The arsenal of bioactive molecules in the skin secretion of urodele amphibians Barros, Ana L. A. N.; Hamed, Abdelaaty; Marani, Mariela Mirta; Moreira, Daniel C.; Eaton, Peter; Plácido, Alexandra; Kato, Massuo J.; Leite, José Roberto S. A. Urodele amphibians (∼768 spp.), salamanders and newts, are a rich source of molecules with bioactive properties, especially those isolated from their skin secretions. These include pharmacological attributes, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, vasoactive, immune system modulation, and dermal wound healing activities. Considering the high demand for new compounds to guide the discovery of new drugs to treat conventional and novel diseases, this review summarizes the characteristics of molecules identified in the skin of urodele amphibians. We describe urodele-derived peptides and alkaloids, with emphasis on their biological activities, which can be considered new scaffolds for the pharmaceutical industry. Although much more attention has been given to anurans, bioactive molecules produced by urodeles have the potential to be used for biotechnological purposes and stand as viable alternatives for the development of therapeutic agents.

Lo que la pandemia nos quitó: Relatos de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en tiempos de covid-19; What the pandemic took from us: stories from students with intellectual disabilities in Covid-19 times Schwamberger, Cintia María El presente artículo tiene como objetivo relatar la experiencia de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en escuelas secundarias emplazadas en contexto de pobreza urbana de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Desde una metodología cualitativa nos centramos en las voces de dos estudiantes que narran su experiencia escolar en tiempos de confinamiento. Sostenemos que se vuelve clave recuperar las voces de quienes son destinatarios de las políticas de inclusión que asumen, en tiempos de neoliberalismo recargado, una práctica cosmética como forma de solapamiento de las desigualdades que viven a diario las personas con discapacidad. En rigor, esto no es nuevo, sino que, los efectos y afectos de las políticas profundizaron las marcas de exclusión que vivió el colectivo en tiempos de COVID-19. Esta situación conduce a la necesidad de analizar y poner en discusión las condiciones materiales que habitan y cómo se desarrolla la escolaridad. En los relatos se evidencian las tensiones atravesadas, en tiempos de cuarentena, en tanto que obstáculos, pero, a la vez, de distintas prácticas que les permitió desplegar sus potencias y habilidades.; This article aims to report the experience of students with intellectual disabilities who go through their schooling in secondary schools located in contexts of urban poverty in the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires. From a qualitative methodology, we focus on the voices of two students who narrate their school experience in times of confinement. We argue that it is essential to recover the voices of those who are recipients of inclusion policies that assume, in times of overloaded neoliberalism, a cosmetic practice as a form of overlapping of the inequalities that people with disabilities experience every day. Strictly speaking, this is not new, but rather, the effects and effects of the policies deepened the marks of exclusion that the group experienced in times of COVID-19. This situation leads to the need to analyze and discuss the material conditions they inhabit and how schooling is developed. In the stories, the tensions they experienced are evident, in times of quarantine, as obstacles but, at the same time, of different practices that allowed them to display their powers and abilities.

Antes, durante y después de la muerte: Narrativas biográficas del homicidio en enfrentamientos y peleas entre varones en el AMBA (2000-2020) Di Marco, Martín Hernán ¿Quiénes son los varones que cometen homicidios? ¿Cómo son sus vidas y qué eventos las marcan? ¿Qué sentido le dan a la muerte violenta? Y, ¿cómo experimentan el momento del crimen? Desde una perspectiva microsociológica y narrativa, este libro indaga sobre los relatos de vida de varones cisgénero que produjeron la muerte de otros varones en peleas y enfrentamientos en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires.La propuesta teórica y empírica de este libro es tanto el resultado de una vacancia académica en comprender las vidas de perpetradores de violencia letal, como también una respuesta a la parcialización disciplinar en el campo de estudios de la violencia. Esta investigación surge del interés por integrar diferentes dimensiones que permitan complejizar este fenómeno. Las vidas previas al evento, la dinámica experiencial durante los enfrentamientos y las explicaciones del acto son, de este modo, tres modos de abordar, desmenuzar y estudiar qué ocurre en la vida de estos varones.Esta tesis doctoral explora y examina los sentidos con los que se gestiona el haber cometido un homicidio y, a su vez, da cuenta de la lectura estoica con la que los varones reconstruyen los enfrentamientos. El hecho de que el homicidio no siempre sea experimentado como un giro biográfico, que los conflictos entre varones seas vividos como inevitables y viscerales, y que los varones empleen diferentes historias para justificar, racionalizar, neutralizar y, en algunos casos, legitimar el matar son algunos de los resultados que esta tesis explora.Las preguntas y respuestas sobre el campo de la violencia que aquí se desprenden tienen como intención contribuir a las miradas que se han encargado de comprender las condiciones de posibilidad sociales y subjetivas de la violencia letal. Este libro se encuadra en la profunda convicción de hacer visibles los modos dominantes en que las identidades masculinas se vinculan, a la vez que producen y reproducen ciertos sentidos sobre la agresión física cómo práctica legítima, viable o inevitable para abordar conflictos interpersonales.

Ultraconserved elements-based systematics reveals evolutionary patterns of host-plant family shifts and phytophagy within the predominantly parasitoid braconid wasp subfamily Doryctinae Samacá Sáenz, Ernesto; Santos, Bernardo F.; Martinez, Juan Jose; Egan, Scott P.; Shaw, Scott R.; Hanson, Paul E.; Zaldívar Riverón, Alejandro Phytophagy has promoted species diversification in many insect groups, including Hymenoptera, one of the most diverse animal orders on Earth. In the predominantly parasitoid family Braconidae, an association with insect-induced, plant galls in angiosperms have been reported in three subfamilies, but in particular in the Doryctinae, where it has been recorded to occur in species of ten genera. Allorhogas Gahan is the most species-rich of these genera, with its species having different phytophagous strategies. Here we conducted a comprehensive phylogenomic study for the doryctine gall-associated genera, with an emphasis on Allorhogas, using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). Based on this estimate of phylogeny we: (1) evaluated their taxonomic composition, (2) estimated the timing of origin of the gall-associated clade and divergence of its main subclades, and (3) performed ancestral state reconstruction analyses for life history traits related to their host-plant association. Our phylogenetic hypothesis confirmed Allorhogas as polyphyletic, with most of its members being nested in a main clade composed of various subclades, each comprising species with a particular host-plant family and herbivorous feeding habit. The origin of gall-association was estimated to have occurred during the late Oligocene to early Miocene, with a subsequent diversification of subclades during the middle to late Miocene and Pliocene. Overlap in divergence timing appears to occur between some taxa and their host-associated plant lineages. Evolution of the feeding strategies in the group shows “inquilinism-feeding” as the likely ancestral state, with gall-formation in different plant organs and seed predation having independently evolved on multiple occasions.

Species-specificity in thermopreference and CO2-gated heat-seeking in culex mosquitoes Reinhold, Joanna M.; Chandrasegaran, Karthikeyan; Oker, Helen; Crespo, José Emilio; Vinauger, Clément; Lahondère, Chloé Combining thermopreference (Tp) and CO2 -gated heat-seeking assays, we studied the thermal preferendum and response to thermal cues in three Culex mosquito species exhibiting differences in native habitat and host preference (e.g., biting cold and/or warm-blooded animals). Results show that these species differ in both Tp and heat-seeking behavior. In particular, we found that Culex territans, which feed primarily on cold-blood hosts, did not respond to heat during heat-seeking assays, regardless of the CO2 concentration, but exhibited an intermediate Tp during resting. In contrast, Cx. quinquefasciatus, which feeds on warm blooded hosts, sought the coolest locations on a thermal gradient and responded only moderately to thermal stimuli when paired with CO2 at higher concentrations. The third species, Cx. tarsalis, which has been shown to feed on a wide range of hosts, responded to heat when paired with high CO2 levels and exhibited a high Tp. This study provides the first insights into the role of heat and CO2 in the host seeking behavior of three disease vectors in the Culex genus and highlights differences in preferred resting temperatures.

Beatriz Sarlo, Carlos Altamirano y Ricardo Piglia en el huracán de la historia: de la revista Los libros a El camino de ida; Beatriz Sarlo, Carlos Altamirano and Ricardo Piglia in the hurricane of history: from the journal Los libros to El camino de ida Cámara, Mario Cesar El presente artículo propone una relectura de la revista Los libros que problematice la división con la que frecuentemente se la ha leído entre un primer periodo modernizador y un posterior periodo de radicalización política. Para ello toma en cuenta algunos de los contenidos de los diferentes números, y la polémica entre Carlos Altamirano, Ricardo Piglia y Beatriz Sarlo en torno al gobierno de Isabel Perón. Por último, se propone reflexionar sobre el modo en que los propios protagonistas recuerdan aquel periodo.; This article proposes a rereading of Los libros magazine that problematizes the division through which it has frequently been read between a first modernizing period and a later period of political radicalization. In order to do this it takes into account some of the contents of Los libros, and the controversy between Carlos Altamirano, Ricardo Piglia and Beatriz Sarlo around the government of Isabel Perón. Finally, the article addresses the way in which the protagonists themselves remember that period.

Modalidades e inscripciones de la utopía en el imaginario alrededor de la "e(in)migración" italiana en Argentina; Modalities and inscriptions of the utopia in the imaginary around the Italian “e(in)migration” in Argentina; Modalità e iscrizioni dell'utopia nell'immaginario intorno all’e(im)migrazione italiana in Argentina Bravo Herrera, Fernanda Elisa Este trabajo propone estudiar desde el comparatismo algunas representaciones de la utopía y de sus proyecciones míticas, vinculadas con la “e(in)migración” italiana en la Argentina. El corpus comprende una selección de textos literarios de Nella Pasini, Adolfo Saldías, Pedro Orgambide, Armando Discépolo, Gastón Gori, Antonio Marazzi, Paolo Mantegazza, Dino Campana, entre otros.; This work proposes to study from the comparatism some representations of utopia and its mythical projections, linked to the Italian e(in)migration in Argentina. The corpus comprises a selection of literary texts by Nella Pasini, Adolfo Saldías, Pedro Orgambide, Armando Discépolo, Gastón Gori, Antonio Marazzi, Paolo Mantegazza, Dino Campana, among others.; Questo lavoro si propone di studiare, dal comparatismo, alcune rappresentazioni dell'utopia e delle sue proiezioni mitiche, legate alla e(in)migrazione italiana in Argentina. Il corpus comprende una selezione di testi letterari di Nella Pasini, Adolfo Saldías, Pedro Orgambide, Armando Discépolo, Gastón Gori, Antonio Marazzi, Paolo Mantegazza, Dino Campana, tra gli altri.

Acciones en la enseñanza, la investigación y la extensión desplegadas ante la emergencia de la pandemia COVID-19 en la Universidad Nacional de Moreno Sánchez, Adriana; Carelli, Roxana Silvia; Diaz, Cecilia Beatriz; Henry, Maria Laura; Ramos, Graciela El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar qué aspectos la Universidad Nacional de Moreno (UNM) identificó como problemas para su Funcionamiento en contexto de COVID-19 durante el año 2020 y qué acciones se emprendieron para mantener la universidad en actividad. De esta forma, a lo largo de estas páginas se reflejará la experiencia particular de la UNM y se mostrará qué cuestiones fueron perfilándose como puntos de intervención, así como las estrategias desarrolladas, en función de la trayectoria previa y de la visión allí existente sobre la educación superior.

Evaluating the Potential of Culms from Sugarcane and Energy Cane Varieties Grown in Argentina for Second-Generation Ethanol Production Kane, Aissata Ousmane; Pellergini, Vanessa O. Arnoldi; Espirito Santo, Melissa C.; Ngom, Balla Diop; Garcia, Jose Maria; Acevedo, Alberto; Erazzú, Luis Ernesto; Polikarpov, Igor The efficient transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is essential for building bioeconomies. Sugarcane is an important agricultural crop in a number of Latin American countries, including Brazil and Argentina. Herein culms from two different sugarcane (SC384 and SC724) and two energy cane varieties (EC3116 and EC3118) bred in Argentina were evaluated for sustainable production of second-generation biofuels and green chemicals. Changes in the biomass crystallinity, structure, and morphology introduced by pretreatments were investigated using X-ray diffraction (DRX), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields of untreated and pretreated sugarcane and energy cane culms were determined and correlated with physical analyses and chemical composition characterizations. Overall, after combined acid and alkali pretreatment, enzymatic convertibility was highly efficient for all studied sugarcane and energy cane varieties, reaching over 97% of theoretical conversion yields. High crystallinity indices and crystallite sizes of pretreated culms and SEM results and CLSM were consistent with the removal of lignin, solubilization of hemicellulose, and amorphous parts of lignocellulose imprinted by the pretreatments. High potential of culms from sugarcane and energy cane varieties cultivated in Argentina for sustainable production of renewable lignocellulosic sugars and their transformation into green chemicals and fuels was demonstrated. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Política exterior como política pública: reflexiones teóricas y metodológicas en marco del caso de la República Argentina Fernandez Alonso, Jose Marcelino; Zelicovich, Julieta El presente artículo se propone analizar las referencias a la política exterior como política pública en la producción científica contemporánea de la República Argentina. De modo específico, escruta el modo en el que dicha noción fue definida y operacionalizada por la academia durante las últimas décadas. En el análisis de los alcances y limitaciones de tales definiciones y operacionalizaciones, el trabajo proyecta contribuir a las discusiones teórico-metodológicas en torno a la identificación de la política exterior como política pública, y tras ello, a la construcción de puentes entre los campos de estudio dedicados al Análisis de la Política Exterior (APE) dentro de las Relaciones Internacionales (RRII) y de las políticas públicas en la Ciencia Política.; This article aims to analyze the references to foreign policy as public policy in contemporary scientific production in the Argentine Republic. Specifically, it scrutinizes the way in which this notion was defined and operationalized by academia during the last decades. In analyzing the scope and limitations of such definitions and operationalizations, the work plans to contribute to the theoretical-methodological discussions around the identification of foreign policy as public policy, and after that, to the construction of bridges between the fields of study dedicated to the Analysis of Foreign Policy (APE) within International Relations (IR) and Public Policies in Political Science.

Ferias internacionales de libros: Trabajo de campo, archivo y arqueología reflexiva; International book fairs: Fieldwork, archives and reflexive archaeology Sora, Gustavo Alejandro Las ferias internacionales de libros (FIL) son los acontecimientos más dinámicos para observar agentes, prácticas, ideas y poderes que definen los libros disponibles en los mercados editoriales en determinadas coordenadas de espacio, tiempo y lengua. El artículo expone un retorno reflexivo a experiencias de investigación sobre FIL, iniciadas hace treinta años. Su objetivo es contribuir a un tema que solo muy recientemente ha granjeado interés por parte de colegas de múltiples orígenes nacionales y disciplinares; en otras palabras, legitimidad como objeto de conocimiento. El impulso para este ejercicio fue la experiencia de ordenamiento de los archivos generados a lo largo de una docena de etnografías en diversas ferias de América Latina y de Europa para su consulta pública. La transformación del archivo, su pasaje de objeto privado a público, fue producto de dos demandas: una institucional y otra por parte de colegas de seis orígenes nacionales distintos que solicitaron revisar la documentación generada en mis trabajos de campo. El tema es abierto a partir de la analogía entre la cara visible de la producción editorial en general y en las ciencias sociales y humanas particularmente (lo que podemos comunicar en artículos y otras producciones) frente a la cara en sombras: las acciones de los intermediarios en aquel mercado de bienes simbólicos (editores, libreros, traductores, etc.), por un lado, y el trabajo de producción de conocimiento que antecede a la edición de resultados (el trabajo de campo, la clasificación de materiales, la composición de archivos, los condicionamientos institucionales, etc.), por el otro. Para vivificar ese conjunto de experiencias, el texto luego transcribe fragmentos de un cuaderno de campo (escrito en Liber-Madrid ’97) y pasa a un análisis de las evidencias, donde selecciono algunos de los ejes conceptuales más productivos en mis trabajos, como por ejemplo las relaciones entre nación y globalización, entre profesionalización e internacionalización. El conjunto documental y analítico permite disponer de un sustrato para problematizar los archivos del campo y la etnografía de archivos, con miras a una propuesta epistemológica que potencie la dialéctica entre ambos polos o medios de producción de conocimiento. En el cruce entre formas personales de hacer etnografía con cierta impronta arqueológica y la respuesta a hipótesis de autores como Foucault y Bourdieu sobre los poderes y estructuras, espacios y tiempos de la producción de la ciencia, el trabajo, en definitiva, se orienta a un análisis de las condiciones bajo las cuales se legitiman temas, áreas de investigación y disciplinas en las ciencias sociales y humanas contemporáneas.; International book fairs (IBF) are the most dynamic events for observing the agents, practices, ideas and powers that define the books available in the publishing markets in certain coordinates of space, time and language. The article presents a reflexive return to research experiences on IBF, which began thirty years ago. It aims to contribute to a topic that has only very recently gained interest from colleagues of multiple national and disciplinary backgrounds; in other words, an object of knowledge in the process of being legitimised. The impetus for this exercise was the experience of arranging the archives generated over a dozen ethnographies in various fairs in Latin America and Europe for public consultation. The transformation of the archive, its passage from a private reservoir to a public one, was the product of two demands: one institutional and the other from colleagues from six different national origins who asked to review the documentation generated in my fieldwork. The theme is open with an analogy between the visible face of publishing production in general and in the social and human sciences in particular (what we can communicate in articles and other productions) as opposed to the face in shadows: the actions of intermediaries in that market of symbolic goods (publishers, booksellers, translators, etc.), on the one hand, and the work of knowledge production which precedes the publication of results (fieldwork, classification of materials, composition of archives, institutional conditioning, etc.), on the other. To enliven this set of experiences, the text then transcribes fragments of a field notebook (written in Liber-Madrid '97) and moves on to an analysis of the evidence, where I select some of the most productive conceptual axes in my work, such as the relations between professionalisation and internationalisation, between nation and globalisation. The documentary and analytical ensemble provides a substrate for problematising field archives and ethnography of archives, with a view to an epistemological proposal that enhances the dialectic between both poles or means of knowledge production. At the crossroads between personal forms of making ethnography with a certain archaeological imprint and the response to hypotheses by authors such as Foucault and Bourdieu on the powers and structures, spaces and times of the production of science, this article is ultimately oriented towards an analysis of the conditions under which subjects, areas of research and disciplines are legitimised in the contemporary social and human sciences.

An overview on metal pollution on touristic sandy beaches: Is the COVID-19 pandemic an opportunity to improve coastal management? Buzzi, Natalia Sol; Menendez, Maria Clara; Truchet, Daniela María; Delgado, Ana Laura; Fernandez Severini, Melisa Daiana The worldwide spread of the SARS-CoV-2 caused an unprecedented lockdown measures in most countries with consequences on the world society, economy, and sanitary systems. This situation provided an opportunity to identify the effects of human confinement on natural environments, like touristic sandy beaches, which are stressed due to anthropogenic pressures. Based on previous articles about heavy metals sources and levels in these ecosystems, this paper discusses the dynamic of these pollutants and a regulatory scenario associated with COVID-19 sanitation policies. The main findings suggest that 39% of the studies were on Asian sandy beaches, 16% from Europe, while America and Africa with 23% each. Also Co, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe and Mn were the most frequently analyzed metals in sediments and in several cases their concentrations exceed international guidelines assessment. Finally, even though beaches are under several metals inputs, tourism plays a key role in these ecosystems quality. After analyzing the potential indirect effect of COVID-19 measures on metals dynamics, we propose some key recommendations and management strategies to mitigate heavy metal pollution on sandy tourist beaches. These proposals are useful for decision-makers and stakeholders to improve sandy beach management, mainly those beaches not addressed from a management perspective; and their implementation should be adapted according to the regulations and legislation of each country.

Reflexiones, hipótesis e interrogantes en torno a los resultados del CNA 2018 para la provincia de Santa Fe; Reflections, hypotheses and questions regarding the results of the CNA 2018 for the province of Santa Fe Urcola, Marcos Andres; Tifni, Evangelina Los Censos Nacionales Agropecuarios (CNA) constituyen una de las principales fuentes de datos que permiten conocer la estructura agraria de un país. En función de los mismos se van construyendo percepciones sobre el sector agropecuario y los diversos actores sociales que lo integran. Con motivo de la reciente publicación de los resultados del CNA 2018 en Argentina, en este artículo compartimos algunas reflexiones y advertencias sobre los sesgos y limitaciones que ofrecen los censos en general y éste en particular. Teniendo en cuenta estos aspectos, se analizaron los datos que brinda el CNA 2018 sobre lo que acontece en la provincia de Santa Fe, comparándolo con otros censos, fuentes secundarias y el propio conocimiento empírico del equipo de investigación sobre dicha provincia. Este análisis nos ha permitido formular algunas hipótesis e interrogantes sobre lo que los datos estadísticos indican y también señalar aquellos aspectos que merecen ser contrastados con otras fuentes y estudios específicos.; The National Agricultural Censuses (NAC) constitute one of the main sources of data that allow to account for the agrarian structure of a country. Based on them, perceptions about the agricultural sector and the various social actors that comprise it are being built. On the occasion of the recent publication of the results of the NAC 2018 in Argentina, in this article we share some reflexions and warnings about the biases and limitations offered by censuses in general and this one in particular. Taking these aspects into account, the data provided by the NAC 2018 on what happens in the province of Santa Fe were analyzed, comparing it with other censuses, secondary sources and the empirical knowledge of the research team on the same province. This analysis has allowed us to formulate some hypotheses and questions about what the statistical data indicates and also to point out those aspects that deserve to be contrasted with other sources and specific studies.

No effect of abscisic and p-coumaric acids as food supplements and stimulants of the immunological system of Africanized hybrids of Apis mellifera Chavez Hernandez, Elsa; Otero Colina, Gabriel; Llanderal Cazares, Celina; Maggi, Matías Daniel; Rodriguez Dehaibes, Sostenes Rafael; Soto Rojas, Lauro; Rocha Martinez, Marisol Karina; Perez de la Rosa, Juan Diego Bee colonies determined as Apis mellifera scutellata haplotype A1 were administered with a food supplement of sugar syrup mixed with p-coumaric acid (CUM), to test its supposed antioxidant effects; abscisic acid (ABA), to test whether it promotes innate immunity in bees, the combination of both (ABACUM), and syrup as a control. During three months, the number of cells with brood, honey and pollen reserves, as well as the concentration of hemocytes in worker bees were counted. Besides, Varroa destructor and Nosema ceranae were monitored. At the doses used, ABA and CUMhad no effect on oviposition; however, there was a significant increase in the number of cells with brood or with honey and pollen reserves between the beginning and the end of the study. Regarding the monitoring of V. destructor, there were no significant differences between treatments; this mite did not cause obvious damage, seemingly because the experimental (Africanized) bees are considered tolerant to its infestation. There were no significant differences between treatments in infection by N. ceranae; however, there was a significant decrease in intensity, prevalence, and abundance of spores between the beginning and the end of the study, which was associated with the fact that the bees collected nectar and this resulted in the development of colonies. The number of hemocytes did not show a significant difference between treatments, but there was a significant increase between the first and the last evaluation. Neither ABA, CUM or ABACUM produced the predicted effects on the experimental bees.

Fronteras en el mar, conversaciones a través de la niebla: soberanías en disputa en el Atlántico Sur entre negociación, fuerza y derechos (notas sobre el desalojo de Puerto Egmont, junio de 1770) Barriera, Dario Gabriel El 10 de junio de 1770, una expedición española al mando de Juan Ignacio de Madariaga expulsó a la guarnición británica que se había establecido en Puerto Egmont (isla Trinidad, al norte de la Gran Malvina). Los libros de historia donde se aborda el tema —desde los más clásicos hasta los más recientes— se han interesado más por sus consecuencias que por el hecho en sí mismo. En este artículo, donde balizaré los orígenes historiográficos del tema en la Argentina para conectarlo luego con algunas perspectivas más recientes, voy a enfocarme sobre los intercambios mantenidos por los comandantes españoles y británicos alrededor de Puerto Egmont entre noviembre de 1769 y el 10 de junio de 1770. Voy a someterlos a un análisis situacional para relevar cómo, a mil millas de distancia de sus respectivos centros — allí donde se enredaban los imperios— esas voces que encarnaban los intereses de sus soberanos al ras del suelo lidian polémicamente con nociones tales como las de soberanía, fuerza y derecho —casi siempre estudiadas bajo el paraguas de la teoría política y con base exclusiva en escritos doctrinarios—.; On June 10th, 1770, a Spanish expedition under the command of Juan Ignacio de Madariaga expelled the British garrison that had established itself in Puerto Egmont (Trinidad Island, north of Gran Malvina). On this occasion, Spanish military superiority was so evident that the British commanders had no choice but to make a deal on the best terms to be allowed to return to their homeland. History books on the subject – from the most classic to the most recent – have been more interested in its consequences than in the event itself. In this article, where I will trace the historiographical origins of the subject in Argentina and then connect it with some more recent perspectives, I will focus on the exchanges between the Spanish and British commanders around Port Egmont between November 1769 and June 10, 1770. I will submit them to a situational analysis to reveal how, a thousand miles away from their respective centers – where empires are entangled – those voices that embodied the interests of their sovereigns at ground level polemically dealt with notions such as sovereignty, force and law – almost always studied under the focus of political theory and exclusively on the basis of doctrinal writings –.

Indicadores para evaluar del rendimiento de usuarios de oficina en clima templado cálido; Indicators to evaluate the performance of office users in warm temperate climate Alamino Naranjo, Yesica; Kuchen, Ernesto El objetivo de este trabajo es encontrar rangos de rendimiento óptimo de usuarios de oficinas de tipología abierta-cerrada afectados por variables ambientales, y valorarlos a través de un indicador numérico. Para ello se lleva adelante un trabajo de campo en base a mediciones de variables ambientales como temperatura operativa, nivel de CO2, nivel de iluminación y nivel de ruido, y encuestas a usuarios durante tres periodos del año en 160 oficinas de tipo abierta-cerrada, en un edificio de referencia en clima templado cálido. Los resultados permiten conocer rangos de variabilidad preferidos y la valoración del rendimiento laboral por cada variable de estudio.; The objective of this work is to find optimal performance ranges for users of open-closed typology offices affected by environmental variables, and assess them through a numerical indicator. For this, fieldwork is carried out in situ, based on measurements of environmental variables such as operative temperature, CO2 level, illumination level and noise level, and user surveys during three periods of the year, in 160 offices of type open-closed, in a reference building in a warm temperate climate. The results allow us to know the preferred ranges of variability and the assessment of work performance for each study variable.

Antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate in a model of endometriosis Delsouc, María Belén; Conforti, Rocío Ayelem; Vitale, Daiana Luján; Alaniz, Laura Daniela; Pacheco, Pablo Hugo; Andujar, Sebastian Antonio; Vallcaneras, Sandra; Casais, Marilina Aims: Copper (Cu) is involved in the endometriosis progression. Herein, an experimental endometriosis model was used to evaluate whether its chelation with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TM) affects the proliferation and angiogenesis in endometriotic-like lesions and the participation of oxidative stress in these processes. Main methods: Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: sham-operated mice, endometriosis-induced mice, and TM-treated endometriosis-induced mice. Each animal in the third group received 0.3 mg of TM/day in their drinking water from the postoperative 15th day. The samples were collected after one month of induced pathology. In peritoneal fluids, Cu and estradiol levels were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and electrochemiluminescence, respectively. Endometriotic-like lesions were processed for the analysis of cell proliferation by PCNA immunohistochemistry, the expression of angiogenic markers by RT-qPCR, the presence of endothelial cells by immunofluorescent staining, and oxidative stress applying spectrophotometric methods. Key findings: TM treatment decreased Cu and estradiol levels, which were increased by this pathology. In lesions, TM induced: (a) a decrease in tissue weight and volume, (b) a decrease in PCNA-positive cells, (c) antiangiogenic effects by decreasing the number of blood vessels, the mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2) and platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (Pdgfb), and the presence of endothelial cells, (d) a decrease in antioxidant activity and an increase in lipid peroxidation. Significance: TM is a highly effective antiproliferative and antiangiogenic agent, modulating oxidative imbalance in endometriosis. Its anti-endometriotic potential is an attractive feature of TM as a possible non-hormonal treatment.

A novel strategy to uncover specific GO terms/phosphorylation pathways in phosphoproteomic data in Arabidopsis thaliana Arico, Denise Soledad; Beati, Maria Paula; Wengier, Diego Leonardo; Mazzella, Maria Agustina Background: Proteins are the workforce of the cell and their phosphorylation status tailors specific responses efficiently. One of the main challenges of phosphoproteomic approaches is to deconvolute biological processes that specifically respond to an experimental query from a list of phosphoproteins. Comparison of the frequency distribution of GO (Gene Ontology) terms in a given phosphoproteome set with that observed in the genome reference set (GenRS) is the most widely used tool to infer biological significance. Yet, this comparison assumes that GO term distribution between the phosphoproteome and the genome are identical. However, this hypothesis has not been tested due to the lack of a comprehensive phosphoproteome database. Results: In this study, we test this hypothesis by constructing three phosphoproteome databases in Arabidopsis thaliana: one based in experimental data (ExpRS), another based in in silico phosphorylation protein prediction (PredRS) and a third that is the union of both (UnRS). Our results show that the three phosphoproteome reference sets show default enrichment of several GO terms compared to GenRS, indicating that GO term distribution in the phosphoproteomes does not match that of the genome. Moreover, these differences overshadow the identification of GO terms that are specifically enriched in a particular condition. To overcome this limitation, we present an additional comparison of the sample of interest with UnRS to uncover GO terms specifically enriched in a particular phosphoproteome experiment. Using this strategy, we found that mRNA splicing and cytoplasmic microtubule compounds are important processes specifically enriched in the phosphoproteome of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. Conclusions: This study provides a novel strategy to uncover GO specific terms in phosphoproteome data of Arabidopsis that could be applied to any other organism. We also highlight the importance of specific phosphorylation pathways that take place during dark-grown Arabidopsis development.

Trait meta-mood scale-24: Estructura factorial, validez y confiabilidad en estudiantes universitarios argentinos; Trait meta-mood scale-24: Factor structure, validity and reliability in argentine college students; Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24: Structure des facteur, validité et fiabilité chez les étudiants argentins Gonzalez, Rocio; Custodio, Jesica Brenda; Zalazar Jaime, Mauricio Federico; Medrano, Leonardo Adrian INTRODUCCIÓN. Una de las herramientas más utilizadas para la evaluación de la inteligencia emocional autopercibida (IEA) es el Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios que den cuenta de cómo funciona en estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Sumado a ello, recientemente se ha propuesto una revisión de la estructura factorial del TMMS-24, por lo que se requiere de nuevas investigaciones a los fines de examinar cuál es la estructura factorial que representa más adecuadamente a la IEA. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la estructura factorial del TMMS-24 (probando el modelo bifactor y utilizando coeficientes adicionales), como así también su validez y confiabilidad, con el fin de aportar evidencias que garanticen la calidad de la medida en su adaptación al contexto local para su aplicación a estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires, Argentina. MÉTODO. La muestra estuvo comprendida por 374 estudiantes, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el TMMS-24, y las versiones argentinas del Cuestionario de regulación emocional y el Inventario de cociente emocional. RESULTADOS. El análisis factorial confirmatorio dio cuenta de un adecuado ajuste del modelo a los datos al modelo oblicuo (tres factores correlacionados con sus respectivos indicadores: atención, claridad y reparación; X2 = 803.354, GL = 249, CFI .9384, TLI .931, RMSEA [90% IC] = .0778; [.071, .083], WRMR 1.5273). Si bien el modelo bifactor evidenció índices de ajuste satisfactorios, los indicadores adicionales no fueron adecuados. La consistencia interna fue adecuada para cada subescala (atención emocional ω = .90; claridad emocional ω = .90; reparación emocional ω = .88). Se encontraron diferencias según sexo y edad para ciertas subescalas y correlaciones esperadas con las subescalas del ERQ-A y del EQ-i. DISCUSIÓN. El TMMS-24 mostró propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la medición de IEA en población universitaria de Buenos Aires.; INTRODUCTION. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) is one of the most used measures to evaluate self-perceived emotional intelligence. However, there are few studies that show how this instrument works with Argentine university students. In addition to this, a review of the factorial structure of the TMMS-24 has recently been proposed. Therefore, more research is required to examine which is the factorial structure that more adequately represents self-perceived emotional intelligence. The aim of the present study was to analyze the factorial structure of the TMMS-24 (testing the bifactor model and using additional coefficients), as well as its validity and reliability in order to provide evidence that contributes to the quality of the adaptation of this measure to the local context. METHOD. The sample was composed of 374 students, who filled out a sociodemographic questionnaire, the TMMS-24 and the Argentine versions of the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire and the Emotional Quotient Inventory. RESULTS. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit of the model to the data referred to the oblique model (three factors correlated with their respective indicators: Attention, Clarity and Repair (X2= 803.354, GL = 249, CFI .9384, TLI .931, RMSEA [90% IC] = .0778; [.071, .083], WRMR 1.5273). Although the bifactor model showed satisfactory fit indices, the additional indicators were not adequate. Internal consistency was acceptable for each subscale (Emotional Attention ω = .90; Emotional Clarity ω = .90; Emotional Repair ω = .88). Differences were found according to sex and age for specific sub-scales, and expected correlations were found between TMMS-24, ERQ-A and EQ-i. DISCUSSION. The TMMS-24 showed adequate psychometric properties to measure IEA in the university population of Buenos Aires.; INTRODUCTION. La Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) est un des outils les plus utilisés pour l’évaluation de l’intelligence émotionnelle auto-perçue (IEA). Cependant, il y a peu d’études qui expliquent comment cela fonctionne chez les étudiants universitaires argentins. Au-delà de cela, une révision de la structure factorielle de la TMMS-24 a été récemment proposée. Des nouvelles recherches sont donc nécessaires afin d’examiner quelle est la structure factorielle qui représente d’une façon plus adéquate l’IEA. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’analyser la structure factorielle de la TMMS-24 (test du modèle bifactoriel et utilisation de coefficients supplémentaires), ainsi que sa validité et sa fiabilité afin de fournir des preuves garantissant la qualité de la mesure dans son adaptation au contexte local à travers son application aux étudiants universitaires de Buenos Aires, en Argentine. MÉTHODE. L’échantillon était composé de 374 étudiants qui ont répondu à un questionnaire sociodémographique, la TMMS-24, et les versions argentines du Questionnaire de Régulation Émotionnelle et de l’Inventaire du Quotient Émotionnel. RÉSULTATS. L’analyse factoriel confirmatoire a montré un ajustement adéquat du modèle aux données du modèle oblique (trois facteurs corrélés à leurs indicateurs respectifs: Attention, Clarté et Réparation; X2 = 803,354, GL = 249, CFI .9384, TLI .931, RMSEA [IC à 90 %] = 0,0778 ; [0,071, 0,083], WRMR 1,5273). Bien que le modèle à deux facteurs a montré des indices d’ajustement satisfaisants, les indicateurs supplémentaires n’étaient pas adéquats. La cohérence interne était adéquate pour chaque sous-échelle (Attention ω = 0,90; Clarté ω = 0,90; Réparation ω = 0,88). Des différences ont été trouvées selon le sexe et l’âge pour certaines sous-échelles ainsi que des corrélations attendues avec les sous-échelles ERQ-A et EQ-i. DISCUSSION. La TMMS-24 a montré des propriétés psychométriques adéquates pour la mesure de l’IEA dans la population universitaire de Buenos Aires.

Las pachas paralelas: Reflexiones etnográficas sobre arte, conflictos y comunidades en Salinas Grandes; The parallel pachas: Ethnographic reflections on art, conflicts, and Indigenous communities in Salinas Grandes Miranda Pérez, José María En el verano de 2020, el artista tucumano Tomás Saraceno llevó adelante un proyecto de arte contemporáneo en Salinas Grandes (Noroeste de Argentina) en articulación con las comunidades de la Mesa de la Cuenca de Salinas Grandes y Laguna de Guayatayoc, llamado Aerocene Pacha. Inspirado en el concepto de Antropoceno y la cosmovisión andina, el proyecto fue ideado como una experiencia multidisciplinar y cooperativa que contó con la participación de artistas, ingenieros, aeronautas, sociólogos y las comunidades del salar. En este artículo me voy a detener en algunas de las relaciones que emergieron en Salinas Grandes gracias a este proyecto, enfocándome en las establecidas entre el artista y su equipo y las comunidades del salar. Mi propuesta es que estas relaciones implicaron al menos dos perspectivas paralelas y por momentos divergentes, solo en una de ellas (la de Aerocene Pacha) las acciones conjuntas pueden definirse como motivadas por intereses comunes. Para argumentar esta idea, utilizaré descripciones de mi trabajo de campo en una de las comunidades que participó del proyecto, entrevistas con el artista y parte del abundante material de difusión que se generó, para hacer un análisis etnográfico de las ideas y prácticas implicadas en la noción de Pachamama de Aerocene y de las comunidades. A través de estos materiales, mostraré que la conexión que el proyecto impulsó entre ambas nociones puede conceptualizarse como una “equivocación”, en el sentido definido por Viveiros de Castro. Mientras la pacha de Aerocene descansa sobre el principio de lo ‘común’, como aquello que permite a las diferencias colectivizarse; la pacha de las comunidades se presenta como parte de un conjunto de prácticas locales que suponen, desean y apuntalan las autonomías familiares, en donde las ‘singularidades irreductibles’ tiene un papel fundamental.; In the summer of 2020, and in articulation with the communities of the Table of the Salinas Grandes Basin and Guayatayoc Lagoon, the artist Tomás Saraceno developed a contemporary art project in Salinas Grandes (Northwest of Argentina). Inspired by the concept of the Anthropocene and the Andean cosmovision, the project was conceived as a multidisciplinary and cooperative experience, with the participation of artists, engineers, aeronauts, sociologists, and the communities of the salt flat. In this article I will discuss some of the relations that emerged in Salinas Grandes thanks to this project, focusing on those established between the artist, his team, and the local communities. I propose is that these relations involve at least two parallel, and at times, divergent perspectives, in which only in one of them -that of Aerocene Pacha- collaborative actions can be defined as motivated by common interests. To support this affirmation, I will use descriptions of my fieldwork in one of the communities that participated in the project, interviews with the artist, and part of the abundant outreach material that Aerocene Pacha generated, to make an ethnographic analysis of the ideas and practices implied in Aerocene’s and the communities’ notion of pacha. Through these materials, I will show that the connection the project promoted between the two notions can be conceptualized as an “equivocation”, in Viveiros de Castro’s sence. While Aerocene’s pacha rests on the principle of the ‘common’, as that which allows differences to be collectivized, the pacha of the communities is presented as part of a set of local practices that assume, desire, and underpin the family autonomies, where ‘irreducible singularities’ play a fundamental role.