The Mega-MUSCLES Spectral Energy Distribution of TRAPPIST-1 Wilson, David J.; Froning, Cynthia S.; Duvvuri, Girish M.; France, Kevin; Youngblood, Allison; Schneider, P. Christian; Berta Thompson, Zachory; Brown, Alexander; Buccino, Andrea Paola; Hawley, Suzanne; Irwin, Jonathan; Kaltenegger, Lisa; Kowalski, Adam; Linsky, Jeffrey; Parke Loyd, Robert O.; Miguel, Yamila; Pineda, J. Sebastian; Redfield, Seth; Roberge, Aki; Rugheimer, Sarah; Tian, Feng; Vieytes, Mariela Cristina We present a 5 Å-100 μm spectral energy distribution (SED) of the ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, obtained as part of the Mega-MUSCLES Treasury Survey. The SED combines ultraviolet and blue-optical spectroscopy obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, X-ray spectroscopy obtained with XMM-Newton, and models of the stellar photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and corona. A new differential emission measure model of the unobserved extreme-ultraviolet spectrum is provided, improving on the Lyα-EUV relations often used to estimate the 100-911 Å flux from low-mass stars. We describe the observations and models used, as well as the recipe for combining them into an SED. We also provide a semiempirical, noise-free model of the stellar ultraviolet spectrum based on our observations for use in atmospheric modeling of the TRAPPIST-1 planets.

Complementary and alternative medicine in epilepsy: A global survey of physicians’ opinions Asadi Pooya, Ali A.; Brigo, Francesco; Lattanzi, Simona; Karakis, Ioannis; Asadollahi, Marjan; Trinka, Eugen; Talaat El Ghoneimy, Lobna; Pretorius, Chrisma; Contreras, Guilca; Daza Restrepo, Anilu; Valente, Kette; D`alessio, Luciana; Turuspekova, Saule T.; Aljandeel, Ghaieb; Khachatryan, Samson; Ashkanani, Abdulaziz; Tomson, Torbjörn; Kutlubaev, Mansur; Guekht, Alla; Alsaadi, Taoufik; Calle Lopez, Yamile; Mesraoua, Boulenouar; Ríos Pohl, Loreto; Al-Asmi, Abdullah; Villanueva, Vicente; Igwe, Stanley C.; Kissani, Najib; Jusupova, Asel Purpose: To investigate the opinions of physicians on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with epilepsy (PWE) worldwide. Methods: Online survey addressed to neurologists and psychiatrists from different countries. Results: Totally, 1112 physicians from 25 countries (different world region: Europe, North America, South America, Middle-East, Africa, Former Soviet Union Republics) participated; 804 (72.3%) believed that CAM might be helpful in PWE. The most commonly endorsed CAM included meditation (41%) and yoga (39%). Female sex, psychiatry specialization, and working in North and South America were associated with the belief that CAM is helpful in PWE. Two-hundred and forty five out of 1098 participants (22.3%) used/prescribed CAM to PWE; among them, 174 (71%) people perceived CAM to be less effective and 114 (46.5%) people found CAM to be safer than conventional antiseizure medications (ASMs). The most common reasons to prescribe CAM for PWE were: to satisfy the patient (49.9%), dissatisfaction with the efficacy (35.6%), and dissatisfaction with the adverse effects (31.2%) of conventional therapies. Conclusion: Although the evidence supporting the use of CAM for the treatment of epilepsy is extremely sparse, most physicians worldwide believe that it could be integrated with the use of conventional ASMs, at least in some patients. High-quality controlled trials are warranted to provide robust evidence on the usefulness of CAM options in PWE.

Oxidative metabolism of photosynthetic species and the exposure to some freshwater and marine biotoxins Puntarulo, Susana Ángela; González, Paula Mariela Environmental climate conditions could lead to an increasing global occurrence of microorganism blooms that synthesize toxins in the aquatic environments. These blooms could result in significantly toxic events. Responses of photosynthetic organisms to adverse environmental conditions implicate reactive oxygen species generation; but, due to the presence of a varied cellular antioxidant defense system and complex signaling networks, this oxidative stress could act as an important factor in the environmental adaptive processes. The objective of this review was to assess how some biotoxins are implicated in the generation of oxidative and nitrosative metabolic changes, not only in biotoxin-producing organisms but also in non-producing organisms. Therefore, toxins may modify the oxidative cellular balance of several other species. Hence, the effect of toxins on the oxidative and nitrosative conditions will be evaluated in freshwater and marine algae and vascular plants. The changing climate conditions could act as agents capable of modifying the community composition leading to alterations in the global health of the habitat, risking the survival of many species with ecological relevance.

Ce=O Terminated CeO2 Grinter, David C.; Allan, Michael; Yang, Hyun Jin; Salcedo, Agustín; Murgida, Gustavo Ezequiel; Shaw, Bobbie Jean; Pang, Chi L.; Idriss, Hicham; Ganduglia Pirovano, M. Verónica; Thornton, Geoff Multiply bonded lanthanide oxo groups are rare in coordination compounds and have not previously been reported for a surface termination of a lanthanide oxide. Here we report the observation of a Ce=O terminated ceria surface in a CeO2(111)-((Formula presented.) × (Formula presented.))R30° reconstruction of ≈3 nm thick ceria islands prepared on Pt(111). This is evidenced by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) measurements in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A Ce=O stretching frequency of 775 cm−1 is observed in HREELS, compared with 766 cm−1 calculated by DFT. The calculations also predict that the Ce=O bond is weak, with an oxygen vacancy formation energy of 0.85 eV. This could play an important role in the facile removal of lattice oxygen from CeO2, accompanied by the reduction of CeIV to CeIII, which is a key attribute of ceria-based systems in connection with their unique catalytic properties.

Binary medical nanofluids by combination of polymeric eudragit nanoparticles for vehiculization of tobramycin and resveratrol: antimicrobial, hemotoxicity and protein corona studies Toledo, Constanza; Gambaro, Rocío Celeste; Padula, Gisel; Vela, Maria Elena; Castro, Guillermo Raul; Chain, Cecilia Yamil; Islan, German Abel The development of smart nanoparticles (NPs) became a trend to enhance the delivery of drugs. In the present work, Tobramycin (TB), an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays several undesirable side effects, has been encapsulated into cationic Eudragit®E100 (E100) NPs for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Combination with neutral Eudragit®NE30D (NE30D) NPs containing resveratrol (RSV), a strong natural antioxidant, increased the antimicrobial activity of TB (75% higher than free TB). NPs were stabilized with 1.0% (w/v) poloxamer 188 (P188) or poloxamer 407 (P407) as surfactants. E100 NPs showed 83.3 ± 8.5%, and 70.1 ± 2.7 encapsulation efficiency (EE) of TB with P188 and P407 coatings, respectively. The presence of NPs was confirmed by DLS and TEM studies. TB was controlled released from NPs for 6 h. Hemotoxicity tests of NPs in the range of MIC values on human blood gave negative results. Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance verified that NE30D/P407/RSV does not interact with plasma proteins BSA, IgG or fibrinogen, besides E100/P188/TB interact with BSA, findings that are compatible with a negligible in vivo clearance of the nanovehicles. The obtained results show a potential binary fluid composed of two NPs to highly improve the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics.

Complejo I, H2O2 y NO mitocondriales como señales prodrómicas de la disfunción cardíaca en diabetes tipo 1; Mitochondrial Complex I, H2 O2 and NO as Prodromal Signals of Cardiac Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes Rukavina Mikusic, Natalia Lucía; Valderrey, Micaela; Tripodi, Valeria Paula; Valdez, Laura Batriz Introducción: Resultados de nuestro laboratorio sugieren que la disfunción mitocondrial en el corazón precede a la falla miocárdica asociada a la hiperglucemia sostenida.Objetivo: Estudiar los eventos tempranos que ocurren en las mitocondrias de corazón en un modelo de diabetes mellitus tipo 1.Materiales y métodos: Ratas Wistar macho fueron inyectadas con estreptozotocina (STZ; 60 mg/kg, ip) y sacrificadas 10 o 14 días posinyección. Se obtuvo la fracción mitocondrial de corazón.Resultados: El consumo de O2 en estado 3 en presencia de malato-glutamato (21%) o succinato (16%) y las actividades de los complejos I-III (27%), II-III (24%) y IV (22%) fueron menores en los animales diabéticos a los 14 días posinyección. Cuando los animales se sacrificaron al día 10, solo el consumo de O2 en estado 3 en presencia de sustratos del complejo I (23%) y sucontrol respiratorio (30%) fueron menores en las ratas inyectadas con STZ, de acuerdo con una reducción en la actividad del complejo I-III (17%). Estos cambios se acompañaron de un aumento en las velocidades de producción de H2O2 (117%), NO (30%) y ONOO- (∼225%), en la expresión de mtNOS (29%) y en la [O2-]ss (∼150%) y [NO]ss (∼30%), junto con una disminución de la actividad de la Mn-SOD (15%) y la [GSSG+GSH]mitocondrial (28%), sin cambios en la expresión de PGC-1α.Conclusión: La disfunción del complejo I y el aumento en la generación de H2O2, NO y ONOO- pueden considerarse señales subcelulares prodrómicas del deterioro de la función mitocondrial que precede a la disfunción cardíaca en la diabetes.; Background: Previous results from our laboratory suggest that heart mitochondrial dysfunction precedes myocardial failure associated with sustained hyperglycemia. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the early events that take place in heart mitochondria in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg, ip.) to induce DM. They were euthanized 10 or 14 days later and the heart mitochondrial fraction was obtained. Results: State 3 O2 consumption in the presence of malate-glutamate (21%) or succinate (16%), and complex I-III (27%), II-III (24%) and IV (22%) activities were lower in diabetic animals 14 days after STZ injection. When animals were euthanized at day 10, only state 3 O2 consumption sustained by complex I substrates (23%) and its corresponding respiratory control (30%) were lower in rats injected with STZ, in agreement with reduced complex I-III activity (17%). These changes were accompanied by increased H2 O2 (117%), NO (30%) and ONOO- (~225%) production rates, mtNOS expression (29%) and O2 - (~150%) and NO (~30%) steady-state concentrations, together with a decrease in Mn-SOD activity (15%) and mitochondrial [GSSG+GSH] (28%), without changes in PGC-1α expression. Conclusion: Complex I dysfunction and increased H2 O2 , NO and ONOO- production rates can be considered subcellular prodromal signals of the mitochondrial damage that precedes myocardial dysfunction in diabetes

Desarrollo e institucionalización de la antropología forense en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina; Development and institutionalization of forensic anthropology in the province of Córdoba, Argentina Ginarte, Anahí; Gonzalez, Claudina El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar y discutir el desarrollo de la antropología forense en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Se presenta una breve historia del desarrollo de la disciplina con énfasis en el trabajo iniciado por peritos del Equipo Argentino de Antropología Forense que derivaron en la actual institucionalización de la disciplina, con la creación del Servicio de Antropología Forense en el Instituto de Medicina Forense del Poder Judicial y la conformación del primer “Banco de datos de cadáveres y restos cadavéricos no identificados”. Su finalidad es recolectar y resguardar información biológica y documental de restos no identificados y contribuir en la restitución de la identidad de personas desaparecidas en la actualidad, no solo del ámbito local sino nacional. Además, se describen las tareas periciales realizadas a lo largo de doce años y se detallan las categorizaciones de los casos trabajados. Se dan a conocer las investigaciones desarrolladas en interacción con instituciones universitarias y académicas. Finalmente, y a la luz de este desarrollo se discute la importancia del rol del antropólogo forense dentro de los institutos de medicina forense y en interacción con otras ciencias y con otros agentes de justicia en la resolución de casos actuales en la provincia de Córdoba.; The aim of this work is to present and discuss the development of forensic anthropology in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. A brief history of the development of the discipline is presented with emphasis on the work initiated by experts from the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team that led to the current institutionalization of the discipline, with the creation of the Forensic Anthropology Service at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Judicial Power and the creation of the first "Database of unidentified corpses and remains". Its purpose is to collect and safeguard biological and documentary data on unidentified remains and contribute to the restitution of the identity of currently missing persons, not only at the local but also at the national level. In addition, the expert tasks carried out over twelve years are described, and the categorizations of the cases worked are detailed. We also present the investigations developed in interaction with university institutions. Finally, we discuss, in light of this development, the importance of the role of the forensic anthropologists within the forensic medicine institutes and in interaction with other sciences and with other justice agents in the resolution of current cases in the province of Córdoba.

A Decade of Hydrological Drought in Central-Western Argentina Rivera, Juan Antonio; Otta, Sebastián Alfredo; Lauro, Carolina; Zazulie, Natalia Most of the water used for the development of the main socio-economic activities in Central-Western Argentina (CWA), an arid to semi-arid region, home to most of the Argentinean wine production, relies on surface streamflow from several snow-fed rivers. During the last decade (2010-2020), reduced snow accumulation over the higher elevations of the Andes mountains triggered the occurrence of hydrological drought over CWA, affecting winter tourism, restricting water use for irrigation and domestic use, and leading to socio-political disputes. This study provides a detailed description of the recent hydrological drought conditions through the use of streamflow records from 15 river basins, which were complemented by precipitation, snowpack, and water equivalent thickness measurements to provide a comprehensive picture of the water losses over the last decade. Hydrological drought indices derived from the threshold level method and the standardized streamflow index allowed characterizing the unusualness of this dry period in the context of the last 49 years. The hydrological deficit over the last decade highlighted the challenges faced by the water managers to provide water for irrigation in the main agricultural oases, with a likely overexploitation of the groundwater resources to supplement the limited surface runoff. The hydrological drought severity increased since 2017, with record-breaking levels in several basins, particularly during the period between July 2019 and June 2020 for the rivers located between 35° and 36°S. We identified the main hydrological drought impacts in CWA, as well as the need for improved mitigation strategies to cope with current and future drought conditions. We also analyzed the current limitations in terms of snow and groundwater observations, highlighting the necessity for an effective hydrological drought monitoring system, together with an improved forecast of snow accumulation in the headwaters, which can contribute to better regional water management plans.

Mineralogy of the Rincón Blanco selenide occurrence, La Rioja, Argentina Marquez Zavalia, Maria Florencia; Galliski, Miguel Angel; Skácha, Pavel; Macek, Ivo; Sejkora, Jiří; Dolnícek, Zdeněk Rincón Blanco is a small selenide occurrence situated to the WNW of Jagüé, a small town of the General Sarmiento department, La Rioja province, Argentina. This occurrence, also called El Chire in recent years, is located (28°35'46.10"S, 68°44'35.78"W, 3120 m. a. s. l.) in the Precordillera environment, to the furthermost southwestern corner of the selenium ore district of Los Llantenes, defined as one of the representative metallogenic belts of the Gondwanic episodes. The selenide minerals occur as veinlets up to few centimeters or as patches or fine inclusions, widespread in calcite. We have identified eleven hypogene Se-bearing minerals (naumannite, tiemannite, chrisstanleyite, jagüéite, eucairite, clausthalite, fischesserite, umangite, athabascaite, berzelianite and bellidoite) mainly associated with gold, silver, hematite and various supergene minerals, including malachite, chalcomenite, and molybdomenite. The paragenesis should have formed from low temperature (< 133 °C), neutral to mildly alkaline pH and highly oxidizing fluids with increasing sulfur fugacity. The country-rock, rich in graptolite-fauna, could be considered, at least in part, the source for the Se and associated metals forming the minerals of this paragenesis, although this hypothesis has yet to be tested.

Fundamental parameters of the eclipsing binary DD CMa and evidence for mass exchange Rosales, J. A.; Mennickent, R. E.; Djuraevic, Gojko; Gonzalez, Jorge Federico; Araya, Ignacio; Cabezas, Mauricio; Schleicher, D. R. G.; Curé, Michel We present a detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of DD CMa, based on published survey photometry and new spectroscopic data. We find an improved orbital period of Po = 2.0084530(6) days. Our spectra reveal Hβ and Hα absorptions with weak emission shoulders, and we also find a color excess in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer multiband photometry, interpreted as signatures of circumstellar matter. We model the V-band orbital light curve derived from the ASAS and ASAS-SN surveys, assuming a semidetached configuration and using the mass ratio and temperature of the hotter star derived from our spectroscopic analysis. Our model indicates that the system consists of a B2.5 dwarf and a B9 giant of radii 3.2 and 3.7 Re, respectively, orbiting in a circular orbit of radius 6.75 Re. We also found Mc = 1.7 ± 0.1 Me, Tc = 11,350 ± 100 K, and Mh = 6.4 ± 0.1 Me, Th = 20,000 ± 500 K, for the cooler and hotter star, respectively. We find broad single emission peaks in Hα and Hβ after subtracting the synthetic stellar spectra. Our results are consistent with mass exchange between the stars and suggest the existence of a stream of gas being accreted onto the early B-type star.

Pedagogía del management y legitimación capitalista: Alcances globales y locales; Pedagogy of management and capitalist legitimation: global and local scope Figari, Claudia Alicia Susana El artículo focaliza en el estudio de la agencia pedagógica empresarial que se despliega en las corporaciones. Sostenemos las siguientes tesis: 1) la existencia de una pedagogía del management normalizadora articulada con los principios evaluadores de la rendición de cuentas; 2) las articulaciones entre la agencia pedagógica global –derivada de las recomendaciones del Pacto Global– y la local –que se implementa en el nivel de las empresas–; 3) la centralidad de los informes de sustentabilidad como punto de conexión entre ambas agencias; y 4) los vínculos entre la pedagogía del management y la función de legitimación social del orden global capitalista. La investigación fue realizada en filiales argentinas de una empresa automotriz y siderúrgica que pertenecen a holdings transnacionales.; The article focuses on the study of the pedagogical agency that is deployed in business corporations. We maintain the following thesis: 1) The existence of a normalizing pedagogy of management articulated with the evaluating principles of accountability; 2) The links between the global educational agency –derived from the recommendations of the Global Compact– and the local one –which is implemented at the level of the companies–; 3) The centrality of the sustainability reports as a point of connection between the two agencies; 4) The links between the pedagogy of the management and the role of social legitimacy of the capitalist global order. The research was conducted in Argentine subsidiaries of an automotive and steel company that belong to transnational holdings.

Examining the “Forest Law” in Los Lagos, Argentina, Through the Lens of Mapuche Organisations Valverde, Sebastián; Minaverry, Clara María; Stecher, Gabriel Andre In 2007 Argentina passed the ‘Federal Law 26331 on Minimum Standards for the Environmental Protection of Native Forests’, often referred to as the Forest Law, aimed at curbing and regulating the expansion of the agricultural frontier causing deforestation and the loss of native forests, and amid increasing social conflict. The law mandated provinces to develop and-use planning and zoning of their native forests through a participatory process, and to classify different uses of forestlands. In the province of Neuquén, the application of this regulation –along with its equivalent provincial norm, Law 2780-triggered much debate among environmental and social organizations, unions, small-scale rural producers, and Mapuche indigenous organizations, leading to an increase in conflict and disagreements between the different sectors involved. The application of the Forest Law in the region of Los Lagos and Lacar departments, which are forest areas with high landscape attractiveness and increasing tourism and real estate activity, generated considerable controversy, mobilizations, and debate in the local arena. Research for this paper involved methodological triangulation through ethnography and legal hermeneutics.

Empathy deficits and their behavioral, neuroanatomical, and functional connectivity correlates in smoked cocaine users Baez, Sandra; Fittipaldi, María Sol; de la Fuente de la Torre, Laura Alethia; Carballo, Marcela; Ferrando, Rodolfo; García Cordero, Indira Ruth; Gonzalez Campo, Cecilia; García, Adolfo Martín; Sedeño, Lucas; Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín Reduced empathic abilities are frequently observed in drug abusers. These deficits may compromise interpersonal interactions and contribute to diminished social functioning. However, previous evidence regarding empathy and addiction is behaviorally unspecific and virtually null in terms of their brain structural or functional correlates. Moreover, no previous study has investigated how empathy is affected by drugs whose consumption is particularly characterized by counter-empathic behaviors. Here, we conducted the first assessment of neurocognitive correlates of empathy for pain in dependent users (predominantly men) of smoked cocaine (SC, coca paste, n = 37). We compared their performance in the empathy task with that of two groups matched in relevant demographic variables: 24 dependent users of insufflated cocaine hydrochloride (CC) and 21 healthy controls. In addition, we explored the structural anatomy and functional connectivity (FC) correlates of empathic impairments across groups. Our results showed that, compared to CC and controls, SC users exhibited a selective reduction of empathic concern for intentional harms. These impairments were associated with lower gray matter volumes in regions subserving social cognition (i.e., right inferior parietal lobule, supramarginal and angular gyri). Furthermore, reduced empathic concern correlated with FC within affective empathy and social cognition networks, which are also linked to cognitive changes reported in addiction (i.e., inferior frontal and orbital gyri, posterior insula, supplementary motor area, cingulate cortex). Our findings suggest that chronic consumption of SC may involve reduced empathic concern and relevant neuroanatomical and FC abnormalities, which, in turn, may result in social interaction dysfunction. These results can inform theoretical and applied developments in neuropsychopharmacology.

Gendarmería Nacional Argentina y la gestión de los conflictos y la violencia en barrios informales del sur de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires; Argentinian National Gendarmerie and management of conflicts and violence in informal neighborhoods of southern City of Buenos Aires; Gendarmaria Nacional Argentina e a gestão de conflitos e violência em bairros informais no sul da Cidade de Buenos Aires Zajac, Joaquin El objetivo del artículo es describir y analizar las intervenciones de Gendarmería Nacional Argentina (GNA) ante situaciones de conflictividad y violencia en barrios informales del sur de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires entre 2016 y 2019, el marco de política pública y las representaciones institucionales que encuadran dichas prácticas. Analizo las tensiones y dificultades que conlleva para muchos efectivos de la Gendarmería intervenir ante demandas que desbordan funciones institucionalmente ponderadas como “propias”. También, la forma en que dichas intervenciones iluminan una dimensión constructiva del “poder de policía”, así como de una particular tecnología estatal de administración de los “márgenes”, sus demandas y conflictos. El artículo se apoya en el análisis de fuentes documentales, y en un trabajo de campo etnográfico con efectivos de Gendarmería en el sur de CABA entre 2016 y 2017, y con habitantes de dichos barrios en 2019.; The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the interventions of the Argentine National Gendarmerie (GNA) in situations of conflict and violence in informal neighborhoods in southern Buenos Aires between 2016 and 2019, its public policy framework and the institutional representations involved in those practices. I analyze the tensions and difficulties that Gendarmerie has to face addressing certain demands that exceed some institutionally weighted functions as “their own”. Also, the way in which these interventions illuminate a constructive dimension of “police power”, as well as the particular technology that the state uses for governing its “margins” and their demands and conflicts. The article is based on the analysis of documentary sources, and by an ethnographic fieldwork with members of the Gendarmerie in neighborhoods of the south of CABA between 2016 and 2017, and with inhabitants of these neighborhoods in 2019.; O objetivo do artigo é descrever e analisar as intervenções da Gendarmeria Nacional Argentina (GNA) em situações de conflito e violência em bairros informais no sul da Buenos Aires entre 2016 e 2019, o marco de políticas públicas e as representações institucionais que enquadram essas práticas. Analiso as tensões e dificuldades que acompanham a Gendarmaria, intervindo diante de demandas que excedem as funções ponderadas institucionalmente como “próprias”. Além disso, a maneira pela qual essas intervenções iluminam uma dimensão construtiva do “poder policial”, bem como uma tecnologia estatal específica para a administração de “margens”, suas demandas e conflitos. O artigo é apoiado pela análise de fontes documentais e por um trabalho de campo etnográfico com membros da Gendarmeria em bairros no sul da CABA entre 2016 e 2017 e com os habitantes desses bairros em 2019.

Participación social y gestión del hábitat: formas y tipos de participación en la experiencia de América Latina; Social participation and habitat management: participation ways and types in Latin American experience Di Virgilio, Maria Mercedes La Nueva Agenda Urbana compromete a los países a la implementación de políticas de vivienda que incorporen la planificación participativa. La propuesta plantea la participación de las poblaciones en la gestión de infraestructuras y servicios urbanos, promoviendo su involucramiento en políticas urbanas inclusivas y propiciando el desarrollo urbano y territorial sostenible. En particular, promueve la participación en los procesos de gestión del hábitat y en la implementación de las políticas públicas orientadas al sector. En este marco, el trabajo reflexiona sobre los desafíos que estos lineamientos suponen para los procesos de producción de vivienda (en particular, aquella destinada a los sectores de menores ingresos) y de gestión del hábitat en las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe. Para ello, se interroga sobre ¿cuáles son las formas de participación que se pueden observar en los procesos de gestión del hábitat popular?, ¿qué escenarios de participación se configuran en torno a la gestión del hábitat popular en los países de América Latina?, ¿ómo esos escenarios favorecen (o no) el involucramiento efectivo de las comunidades en la gestión del hábitat? Se trata de un estudio descriptivo que se apoya en la revisión bibliográfica de trabajos publicados en revistas nacionales e internacionales y en libros del área de las políticas públicas y del urbanismo. El trabajo con la bibliografía se articuló con resultados de investigaciones propias que tuvieron y/o tienen a las políticas de producción del hábitat como objeto privilegiado de análisis. La estrategia analítica se apoyó en la recuperación de casos documentados en las publicaciones con base en los cuales se reconstruyeron escenarios típicos de gestión del hábitat que incorporan componentes participativos. La mención a experiencias de países como Argentina, Chile, Ecuador o México obedece a la recurrencia con la que las mismas son tratadas en la bibliografía. De este modo, busca dar cuenta de los rasgos y las características que definen las lógicas de participación, indagando en las formas y los grados de involucramiento de los distintos actores en la implementación de las políticas públicas.; The Nueva Agenda Urbana commits countries to the implementation of housing policies that incorporate participatory planning. The proposal proposes the participation of the populations in the management of urban infrastructures and services, promoting their involvement in inclusive urban policies and promoting sustainable urban and territorial development. In particular, it promotes participation in habitat management processes and in the implementation of public policies oriented to the sector. In this framework, the work reflects on the challenges that these guidelines pose for the processes of housing production (in particular, that destined to the lower-income sectors) and of habitat management in the cities of Latin America and the Caribbean. To do this, it asks what are the forms of participation that can be observed in the popular habitat management processes? What participation scenarios are configured around popular habitat management in Latin American countries? How do these scenarios favor (or not) the effective involvement of communities in habitat management? It is a descriptive study that is based on the bibliographic review of works published in national and international journals and in books in the area of public policy and urban planning. The work with the bibliography was articulated with the results of own investigations that had and / or have habitat production policies as a privileged object of analysis. The analytical strategy was supported by the recovery of cases documented in the publications, based on which typical habitat Participación social y gestión del hábitat management scenarios that incorporate participatory components were reconstructed. The mention of experiences from countries such as Argentina, Chile, Ecuador or Mexico is due to the recurrence with which they are treated in the bibliography. In this way, it seeks to account for the features and characteristics that define the logics of participation, investigating the forms and degrees of involvement of the different actors in the implementation of public policies.

Soybean by-products and modified cassava starch for improving alveolar structure and quality characteristics of gluten-free bread Genevois, Carolina Elizabeth; de Escalada Pla, Marina Francisca There is a global trend towards assuring more sustainable application of ingredients in food development, with emphasis in the nutrients recovering from agro-industrial by-products. Soybean extruded–expelled meal (SF) was explored to take an advantage from its nutrients; and its behaviour with pregelatinised cassava starch (PGS) and hydration levels (WC) as a contribution to technological improvement in gluten-free (GF) bread-making. The aim of this work was to study the effects of different levels of SF, PGS and WC on alveolar structure and final quality characteristics of GF bread formulation. A Box–Behnken experimental design and surface response methodology were applied. The final quality of GF breads was significantly affected by the addition of SF, PGS and WC, being the SF and WC the components with major impact. Lower levels of PGS and SF showed higher specific loaf volume with a softer crumb, faster recuperation of resilience and springiness, and less susceptibility to being disintegrated. The colour intensity and the uniformity of the alveolar crumb structure were enhanced by SF addition. Optimisation carried out to improve the physical and textural characteristics of bread, rendered a formulation with PGS 15.0 g × 100 g−1, SF 6.0 g × 100 g−1 and WC 160 g × 100 g−1. A size portion of GF bread (50 g) would increase 1.4- and 3.7-fold the protein and fibre intake, respectively. The addition SF and PGS with the adequate hydration level is promising for producing GF bread with an improved technological and nutritional profile, and could be useful to add value to an industrial by-product and reduce manufacturing cost.

Self-limited epilepsy of childhood with affective seizures: a well-defined epileptic syndrome? Espeche, Alberto Antonio; Galicchio, Santiago; Cersósimo, Ricardo; Chacon, Santiago; Gamboni, Beatriz; Adi, Javier; Fasulo, Lorena; Semprino, Marcos; Fortini, Sebastian; Cachia, Pedro; Caraballo, Roberto Horacio Objective: Here we present cases of focal epilepsy with affective symptoms analyzing seizure characteristics, EEG pattern, treatment, and outcome. Methods: A multicenter, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted evaluating 18 patients with self-limited epilepsy who presented with seizures with affective symptoms seen between April 2000 and April 2018 at eight Argentinian centers. Results: Eighteen patients had focal seizures with affective symptoms; all of them had affective symptoms characterized by sudden fright or terror and screaming. Seizures started with manifestations of sudden fright or terror manifested by a facial expression of fear; consciousness was mildly impaired in 15/18 patients. Eleven of the patients also had autonomic manifestations, such as pallor, sweating, and abdominal pain. In addition, four of these 11 patients had ictus emeticus and one also presented with unilateral deviation of the eyes and head. Speech arrest, salivation, glottal noises, and chewing or swallowing movements were observed in 2/18 patients at the onset of the affective seizures. Two others also had mild asymmetric dystonic seizures involving both hands and arms. Three patients had tonic deviation of the mouth involving the lips and tongue as well pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, resulting in anarthria and drooling. Two patients had brief hemifacial focal clonic seizures. Conclusion: Affective manifestations associated or not with motor and/or autonomic manifestations and associated with typical EEG features of the idiopathic focal epilepsies of childhood is a particular presentation of self-limited focal epilepsy in childhood.

La diferencia sexual frente al ne(cr)oliberalismo del goce Binetti, María José Este trabajo se propone pensar la diferencia sexual en tanto que diferencia ontológica radical, en sintonía con una alineación neo-realista y material de la filosofía feminista. Desde este punto de vista, la diferencia sexual designa la energía vital constitutiva de toda acción y dimensión humana: su límite negativo a la vez que su potencialidad creadora, su diferir a la vez que su unidad relacional. Con tales presupuestos, intentaremos mostrar en qué sentido la eliminación de la diferencia sexual y su sustitución por una neutralización trans-genérica, propuesta actualmente por el constructivismo y relativismo postmoderno en alianza con la maquinaria de producción capitalista, implica la pérdida de la condición humana finita y relacional.; This work aims at thinking sexual difference as a radical ontological difference, in the line of a neorealist and material feminist philosophy. From this point of view, sexual difference designates the vital energy constitutive of all human action and dimension: its negative limit as well as its creative potential, its differing as well as its relational unity. Under such assumptions, I will try to show how and why the elimination of sexual difference and its substitution by a transgender neutralization, currently proposed by postmodern constructivism and relativism in alliance with the neoliberal production machinery, implies the erasure of the finite and relational human condition.

Spatiotemporal regulation of galectin-1-induced T-cell death in lamina propria from Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients Papa Gobbi, Rodrigo; Muglia, Cecilia Isabel; Rocca, Andrés; Curciarello, Renata; Sambuelli, Alicia; Yantorno, Martín; Correa, Gustavo; Morosi, Luciano Gastón; Di Sabatino, Antonio; Biancheri, Paolo; MacDonald, Thomas T.; Toscano, Marta Alicia; Mariño, Karina Valeria; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián; Docena, Guillermo H. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is an endogenous lectin with key pro-resolving roles, including induction of T-cell apoptosis and secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Despite considerable progress, the relevance of Gal-1-induced T-cell death in inflamed tissue from human IBD patients has not been ascertained. Intestinal biopsies and surgical specimens from control patients (n = 52) and patients with active or inactive IBD (n = 97) were studied. Gal-1 expression was studied by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Gal-1-specific ligands and Gal-1-induced apoptosis of lamina propria (LP) T-cells were determined by TUNEL and flow cytometry. We found a transient expression of asialo core 1-O-glycans in LP T-cells from inflamed areas (p < 0.05) as revealed by flow cytometry using peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding and assessing dysregulation of the core-2 β 1-6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (C2GNT1), an enzyme responsible for elongation of core 2 O-glycans. Consequently, Gal-1 binding was attenuated in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ LP T-cells isolated from inflamed sites (p < 0.05). Incubation with recombinant Gal-1 induced apoptosis of LP CD3+ T-cells isolated from control subjects and non-inflamed areas of IBD patients (p < 0.05), but not from inflamed areas. In conclusion, our findings showed that transient regulation of the O-glycan profile during inflammation modulates Gal-1 binding and LP T-cell survival in IBD patients.

¿Debería ser delito sobornar a un funcionario público? Un análisis consecuencialista; Should it be a crime to bribe a public officer? A consequentialist approach Rusca, Bruno El trabajo analiza la perspectiva que promueve la despenalización de la conducta de ofrecer sobornos -cohecho activo- como un modo de disuadir la aceptación de sobornos por parte de funcionarios públicos -cohecho pasivo-. En líneas generales, esta propuesta se apoya en el argumento de que, si el cohecho activo no constituyera un delito, ante el temor a ser denunciados por los sobornadores, desde el principio, los funcionarios se abstendrían de solicitar o aceptar el pago de sobornos. Luego de examinar diferentes estudios teóricos y empíricos sobre el problema, se argumenta que, si bien en algunos casos la despenalización del cohecho activo resulta conveniente, en otros, hay razones para suponer que sería una medida contraproducente, pues daría lugar a un incremento tanto del ofrecimiento como de la aceptación de sobornos.; The paper analyzes the approach that promotes the decriminalization of the behavior of offering bribes as a way to deter the acceptance of bribes by public officers. In general, this proposal is based on the argument that, if active bribery is not a crime, due to the fear of being reported by the bribers, from the beginning, officers would refrain from requesting or accepting the payment of bribes. After discussing different theoretical and empirical studies on the problem, it is argued that while in some cases decriminalization of active bribery is convenient, in others there are reasons to expect that it would be a counterproductive measure, since it would lead to an increase in both the offer and acceptance of bribes.