Los labradores de Buenos Aires: control, obligaciones y auxilio entre mediados del siglo XVIII y las primeras décadas del XIX; The farmers of Buenos Aires: control, obligations and assistance between the middle of the 18th century and the first decades of the 19th Pelozatto Reilly, Mauro Luis Este artículo se propone exponer un análisis descriptivo de las intervenciones del Cabildo de Buenos Aires y de las representaciones de los actores sociales clasificados como labradores, sobre distintos asuntos, vinculados con el abasto de productos agrícolas, comercio, precios, almacenamiento, impuestos y actividades productivas, entre otros. Para realizarlo, se revisaron los Acuerdos del Extinguido Cabildo de Buenos Aires. El período estudiado se enmarca entre la intensificación de las Reformas Borbónicas y los primeros efectos económicos de las Guerras de Independencia.; This article aims to present a descriptive analysis of the interventions of the Cabildo of Buenos Aires and of the representations of social actors classified as farmers, on different issues, related to the supply of agricultural products, trade, prices, storage, taxes and productive activities, among others. To do so, the Agreements of the extinct Buenos Aires were reviewed. The period studied is framed between the intensification of the Bourbon Reforms and the first economic effects of the Wars of the Independence

Criminalización y jóvenes en Argentina: Reflexiones sobre la situación penal y alternativas al encierro carcelario; Criminalization and youth in Argentina: Reflections on the criminal situation and alternatives to prison confinement Otero, Analia; Barrera, Yael Históricamente y hasta nuestros días, los varones de sectores populares constituyen un grupo poblacional preponderante en el sistema carcelario argentino. En este artículo nos ocuparemos de reflexionar sobre la vinculación existente entre sectores populares y sistema penal punitivo. Partiendo de ello, el objetivo es analizar en base a las estadísticas disponibles y los distintos aportes teóricos relacionados con los estudios sobre el castigo y la sociedad, cual es la particularidad que adquiere el encierro y el castigo penal para los jóvenes varones pobres. Asimismo, se apuntan alternativas al encierro carcelario señalando fundamentalmente la creación de cooperativas que resultan ejemplos concretos del contexto local, como la Cooperativa Kbrones, Cooperativa Esquina Libertad y la Cooperativa de trabajo VTF Visión Futuro y Trabajo Limitada. Es así que para reflexionar sobre las modalidades de enfrentar y morigerar los efectos nocivos de la institución carcelaria se rescatan algunas de esas experiencias.; Historically and to this day, men from popular sectors constitute a preponderant population group in the Argentine prison system. In this article we will take care of reflecting on the existing link between popular sectors and the punitive penal system. Based on this, the objective is to analyze, based onthe available statistics and the different theoretical contributions related to studies on punishment and society, what is the particularity that confinement and criminal punishment acquires for poor young men. Likewise, alternatives to prison confinement are pointed out, fundamentally pointing out the creation of cooperatives that are concrete examples of the local context, such as the Kbrones Cooperative, the Esquina Libertad Cooperative and the VTF Vision Future and Limited Work Cooperative. Thus, in order to reflect on the modalities of facing and mitigating the harmful effects of the prison institution, some of those experiences are rescued.

Política y represión. Un estudio empírico del reclutamiento de intendentes en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura cívico-militar (Argentina, 1976-1983); Politics and repression. An empirical study of the recruitment of mayors in the province of Buenos Aires during the last civil-military dictatorship (Argentina, 1976-1983) Canelo, Paula Vera The article carries out an empirical study of the recruitment of mayors in the province of Buenos Aires during the last civil-military dictatorship in Argentina. First, it analyses the evolution of the process of militarisation of the recruitment of the highest municipal authorities between 1976 and 1983. Second, it studies the link between the designation of political authorities and three factors considered strategic from a military point of view: population density, industrial population and higher education or university student population in each municipality. Finally, it takes stock of the general characteristics of Buenos Aires mayors, in terms of origin, distribution, previous experience and stability between 1976 and 1983.El artículo realiza un estudio empírico del reclutamiento de intendentes en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura cívico-militar argentina. Primero, analiza la evolución del proceso de militarización del reclutamiento de las máximas autoridades municipales entre 1976 y 1983. Segundo, estudia el vínculo entre designación de autoridades políticas y tres factores considerados estratégicos desde el punto de vista militar: la densidad poblacional, la población industrial y la población estudiantil superior o universitaria, en cada municipio. Finalmente, realiza un balance de las características generales de los intendentes bonaerenses, en términos de procedencia, distribución, experiencia previa y estabilidad entre 1976 y 1983.; : El artículo realiza un estudio empírico del reclutamiento de intendentes en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura cívico-militar argentina. Primero, analiza la evolución del proceso de militarización del reclutamiento de las máximas autoridades municipales entre 1976 y 1983. Segundo, estudia el vínculo entre designación de autoridades políticas y tres factores considerados estratégicos desde el punto de vista militar: la densidad poblacional, la población industrial y la población estudiantil superior o universitaria, en cada municipio. Finalmente, realiza un balance de las características generales de los intendentes bonaerenses, en términos de procedencia, distribución, experiencia previa y estabilidad entre 1976 y 1983.

The effect of physical and biological variables upon condition of Merluccius hubbsi (age-0+) of the northern stock (argentine shelf, SW Atlantic Ocean) Temperoni, Brenda; Luz Clara Tejedor, Moira; Berghoff, Carla Florencia; Derisio, Carla María; Massa, Agueda Elena Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi is one of the most important fishery resources in the Argentinean Continental Shelf (ACS; SW Atlantic Ocean). In the last decades, the Northern stock (34°30′-41°S) has supported a drastic biomass decreasing due to overexploitation. Since the strength of a year class is highly influenced by the survival of age-0+ individuals, studies on their nutritional condition are essential. Age-0+ northern hake nurse in a highly complex oceanographic and ecological system, where environmentally-driven changes upon their physiological status are expected. Hence, several condition (relative condition factor, hepatosomatic index, liver lipid content) and feeding (prey intake) indices were combined with physical (temperature, salinity) and biological (chlorophyll-a concentration, prey abundance) variables to determine spatial variations in age-0+ hake nutritional status. Better conditioned individuals inhabited areas of the study region where chlorophyll-a concentration and zooplanktonic prey abundance exhibited their maximum. A bottom-up control of age-0+ hake physiological status is suggested, mediated by the consumption of the herbivorous euphausiid Euphausia lucens, which was the preferred prey. These lipid-rich prey would be beneficial with respect to other available options in the environment, such as hyperid amphipods. Results complement previous observations upon individuals of the Patagonian stock, and provide a thorough insight into age-0+ Northern hake nutritional status, significantly contributing to M. hubbsi recruitment studies and management in the ACS.

Differential responses in spider oviposition on crop-edge gradients in agroecosystems with different management Pompozzi, Gabriel Alejandro; Marrero, Hugo Javier; Panchuk, Justina; Graffigna, Sofia; Haedo, Joana Paola; Martinez, Lucia Carolina; Torretta, Juan Pablo Semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes offer reproduction and feeding sites for natural predators of pests. Spiders are among the most abundant and diverse generalist predators and can efficiently suppress pest populations in agroecosystems. However, despite the importance of these habitats, there is a significant gap of knowledge on oviposition sites of spiders in agroecosystems. Our main goal was to investigate if semi-natural habitats play an important role in spider oviposition in two crops with different agricultural managements. Our specific objectives were to estimate where spider oviposition is highest (in semi-natural habitats or in crops); if there are different responses between crops (alfalfa and soybeans); and to measure trap-nests efficiency as shelter and breeding places for vegetation-dwelling spiders. We used trap-nest technique, a novel method to collect spiders and their eggsacs. We carried out the study in 15 sites in soybean and 10 sites in alfalfa crops in order to sample spiders’ eggsacs and shelters. Each sampled site consisted of a semi-natural habitat (enclosures or edges) and its adjacent crop. We found that the number of eggsacs decreased from semi-natural habitats towards the interior of the soybean crop and the opposite pattern in alfalfa, where the number of eggsacs significantly increased within the crop. Our results provide evidence that spider reproduction takes place outside the crops, albeit only in soybean crops. Our findings were different in alfalfa with minimum use of agrochemicals and with a lesser seasonal disturbance, with a higher spider oviposition compared to semi-natural habitats. In addition, our results have several important implications for the management of agroecosystems. We consider that the use of these trap-nests is a suitable and a reliable tool to study vegetation-dwelling spiders in different ecosystems.

Long-term effectiveness and adverse effects of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with drug-resistant epilepsy treated at a single center in Argentina Armeno, Marisa; Verini, Antonella; Caballero, María Eugenia; Cresta, Araceli; Reyes Valenzuela, Gabriela; Caraballo, Roberto Horacio Introduction: Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) is a metabolic treatment with proven effectiveness for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children. Although previously not used in infants under 2 years of age, recent studies have shown KDT to be highly effective and well tolerated in infants with epilepsy, especially those with epileptic encephalopathies. Here, we describe the effectiveness and tolerability of the diet in infants up to 2 years of age. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of infants younger than 2 years of age with drug-resistant epilepsy who received the classic ketogenic diet using a specific protocol at a single center in Argentina. Results: 56 infants with treatment-refractory epilepsy were evaluated. The etiology was genetic in 21.4%, structural in 28.6%, unknown in 44.7%, and metabolic in 5.4%. At 3 months, a > 50% decrease in seizure frequency was observed in 35 patients (62.4%), of whom 11 (19.6%) became seizure free. At 6 months, 34 patients (60.7%) had a decrease in seizure frequency of > 50%, of whom 10 (17.8%) were seizure free. At the one-year follow-up, 27 patients (48.2%) had a > 50% decrease in seizure frequency, of whom six (10.7%) were seizure free. At two years, 14 patients (25%) had a > 50% seizure control, of whom four (7.1%) were seizure free. The most common early adverse effects were hypoglycemia and vomiting, while after 1 month and beyond metabolic acidosis, vomiting, and constipation more commonly found. A trend towards a higher rate of acute adverse events in infants younger than 1 year was observed. Conclusions: CKD showed to be a useful option in infants with treatment-resistant epilepsy. Adverse effects were common, but not a reason to discontinue the diet. Further studies are necessary to evaluate in which epilepsy syndromes and etiologies KDT is most effective.

La "cuestión" del acceso a tierra de la Agricultura Familiar en el Cinturón Hortícola de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina); The "issue" of access to land for Family Farming in the Horticultural Belt of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) Mosca, Valeria Ana A través de la utilización de fuentes primarias –recolectadas mediante entrevistas y observaciones participantes- y secundarias –relevamiento de datos censales y estadísticos así como sistematización de bibliografía existente sobre la temática- y basados en una metodología cualitativa, en este artículo buscamos analizar cómo se expresa la cuestión del acceso a tierra de la agricultura familiar en un territorio específico: el Cinturón Hortícola Platense. Para ello hemos buscado responder, por un lado, cuáles son los actores/actividades con las que la agricultura familiar entra en competencia por la tierra, y por otro, cuáles son las modalidades en que accede a la tierra este actor en la actualidad. Luego de haber definido ello veremos las problemáticas de acceso a tierra como condicionantes estructurales en la calidad de vida y modalidad de producción de los agricultores familiares.; Through the use of primary sources - collected through interviews and participant observations - and secondary sources - gathering census and statistical data as well as systematizing existing bibliography on the subject - and based on a qualitative methodology, in this article we seek to analyze how the issue of access to family agriculture land is expressed in a specific territory: The Horticultural Belt of La Plata. To this end, we have sought to answer, on the one hand, which are the actors / activities with which the family agriculture enters into competition for the land, and on the other, what are the modalities in which the family agriculture has access to the land at present. After having defined this, we will see how the problems of access to land are expressed as structural conditions in the quality of life and production modality of family farmers.

Insect marks on bones from La Guillerma archaeological locality (Salado river depression, Buenos Aires, Argentina) Escosteguy, Paula Daniela; Fernandez, Alejandro Ezequiel; Gonzalez, Maria Isabel The La Guillerma archaeological locality is located in the northeast sector of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). Two of its sites (LG1 and LG5), dated between ca. 1400-and 600-years BP, have a great amount of faunal remains including deer, rodents, fish and small birds that are subjected to taphonomic agents and processes (e.g., weathering, manganese, roots). Previous studies have shown osteophagic behaviour in different insects (e.g., Coleoptera, Blattodea). In this paper, we evaluate their incidence on La Guillerma faunal assemblage. We performed an analysis on marks that were identified in bone remains of various taxa and applied the criteria for identifying bone alteration by insects (i.e., by measuring each trace and comparing them with the types of insect marks described in the literature). Fifteen specimens (LG1 = 6 and LG5 = 9) exhibited different types of modifications (e.g., pits with striae in base, pits with emanating striae, striations) that are related to the action of insects. Although the proportion of affected bones is low in relation to the total sample, we highlight our study as the first detailed analysis of insect marks on archaeological bones from Argentina. We also emphasize the significance of addressing insect-produced modifications on Argentinean archaeological sites.

Fronteras, cuerpo y migración: El caso de las travestis/trans sudamericanas residentes en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires; Borders, the body and migration: The case of the resident South Americans Transvestites/Trans in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires Perez Ripossio, Ramiro Nicolas El artículo analiza las dificultades y estrategias que experimentan y llevan a cabo las travestis y trans sudamericanas para traspasar las fronteras geopolíticas y concretar la migración al Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Esta población al enfrentar diferentes hostilidades y vulnerabilidades en sus entornos migra con el fin de constituir un proyecto de vida estable accediendo a derechos. Sin embargo, con-solidar la migración supone atravesar un conjunto de aristas entre las que se encuentran el superar las fronteras geopolíticas y debido a la estigmatización que experimenta esta población. El enfoque del artículo es cualitativo, el método empleado es la teoría fundamentada y la técnica de investigación es la entrevista en profundidad aplicada en 44 casos mediante la construcción de un muestro teórico.; The article analyzes the difficulties and strategies that South American transvestites and transvestites experience and carry out to cross geopolitical borders and carry out migration to the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. This population, when facing different hostilities and vulnerabilities in their environments, migrates in order to establish a stable life project accessing rights. However, consolidating migration implies crossing a set of edges, including overcoming geopolitical borders and due to the stigmatization that this population experiences. The focus of the article is qualitative, the method used is grounded theory and the research technique is the in-depth interview applied in 44 cases through the construction of a theoretical sample.

Individuo y sociedad: Un estudio de la subjetividad en el ideario discursivo de Mauricio Macri; Individual and society: A study of subjectivity in Mauricio Macri's discursive ideology Ciardiello, Micaela; Becerra, Gaston En este trabajo proponemos dilucidar el ideario político del discurso del ex Presidente de la Nación Argentina Mauricio Macri (2015-2019), desde una metodología mixta que combina análisis interpretativo y técnicas estadísticas y computacionales de análisis textual. Particularmente, nos interesa avanzar sobre dos interrogantes: ¿cuál es su concepción del sujeto político? y ¿en qué cosmovisión de la sociedad se sustenta? Los resultados sugieren una concepción del sujeto definido en términos de potencialidades proactivas y emprendedoras que necesitan ser desplegadas para lograr la plenitud y el bienestar personal. Luego, que la suma de dichas potencialidades y capacidades definen lo social y a la sociedad, como si esta fuera una prolongación del individuo, sin una lógica propia y sin una dinámica que exceda la de la voluntad individual. De esta manera, no pareciera reconocerse otro límite o constreñimiento a la acción más que las que provienen de la motivación, por lo que la política adopta la retórica de la autoayuda y el “coaching”. En términos teóricos, esta concepción de la subjetividad y la sociedad se encuentra en línea con algunas perspectivas sociológicas recientes que proponen alejarse de categorías tales como sociedad, socialización, institución y Estado, proponiendo centrarse en el individuo y la acción; In this work we propose to elucidate the political ideology of the speech of the former President of the Argentine Nation Mauricio Macri (2015-2019), from a mixed methodology that combines interpretive analysis and statistical and computational techniques of textual analysis. We are particularly interested in advancing on two questions: what is his conception of the political subject? And on what worldview of society is it based on? The results suggest a conception of the subject defined in terms of proactive and entrepreneurial potentialities that need to be deployed to achieve fulfillment and personal well-being. Then, that the sum of these potentialities and capacities define the social and society, as if it were an extension of the individual, without its own logic and without a dynamic that exceeds that of individual will. In this way, no other limit or constraint to action seems to be recognized other than those that come from motivation, which is why politics adopts the rhetoric of self-help and "coaching". In theoretical terms, this conception of subjectivity and society is in line with some recent sociological perspectives that propose moving away from categories such as society, socialization, institution and the State, proposing to focus on the individual and action.

Algunas reflexiones sobre el concepto de desastre natural; Some reflections on the concept of natural disaster; Algumas reflexões sobre o conceito de desastre natura; Quelques réflexions sur la notion de catastrophe naturelle González, Fernando Antonio Ignacio El actual contexto de cambio climático indica que, a futuro, la frecuencia y severidad en la ocurrencia de desastres naturales aumentará, al igual que sus consecuencias socio-económicas. En este trabajo se busca re-examinar la literatura de desastres desde una perspectiva conceptual. Se discute qué se entiende por desastre natural, cuáles son sus elementos constitutivos y cómo evolucionó este concepto. Los hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura de desastres al sintetizar la evolución teórica de este tópico. Los resultados sugieren que, en los últimos 15 años, la temática de desastres naturales ha ganado un creciente interés entre investigadores a la par de la ocurrencia de desastres de amplia magnitud. A su vez, el concepto de desastre natural ha evolucionado desde una perspectiva más enfocada en el análisis del entorno físico-natural hacia una perspectiva socio-natural. Así, surge que el concepto de desastre natural es, en última instancia, una categoría social.; The current climate change context indicates that, in the future, the frequency and severity of natural disasters will increase, as will their socio-economic consequences. This work seeks to re-examine the disaster literature from a conceptual perspective. It is discussed what is understood by natural disaster, what are its constituent elements and how this concept evolved. The findings contribute to the disaster literature by synthesizing the theoretical evolution of this topic. The results suggest that, in the last 15 years, the subject of natural disasters has gained increasing interest among researchers along with the occurrence of large-scale disasters. In turn, the concept of natural disaster has evolved from a perspective more focused on the analysis of the physical-natural environment towards a socio-natural perspective. Thus, it emerges that the concept of natural disaster is, ultimately, a social category.; O contexto atual das mudanças climáticas indica que, no futuro, a frequência e a gravidade dos desastres naturais aumentarão, assim como suas consequências socioeconômicas. Este artigo busca reexaminar a literatura sobre desastres de uma perspectiva conceitual. Discute-se o que se entende por desastre natural, quais são seus elementos constituintes e como esse conceito evoluiu. As descobertas contribuem para a literatura sobre desastres ao sintetizar a evolução teórica deste tópico. Os resultados sugerem que, nos últimos 15 anos, o tema desastres naturais vem ganhando cada vez mais interesse entre os pesquisadores junto com a ocorrência de desastres de grande porte. Por sua vez, o conceito de desastre natural evoluiu de uma perspectiva mais focada na análise do ambiente físico-natural para uma perspectiva sócio-natural. Assim, verifica-se que o conceito de desastre natural é, em última instância, uma categoria social.; Le contexte actuel du changement climatique indiqué qu'à l'avenir, la fréquence et la gravité des catastrophes naturelles augmenteront, tout comme leurs conséquences socio-économiques. Cet article cherche à réexaminer la littérature sur les catastrophes d'un point de vue conceptuel. On discute de ce que l'on entend par catastrophe naturelle, de ses éléments constitutifs et de l'évolution de ce concept. Les résultats contribuent à la littérature sur les catastrophes en synthétisant l'évolution théorique de ce sujet. Les résultats suggèrent qu'au cours des 15 dernières années, le sujet des catastrophes naturelles a suscité un intérêt croissant parmi les chercheurs, parallèlement à la survenue de catastrophes à grande échelle. À son tour, le concept de catastrophe naturelle a évolué d'une perspective davantage axée sur l'analyse de l'environnement physique-naturel vers une perspective socio-naturelle. Ainsi, il apparaît que le concept de catastrophe naturelle est, en définitive, une catégorie sociale.

Maestro condenado, discípulo indignado: la imagen de Pedro Abelardo y la exasperada defensa de Berengario de Poitiers Jakubecki, Natalia Graciela Como es sabido, Pedro Abelardo, el más célebre maestro del siglo XII, supo provocar la ira no solo de sus colegas laicos, sino también la de influyentes representantes de la Iglesia. Así lo confirman los dos concilios en los que fue condenado, Soissons (1121) y Sens (1141). Desde finales del siglo XIX, mucho se ha escrito tanto acerca de los acontecimientos fácticos como sobre los rencores, envidias y hasta confabulaciones homicidas perpetradas contra el Palatino. Si a este panorama conflictivo se le suma la escasa reproducción de sus obras en los años posteriores a su muerte, y las prácticamente nulas menciones explícitas que otros autores medievales han hecho de su filosofía, podría dar la impresión de que su figura y sus ideas son hoy mucho mejor apreciadas de lo que fueron realmente en su propia época. Sin embargo, no es así. Contamos con numerosas declaraciones que acreditan la relevancia de Abelardo en el universo escolar del siglo XII. No es casual, pues, que incluso en nuestros días los especialistas se sigan refiriendo a él como el Magister por antonomasia. Así, el presente escrito se encuentra dedicado a las pasiones que Abelardo, en su calidad de maestro, despertó entre sus discípulos. Se compone de dos grandes momentos: el primero consta de un breve repaso por cuatro testimonios particularmente sugestivos sobre su trayectoria escolar; el segundo se centra en un “indignado alumno”, Berengario de Poitiers, y su Apologia Berengarii Pictauensis contra sanctum Bernardum Claraeuallensem abbatem et alios qui condemnauerunt Petrum Abaelardum.; It is well known that Peter Abelard, the most famous master of the 12th century, knew how to drive mad not only his laic colleagues of urban schools, but also important ecclesiastical leaders. This is confirmed by the two Councils in which Abelard was condemned: Soissons (1121), and Sens (1141). Since the end of the 19th century, rivers of ink have flowed concerning both factual events and grudges, envies, and even the murder conspiracies perpetrated against Abelard. If to this troubling scenario is added the very little reproduction of their works in the years after his death, and the lack of explicit mentions of Abelard’s doctrine done by other medieval authors, it might seem that his image and his ideas are today much better appreciated than they really were in his own time. Nevertheless, it is not the case. We have lots of statements proving Abelard’s reputation in the scholar life of the 12th century. It is not casual that even nowadays medievalists keep referring to him as the Magister par excellence. Then, this paper is dedicated to the passions that Abelard, as master, inflamed among his students. It is divided into two parts. The first one consists in a succinct revision of four particularly suggestive testimonies about his days as a teacher; the second part is focused on an “outraged disciple”, Berenger of Poitiers, and his Apologia Berengarii Pictauensis contra sanctum Bernardum Claraeuallensem abbatem et alios qui condemnauerunt Petrum Abaelardum.

Estrategias argumentativas en los discursos didácticos de Aristóteles Seggiaro, Claudia Marisa En el presente trabajo nos interesa indagar el valor didáctico que el uso de la dialéctica tiene en los escritos aristotélicos. Para ello, lo dividiremos en dos partes. En la primera haremos una somera descripción acerca de la naturaleza de los textos conservados del Estagirita. En la segunda, examinaremos el uso de las estrategias dialécticas empleadas por Aristóteles. Para ello, nos centraremos en obras como Sobre la filosofía, el Protréptico, Metafísica, Tópicos, Analíticos segundos y Ética Nicomáquea, obras en las que hace referencias relativamente explícitas a la cuestión aquí estudiada.; In this work we examine the didactic value that the use of dialectics has in Aristotelian writings. To do this, we will divide the paper into two parts. In the first one we will make a brief description about the nature of the preserved texts of the Stagirite. In the second, we will examine the use of dialectical strategies used by Aristotle. To do so, we will focus on works such as On Philosophy; Protrepticus, Metaphysics Topics, Posterior Analytics, and Nicomachean Ethics, works in which he makes relatively explicit references to the question studied here.

Structure and reactivity of NO/NO+/NO− pincer and porphyrin complexes Gallego, Cecilia Mariel; Mazzeo, Agostina María; Gaviglio, Carina del Valle; Pellegrino, Juan; Doctorovich, Fabio This review covers recent progress in the field of nitrosyl pincer and porphyrinate complexes, and how their reactivity depends on the redox state of the NO ligand. Synthetic methods, and the most significant structural information, spectroelectrochemical studies, and different reactivities of nitrosyl pincer complexes are presented. These include selective activation and functionalization of carbon-halogen bonds, catalysis for a variety of specific organic reactions, mediation of NO disproportionation and reversible coordination of solvents and weakly-coordinating anions. Regarding the porphyrinate complexes, the focus is on biorelevant nitroxyl (NO−/HNO) complexes, discussing pioneering studies along with preparation and common characterization methods. Their relative stability in different conditions is compared, and possible decomposition mechanisms are discussed in terms of their ability to act as biomimetic models for enzymatic systems.

Un modelo conceptual para el abordaje del ordenamiento territorial; A conceptual model for the approach to territorial planning Crissi Aloranti, Vanesa Soledad Para trabajar en los territorios es necesario conocerlos, describirlos, encontrar sus qué, sus porqués y contar con la participación de los distintos actores, desde una visión holística, considerando las diferentes escalas, jerarquizadas y en interacción. El objetivo de esta investigación es proporcionar un modelo conceptual para el abordaje del ordenamiento territorial articulando las categorías de inteligencia territorial y perfil territorial. Si bien se consideran a las comunas de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) como unidades de estudio, el modelo puede ser aplicado a otros territorios con características divergentes.; To work in the territories, it is necessary to know them, describe them, find their way and count on the participation of the different actors from a holistic perspective, considering the different scales, hierarchized and in interaction. This research aims to provide a conceptual model for the approach to territorial planning by articulating the categories of territorial intelligence and territorial profile. Although the villages of the province of Cordoba (Argentina) are considered as study units, the model can be applied to other territories with divergent characteristics.

Diplomacia económica: Aproximaciones conceptuales y su aplicación en la política de Xi Jinping hacia el Sur Global; Economic Diplomacy: Conceptual Approaches and Application to Xi Jinping’s Policy in the Global South Rubiolo, María Florencia; Busilli, Virginia Soledad La economía política internacional (EPI) se focaliza en precisar cómo las estructuras de intereses, poder y finanzas afectan las relaciones económicas entre Estados. Una corriente más reciente de esa literatura se ocupa de la diplomacia económica. El diferencial de este concepto radica en la utilización de instrumentos económicos para perseguir objetivos políticos. Desde finales de los noventa, y con mayor impulso a partir de la crisis de 2008, el ascenso económico y la proyección internacional de China están acompañados por una mayor disposición del uso de herramientas de diplomacia económica en función de objetivos internos y externos. La Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta (BRI) es un claro ejemplo de esta articulación, con especial incidencia en las regiones del Sur Global. Este estudio analiza los conceptos vinculados a diplomacia económica para luego profundizar en su articulación con la política exterior de Xi Jinping, y su proyección hacia el Sur Global. Concluye que Beijing intenta desarrollar y proyectar su poder económico a través del BRI, tanto en su periferia, como en el resto del globo. Asimismo, también responde a objetivos de naturaleza doméstica, vinculado a su proceso modernizador.; International Political Economy (IPE) focuses on how interest, power and finance structures control economic relations between states. A more recent field of that literature deals with economic diplomacy. The differential of this concept lies in the use of economic instruments to pursue political objectives. Since the end of the 1990s, and with greater momentum since the 2008 crisis, China’s economic rise and international projection have been accompanied by a greater willingness to use economic diplomacy tools based on internal and external goals. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a clear example of this process, with special incidence in the regions of the Global South. This study analyzes the concepts related to economic diplomacy and the interaction with the foreign policy of Xi Jinping, and its projection towards the Global South. It concludes that Beijing tries to develop and project its economic power through BRI, both in its periphery and around the globe. Likewise, it also responds to objectives of a domestic nature, linked to its modernization process.

Reflexiones (en pandemia) sobre la lengua toba/qom en la educación intercultural bilingüe en Chaco; Reflections (in pandemic) on the Toba/Qom language in intercultural bilingual education in the Chaco Hecht, Ana Carolina Este artículo nace del desafío que implica para una investiga- ción adaptar las estrategias metodológicas en el contexto del aislamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19. Particularmente, en el marco de mis estudios etnográficos sobre las experiencias de enseñanza de la lengua toba/qom en las escuelas de Edu- cación Intercultural Bilingüe del Chaco, tuve que reformular las herramientas para el relevamiento de datos de manera virtual diseñando un formulario de Google. La encuesta titulada “La len- gua toba/qom en la escuela” se delineó con el propósito de man- tener una continuidad con los/as maestros indígenas y relevar datos generales (desde el lugar del toba/qom en lo escolar hasta los propios conocimientos lingüísticos y contextos de uso), así como el impacto de la pandemia en la práctica escolar para la enseñanza de la lengua toba/qom en las clases virtuales durante el ciclo lectivo 2020. Este artículo aporta materiales referidos al parecer de los maestros toba/qom del Chaco sobre su queha- cer e instala alarmas respecto de las consecuencias que esta pandemia está dejando en el aumento de la desigualdad y sus secuelas en la escolarización futura de los niños/as y jóvenes indígenas.; This article shows the challenge for a research project to adapt methodological strategies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, in the framework of my ethnographic studies on the experiences of teaching the Toba/Qom language in Intercultural Bilingual Education schools in Chaco, I had to reformulate the tools for virtual data collection. Thus, I designed a Google form entitled “The Toba/Qom Language at School”. This survey was designed to maintain continuity with indigenous teachers and to collect general data (from the place of Toba/Qom in school to their own linguistic knowledge and contexts of use), as well as the impact of the pandemic on school practice for the teaching of the Toba/Qom language in virtual classrooms during the 2020 school year. This article provides materials referring to the views of the Toba/Qom teachers of the Chaco on their work and raises alarms about the consequences that this pandemic is having on the increase in inequality and its consequences for the future schooling of indigenous children and young people.

Equivalent hydraulic conductivity, connectivity and percolation in 2D and 3D random binary media Colecchio Pua, Iván; Otero, Alejandro Daniel; Noetinger, Benoît; Boschan, Alejandro The equivalent hydraulic conductivity (Keq) relates the spatial averages of flux and head gradient in a block of heterogeneous media. In this article, we study the influence of connectivity on Keq of media samples composed of a high conductivity (k+) and a low conductivity (k−) facies. The k+ facies is characterized by a proportion p, and also by two connectivity parameters: a connectivity structure type (no, low, intermediate, high), and a correlation integral scale lc. The probability distribution of Keq, and the critical value of p at which percolation occurs (pav), are studied as a function of these connectivity parameters. The distribution of log(Keq) is Gaussian in all cases, so the results are presented in terms of the geometric mean (〈Keq〉) and the variance (σlog(Keq)2). Both quantities show a data collapse if expressed as a function of p−pav (for the variance σlog(Keq)2, notably, even if 2D and 3D data are plotted together). In 3D, when a connectivity structure exists, Keq is always greater than when no structure exists, and increases (while pav decreases) as lc increases. The same is observed in 2D, except for the low connectivity structure type (i.e. when the k+ facies is disconnected), that shows an unprecedented behaviour: Keq is greater in the absence of structure, and decreases (pav increases) as lc increases. Our results show that any influence of connectivity on Keq is well accounted for simply by a shift in the percolation threshold pav, and then, suggest that Keq is controlled mainly by the proximity to percolation.

Development of highly stable and de-immunized versions of recombinant alpha interferon: promising candidates for the treatment of chronic and emerging viral diseases Giorgetti, Sofia Inés; Etcheverrigaray, Marina; Terry, Frances; Martin, William; De Groot, Anne Searls; Ceaglio, Natalia Analia; Oggero Eberhardt, Marcos Rafael; Mufarrege, Eduardo Federico Human interferon alpha (hIFN-α) administration constitutes the current FDA approved therapy for chronic Hepatitis B and C virus infections. Additionally, hIFN-α treatment efficacy was recently demonstrated in patients with COVID-19. Thus, hIFN-α constitutes a therapeutic alternative for those countries where vaccination is inaccessible and for people who did not respond effectively to vaccination. However, hIFN-α2b exhibits a short plasma half-life resulting in the occurrence of severe side effects. To optimize the cytokine's pharmacokinetic profile, we developed a hyperglycosylated IFN, referred to as GMOP-IFN. Given the significant number of reports showing neutralizing antibodies (NAb) formation after hIFN-α administration, here we applied the DeFT (De-immunization of Functional Therapeutics) approach to develop functional, de-immunized versions of GMOP-IFN. Two GMOP-IFN variants exhibited significantly reduced ex vivo immunogenicity and null antiproliferative activity, while preserving antiviral function. The results obtained in this work indicate that the new de-immunized GMOP-IFN variants constitute promising candidates for antiviral therapy.

The rare robber fly genus Pronomopsis Hermann (Diptera: Asilidae: Dasypogoninae) in Argentina Alvarez, Leopoldo Jesús; Camargo, Alexssandro; Lucia, Mariano; Lamas, Carlos Jose Einicker; Torretta, Juan Pablo Pronomopsis rubripes Hermann, and Pronomopsis talabrensis Artigas are reported for the first time from Argentina (Salta and Jujuy) and the male terminalia of P. chalybea Hermann and P. talabrensis are described and illustrated for the first time. An updated distribution map and a key of the species of Pronomopsis Hermann are also provided.