La serpiente en el seno: culpas y condenas: Una figura especular en el caso de Ortel Banedre en el Persiles D'onofrio, María Julia Desde una mirada que atiende al diálogo de la obra de Cervantes con el simbolismo de su época, cabe interrogarse sobre la presencia de los animales en las representaciones discursivas de carácter simbólico. Es en este marco de análisis que enfocamos nuestra atención en el episodio de Ortel Banedre y Luisa la Talaverana en el Persiles. La imagen que proponemos analizar, la de la serpiente en el seno, tiene la particularidad de resonar de manera significativa en las obras finales de Cervantes porque aparece repetida en todos los comentarios sobre la expulsión de los moriscos.; From a point of view that is attentive to the dialogue between the works of Cervantes and the symbolism of his time, one can ponder on the presence of animals in discursive representations of symbolic character. In this framework of analysis we are going to focus our attention on the episode of Ortel Banedre and Luisa la Talaverana in Persiles. The image that we propose to analyze, that one of the snake in the bosom, has the particularity of resonating significantly in the final works of Cervantes because it appears repeatedly in every comment about the expulsion of the Moriscos.

Una revisión meta-teórica respecto a la operatividad de límites metodológicos, epistémicos y ontológicos en la investigación psico-clínica en torno a la eficacia psicoterapéutica de las prácticas espirituales; A meta-theoretical review regarding the operability of methodological, epistemic and ontological reductionisms in psychoclinical research around the psychotherapeutic efficacy of the spiritual practices Gargiulo, María Teresa El artículo no es sino una revisión meta-teórica respecto a la operatividad de los reduccionismos metodológicos, epistémicos y ontológicos en la investigación psico-clínica en torno a la eficacia psicoterapéutica de las prácticas espirituales. Por reduccionismo se entiende el proceso de simplificación y operatividad que exige el mismo diseño experimental adoptado en la investigación psico-clínica. Si bien el reduccionismo que se implementa en un diseño experimental goza de toda una suerte de ventajas, también tiene sus peligros. Podría decirse que existe una compensación, a saber, las explicaciones reduccionistas ganan en simplicidad mientras pierden en precisión. El diseño experimental exige una simplificación, es decir, eliminar cosas que necesitan ser entendidas y que son parte de una imagen completa del fenómeno estudiado. Ahora bien, una revisión meta-teórica permite no sólo explicitar el alcance que tienen los reduccionismos en los resultados de la investigación psico-clínica sino también repensar nuevas variables o modalidades que permitan fortalecer dichas investigaciones.; The article is nothing but a meta-theoretical review regarding the operativeness of methodological, epistemic and ontological reductionisms in psycho-clinical research regarding the psychotherapeutic efficacy of spiritual practices. By reductionism ismeant the process of simplification and operability that requires the same experimental design adopted in psycho-clinical research. Although the reductionism that is implemented in an experimental design enjoys all kinds of advantages, it also has its dangers. It could be said that a compensation exists, namely, reductionist explanations gain in simplicity while losing in precision. The experimental design requires a simplification, that is, eliminating things that need to be understood and that are part of a complete picture of the phenomenon we are studying. However, a meta-theoretical review allows not only to explain the scope of reductionism in the results of psycho-clinical research but also to rethink new variables or modalities that allow strengthening such research.

Phospholipid transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis is directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels and is not associated with cardiovascular risk Ma, Feng; Darabi, Maryam; Lhomme, Marie; Tubeuf, Emilie; Canicio, Aurélie; Brerault, Jean; Medadje, Narcisse; Rached, Fabiana; Lebreton, Sandrine; Frisdal, Eric; Brites, Fernando Daniel; Serrano, Carlos; Santos, Raul; Gautier, Emmanuel; Huby, Thierry; El Khoury, Petra; Carrié, Alain; Abifadel, Marianne; Bruckert, Eric; Guerin, Maryse; Couvert, Philippe; Giral, Philippe; Lesnik, Philippe; Le Goff, Wilfried; Guillas, Isabelle; Kontush, Anatol Background and aims: While low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, extremely high HDL-C is paradoxically associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship with cardiovascular disease. Free cholesterol transfer to HDL upon lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) was recently reported to underlie this relationship, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis. In addition to free cholesterol, other surface components of TGRL, primarily phospholipids, are transferred to HDL during lipolysis. It remains indeterminate as to whether such transfer is linked to HDL-C and cardiovascular disease. Methods and results: When TGRL was labelled with fluorescent phospholipid 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), time- and dose-dependent transfer of DiI to HDL was observed upon incubations with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The capacity of HDL to acquire DiI was decreased by −36% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 22) and by -95% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C subjects with Tangier disease (n = 7), unchanged in low HDL-C patients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 17) and in subjects with high HDL-C (n = 20), and elevated in subjects with extremely high HDL-C (+11%, p<0.05) relative to healthy normolipidemic controls. Across all the populations combined, HDL capacity to acquire DiI was directly correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.58, p<0.001). No relationship of HDL capacity to acquire DiI with both overall and cardiovascular mortality obtained from epidemiological studies for the mean HDL-C levels observed in the studied populations was obtained. Conclusions: These data indicate that the capacity of HDL to acquire phospholipid from TGRL upon LPL-mediated lipolysis is proportional to HDL-C and does not reflect cardiovascular risk in subjects widely differing in HDL-C levels.

Renal and non-renal response of ABC and SLC transporters in chronic kidney disease Torres, Adriana Monica; Dnyanmote, Ankur V.; Granados, Jeffry C.; Nigam, Sanjay K. Introduction: The solute carrier (SLC) and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamilies play essential roles in the disposition of small molecules (endogenous metabolites, uremic toxins, drugs) in the blood, kidney, liver, intestine, and other organs. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the loss of renal function is associated with altered function of remote organs. As renal function declines, many molecules accumulate in the plasma. Many studies now support the view that ABC and SLC transporters as well as drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in renal and non-renal tissues are directly or indirectly affected by the presence of various types of uremic toxins, including those derived from the gut microbiome; this can lead to aberrant inter-organ communication. Areas covered: Here, the expression, localization and/or function of various SLC and ABC transporters as well as DMEs in the kidney and other organs are discussed in the context of CKD and systemic pathophysiology. Expert opinion: According to the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory (RSST), a transporter and DMEcentric network that optimizes local and systemic metabolism maintains homeostasis in the steady state and resets homeostasis following perturbations due to renal dysfunction. The implications of this view for pharmacotherapy of CKD are also discussed.

Caza furtiva: apropiaciones del conocimiento escolar en escuelas secundarias en cárceles de la provincia de Santa Fe; Poaching: appropriation of school contents in secondary education in prison in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina Routier, Maria Eva En el presente trabajo analizamos las interacciones entre docentes y estudiantes, mediadas por los procesos de enseñar y aprender, documentadas en el contexto de dos escuelas secundarias para adultos que funcionan dentro de dos unidades penitenciarias pertenecientes al Sistema Penitenciario de Santa Fe. Describimos algunas de las formas de participación estudiantil y circulación de la palabra en clases para indagar en los modos en que los estudiantes transitan la apropiación de los conocimientos escolares y los sentidos que ello adquiere en el transcurrir de sus experiencias educativas en contextos de encierro. Se reconocen formas de apelación solapada frente a determinados contenidos y frente a los modos en que éstos son formalizados por los docentes, -expresados en un interés por particularizarlos, volviéndolos inteligibles en base a la propia experiencia -; así como la centralidad que tiene para los estudiantes la adquisición de ciertos saberes “encontrados” en la escuela, considerados especialmente valiosos.; In this paper, we analyze teacher-student interaction as part of the learning process in the context of two adult secondary schools in two penitentiary units belonging to the Santa Fe Penitentiary System. We describe some ways of student participation and communication in class to investigate how students appropriate knowledge and what it means in the course of their educational experiences in confined contexts. We recognize forms of indirect re-examination of school contents and of the ways in which these contents have been formalized by teachers—expressed in an interest to particularize them, in an attempt to understand them based on their own experience—and identify the importance that the acquisition of certain valuable knowledge “found” in school has for students.

Prognostic assessment for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in the context of the World Health Organization 2016 proposal: a multicenter study of 280 patients González, Jacqueline S.; Perusini, María Agustina; Basquiera, Ana Lisa; Alfonso, Graciela; Fantl, Dorotea; Macedo Lima, Walter; Nucifora, Elsa Mercedes; Lazzarino, Carolina; Novoa, Viviana; Cavalcanti de Andrade Silva, Marcela; Larripa, Irene Beatriz; Rocha, Vanderson; Arbelbide, Jorge; Velloso, Elvira D. R. P.; Belli, Carolina Bárbara Knowledge on chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients from Argentina and Brazil is limited. Our series of 280 patients depicted an older age at diagnosis (median 72 years old), 26% of aberrant karyotypes, and a prevalence of myelodysplastic (60%) and CMML-0 subtypes (56%). The median overall survival (OS) was 48.2 months for patients in CMML-0 (Ref.), 24.7 months for those in CMML-1 (HR = 2.0, p = 0.001), and 8.8 months for patients in CMML-2 (HR = 4.6, p < 0.001). In the CMML-0 category, median OS were different between myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative subtypes (63.7 vs 21.2 months, p < 0.001); however, no differences were observed within CMML-1 and CMML-2 subtypes (24.7 vs 23.7 months, p = 0.540, and 9.1 vs 8.2 months, p = 0.160). The prognostic impact of 24 variables and 7 prognostic systems was adjusted to the WHO 2016 after validating their usefulness. Multivariate analysis were performed, and the final model revealed Hb ≥ 8 -< 10g/dL (HR 1.7), Hb < 8g/dL (HR 2.8), poor karyotypes (HR 2.1), WHO 2016-CMML-1 (HR 2.1), and CMML-2 (HR 3.5) as independent adverse clinical parameters in our cohort with a borderline influence of platelets count < 50 × 109/L (HR 1.4). We could validate several scoring systems, the WHO 2016 proposal and its prognostic capability, along with accessible covariates, on predicting the outcome in our series of CMML patients from Latin America.

Biofilm formation by LEE-negative Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli strains Velez, Maria Victoria; Colello, Rocío; Etcheverria, Silvina Graciela; Etcheverría, Analía Inés; Padola, Nora Lía Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) include several serotypes isolated from cases of hemorrhagic colitis and, hemolytic uremic syndrome. Although O157:H7 is the most predominant STEC serotype, more than 100 non-O157 serogroups cause diseases in humans. Some STEC carry a Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE-positive); however, STEC that do not carry LEE (LEE-negative) have also been associated with illness, mainly those harbouring the Locus of Adhesion and Autoaggregation (LAA). LAA carry some genes such as hes, iha, tpsA, and agn43, related with pathogenicity. One of them is the ability to form biofilms on different environments, which can contaminate food and generate infections while protecting themselves against adverse conditions. Considering that LAA could be responsible for some adherence mechanisms, the aims of this study were to compare different serogroup of LEE-negative STEC strains in their ability to form biofilms and to evaluate the participation of some genes encoding in LAA. A total of 348 LEE-negative STEC strains was analyzed. The presence of hes, iha, tpsA and agn43 were determined by monoplex PCR. From them, 48 STEC strains belonging to serogroups O113, O130, O171, O174 and, O178 were assayed for their ability to form biofilm. The most prevalent genes detected were agn43 (72.1%) and tpsA (69.5%). The iha and hes genes were present in 63.7% and 54% of the strains, respectively. Although all STEC strains were able to form biofilm, it was found a high variability between them. The relation between the biofilm formation and the presence of each gene was not statistically significant, suggesting that biofilm formation is independent of the presence of those genes. Highlighting that there is no treatment for HUS, it is once again notable that prevention measures and control strategies to prevent biofilm formation are important factors in reducing STEC transmission.

Entre ideas conservadoras y liberales: Un análisis de posturas valorativas de estudiantes y docentes de profesorados; Between liberal and conservative ideas: An analysis of value positions in students and teachers of professoriate Expósito, Cristián David; Difabio, Hilda Emilia La finalidad de este estudio fue indagar los perfiles valorativos de docentes en ejercicio y en formación, en base a dos modelos axiológicos considerados antagónicos (conservador y liberal), cada uno con una estructura bien definida. Cabe destacar que los enfoques teóricos no se presentan puros en la realidad debido a su profunda complejidad; sin embargo, este tipo de estudios permite vislumbrar cuál es el camino que la sociedad considera oportuno o viable para avanzar hacia el futuro. Se utilizó un diseño metodológicocuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal. Los participantes relevados de primera fuente fueron estudiantes de profesorado de tercer año de los 5 institutos de formación docente más representativos de la Capital de Mendoza (Argentina) y sus respectivos docentes. La muestra fue de carácter intencional (n=337) con un alto porcentaje de mujeres (91,1%). Los resultados permitieron identificar tres factores: Autonomía, Igualdad y Tradición; a partir de ellos fue posible discriminar tendencias y perfiles predominantes.; The purpose of this research was to identify the axiological profiles of practicing and training teachers, based on two axiological models considered antagonistic (conservative and liberal), each one with a well-defined structure. Theoretical approaches are not presented pure in reality due to their profound complexity, however, this type of study allows us to glimpse what is the path that society considers opportune or viable to advance towards the future. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional methodological design was used. The participants surveyed from the first source were third-year teacher students from the 5 most representative teacher training institutes in the Capital of Mendoza (Argentina) and their respective professors. The sample was intentional (n = 337) with a high percentage of women (91.1%). The results allowed identifying three factors: Autonomy, Equality and Tradition, from them it was possible to discriminate prevailing trends and profiles.

Controlling the structure and photocatalytic properties of three - dimensional aerogels obtained by simultaneous reduction and self-assembly of BiOI/GO aqueous colloidal dispersions Puig, Julieta; De Castro Alves, Lisandra; García Acevedo, Pelayo; Arnosa Prieto, Angela; Yañez Villar, Susana; Teijeiro Valiño, Carmen; piñeiro, yolanda; Hoppe, Cristina Elena; Rivas, Jose Water pollution affects all living habitats, since it is the most basic element that sustains all life forms and, as an exceptional solvent, it readily makes any compound available for living cells, either nutrients or noxious substances. Elimination of molecular contaminants from water quality is one of the most challenging technical problems that conventional treatments like flocculation and filtration fail short to defeat. Particulate photocatalysts, used to degrade contaminants, have the main drawback of their recovery from the water matrices. The inclusion of photocatalytic nanoparticles (NPs) into a large supporting framework, is presented as an innovative approach aiming to ensure a facile separation from water. To this end, three-dimensional (3D) aerogels with photocatalytic properties were prepared by a simple and scalable method based on the reduction - induced self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of BiOI nanoparticles (NPs). With the help of ascorbic acid, as a green reducing agent, partial reduction of GO into reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and self-assembly of both kinds of nanostructures into a porous monolith was achieved. BiOI doped RGO aerogels were further stabilized and morphologically controlled using poly (ethylene glycol) as stabilizer. The photocatalytic performance of these aerogels was evaluated by following the discoloration of methylene blue (MB) solution, under visible light irradiation, showing that structure and dispersion degree of NPs to be fundamental variables. Hence, this methodology is proposed to produce hybrid aerogels with controlled morphology and photocatalytic performance that has the potential to be used in water cleaning procedures.

Disturbance as a driver of trait assembly in liana communities in a semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest Villagra, Mariana; Trentini, Carolina Paola; Di Francescantonio, Débora; Aguiar Eleuterio, Ana Alice; Foletto, Luis Fernando; Montti, Lia Fernanda; Campanello, Paula Inés Subtropical forests have been under constant pressure due to drastic changes in land use, fragmentation, and logging. These impacts can alter the canopy cover, structure, species composition, and functional characteristics of plant communities. Here, we assess whether structural and functional properties of the liana community change in forests that were differently disturbed in the past. For this purpose, six 1-ha plots were established in closed and open canopy forests in the Atlantic Forest of Northern Argentina. Lianas were measured and identified and plant material was collected to determine specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, and wood density. Species richness of lianas was similar, but the abundance and basal area were significantly higher in open canopy than in closed canopy plots. This difference was primarily the result of a higher abundance of scramblers in open canopy plots, while tendrilled lianas were negatively affected by low tree density and basal area. The abundance of large scrambler lianas was lower in sites with high tree density. On the other hand, scramblers had lower wood density and leaf dry matter content than tendril climbers and twiners had the lowest specific leaf area values. Consequently, liana communities in open canopy forests were associated with a rapid resource acquisition strategy and lower functional diversity which could be possibly driven by changes in environmental variables typical of large gaps (light availability, temperature, and soil fertility). Our results highlight a shift in liana climbing mechanisms and in the function of liana communities in disturbed forest, becoming dominated by lianas with similar functional traits. Future studies should assess the relative importance of changes of liana communities shedding light on climbing-type-level effects on tree growth and forest functioning.

Aprender a vivir mediante la filosofía: Notas sobre la concepción hegeliana de la filosofía en los primeros escritos de Jena; Durch Philosophie Leben Lernen: Notes on the Hegelian conception of philosophy in Jena’s early writings Palermo, Sandra Viviana Este paper intenta dar cuenta del concepto de filosofía elaborado por Hegel, en los primeros años de Jena, como instancia más acabada de reconciliación de las escisiones propias de la cultura moderna. Se intenta mostrar que, a pesar de las diferencias existentes entre el Hegel jenense y el Hegel sucesivo a la Fenomenología del espíritu, la idea de la filosofía como lugar de conciliación se mantiene, lo que no implica, un pactar con la realidad ni un pensar la actividad intelectual como refugio incontaminado, sino como lugar de transfiguración unitaria del mundo efectivamente existente.; This paper aims to highlight the Hegelian concept of philosophy, in the early years of his stay in Jena, as the most fulfilled instance of reconciliation of the splits of to modern culture. It tries to show that, despite the existing differences between this period of Hegelian production and the period following the Phenomenology of Spirit, the idea of philosophy as an instance of reconciliation is maintained, which does not imply, for Hegel, either pacting with reality or thinking intellectual activity as an uncontaminated refuge. Thought is instead an operation of unitary transfiguration of the effectively existing world.

Impact of N-fertilization and peanut shell biochar on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities in a Typic Haplustoll under different management practices Dominchin, Maria Florencia; Verdenelli, Romina Aylén; Berger, Micaela Gisell; Antonio Marcelo, Aoki; Meriles, Jose Manuel The application of biochar with N-fertilizer is one of the most attractive practices for increasing soil quality and fertility. However, few studies have examined the combined effects of peanut biochar and urea on soil microbial community structure and function. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and various enzyme activities were used to monitor microbial community structure and function in a 20-week incubation experiment. Different rates of biochar (0, 1, and 3% dry wt. soil) and N-fertilizers (with or without urea addition at 0.2 g kg−1) were applied to a Typic Haplustoll under conventional (CV) and conservation (CS) land management practices. A pristine forest soil (CK) was also included as control. Overall, the lowest microbial activity and abundance of microbial PLFA bioindicators were recorded under CV, confirming that conservation management may improve soil quality. Our study also indicated that the effect of biochar and management practices on the microbial community structure was more significant than that of urea. Particularly under both CS and CK, biochar tended to increase glucosidase, glucuronidase, and phosphomonoesterase activities, being on average 65%, 43%, and 85% significantly higher in biochar 3% than in the control treatment, respectively. Thus, we found a strong correlation between soil macronutrients and enzymes such as glucosidase and urease. Although total PLFA content was poorly affected, biochar addition increased some individual PLFA biomarkers, suggesting that both the biochar rates (1% and 3%) may increase Gram-negative bacteria and fungal populations. Regardless of biochar addition, urea application significantly increased urease activity. We also found a positive correlation between fungal PLFAs (VAM and total fungi) and urease activity, indicating that biochar tended to increase fungal biomass. The combined application of biochar and urea to soil under appropriate management may thus be a feasible and effective strategy for improving soil microbial quality.

Aporte metodológico para la construcción cuantitativa de un índice sintético de vulnerabilidad: Análisis espacial de la vulnerabilidad ante COVID-19 en los municipios de la cuenca del río Luján; Methodological contribution for the quantitative construction of a synthetic vulnerability index: spatial analysis of covid-19 vulnerability in the municipalities of the Lujan River basin Montes Galbán, Eloy José En el presente trabajo se propone una metodología para el abordaje de la vulnerabilidad desde laperspectiva del análisis espacial cuantitativo con Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Sepropone una estrategia metodológica de tipo aditiva/ponderada que permite la construcción de uníndice sintético de vulnerabilidad a través de la integración de factores que componen lavulnerabilidad ante COVID-19. Como resultado principal se obtuvo una cartografía síntesis con ladistribución espacial de los diferentes grados de vulnerabilidad ante COVID-19 en los municipiosde la cuenca del río Luján. Los aportes de los estudios geográficos sobre vulnerabilidad sonfundamentales para soportar la toma de decisiones y conducir las acciones en el territorio demanera focalizada, sumando de este modo, una herramienta de alto valor geoestratégico.; This paperwork presents a methodology for addressing vulnerability from the perspective of quantitative spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It is proposed an additive weighting methodological strategy that allows the construction of a synthetic index of vulnerability through the integration of factors that make up vulnerability to COVID-19. As the main result, it was obtained a synthesis mapping which shows the spatial distribution of the different degrees of vulnerability to COVID -19 in the municipalities of the Lujan river basin. The contributions of geographic studies on vulnerability are essential to support making decision and conduct actions in the territory in a focused manner, thus adding a tool of high geostrategic value.

A Double-Auction Mechanism for Distribution of Electrical Supply Capacities among Enterprises of an Industrial Park Rocchi, Ariel Mariano; Fernández, Érica Soledad; Vega, Jorge Ruben Typically, an industry contracts a given electrical supply capacity to the energy distribution company for a relatively long time period. Such kind of contract is often expensive for the industry, because large supply capacities must be considered in order to avoid penalty fees due to an eventually high peak power demand that could occur even along a short time period. This paper proposes a dynamic strategy for simultaneously assigning the price and the fraction of power supply capacity to every industry located in an industrial park. The assignment strategy aims at reaching a joint benefit for all the involved enterprises (i.e., the industries and the energy distribution company). The proposed procedure involves 3 sequential algorithms. The strategy for supply capacity re-assignment is based on a double-auction mechanism, which can be applied at time periods of arbitrary duration. The proposal is evaluated on the basis of two synthetic examples that involve different number of industries and electric power consumptions.

Galectin-1 fosters an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer by reprogramming CD8+ regulatory T cells Cagnoni, Alejandro; Giribaldi, María Laura; Blidner, Ada Gabriela; Cutine, Anabela María; Gatto, Sabrina Gisela; Morales, Rosa María; Salatino, Mariana; Abba, Martín Carlos; Croci Russo, Diego Omar; Mariño, Karina Valeria; Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although immunotherapy has taken center stage in mainstream oncology, it has shown limited clinical efficacy in CRC, generating an urgent need for discovery of new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, induces tolerogenic programs and contributes to tumor cell evasion of immune responses. Here, we investigated the relevance of Gal-1 in CRC and explored its modulatory activity within the CD8+ regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment. Mice lacking Gal-1 (Lgals1−/−) developed a lower number of tumors and showed a decreased frequency of a particular population of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs in the azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis-associated CRC. Moreover, silencing of tumor-derived Gal-1 in the syngeneic CT26 CRC model resulted in reduced number and attenuated immunosuppressive capacity of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs, leading to slower tumor growth. Moreover, stromal Gal-1 also influenced the fitness of CD8+ Tregs, highlighting the contribution of both tumor and stromal-derived Gal-1 to this immunoregulatory effect. Finally, bioinformatic analysis of a colorectal adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset revealed a particular signature characterized by high CD8+ Treg score and elevated Gal-1 expression, which delineates poor prognosis in human CRC. Our findings identify CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs as a target of the immunoregulatory activity of Gal-1, suggesting a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC.

Are strigolactones a key in plant–parasitic nematodes interactions? An intriguing question Marro, Nicolás Alejandro; Caccia, Milena Guadalupe; López-Ráez, Juan Antonio Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are among the most important pests in agriculture. Chemical inputs are widely used for their control; however, the negative impact of these agrochemicals on environmental and human health is a current concern. Biological control and interventions on rhizosphere signaling are promising ecofriendly alternatives for managing these pests in the field. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in plant-PPN interaction need to be unraveled in order to develop appropriate management strategies. Strigolactones (SLs) are phytohormones that are exuded from roots, acting as signaling molecules in the rhizosphere. They are important cues in the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal and Rhizobium-legume symbioses. Recently, it has been shown that SLs can also affect the interaction between plants and certain PPN species; however, data are scarce and ambiguous. Some studies propose that SLs positively regulate PPN species performance acting as attractants to roots, or by inhibiting plant defense responses. On the contrary, other studies suggest that SLs could negatively regulate PPN performance by reducing abscisic acid, or by promoting plant interactions with beneficial soil microorganisms. In the present Opinion paper, we discuss these controversial results and propose future research challenges to develop new management strategies against these harmful PPN species.

Reproductive traits in four spontaneous Pappophorum vaginatum populations in arid Argentina Entio, Lisandro Jose; Mujica, Maria de la Merced; Busso, Carlos Alberto; Torres, Yanina Alejandra Arid zones, where native rangelands are common, are essentials for millions of people livelihood. These areas support 50% of the world's livestock and are where 44% of the world's food is grown. In rangelands of Central Argentina, Pappophorum vaginatum is basically the unique, warm-season perennial grass species palatable to grazing livestock. Our major objective was to determine variability in reproductive characteristics among four spontaneous, overgrazed populations (i.e., P1, P2, P3, P4) of that species to identify promissory materials for domestication. Studies were conducted during three consecutive growing seasons within the southwestern part of the Phytogeographical Province of the Monte, in southwestern Buenos Aires, Argentina. Measured reproductive characteristics were related to flowering initiation, seed production and natural reseeding potential. Significant differences were found for flowering initiation and natural reseeding potential, but not for viable anthecia per plant among the four populations of P. vaginatum. This species fructified from the beginning to the end of the studied growing seasons with a great anthecia production per plant. The light weight of these anthecia and their awns would favor a great wind dispersal and most likely the establishment of new seedlings of P. vaginatum. This suggests that sexual reproduction might have a relatively greater importance than asexual reproduction (i.e., tillering) in the persistence of the overgrazed P. vaginatum in the plant communities of the studied region. Selection of plant materials with a late flowering initiation will allow to extend the forage production of a better quality. The variability among and within populations found on this study support the idea that would be promissory to start selection programs to obtain improved germplasm to reincorporate to grasslands of the south of the Phytogeographical Region of the Monte (Argentina) not only to increase livestock production but to recover and maintain biodiversity.

Association of novel characterized sequence variations in the ζ-carotene desaturase (Zds) gene with yellow color and yellow pigment content in durum wheat cultivars Pasten, Maria Cielo; Roncallo, Pablo Federico; Camargo Acosta, Emily Yineth; Echenique, Carmen Viviana; Garbus, Ingrid In durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), grown primarily for the production of pasta and other food products, yellow color is an important quality standard. This trait is linked to several different aspects, such as processing conditions, degradation by enzymes, environmental factors and, most importantly, the natural concentration of yellow carotenoid pigments. One of the crucial phases in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is carotene desaturation, and it is catalyzed by two desaturases: Phytoene desaturase (PDS) and ζ-Carotene desaturase (ZDS). In this study, we report the presence of two polymorphisms in the Zds genes that strongly suggest that this gene is duplicated in the durum wheat A and B genomes, providing valuable knowledge about the distribution of this gene in durum wheat germplasm. The polymorphism detected in the A genome was successfully associated with differences in the phenotypic expression of yellow pigment in 133 durum wheat cultivars, thus constituting a novel functional marker for use in breeding programs that aim to improve pasta quality and which contributes to a better understanding of the inheritance of color traits in durum wheat.

Role of coherence in quantum-dot-based nanomachines within the Coulomb blockade regime Ribetto, Federico Daniel; Bustos Marun, Raul Alberto; Calvo, Hernan Laureano During the last decades, quantum dots within the Coulomb blockade regime of transport have been proposed as essential building blocks for a wide variety of nanomachines. This includes thermoelectric devices, quantum shuttles, quantum pumps, and even quantum motors. However, in this regime, the role of quantum mechanics is commonly limited to provide energy quantization while the working principle of the devices is ultimately the same as their classic counterparts. Here, we study quantum-dot-based nanomachines in the Coulomb blockade regime, but in a configuration where the coherent superpositions of the dots' states plays a crucial role. We show that the studied system can be used as the basis for different forms of "true"quantum machines that should only work in the presence of these coherent superpositions. We analyze the efficiency of these machines against different nonequilibrium sources (bias voltage, temperature gradient, and external driving) and the factors that limit it, including decoherence and the role of the different orders appearing in the adiabatic expansion of the charge/heat currents.

Análisis comparativo de las relocalizaciones compulsivas urbana y rural: La represa de Itá (Santa Catarina y Rio Grande del Sur, Brasil) Catullo, María Rosa En este trabajo estudiamos los efectos de la construcción de la represa de Itá ubicada en el río Uruguay, entre los municipios de Itá (Estado de Santa Catarina) y Aratiba (Estado de Río Grande do Sur), La misma formó un lago que tiene una cota de 370 metros ( respecto al nivel del mar), con un volumen total de 5.l00 millones de metros cúbicos, ocupando l4l Km² de área total. Presenta un potencial instalado de l620 MW y afectó en su gran mayoría áreas rurales, parcialmente el municipio de Marcelino Ramos (RS ) y en su totalidad la sede del municipio de Itá (SC). Nos focalizaremos en el municipio de Itá, donde se relocalizaron pequeños productores rurales y la ciudad de Itá en su totalidad.Consideramos importante analizar comparativamente las respuestas y estrategias de la población rural que se organizó en la Comissão Regional de Atingidos por Barragem (CRAB), resistiendo a la construcción de la represa, en contraposición a la población de la ciudad de Itá que estuvo mayormente, a favor de la misma. Además, la ciudad de Itá es un caso único, donde se relocalizó toda su población, incluyendo su cementerio, con el stress que esto conllevó a sus habitantes.