G.; Robinson, Erick; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Bird, Darcy; Nicholson, Christopher; Finley, Judson Byrd; Capriles, José M.; Gil, Adolfo Fabian; Byers, David; Gayo, Eugenia; Latorre, Claudio Explaining the stability of human populations provides knowledge for understanding the resilience of human societies to environmental change. Here, we use archaeological radiocarbon records to evaluate a hypothesis drawn from resilience thinking that may explain the stability of human populations: Faced with long-term increases in population density, greater variability in the production of food leads to less stable populations, while lower variability leads to more stable populations. However, increased population stability may come with the cost of larger collapses in response to rare, large-scale environmental perturbations. Our results partially support this hypothesis. Agricultural societies that relied on extensive landscape engineering to intensify production and tightly control variability in the production of food experienced the most stability. Contrary to the hypothesis, these societies also experienced the least severe population declines. We propose that the interrelationship between landscape engineering and increased political-economic complexity reduces the magnitude of population collapses in a region.

Molecular mechanisms underlying responses of the Antarctic coral Malacobelemnon daytoni to ocean acidification Servetto, Natalia; de Aranzamendi, Maria Carla; Bettencourt, R.; Held, Christoph; Abele, D.; Movilla, J.; Gonzalez, Germán Alexis; Bustos, Diego Martin; Sahade, Ricardo Jose Benthic organisms of the Southern Ocean are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA), as they inhabit cold waters where calcite-aragonite saturation states are naturally low. OA most strongly affects animals with calcium carbonate skeletons or shells, such as corals and mollusks. We exposed the abundant cold-water coral Malacobelemnon daytoni from an Antarctic fjord to low pH seawater (LpH) (7.68 ± 0.17) to test its physiological responses to OA, at the level of gene expression (RT-PCR) and enzyme activity. Corals were exposed in short- (3 days) and long-term (54 days) experiments to two pCO2 conditions (ambient and elevated pCO2 equaling RCP 8.5, IPCC 2019, approximately 372.53 and 956.78 μatm, respectively). Of the eleven genes studied through RT-PCR, six were significantly upregulated compared with control in the short-term in the LpH condition, including the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), Toll-like receptor (TLR), galaxin and ferritin. After long-term exposure to low pH conditions, RT-PCR analysis showed seven genes were upregulated. These include the mannose-binding C-Lectin and HSP90. Also, the expression of TLR and galaxin, among others, continued to be upregulated after long-term exposure to LpH. Expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA), a key enzyme involved in calcification, was also significantly upregulated after long-term exposure. Our results indicated that, after two months, M. daytoni is not acclimatized to this experimental LpH condition. Gene expression profiles revealed molecular impacts that were not evident at the enzyme activity level. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the physiological processes in the response of a coral to LpH is critical to understanding the ability of polar species to cope with future environmental changes. Approaches integrating molecular tools into Antarctic ecological and/or conservation research make an essential contribution given the current ongoing OA processes.

Potential distribution models from two highly endemic species of subterranean rodents of Argentina: which environmental variables have better performance in highly specialized species? Austrich, Ailin; Kittlein, Marcelo Javier; Mora, Matias Sebastian; Mapelli, Fernando Javier South American rodents of the genus Ctenomys (tuco-tucos) occupy the underground environment, present high specificity to loose and friable soils and have restricted mobility, with a generally fragmented distribution. We use species distribution models (SDMs) in two Ctenomys species from the Atlantic coast and continental areas of Argentina. We develop SDMs using Maxent software for Ctenomys australis and Ctenomys talarum, which coexist in a narrow coastal landscape with restricted distributions. We model the potential distributions of both species using, first, bioclimatic variables (Group 1), and second, Landsat 8 bands and granulometric layers (Group 2). According to the known distributions of the species, the Group 2 variables showed the greatest accuracy for inferring their potential distributions. The most important variables for predicting habitat suitability were, primarily, the majority of granulometric variables and some Landsat 8 bands such as the bands 4 and 5, related to the vegetation cover. We also analyze the level of overlapping niches between these two species, and we found that there is a certain degree of geographical overlap between them, and also present ecologically similar niches, despite the fact that the characteristics of their habitats differ in certain aspects. We conclude that in tuco-tucos species, their potential distributions are better predicted by variables that consider the particular characteristics of soils and cover vegetation, since they are specialized species of substrates. Also, a higher spatial resolution allows a better performance of the Ctenomys species models, which was expected for species with restricted distributions.

On the relation between the astrophysical neutrino fluxes and the cosmic ray fluxes Roulet, Esteban Some generalizations of the relation between high-energy astrophysical neutrino and cosmic ray fluxes are obtained, taking into account present results on the cosmic ray spectrum and composition as well as a more realistic modeling of the Galactic and extragalactic cosmic ray components down to PeV energies. It is found that the level of neutrino fluxes measured by IceCube can be consistent with sources that are thin to escaping protons. This could also make it easier for heavier nuclei to be emitted from the sources without suffering excessive disintegration processes.

Roberto Santoro: retrato del poeta como saltimbanqui Catalano, María Agustina Este artículo analiza la imagen de escritor en Roberto Santoro (1939-1977) desde un diálogo doble: con la figura del saltimbanqui, desarrollada por Jean Starobinski en su ensayo Retrato del artista como saltimbanqui, y con el modelo del escritor-intelectual comprometido, vigente durante los años 60 y 70. Para ello, consideraremos los poemarios, publicaciones en revistas y algunas intervenciones públicas o de índole artística y cultural de Santoro.

Varieties of K-lattices Aglianò, Paolo; Marcos, Miguel In this paper we deal with varieties of commutative residuated lattices that arise from a specific kind of construction: the twist-product of a lattice. Twist-products were first considered by Kalman in 1958 to deal with order involutions on plain lattices, but the extension of this concept to residuated lattices has attracted some attention lately. Here we deal mainly with varieties of such lattices that can be obtained by applying a specific twist-product construction to varieties of integral and commutative residuated lattices.

Lamb and wool provisioning ecosystem services in Southern Patagonia Peri, Pablo Luis; Rosas, Yamina Micaela; Rivera, Emilio; Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José In Southern Patagonia, grasslands are the principal food resource for sheep reared for meat and wool as the main provisioning ecosystem services (ES). The main objective of this study was to model lamb and wool production as provisioning ES at a regional scale using climatic, topo-graphic, and vegetation variables from sheep farms across Santa Cruz province. At a regional level, animal yield ranged from 0.25 to 0.69 g lamb/m2/yr and 0.10 to 0.19 g greasy wool/m2/yr. We used multiple regression models to produce maps of lamb and wool provisioning ES across Santa Cruz province. The model for variation of lamb production explained 96% of the variance in the data and the most significant predictor variables were temperature seasonality, normalized vegetation index (NVDI, dimensionless), and desertification index. The most important variables for the model of greasy wool production were isothermality, temperature seasonality, and NVDI, which together explained 98% of the variance. The lowest CF values of both products (lamb and wool) were located in more productive grasslands. There were differences in lamb and wool production across vegetation types with the highest values being located in more productive grasslands (0.51 g lamb/m2/yr in Nothofagus antarctica forest and 0.15 g greasy wool/m2/yr in Magellanic grass steppe and N. ant-arctica). Lamb and greasy wool yields decreased with desertification gradient due to erosion pro-cesses. The main limitation of the model is related to the data availability at landscape level, which must be improved in future studies by accounting for soil type, fertility, and soil water content. The results of lamb and wool production found in the present work assist in characterizing the provisioning ES ecosystem of livestock products in Southern Patagonia. The successful management of livestock becomes an important challenge to the commercial and policy communities to satisfy so-ciety’s need for food and wool products under sustainable grassland management.

The roman peasantry in Virgil’s Aeneid; El campesino romano en la Eneida de Virgilio Ames, Maria Cecilia El recuerdo de las guerras que tuvieron lugar en el Lacio y sus consecuencias concretas para la elite campesina italiana en particular y los campesinos y labradores romanos en general, son elementos que el lector romano contemporáneo de Virgilio debe haber reconocido en la obra inmediatamente en forma de alusiones y referencias, mientras para nosotros parecen veladas y exigen un ejercicio de búsqueda e interpretación. Como ciudadano de una Roma en la cima de su esplendor, bajo el impero de Augusto, y como poeta proveniente de una comarca italiana, Virgilio es un autor sensible a las heridas que provocaron las distintas guerras en el cuerpo social y ha vertido en la obra épica su recuerdo y su versión de la historia como un acto de memoria y homenaje, no sólo a los héroes que pelearon por Roma, sino a la totalidad de soldados y campesinos anónimos, que a su regreso encontraron desoladas las tierras de cultivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es centrarnos en las menciones del despoblamiento de los campos en Eneida y analizarlas como acto de memoria, es decir como formador de un horizonte de lectura para los contemporáneos de Virgilio, que sin duda hacen presente el pasado de las guerras a través de una de sus consecuencias más influyentes, la transformación del campo italiano y de la elite campesina.; The recollection of the wars that took place in Latium and their concrete consequences for the Italian peasant elite in particular and the Roman peasants and laborers in general, are elements the contemporary reader of Virgil must have recognized immediately in the form of allusions and references, while for us they appear veiled and demand an exercise of search and interpretation. As a citizen of Rome at the peak of its splendor, under Augustus’s rule, and as a poet from an Italian county, Virgil is an author that is sensitive to the wounds inflicted on the social body by different wars and he has poured his recollections and his version of history into his work as an act of memory and homage, not only for the heroes who fought for Rome but also for all the soldiers and anonymous peasants who returned to find their farmlands devastated. This work aims to focus on the references to the depopulation of fields in the Aeneid and to analyze them as an act of memory, that is to say, as something that creates a reading horizon for Virgil’s contemporaries who undoubtedly bring past wars to the present through one of their most influential consequences, the transformation of the Italian countryside and the peasant elite.

Performance of surface winds from atmospheric reanalyses in the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean Pescio, Andrés Esteban; Dragani, Walter Cesar; Martin, Paula Beatriz Sea surface wind (10-m high) is one of the most important variables for oceanic applications. The zonal and meridional surface wind components from seven global atmospheric reanalyses [National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis 1, NCEP/Department of Energy Reanalysis 2, NCEP/climate forecast system reanalysis (CFSR), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application V2, and the ERA5 Reanalysis] were compared with surface winds retrieved from QuikScat/SeaWinds and Ascat scatterometers, and with surface ground winds measured in eight coastal meteorological stations, at the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean, between 35° and 55°S and 55° and 70°W, approximately. Bias, root mean squared error and the Pearson linear correlation coefficient for the zonal and meridional wind components were estimated in this study. The effects of the atmospheric stability, the surface currents and the discontinuity between land and sea roughness on the satellite data are discussed in this paper. It was concluded that Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application, Version 2 reanalysis is the product that better fitted with satellite data, and ERA5 follows it in performance. CFSR, ERA-Interim and JRA-55 reanalyses also presented very good performances. Surface winds from NR1 and NR2 reanalysis showed the largest differences with satellite data. ERA5 reanalysis was the database that better compared with the coastal observations measured at the meteorological stations. Surface winds measured at meteorological stations are, in general, worse represented by the reanalyses than satellite data. This last could be due to the discontinuity between land and sea roughness, and because the topography is not completely represented by the atmospheric global models.

Identification and characterization of basic copper sulfates as mineral green pigments in Andean colonial mural paintings: Use of temperature-controlled stage for the study of thermal induced antlerite degradation Tomasini, Eugenia Paula; Costantini, Ilaria; Rúa Landa, Carlos; Guzmán, Fernando Diego; Pereira, Magdalena; Castro, Kepa; Siracusano, Gabriela Silvana; Madariaga, Juan Manuel; Maier, Marta Silvia This work describes the characterization of green pigments in wall paintings from the Andean churches of San José de Soracachi and Santiago de Callapa in Bolivia, located on an ancient colonial commercial route known as the Silver Route. To approach our goal, microsamples extracted from the mural paintings and mineral samples, from a mine of the same area, were studied by using micro-Raman spectroscopy complemented with micro-energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ-EDXRF) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis. The use of gypsum as the preparation layer was detected, and it suggests a secco painting technique. Antlerite, a basic copper sulfate, was identified suggesting a preference for its use as green pigment in the mural paintings of Andean churches that may be related to the local availability of this mineral. Indeed, this study revealed the presence of heterogeneous particles of the basic copper sulfate together with aluminosilicates, quartz and iron oxides among others, which points to a mineral origin of the green pigment because the same compounds were found in the samples taken in the mine. Because a phase transition has been noticed during the Raman analyses, due to a high power of the laser radiation, some tests have been carried out, varying the laser power, and coupling the Raman spectrometer to a temperature-controlled stage to verify under which conditions the degradation of the mineral sample of antlerite occurs allowing in this way a correct characterization of basic copper sulfate pigments. These results contribute to the study of the Andean colonial artistic cultural heritage, and this information will be made available for the construction of a database of local pigments of mineral origin used in Andean colonial art.

Efecto del estrés térmico por altas temperaturas durante floración e inicio de llenado de granos en diferentes genotipos de arroz (Oryza Sativa l.) Gregori, Leonardo Agustín; Pirchi, Héctor Javier; Arguissain, Gustavo Gabriel; Iglesias, A. I.; Crepy, Maria Andrea; Caluva, E. C.; Pachecoy, María Inés El calentamiento global se ha convertido en uno de los problemas más complejos que afectan a la producción agrícola. El cambio climático global ha generado un incremento de la temperatura del aire de 0,5 °C en el siglo XX (Maraseni et al., 2009). Masuduzzaman et al (2016) mencionan que las emisiones globales de dióxido de carbono, causado por las actividades humanas, alcanzó un récord en 2011 y es probable un aumento significativo en los años siguientes, favoreciendo así al aumento de la temperatura del aire a nivel global. El informe de síntesis sobre cambio climático 2014, generado por el Grupo Intergubernamental de expertos sobre cambio climático (IPCC) indica que, durante este siglo, es muy factible que la temperatura de la superficie global aumente de 1,1 a 2,9 °C y de 2,4°C a 6,4°C para escenarios con emisiones de dióxido de carbono bajas y altas, respectivamente (IPCC, 2014). Khan et al. (2019) indican que el aumento de la temperatura reduciría la producción de arroz cerca de un 40% a finales del siglo XXI. Del mismo modo, Peng et al. (2004), sostienen grandes pérdidas de rendimiento de arroz en respuesta al incremento en la temperatura diurna y nocturna, las cuales aumentaran en frecuencia y severidad. El estrés por calor se puede definir como un conjunto de daños irreversibles en el metabolismo, que genera cambios en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, causado por las altas temperaturas. Estas temperaturas generan cambios anatómicos, morfológicos y funcionales en las plantas, algunos similares a los producidos por el estrés hídrico, tales como: reducción del tamaño de las células, reducida conductancia estomática y cierre de estomas, cambios en la permeabilidad de las membranas, incrementos de la densidad de estomas y tricomas, y vasos del xilema de mayor tamaño (ChavesBarrantes et al., 2017). En arroz, las altas temperaturas del aire en floración inducen a la deficiente dehiscencia de las anteras con escaso desprendimiento del polen, resultando en un aumento de la esterilidad (Matsui et al., 2002). Durante llenado de granos, las altas temperaturas alteran la removilización de fotoasimilados, acortan la duración de este período, reduciendo de este modo el rendimiento y calidad del grano (Kim et al., 2011). La resistencia al calor de una planta se puede clasificar en evitación, escape y tolerancia. En el mecanismo de escape, la planta intenta completar su período reproductivo antes del inicio del estrés. En el caso de evitación, la planta mantiene un alto estado hídrico al reducir el área foliar, cerrando las estomas. Así también, otros mecanismos de evitación son la emergencia de la panoja y de antesis por la mañana en condiciones menos estresantes, cobertura de la panoja que permita reducir la tasa de evaporación de las anteras, hojas superiores largas y erectas que protejan la panoja de condiciones de temperatura elevada. La capacidad de tolerancia de una planta al calor, es su capacidad de mostrar un normal crecimiento y mantener los niveles productivos en condiciones de alta temperatura. El mantenimiento de una alta tasa fotosintética ante un estrés térmico se correlaciona positivamente con la tolerancia al calor (Cao et al., 2003). Chaves-Barrantes et al. (2017) mencionan que existen otros mecanismos de tolerancia que incluyen alteraciones en la composición lipídica de las membranas, producción de antioxidantes, la acumulación de osmolitos compatibles y pigmentos. La presencia de estomas abiertos en condiciones de alta temperatura, permiten mantener una mayor conductancia estomática, indicando que las tasas de fotosíntesis y transpiración son potencialmente más altas. Existe escasa información disponible sobre características de evitación y mecanismos de tolerancia al estrés térmico en arroz. Se considera muy importante poder identificar fuentes de tolerancia a estas condiciones de altas temperaturas. El objetivo del trabajo corresponde a identificar caracteres asociados a una mayor tolerancia a estrés térmico por altas temperaturas durante floración e inicio de llenado de granos.

La ideología queer y sus dispositivos económico-políticos para sustituir el “sexo” por la “identidad de género”; Queer ideology and its economic-political devices to substitute "sex" for "gender identity" Binetti, María José El objetivo de este artículo consiste en visibilizar los supuestos constructivistas y relativistas de la ideología queer, y su aplicación en materia socio-política. La propuesta central de esta ideología consiste en eliminar la diferencia sexual y normalizar en su lugar identidades de género múltiples y diversas, correspondientes con el modo en que cada uno siente y percibe los estereotipos sexistas de su cultura. Como toda ideología, su finalidad es económica y reside en la des-regulación del mercado global de cuerpos, sexos e identidades. El lobby corporativo de la agenda queer-neoliberal financia políticas públicas tendientes a perpetuar la subordinación sexo-reproductiva de las mujeres mediante la estrategia de reducir la diferencia sexual a una auto-percepción de género y eliminar la especificidad de sus derechos, garantías, protecciones y espacios. El proyecto político del feminismo es así fragmentado en grupos de identidad minoritarios e interseccionados; y los derechos humanos, convertidos en los deseos privados de algunos.; This article aims at showing the constructivist and relativist assumptions of queer ideology, and its application in the socio-political field. The main proposal of this ideology consists of eliminating the sexual difference and normalizing instead the multiple and diverse gender identities, corresponding with the way in which each one feels and perceives the sexist stereotypes of their culture. Like all ideology, its purpose is economic and resides in the deregulation of the global market of bodies, sexes and identities. The corporate lobby of the queer-neoliberal agenda funds public policies aimed at perpetuating the sexualreproductive subordination of women through the strategy of reducing sexual difference to a self-perception of gender and eliminating the specificity of its rights, guarantees, protections and spaces. Like so, the political project of feminism is fragmented into minority and intersecting identity groups; and human rights, turned into the private desires of someone.

Entre apropiaciones, resistencias e intentos de conversión religiosa: niños y niñas indígenas ante propuestas escolares católicas en Argentina; Between appropriations, resistances and attempts of religious conversion: indigenous children facing Catholic schools projects in Argentina Garcia Palacios, Mariana Ines; Szulc, Andrea Paola Desde el comienzo de los procesos de conquista y colonización de los pueblos indígenas en Argentina, la Iglesia Católica desempeñó un rol crucial, destinando gran parte de sus esfuerzos evangelizadores hacia los niños y niñas de tales pueblos. Esto ha implicado en distintas regiones el desarrollo de una red de escuelas confesionales en las que, de diversas maneras, se ha procurado transmitirles conocimientos y significados religiosos. Nuestro propósito en este artículo es analizar comparativamente las propuestas contemporáneas de distintas congregaciones de la Iglesia Católica hacia los/as niños/as mapuche y tobas/qom, indagando, a la vez, los modos en los que los/as propios/as niños/as recepcionan dichas propuestas. Como tales procesos distan tanto de ser homogéneos como de ser lineales, concluiremos planteando una reflexión antropológica sobre los conceptos de apropiación y agencia infantil.; The Catholic Church has played a key role in the processes of conquest and colonization of indigenous peoples in Argentina. Its efforts were addressed to a great extent to indigenous children. This, in many regions, implied the development of an important net of religious schools where, in different ways, they have tried to transmit to these children catholic contents and meanings. In this paper we set out to analyze comparatively contemporary projects of different catholic congregations towards Mapuche and Toba/Qom children, exploring simultaneously how children themselves receive such proposals. Considering such processes are not homogenous nor lineal, we will conclude putting forward anthropological insights on children’s appropriation and agency concepts.

Tras las huellas de los humillados: una exploración cuantitativa sobre avergonzamiento en Argentina; Clues of the humiliated: a quantitative exploration of shaming in Argentina; Nas pegadas dos humilhados: uma exploração quantitativa da vergonha na Argentina Seid, Gonzalo Javier En este artículo se propone explorar algunas condiciones en las que tiene lugar la experiencia de haberse sentido avergonzado o humillado. Se analiza información de la Encuesta Nacional de Estructura Social llevada a cabo en el año 2015 por el Programa de Investigación sobre la Sociedad Argentina Contemporánea (pisac). Se trató de una muestra probabilística, estratificada y polietápica en la que se relevaron 8,265 hogares de localidades de más de 2,000 habitantes de todo el país. En uno de los bloques del cuestionario se incluyeron preguntas acerca de si en el último año alguien en el hogar había padecido distintas situaciones, entre ellas la de haber sido menospreciado, avergonzado o humillado. A lo largo de este escrito, se analizan las respuestas a esta pregunta del cuestionario en relación con otras variables. La exploración de las condiciones que hacen más probable la experiencia de la humillación permite identificar los perfiles de las subpoblaciones más expuestas y generar hipótesis mediante razonamientos abductivos.; This article aims to explore some conditions in which takes place the experience of feeling ashamed or humiliated. We analyzed information from the National Survey of Social Structure carried out in 2015 by the Research Program on Contemporary Argentine Society (pisac). It was a probabilistic, stratified and multi-stage sample in which were surveyed 8,265 households in towns with more than 2,000 inhabitants throughout the country. In one of the blocks of the questionnaire there were questions about whether in the last year someone in the household had suffered different situations, including having been belittled, embarrassed or humiliated. Throughout this writing, the responses to this questionnaire question are analyzed in relation to other variables. The exploration of the conditions that make the experience of humiliation more likely allows us to identify the profiles of the most exposed subpopulations and generate hypotheses through abductive reasoning.; Este artigo se propõe a explorar algumas condições em que ocorre a experiência de sentir-se envergonhado ou humilhado. São analisadas as informações da Pesquisa Nacional de Estrutura Social realizada em 2015 pelo Programa de Pesquisas sobre a Sociedade Argentina Contemporânea (pisac). Tratou-se de uma amostra probabilística, estratificada e em múltiplos estágios, em que foram pesquisados 8,265 domicílios em municípios com mais de 2,000 habitantes em todo o país. Em um dos blocos do questionário, foram incluídas questões sobre se no último ano alguém da família havia sofrido diversas situações, incluindo ter sido menosprezado, constrangido ou humilhado. Ao longo desta escrita, as respostas a esta questão do questionário são analisadas em relação a outras variáveis. A exploração das condições que tornam mais provável a vivência da humilhação permite identificar os perfis das subpopulações mais expostas e gerar hipóteses por meio do raciocínio abdutivo.

Screening and detection of chromosomal copy number alterations in the domestic horse using SNP-array genotyping data Pirosanto, Yamila; Laseca, Nora; Valera, M.; Molina, A.; Moreno Millán, Miguel; Bugno Poniewierska, M.; Ross, P.; Azor, P.; Demyda Peyrás, Sebastián Chromosomal abnormalities are a common cause of infertility in horses. However, they are difficult to detect using automated methods. Here, we propose a simple methodology based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array data that allows us to detect the main chromosomal abnormalities in horses in a single procedure. As proof of concept, we were able to detect chromosomal abnormalities in 33 out of 268 individuals, including monosomies, chimerisms, and male and female sex-reversions, by analyzing the raw signal intensity produced by an SNP array-based genotyping platform. We also demonstrated that the procedure is not affected by the SNP density of the array employed or by the inbreeding level of the individuals. Finally, the methodology proposed in this study could be performed in an open bioinformatic environment, thus permitting its integration as a flexible screening tool in diagnostic laboratories and genomic breeding programs.

Non-thermal plasmas affect plant growth and DNA methylation patterns in glycine max Pérez Pizá, María Cecilia; Ibañez, Verónica Noé; Varela, Anabella Mercedes; Cejas, E.; Ferreyra, M.; Chamorro Garcés, Juan Camilo; Zilli, Carla Giannina; Vallecorsa, Pablo Daniel; Fina, Brenda Lorena; Prevosto, Leandro; Marfil, Carlos Federico; Balestrasse, Karina Beatriz Non-thermal plasmas (NTP) are partially ionized gases that represent a promising technology for seed treatment to enhance seed health while promoting germination and vigor in a fast, cost-effective, and eco-friendly way. The seed treatment with NTP generates phenotypic variations in plants that could be related to changes in DNA methylation. This work analyses the effects of two different NTP: nitrogen for 3 min (PMN3) and oxygen for 2 min (PMO2) applied to soybean (Glycine max) seeds. Growth parameters of plants grown from treated and untreated seeds were evaluated at two growth stages: 6 and 20 days after sowing (DAS). MSAP (Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism) markers were assayed to evaluate epigenetic changes induced by NTP treatments. Plants obtained from PMN3 and PMO2-treated seeds were phenotypically similar to each other: exhibited a superior growth at both stages. At 6 DAS root and shoot length and fresh weight surpassed the Control, while at 20 DAS root length and fresh and dry weight were higher than Control. PMN3 and PMO2 induced DNA methylation changes with respect to the Control plants, with higher differentiation at 20 DAS than at 6 DAS. The epigenetic variability and the phenotypic variability correlated only at 20 DAS (R2 = 0.5). The observed phenotypic differences among Control and NTP-treated plants could not be explained by overall changes in the methylation levels, but both demethylation and methylation changes at specific loci appear to be operating in response to NTP treatments.

Genealogía eólica argentina (1990-2020); Genealogia eólica argentina (1990-2020) Clementi, Luciana Vanesa; Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia; Jacinto, Guillermina Paula En Argentina, el potencial eólico constituye un yacimiento inagotable de energía limpia. Desde los años 1990, los aerogeneradores de media y alta potencia se expanden en distintas regiones del país. El artículo busca construir la genealogía eólica argentina, entendiéndola como la evolución de los aerogeneradores o parques instalados en el territorio nacional, para conocer así el desarrollo del sector, desde sus comienzos hasta el presente. La investigación se apoya en el empleo de fuentes secundarias documentales y estadísticas en complemento con información primaria, a partir de observación en terreno y una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves. Tres generaciones eólicas parecen coexistir en el territorio, mostrando diferentes características, momentos y actores. Los aerogeneradores devienen los protagonistas en la transición energética, motor de sistemas eléctricos renovables.; Na Argentina, o potencial eólico é um depósito inesgotável de energia limpa. Desde a década de 1990, as turbinas eólicas de média e alta potência têm vindo a expandir-se em diferentes regiões do país. O artigo procura construir a genealogia eólica argentina, entendendo-a como a evolução das turbinas eólicas ou parques instalados no território nacional, para conhecer o desenvolvimento do setor, desde os seus primórdios até ao presente. A investigação baseia-se na utilização de fontes documentais secundárias e estatísticas, para além de informação primária a partir da observação de campo e de uma série de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com informadores-chave. Três gerações eólicas parecem coexistir no território, mostrando diferentes características, momentos e atores. As turbinas eólicas tornam-se os protagonistas da transição energética, motor de sistemas elétricos renováveis.

Agroecologías pampeanas. Eco-lógicas instituyentes de producción local de alimentos; Pampean agroecologies. Instituting eco-logics of local food production Cravero, Romina Beatriz En este artículo exploramos la pregunta antropológica sobre el “cómo” se produce agroecología, que nos habilitará un desplazamiento desde la indagación por la agroecología, en singular y como un marco normativo, hacia las prácticas agroecológicas, en plural y ancladas en el hacer cotidiano de las personas. Pondremos en primer plano las experiencias de nuestros/as interlocutores para caracterizar las formas de crear y reproducir vida y trabajo rural en cuatro establecimientos de la región pampeana de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, intentando tanto marcar la variabilidad entre estos, así como extraer algunas premisas que constituyen a la lógica que organiza y estructura sus prácticas de producción. Identificamos que operan una agro-eco-lógica que pone en el centro las relaciones entre especies y entidades en la actividad primaria y permite poner en evidencia una co-producción de alimentos. Aquel entramado de relaciones es condición de posibilidad para que puedan resistir y existir, para crear formas de vivir y trabajar en los márgenes de la hegemonía del agronegocio. Finalmente, reflexionaremos sobre las relaciones que se establecen entre agroecología y agronegocio.; In this paper we explore the anthropological question about “how” agroecology is produced, which will enable us to move from the inquiry into agroecology, in the singular and as a normative framework, towards agroecological practices, in the plural and anchored in the daily activities of people. We will put in the foreground the experiences of our interlocutors to characterize the ways of create and reproduce rural life and work in four establishments in the Pampas region of the province of Córdoba, Argentina, trying to mark the variability between them, as well as to extract some premises that constitute the logic that organizes and structures its production practices. It was identified that they operate an agro-eco-logic that puts the relations between species and entities in the primary activity at the center and allows to show a co-production of food. That network of relationships is a condition of possibility so that they can resist and exist, to create ways of living and working on the margins of agribusiness hegemony. Finally, we will reflect on the relationships that are established between agroecology and agribusiness.

Effects of intensive human management on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ground beetles in a planted forest landscape Nanni, Analía Soledad; Krug, Cecilia Pamela; Cicchino, Armando Conrado; Quintana, Rubén D. The rapid expansion of planted forests harms native biodiversity. Few studies report the effects of replacing wetlands with planted forests on ground beetles. We analyze how the taxonomic and functional diversity of ground beetles are affected by intensive management of a planted forest landscape in the Lower Delta of the Parana River. We defined six habitat types (n = 3, N = 18): young and mature willow (YW, MW), young and mature poplar without cattle (YP, MP), young and mature silvopastoral poplar (YS, MS). Using pitfall traps (N = 1728), we recorded 35 species (1896 individuals). YW and MS reached the highest taxonomic diversity and richness. YW with more vertical heterogeneity showed higher species richness than MW. Hydrophilic species were more abundant in YW. Zoophagous species were more abundant in MS. YS, MS, and YW reached the highest functional evenness, which implies that a large part of the functional niches was used. Cattle dung and freshwater canals for livestock offer more resources for ground beetles. The planted tree species, stand age, and presence of cattle affects taxonomic and functional diversity of ground beetles. Willow and silvopastoral planted forests are the most suitable habitats for hosting wetland species. So, we recommend using willow species rather than poplar species when planted forests replace fluvial wetlands, increasing irrigation of poplar planted forests through ditches and canals, conserving or restoring different strata of understory to increase vertical heterogeneity, and maintaining the landscape heterogeneity. These management measures are essential to prevent the loss of wetland species and conserve ground beetle’s diversity.